The following is a list of all the people mentioned in this book. The asterisks following some of the names indicate that there are chapters devoted to them. Abbreviations: CPSU: Communist Party of the Soviet Union; KGB: Komitet Gosudarstvennoi Bezopasnosti (Committee of State Security); NKVD: Narodnii Komissariat Vnutrennikh Del (People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs)
Abrikosov, Alexei I. (1875–1955). Russian-Soviet pathologist; A. A. Abrikosov’s father
Abrikosov,* Alexei A. (1928– ). Soviet-American physicist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Abrikosov, Dmitrii I. (1876–1950). Russian diplomat and author; A. A. Abrikosov’s uncle
Agre, Peter (1949–). American biomedical scientist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Agrest, Mattes M. (1915–2005). Soviet mathematician; later moved to the US
Akhmatova, Anna (1889–1966). Russian-Soviet poet
Akulov, Nikolai S. (1900–1976). Soviet physicist; N. N. Semenov’s unprincipled adversary
Aleksandrov, Anatoly P. (1903–1994). Soviet physicist; President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1975–1986)
Alekseevskii, Nikolai E. (1912–1993). Soviet physicist
Alikhanov, Abraham I. (1904–1970). Soviet-Armenian physicist
Alikhanov, Gevork (1897–1937). Armenian communist leader; Elena Bonner’s father
Alikhanyan, Artem (1908–1978). Soviet-Armenian physicist
Allen, J. F. (1908–2001). Canadian-British physicist; codiscoverer of helium superfluidity
Altshuler, Lev V. (1913–2003). Soviet physicist
Amiton, Ilya P. (1946–). Soviet crystallographer
Andreiev, Nikolai N. (1880–1970). Soviet physicist
Andrianov, Kuzma A. (1904–1978). Soviet chemist
Andropov, Yurii V. (1914–1984). KGB chief (1967–1982); General Secretary of the CPSU (1982–1984)
Arkhipov, R. G. Soviet physicist
Aronov, Yurii E. (1938–1986). Soviet chemist; persecuted for his protest against the invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968
Arrhenius, Svante (1859–1927). Swedish physical chemist; Nobel laureate (1903)
Artsimovich, Lev A. (1909–1973). Soviet physicist
Balandin, A. A. (1898–1967). Soviet chemist
Baldwin, Stanley (1867–1947). thrice Prime Minister of the UK (1923–1924, 1924–1929, and 1935–1937)
Balfour, Arthur (1848–1930). British politician; Prime Minister (1902–1905); Foreign Secretary (1916–1919)
Bárány, Anders (1942–). Swedish physicist; Secretary of the Nobel Committee for Physics (1989–2003)
Bardeen, John (1908–1991). American physicist; twice Nobel laureate (1956; 1972)
Barton, Derek (1918–1998). British chemist; Nobel laureate (1969)
Bauman, Karl I. (1892–1937). Soviet party official; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Bednorz, J. Georg (1950–). Swiss physicist; Nobel laureate (1987)
Belousov,* Boris P. (1893–1970). Soviet chemist
Bergius, Friedrich (1884–1949). German chemist; Nobel laureate (1931)
Beria, Lavrentii P. (1899–1953). Chief of Soviet secret police; Supervisor of the Soviet nuclear program
Bethe, Hans (1906–2005). German-American physicist; Nobel laureate (1967)
Blumenfeld, Lev A. (1921–2002). Soviet biophysicist
Bochvar, Dmitrii A. (1903–1990). Soviet quantum chemist
Bodenstein, Max (1871–1942). German physical chemist
Bohr, Niels (1885–1962). Danish physicist; Nobel laureate (1922)
Bokii, Georgii B. (1909–2001). Soviet crystallographer
Bonhoeffer, Karl F. (1899–1957). German physical chemist
Bonner, Elena (Lusia) (1923–2011). Soviet human rights activist; Andrei Sakharov’s second wife
Boreisha, Maria (1879–1923). Russian philologist; Nikolai Semenov’s first wife
Born, Max (1882–1970). German-British physicist; Nobel laureate (1954)
Bosch, Carl (1874–1940). German chemical engineer; Nobel laureate (1931)
Botvinnik, Maria M. (1902–1970). Soviet chemist
Bourbaki, Nicolas. invented collective pseudonym of a group of mathematicians
Boyle, Robert (1627–1691). British scientist
Brezhnev, Leonid I. (1906–1982). Soviet politician; General Secretary of the CPSU (1964–1982)
Bronshtein, Matvei P. (1906–1938). Soviet physicist; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Bukatin, Michael (Mikhael) A. (1964–). American mathematician and software engineer; Anatol Zhabotinsky’s son
Bukatina, Anna E. (1940–). Soviet-American biophysicist; Anatol Zhabotinsky’s first wife
Bukharin, Nikolai I. (1888–1938). Soviet politician; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Bulganin, Nikolai A. (1895–1975). Soviet politician; Prime Minister (1955–1958)
Bunin, I. A. (1870–1953). Russian poet; Nobel laureate (1933)
Burovskaya, Mirra Ya. (1880–1947). Russian actress; Yulii Khariton’s mother
Burtseva (Semenova), Natalia N. (1902–1996). Nikolai Semenov’s second wife
Bush, George W. (1946–). US president (2001–2009)
Butlerov, Aleksander M. (1828–1886). Russian chemist
Chadwick, James (1891–1974). British physicist; Nobel laureate (1935)
Chekhov, Anton P. (1860–1904). Russian writer
Chelintsev, G. V.; Soviet chemist; campaigned against the proponents of the theory of resonance
Cherenkov, Pavel A. (1904–1990). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (1958)
Chernenko, Konstantin U. (1911–1985). Soviet politician; General Secretary of the CPSU (1984–1985)
Chernomyrdin, Viktor (1938–2010). Prime Minsiter of Russia (1992–1998)
Chernosvitova, Nadezhda. Petr Kapitza’s first wife
Chernyakhovskaya, Inna Yu. Yakov Zeldovich’s third wife
Chernyshev, Alexei K. (1945–). Soviet physicist
Chirkov, Nikolai M. (1908–1972). Soviet chemist
Choibalsan, Khorloogiin (1895–1952). Communist leader of Mongolia
Chu, Steven (1948–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1997); US Secretary of Energy (2009–)
Churchill, Winston (1874–1965). British politician; Prime Minister; Nobel laureate (1953)
Cockcroft, John D. (1897–1967). British physicist; Nobel laureate (1951)
Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude (1933–). French physicist; Nobel laureate (1997)
Conan Doyle, Arthur (1859–1930). British author
Cooper, Leon (1930–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1972)
Crick, Francis (1916–2004). British physicist turned biologist; Nobel laureate (1962)
Dalyell, Tam (now, Lord Dalyell) (1932–). British politician
De Broglie Louis (1892–1987). French physicist; Nobel laureate (1929)
De Kruif, Paul (1890–1971). American biologist turned author of popular science books
Delbrück, Max (1906–1981). German-American scientist; Nobel laureate (1969)
Democritus (460–370 BCE). Greek philosopher
Dirac, Paul A. M. (1902–1984). British physicist; Nobel laureate (1933)
Doroshkevich, A. G. (1936–). Soviet-Russian astrophysicist and cosmologist
Drell, Sidney D. (1926–). American physicist
Drobantseva, Konkordia (Kora) (1908–1984). Soviet chemical engineer; L. D. Landau’s wife
Dyatkina, M. E. (1915–1972). Soviet chemist
Dzyaloshinskii, I. E. (1931–). Soviet physicist
Ehrenfest, Paul (1880–1933). Dutch physicist
Einstein, Albert (1879–1955). German Swiss-American physicist; Nobel laureate (1922 for 1921)
Eitington, Max; German psychiatrist; second husband of Yulii Khariton’s mother
Elsasser, Walter M. (1904–1991). German-American physicist
Eltenton, George. British chemical engineer; member of the Soviet atomic spy ring
Engelhardt, Vladimir A. (1895–1984). Soviet biochemist
Epstein, Irving R. (1944–). American physical chemist
Erlander, Tage F. (1901–1985). Swedish prime minister (1946–1969)
Ermakova, Nina I. (1922–). Vitaly Ginzburg’s second wife
Escher, Maurice C. (1898–1972). Dutch graphic artist
Eyring, Henry (1901–1981). American physical chemist
Ezhov, Nikolai I. (1895–1940). Head of the NKVD during the Great Purge of 1937–1938
Fedin, Erlen I. (1926–2009). Soviet chemist
Fedorov, E. K. (1910–1981). Researcher of polar regions; official of the Soviet Academy of Sciences
Feinberg, E. L. (1912–2005). Soviet physicist
Fermi, Enrico (1901–1954). Italian-American physicist; Nobel laureate (1938)
Fersman, Aleksandr E. (1883–1945). Russian-Soviet geologist
Feynman, Richard (1918–1988). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1965)
Fock, Vladimir A. (1898–1974). Soviet physicist
Fomin, P. F. (1904–1976). Soviet admiral; commander of the Novaya Zemplya proving ground for thermonuclear bomb tests
Frank, Ilya M. (1908–1990). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (1958)
Frank-Kamenetskii, David A. (1910–1970). Soviet physicist and chemist
Fredga, Arne (1902–1992). Swedish chemist
Freidlina, Rakhil Kh. (1906–1986). Soviet chemist
Frenkel, Yakov I. (1894–1952). Soviet physicist
Friedman, Aleksandr A. (1888–1925). Russian-Soviet cosmologist
Frumkin, Aleksandr N. (1895–1976). Soviet electrochemist
Fuchs, Klaus (1911–1988). German-British physicist; Soviet atomic spy
Fuller, R. Buckminster (1895–1983). American designer and author
Gagarin, Yurii A. (1934–1968). Soviet pilot; first human in space (1961)
Galpern, Elena (1935–). Soviet chemist
Gambaryan, Natalya P. (1929–). Soviet chemist
Gamow, George (at birth, Georgii A.) (1904–1968). Russian-American physicist and author of popular science books
Gavrilov, Nikolai I. (1892–1966). Soviet chemist
Gershtein, Semyon S. (1929–). Soviet physicist
Gessen, B. M. (1893–1936). Soviet physicist and philosopher; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Gilbert, Walter (1932–). American physicist and biologist; Nobel laureate (1980)
Gill, Eric (1882–1940). British sculptor
Ginzburg, Irina V. (1939–). Vitaly Ginzburg’s daughter
Ginzburg, Nina I. See Ermakova, Nina I.
Ginzburg, Lazar (1863–1942). Russian-Soviet engineer; Vitaly Ginzburg’s father
Ginzburg,* Vitaly L. (1916–2009). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Glashow, Sheldon (1932–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1979)
Goldanskii, Vitalii I. (1923–2001). Soviet physical chemist; Nikolai Semenov’s son-in-law
Gomberg, Moses (1866–1947). American chemist
Gorbachev, Mikhail S. (1931–). Soviet politician; General Secretary of the CPSU (1985–1991); President of the Soviet Union (1990–1991); Nobel laureate (1990)
Gorelik, Gennady E. (1948–). Soviet-American science historian
Gorky, Maxim (1868–1936). Soviet writer
Gorkov, Lev P. (1929–). Soviet-American-Russian physicist
Gorobets, Boris S. (1942–). Soviet-Russian physicist, mineralogist, science historian
Gorskaya, Natalia V. (1941–2008). Soviet crystallographer
Groves, Leslie R. (1896–1970). US Army general; manager of the Manhattan Project
Gurevich, I. I. (1912–1992). Soviet physicist
Hahn, Otto (1879–1968). German chemist; Nobel laureate (awarded in 1945 for the year 1944)
Hartree, Douglas (1897–1958). British physicist
Hecker, Siegfried S. (1943–). American metallurgist; former director of the Los Alamos National Laboratory
Heisenberg, Werner (1901–1976). German physicist; Nobel laureate (1933 for 1932)
Heitler, Walter (1904–1981). German-British physicist
Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman (1897–1967). British physical chemist; Nobel laureate (1956)
Hoffmann, Roald (1937–). American chemist and author; Nobel laureate (1981)
Hulthén, Lamek (1909–1995). Swedish physicist
Ingelstam, Erik (1909–1988). Swedish physicist
Ioffe, Abram F. (1880–1960). Russian-Soviet physicist; mentor of many renowned Soviet physicists
Ipatev, Vladimir N. (1867–1952). Russian-American chemist
Ivanenko, Dmitrii D. (1904–1994). Soviet physicist
Ivanitskii, Genrikh R. (1936–). Soviet biophysicist
John Paul II (1920–2005). Pope of the Catholic Church (1978–2005)
Jordan, Pascual (1902–1980). German physicist
Kabachnik, Martin I. (1908–1997). Soviet chemist
Kabalkina, Sarra S. (1918–1999). Soviet physicist
Kamenev, Lev B. (1883–1936). Soviet politician; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Kamerlingh-Onnes, Heike (1853–1926). Dutch physicist; Nobel laureate (1913)
Kanegiesser, Evgeniya; Rudolf Peierls’s Russian-born wife
Kapitza, Anna A. (1903–1996). Petr Kapitza’s wife
Kapitza, Andrei P. (1931–2011). geographer; Petr Kapitza’s son
Kapitza,* Petr L. (1894–1984). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (1978)
Kapitza, Sergei P. (1928–2012). Physicist; Petr Kapitza’s son
Kargin, Valentin A. (1907–1969). Soviet polymer chemist
Kedrov, Bonifatii M. (1903–1983). Soviet philosopher
Keldysh, Leonid V. (1931–). Soviet-American physicist
Keldysh, Mstislav V. (1911–1978). Soviet mathematician; President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1961–1975)
Kendrew, John (1917–1997). British biochemist; Nobel laureate (1962)
Kennedy, John F. (1917–1963). US president (1961–1963)
Khalatnikov, Isaak M. (1919–). Soviet physicist
Khariton, Boris O. (1876–1940). Journalist; Yulii Khariton’s father
Khariton, Maria N. (1902–1977). Yulii Khariton’s wife
Khariton, Tatyana Yu. (1926–1985). Yulii Khariton’s daughter
Khariton,* Yulii B. (1904–1996). Soviet physicist; long-time scientific head of Arzamas-16
Khrushchev, Nikita S. (1894–1971). Supreme leader of the Soviet Union after Stalin’s death (1953–1964)
Khvolson, Orest D. (1852–1934). Russian physicist
Kikoin, Isaak K. (1908–1984). Soviet physicist
Kitaigorodskii,* Aleksandr I. (1914–1985). Soviet crystallographer
Kitaigorodskii, Isaac (1888–1965). Soviet chemical engineer; A. I. Kitaigorodskii’s father
Klein, Oskar (1894–1977). Swedish physicist
Knunyants, Ivan L. (1906–1990). Soviet chemist
Kochetkov, Nikolai K. (1915–2005). Soviet chemist
Kolmogorov, Andrei N. (1903–1987). Soviet mathematician
Kondratev, Viktor N. (1902–1979). Soviet physical chemist
Konstantinov, Boris P. (1916–1969). Soviet physicist
Konstantinova, Varvara P. (1907–1976). Soviet physicist; Ya. B. Zeldovich’s first wife
Korolev, Sergei (1907–1966). General Constructor of the Soviet rocket program
Korshak, Vasilii V. (1909–1988). Soviet chemist
Koshland, Daniel E. Jr. (1920–2007). American biochemist; editor of Science (1985–1995).
Kovalev, Sergei (1930–). Soviet biologist and human rights activist
Krasin, Viktor (1929–). Soviet human rights activist; later US citizen
Krinskaya, Albina (1938–). Anatol Zhabotinsky’s second wife
Krinskii, Valentin I. (1938–). Soviet biophysicist
Krylov, Aleksey N. (1863–1945). Russian naval engineer
Krylova, Anna A. A. N. Krylov’s daughter; see Kapitza, Anna A.
Kurchatov, Igor V. (1903–1960). Soviet physicist; supreme leader of the Soviet nuclear program
Kursanov, Dmitrii N. (1899–1983). Soviet chemist
Landau, David L. (1866–1943). Oil engineer; Lev Landau’s father
Landau, Igor L. (1944–2011). Soviet-Swiss physicist; Lev Landau’s son
Landau,* Lev D. (1908–1968). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (1962)
Landau (née Harkavi), Lyubov V. (1876–1941). Lev Landau’s mother
Landsberg, Grigory S. (1890–1957). Soviet physicist
Lauterbur, Paul (1929–2007). American chemist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Lavrentiev, Mikhail A. (1900–1980). Soviet mathematician
Lawrence, Ernest O. (1901–1958). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1939)
Lebedev, Petr N. (1866–1912). Russian physicist
Leggett, Anthony J. (1939–). British-American physicist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Leipunskii, Aleksandr I. (1903–1972). Soviet physicist
Leipunskii, Ovsei I. (1909–1990). Soviet physicist
Lenin, Vladimir I. (1870–1924). Russian communist revolutionary; first leader of the Soviet Union
Leontovich, Mikhail A. (1903–1981). Soviet physicist
Letokhov, Vladilen S. (1939–2009). Soviet-Russian physicist
Levi, Saul. Refugee physicist from Germany; Vitaly Ginzburg’s physics tutor; later moved to the United States
Levi-Montalcini, Rita (1909–2012). Italian biomedical scientist; Nobel laureate (1986)
Liberman (also, Liberman-Smith), Marina (1968–). Andrei Sakharov’s granddaughter
Lifshits Ilya M. (1917–1982). Soviet physicist
Lifshits (née Mazel’), Berta. E. M. and I. M. Lifshits’s mother
Lifshits,* Evgenii M. (1915–1985). Soviet physicist
Lindh, Axel E. (1888–1960). Swedish physicist; member of the Nobel Committee for Physics (1935–1960)
Liszt, Franz (Ferenc) (1811–1886). Hungarian composer and virtuoso pianist
Livanova, Anna (1917–2001). Soviet physicist and author of books about scientists; Anatol Zhabotinsky’s mother. Livanova was her pen-name; her original surname was Lifshits.
Liverovskii, Alexei; Russian medical doctor; first husband of Maria Boreisha, Nikolai Semenov’s first wife
London, Fritz W. (1900–1954). German-American physicist
Lucretius (99–55 BCE). Roman philosopher
Luzhkov, Yury M. (1936–). Mayor of Moscow (1992–2010)
Luzin, Nikolai N. (1883–1950). Russian-Soviet mathematician
Lvov, V. E. Soviet writer, critic of the theory of resonance in chemistry
Lysenko, Trofim D. (1898–1976). Soviet charlatan agronomist; wielded great power and destroyed modern biology in the Soviet Union
MacGillavry, Carolina H. (1904–1993). Dutch crystallographer
MacKinnon, Roderick (1956–). American biologist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Malenkov, Georgii M. (1902–1988). Soviet communist leader; Prime Minister (1953–1955)
Malevich, Kazimir (1879–1935). Russian-Soviet avant-garde artist
Malyshev, Vyacheslav (1902–1957). Soviet official; head of the Ministry of Medium Machine Building (the camouflaged name for the ministry responsible for nuclear matters)
Mamedov, Khudu (1927–1988). Soviet-Azerbaijani crystallographer
Mandelshtam, Leonid I. (1879–1944). Soviet physicist
Mandelshtam, Osip (1891–1938). Russian poet; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Mansfield, Peter (1933–). British physicist; Nobel laureate (2003)
Mechnikov, Ilya (in international literature, Élie) (1845–1916). Russian-Ukrainian biologist; Nobel laureate (1908)
Meitner, Lise (1878–1968). Austrian-German physicist; codiscoverer of nuclear fission
Mendel, Gregor (1822–1884). Austrian monk and pioneer geneticist
Mendeleev, Dmitrii I. (1834–1907). Russian chemist
Mezhlauk, Valery I. (1893–1938). Soviet deputy prime minister; head of state planning; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Migdal, Alexander (1945–). Soviet-American physicist; Arkadii Migdal’s son
Migdal, Arkadii (1911–1991). Soviet physicist
Mikhoels, Solomon (1890–1948). Soviet actor; head of the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee; assassinated on Stalin’s orders
Misener, A. D. British physicist; codiscoverer of helium superfluidity
Mokhov, Viktor N. (193?–2011). Soviet physicist
Molotov, Vyacheslav M. (1890–1986). Leading Soviet politician; Prime Minister (1930–1941); Foreign Minister (1939–1949; 1953–1956)
Mond, Ludwig (1839–1909). German-British chemist-industrialist
Monroe, Marilyn (1926–1962). American actress
Müller, K. Alexander (1927–). Swiss physicist; Nobel laureate (1987)
Myshkis, Anatoli D. (1920–2009). Soviet mathematician
Nametkin, Sergey S. (1876–1950). Russian-Soviet chemist
Nedelin, Mitrofan I. (1902–1960). Soviet military leader
Neizvestny, Ernst I. (1925–). Soviet-American sculptor
Nemchinov, V. S. (1894–1964). Soviet economist
Nernst, Walther (1864–1941). German physical chemist; Nobel laureate (1920)
Nesmeyanov,* Aleksandr N. (1899–1980). Soviet chemist; president of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1951–1961)
Nesmeyanov, Vasilii N. Aleksandr Nesmeyanov’s brother; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Neumann, John von (1903–1957). Hungarian-American mathematician
Newton, Isaac (1642–1727). British scientist
Nikolai II of Russia (1868–1918). Last Emperor of Russia
Nixon, Richard M. (1913–1994). US president (1968–1974)
Nobel, Alfred (1833–1896). Swedish chemical engineer and inventor; founded the award known today as the Nobel Prize
Novikov, Igor D. (1935–). Soviet-Danish astrophysicist
Nuzhdin, Nikolai I. (1904–1972). Soviet biologist; close associate of Trofim Lysenko
Obreimov, I. V. (1894–1981). Soviet physicist
Ondra, Annie (1902–1987). German film star
Oparin, Aleksander I. (1894–1980). Soviet biochemist
Oppenheimer, J. Robert (1904–1967). American physicist; first director of the Los Alamos Laboratory
Orbán, Miklós (1939–). Hungarian chemist
Orwell, George (1903–1950). British writer
Osawa, Eiji (1935–). Japanese chemist
Ovchinnikova (née Zeldovich), Marina Ya. (1939–). Soviet physicist, Ya. B. Zeldovich’s daughter
Panofsky, Wolfgang (1919–2007). American physicist
Pasternak, Boris (1890–1960). Russian poet, novelist; Nobel laureate (1958; was forced to decline the award)
Pauli, Wolfgang (1900–1958). Austrian-Swiss physicist; Nobel laureate (1945)
Pauling, Linus (1901–1994). American chemist; twice Nobel laureate (1954; 1963 for 1962)
Pavlov, Ivan P. (1849–1936). Russian physiologist; Nobel laureate (1904)
Pavlov, Nikolai I. (1915–1990). KGB general
Peebles, P. J. E. (1935–). American physicist
Peierls, Rudolf E. (1907–1995). German-British physicist
Penzias, Arno (1933–). American astrophysicist; Nobel laureate (1978)
Perutz, Max F. (1914–2002). Austrian-British biochemist
Peter the Great (1672–1725). Emperor of Russia (1682–1725)
Petrovskii, Ivan G. (1901–1973). Soviet mathematician
Phillips, William D. (1948–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1997)
Pitaevskii, L. P. (1933–). Soviet physicist
Planck, Max (1858–1947). German physicist; Nobel laureate (1919 for 1918)
Pomeranchuk, Isaak Ya. (1913–1966). Soviet physicist
Prigogine, Ilya (1917–2003). Belgian physical chemist; Nobel laureate (1977)
Putin, Vladimir V. (1952–). Russian politician; President (2000–2008; 2012–); Prime Minister (1999–2000; 2008–2012)
Pyatigorskii, Leonid M. (1909–1993). Soviet physicist
Rabi, Isidor I. (1898–1988). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1945 for 1944)
Raman, C. V. (1888–1970). Indian physicist; Nobel laureate (1930)
Rapoport, Iosif A. (1912–1990). Soviet geneticist
Razuvaev, Grigorii A. (1895–1989). Soviet chemist
Reagan, Ronald W. (1911–2004). US president (1981–1989)
Roginskii, Simon Z. (1900–1970). Soviet physical chemist
Romanov, Yurii A. (1926–2010). Soviet physicist
Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad (1845–1923). German physicist; Nobel laureate (1901)
Rozhdestvenskii, Dmitrii S. (1876–1940). Russian physicist
Russell, Bertrand (1872–1970). British philosopher
Rutherford, Ernest (1871–1937). British physicist; Nobel laureate (1908)
Sagdeev, Roald Z. (1932–). Soviet-American physicist
Sakharov,* Andrei D. (1921–1989). Soviet physicist and human rights activist; Nobel laureate (1975)
Sakharov, Dmitrii I. (1889–1961). Physicist; pedagogue; author; Andrei Sakharov’s father
Sakharov, Dmitrii A. (1957). Andrei Sakharov’s son
Sakharova, Lyubov (Lyuba) A. (1949–). Teacher; Andrei Sakharov’s daughter
Sakharova, Tatyana A. (1945–). Biologist; Andrei Sakharov’s daughter
Samoilov, David S. (1920–1990). Soviet poet
Schrieffer, J. Robert (1931–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1972)
Schrödinger, Erwin (1887–1961). Austrian physicist; Nobel laureate (1933)
Seaborg, Glenn T. (1912–1999). American chemist; Nobel laureate (1951)
Semenov, Alexey Yu. (1951–). Biologist; Nikolai Semenov and Yulii Khariton’s grandson
Semenov,* Nikolai N. (1896–1986). Soviet chemical physicist; Nobel laureate (1956)
Semenov, Yurii N. (1925–1995). Philosopher, Nikolai Semenov’s son
Semenova (Burtseva), Natalia N. See Burtseva, Natalia
Semenova, Ludmilla N. (1928–). Teacher at music school; Nikolai Semenov’s daughter
Shabad, Leon M. (1902–1982). Soviet cancer specialist
Shakespeare, William (1564–1616). English poet and playwright
Shalnikov, Aleksandr I. (1905–1986). Soviet physicist
Shcherbakova (Shcherbakova-Semenova), Lidia G. (1926–). Soviet chemist; Nikolai Semenov’s third wife
Shemyakin, Mikhail M. (1908–1970). Soviet chemist
Shilov, E. A. (1893–1970). Soviet chemist
Shire, Edward S. (1908–1978). British physicist
Shiryaeva, O. K. (1911–2000). Soviet artist and architect; was incarcerated and exiled; had daughter with Ya. B. Zeldovich
Shnol, Simon (1930–). Soviet-Russian biochemist
Shoenberg, David (1911–2004). British physicist
Shubin, Semyon (1908–1938). Soviet physicist; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Shubnikov, Alexey V. (1887–1970). Soviet crystallographer
Shubnikov, Lev V. (1901–1937). Soviet physicist; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Shunyaev, Rashid A. (1943–). Soviet-Russian physicist
Sidur, Vadim A. (1924–1986). Soviet avant-garde sculptor
Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). Austrian neurologist
Sillén, Lars Gunnar (1916–1970). Swedish chemist
Simon, Francis (1893–1956). German-British physicist
Sindelevich, Asya; A. I. Kitaigorodskii’s mother
Smirnov, Yurii N. (1937–2011). Soviet physicist and historian of science
Sobko, I. D.; Soviet journal editor
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I. (1918–2008). Russian writer; Nobel laureate (1970)
Spinoza, Baruch (1632–1677). Dutch philosopher
Stalin, Iosif V. (1878–1953). Soviet dictator
Stankevich, Ivan V. (1933–2012). Soviet physicist
Steinbeck, John (1902–1968). American writer; Nobel laureate (1962)
Stern, Otto (1888–1969). German-American physicist; Nobel laureate (1943)
Strassmann, Fritz (1902–1980). German chemist; codiscoverer of nuclear fission
Struchkov, Yurii T. (1926–1995). Soviet crystallographer
Syrkin, Yakov K. (1894–1974). Soviet chemist
Szilard, Leo (1898–1964). Hungarian-American scientist
Tamm,* Igor E. (1895–1971). Soviet physicist; Nobel laureate (1958)
Tamm, Leonid E. (1896 or later–1937, 1938 at the latest). Igor Tamm’s brother; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Tamm, Natalia V. (née Shuiskaya). Igor Tamm’s wife
Telegdi, Valentine (1922–2006). Hungarian-American physicist
Teller, Edward (1908–2003). Hungarian-American physicist
Thomson, J. J. (1856–1940). British physicist; Nobel laureate (1906)
Thorne, Kip S. (1940–). American physicist
Timofeev-Resovskii, Nikolai V. (1900–1981). Soviet biologist
Tiselius, Arne (1902–1971). Swedish biochemist; Nobel laureate (1948)
Tisza, Laszlo (1907–2009). Hungarian-American physicist
Todd, Alexander (1907–1997). British chemist; Nobel laureate (1957)
Tolstoy, Lev (in international literature, Leo) N. (1828–1910). Russian writer
Trapeznikova, Olga N. (1901–1997). Soviet physicist; Lev Shubnikov’s widow
Trotsky, Lev (in international literature, Leon) (1879–1940). Soviet communist revolutionary; was assassinated in exile on Stalin’s order
Truman, Harry S. (1884–1972). US president (1945–1952)
Tsukerman, Veniamin (1913–1993). Soviet physicist
Tsvetaeva, Marina (1892–1941). Russian-Soviet poet
Tupolev, Andrei N. (1888–1972). Soviet aircraft designer
Turgenev, Ivan S. (1818–1883). Russian writer
Ulam Stanislaw (1909–1984). Polish-American mathematician
Vainshtein, Boris K. (1921–1996). Soviet crystallographer
Vainshtein, L. A. (1920–1989). Soviet physicist
Valta, Zinaida (born probably in 1902; year of death unknown). Together with Yulii Khariton investigated the oxidation of phosphorus
Valter, Alexander F. (1898–1941). Soviet physicist
van ‘t Hoff, Jacobus (1852–1911). Dutch chemist; Nobel laureate (1901)
Vasileva Anzhelika Ya. (? –1985). Yakov Zeldovich’s second wife
Vavilov, Nikolai V. (1887–1943). Soviet plant biologist; victim of Stalin’s Terror
Vavilov, Sergei V. (1891–1951). Soviet physicist; President of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1945–1951)
Velikhov, Evgenii P. (1935–). Soviet physicist
Verne, Jules (1828–1905). French writer; pioneer of science fiction
Vernyi, Alexander (1950). Physicist and historian of science; Andrei Sakharov’s son-in-law (Lyuba’s husband)
Vikhrieva, Klavdia (1919–1969). Chemical engineer; Andrei Sakharov’s first wife
Vildauer, Rosa (1891–1948). Vitaly Ginzburg’s stepmother
Vildauer-Ginzburg, Augusta (1887–1920). Russian medical doctor; Vitaly Ginzburg’s mother
Volpin, Mark E. (1923–1996). Soviet chemist
Watson, James D. (1928–). American biologist; Nobel laureate (1962)
Weinberg, Steven (1933–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1979)
Weisskopf, Victor (1908–2002). Austrian-American physicist
Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von (1912–2007). German physicist
Wells, H. G. (1866–1946). British author
Wheland, George W. (1907–1962). American chemist
Wigner, Eugene P. (1902–1995). Hungarian-American physicist; Nobel laureate (1963)
Wilkins, Maurice (1916–2004). British biophysicist; Nobel laureate (1962)
Wilson, Robert W. (1936–). American physicist; Nobel laureate (1978)
Wöhler, Friedrich (1800–1882). German chemist
Woodward, Robert B. (1917–1979). American chemist; Nobel laureate (1965)
Wul’ff, Fanny D.; Alexei Abrikosov’s mother
Yakir, Petr I. (1923–1982). Soviet human rights activist
Yeltsin, Boris N. (1931–2007). President of Russia (1991–1999)
Zababakhin, Evgenii I. (1917–1984). Soviet physicist; director of Chelyabinsk-70
Zaikin, Albert N. (1935–). Soviet biophysicist
Zaks, Yulia B. (1937–). Soviet chemist; was fired from her job for expressing sympathy with persecuted human rights activists; in 1976 immigrated to the United States
Zamsha, Olga I. (1915–). Soviet physicist; Vitaly Ginzburg’s first wife
Zavaritskii, Nikolai V. (1925–1997). Soviet physicist
Zavoiskii, Evgenii K. (1907–1976). Soviet physicist; inventor of the electron paramagnetic resonance technique
Zeeman, Pieter (1865–1943). Dutch physicist; Nobel laureate (1902)
Zeldovich, Anna P. (1892–1975). Translator, writer; Ya. B. Zeldovich’s mother
Zeldovich, Boris N. (1888–1943). Soviet lawyer; Ya. B. Zeldovich’s father
Zeldovich, Boris Ya. (1944–). Soviet-American physicist; Ya. B. Zeldovich’s son
Zeldovich, Olga Ya. (1938–). Soviet physicist; Ya. B. Zeldovich’s daughter
Zeldovich,* Yakov B. (1914–1987). Soviet physicist
Zelinsky, Nikolai D. (1861–1953). Russian-Soviet chemist
Zhabotinsky,* Anatol M. (1938–2008). Soviet-American biophysicist
Zhabotinsky, Mark E. (1917–2003?). Soviet physicist; A. M. Zhabotinsky’s father
Zhdanov, Andrei A. (1896–1948). Soviet Communist Party leader
Zorky, Petr (1933–2005). Soviet crystallographer