Asterisks indicate the names of the fourteen principal heroes of the book and the pages of their respective chapters are given in bold. Academy refers to the Soviet Academy of Sciences and MSU to Moscow State University.
100-megaton charge, 77
1917 revolutions, 12, 121, 252
1948 meeting of the agricultural academy, 2
1984 (Orwell), 283
ABM. See antiballistic missile
Abrikosov vortex lattice, 178–180
Abrikosov, Alexei I., 167, 171, 172
Abrikosov, Dmitrii I., 168
Abrikosov,* Alexei A., 166–181
and Landau, 127, 166, 167, 173, 178–180
and Nobel Prize, 159, 161, 171, 175
at Kapitza’s institute, 166, 168, 178
at Landau Institute, 170
politics of, 167, 171–175, 181
research output of, 170, 175–179
Academic Assistance Council, 113
accident, Landau’s, 41, 49, 134, 135, 140, 170, 259
activated complex, theory of, 205, 206
agricultural science, 3, 153, 239, 269, 273, 274, 285
Aleksandrov, Anatoly P., 82, 86, 168, 201, 227
Alekseevskii, Nikolai E., 127
Alikhanov, Abraham I., 27, 29, 129
Alikhanov, Gevork, 81
Alikhanyan, Artem, 120
Allen, J. F., 108
Alone Together (Bonner), 86
Alsos mission, 217
American Physical Society (APS), 86, 89
Amiton, Ilya P., 250
Andreiev, Nikolai N., 27
Andrianov, Kuzma A., 279
Andropov, Yurii V., 85, 105, 117
antiballistic missiles (ABM), 80, 89
anti-science measures, 2, 219, 280
anti-Semitism
in current Russia, 227
in czarist Russia, 25
in post-Stalin Soviet Union, 2, 3, 51, 61, 260, 261
in post-war terror, 2, 43, 49, 50, 61, 112, 113, 152, 155, 220, 239, 260, 261
Nesmeyanov on, 278
Sakharov on, 3, 61, 68, 81, 220
Semenov on, 202
Stalin’s, 43, 151, 155, 172, 219
antisymmetry, xii
APS. See American Physical Society
Argonne National Laboratory, 174
Arkhipov, R. G., 166
arms race, 78, 80, 86, 173, 226, 230
Aronov, Yurii E., 279
Arrhenius, Svante, 195
artificial (synthetic) food, 269, 285
Artsimovich, Lev A., 29, 44, 135, 217
Arzamas, the town, 7, 222, 227, 228
Arzamas-16, 16, 17, 47, 65, 69, 70, 72, 155, 211, 217, 218, 223, 224, 228
Altshuler at, 220
in post-cold-war time, 226
Khariton at, 5, 50, 71, 211, 217–228, 231
naming of, 227
patriotism at, 17
physics at, 17
Sakharov at, 44, 52, 65, 68, 71, 75, 79, 80, 89
Tsukerman at, 220
Zeldovich at, 36, 40, 43, 44, 49, 50, 52, 68, 69, 79
Ashkhabad, Turkmenistan, 6, 60
astrophysics, 22, 35, 53, 55, 79, 86, 153, 162
Beria and, 43, 111, 112, 153, 219
boosted version of, 18, 43, 224
espionage for, 4, 18, 67, 111, 128, 215, 219, 224, 219, 229
German project for, 156, 157, 217, 218, 229
hydrogen bomb and, 67
Kapitza and, 111, 112, 114, 115, 129
Khariton and, 128, 197, 215, 217
Kurchatov and, 111, 112, 128, 197
Leipunski and, 43
Stalin and, 48, 67, 111, 129, 157, 219, 292
Zeldovich and, 36, 43, 44, 49, 68, 197
atomic energy, 20, 31, 32, 207, 225
Atomic Energy Commission (US), 65, 229
August 12, 1953 (Soviet hydrogen bomb test), 70, 156, 224
August 29, 1949 (Soviet atomic device test), 67, 219, 223
Balandin, A. A., 195
Baldwin, Stanley, 99
Balfour, Arthur, 98
Bárány, Anders, 26
Bardeen Prize, 170
Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, 177
Barton, Derek, 200
baryon asymmetry, 79
Bauman, Karl I., 106
BCS. See Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer
Bednorz, J. Georg, 160
Bell Laboratories (Bell Labs), 53
analogies for his reaction, 241, 242
antecedents of his discovery, 235, 236
fate of discovery of, 236, 238, 246
significance of his discovery, 233–235, 249
Belousov-Zhabotinsky reactions, 234, 235, 245, 249
Bergius, Friedrich, 161
Beria, Lavrentii P.
and Khariton, 219
and Sakharov, 69
as chief of secret police, 2, 31, 110, 127, 168, 230
in charge of nuclear project, 31, 43, 110–112, 153, 219, 220, 224
Bessarabia (Moldova), 252
Big Bomb (Czar Bomb), 77
Biofizika, 244
biological consequences of testing, 3, 75, 76
biological processes, 194, 245, 255
biological structures, 19, 135, 207, 208
biologists, 1, 19, 75, 76, 152, 201, 238, 274
biology
helped by Nesmeyanov, 76, 274, 275
of future by Semenov, 207, 208
under attack, 2, 3, 219, 239, 273, 280, 292
salvaged by physicists, 3, 19, 20, 75, 107, 239, 240, 274
biophysics, 205, 239–241, 244, 245, 253
bismuth crystal, 101, 102, 125
Blumenfeld, Lev A., 205, 239, 240, 243
Bochvar, Dmitrii A., 286
Bohr, Niels, 13, 14, 86, 103, 108, 119, 121, 132, 135, 181
Bokii, Georgii B., 277
Bonhoeffer, Karl F., 236
Bonner, Elena (Lusia), 81–83, 86, 87, 89, 90
Boreisha, Maria, 188
Born, Max, 103
Bosch, Carl, 161
Botanical Journal, 275
Botvinnik, Maria M., 278
Bourbaki, Nicolas, 47
boycott of Moscow Olympics, 85
branched chain reactions, 185, 191–196, 211, 212, 214, 215, 289. See also chain reactions and nuclear chain reactions
Brandeis University, 233, 234, 247–249
Brezhnev, Leonid I., 85, 105, 201, 227
Bronshtein, Matvei P., 14, 39, 120, 195
buckminsterfullerene, 286, 287
Bukatin, Michael (Mikhael) A., 246
Bukatina, Anna E., 242
Bukharin, Nikolai I., 63
Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, 215, 228
Bunin, I. A., 202
Burovskaya, Mirra Ya., 211
Burtseva (Semenova), Natalia N., 188, 204
Bush, George W., 174
Butlerov, Aleksander M., 283
California Institute of Technology (Caltech), 55, 253
Cambridge, England
and Nesmeyanov, 273
discovery of superfluidity in, 108, 135
Ginzburg in, 158
helping detained Kapitza, 105
Kapitza in, 94, 95, 97–100, 102, 104, 214, 217
Kapitza’s son in, 291
Khariton in, 38, 190, 214, 217, 231
refugees in, 112
cancer research, 76, 241, 243, 245, 246
carbon dioxide, 225
carbon-14, 76
Cavendish Laboratory, 97–99, 106, 190, 211, 214, 219, 221, 231
cemeteries, xi, xii, 10, 23, 32, 37, 81, 90, 133, 143, 144, 187, 205, 206, 211, 227, 230, 251, 291
Central Committee of the Communist Party, 29, 197, 199, 203
cesium-137, 76
Chain Reactions (Semenov), 193
chain reactions, 41, 190, 191, 194, 196, 225. See also branched chain reactions and nuclear chain reactions
Challenger, space shuttle, 220
chemical bonding, 186
chemical reactions, 30, 192, 202, 206, 208, 214, 216, 233, 244
chemical waves, 245
Chemistry Division of the Academy, 25, 276, 280, 281
Cherenkov Effect, 11, 18, 25–27, 108, 149, 150
Cherenkov, Pavel A., 23, 25–27, 149
Chernenko, Konstantin U., 85
Chernomyrdin, Viktor, 208
Chernosvitova, Nadezhda, 96
Chernyakhovskaya, Inna Yu., 46
Chernyshev, Alexei K., 225
Chirkov, Nikolai M., 189
Choibalsan, Khorloogiin, 168
Chu, Steven, 161
Cockcroft, John D., 102
Cohen-Tannoudji, Claude, 161
cold model of the universe, 53, 55
collapse of the Soviet Union, 45, 59, 91, 128, 173, 291
combination scattering, 27, 148. See also Raman scattering
Committee of State Security (KGB), 85, 86, 117, 122, 174
communist ideology, xi, 143, 280
Communist Party, 1, 4, 12, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 44, 77, 142, 199, 203, 290
comparisons of scientists
Fermi and Szilard, 56
Fermi and Zeldovich, 56
Kapitza and Khariton, 217
Kapitza and Semenov, 200, 201, 217
Khariton and Lawrence, 221
Khariton and Oppenheimer, 211, 219, 226
Sakharov and Teller, 66, 67, 75, 87–89
Sakharov and Zeldovich, 50, 52, 55, 56, 68, 69, 79
compartmentalization, 16
complementarity of shapes, 254, 255, 257
Conan Doyle, Arthur, 271
Cooper, Leon, 176
cooperative effects, 194
cosmology, 22, 35, 53, 55, 79, 80, 120, 142
cosmopolitanism, cosmopolites, 43, 61, 120, 152, 195, 196, 239
Council of Ministers, 70, 73, 74, 107
councils, scientific, 197, 198
Course of Theoretical Physics (Landau-Lifshits), 119, 124, 133, 139–141
creativity, 36, 162, 246, 289, 292, 293
Crick, Francis, 135
crystallography, 251, 253, 254, 257, 264
crystals, 18, 101, 102, 125, 142, 177, 251, 254, 253–262, 265, 276
cybernetics, 3, 205, 219, 273, 292
Czar Bomb. See Big Bomb
Dalyell, Tam (Lord Dalyell), 231
Daughters of the American Revolution, 75
de Broglie, Louis, 132
de Kruif, Paul, 60
Democritus, 265
De rerum natura (Lucretius), 257
debate about the hydrogen bomb in US, 65, 66, 157
debates, 1, 28, 48, 124, 148, 151, 255, 266, 277, 283, 284
Delbrück, Max, 255
Dirac, Paul A. M., 13, 14, 98, 102, 132, 138–140, 215
discoveries, 45, 60, 67, 73, 120, 132, 162, 178
by Khariton and Valta, 213
by Landau, 131
by Wöhler, 208
in low-temperature physics, 95, 108
of biological nature, 20
of branched chain reactions, 185, 190, 192, 193, 195, 201, 211, 212, 214, 289
of buckminsterfullerene, 286, 287
of chemical nature, 5
of Cherenkov effect, 18, 25, 27, 149
of combination scattering, 27, 148, 160, 161. See also Raman scattering
of critical mass, 192
of EPR, 27
of genetic code, 259
of heavy water, 215
of Kapitza Jump, 109
of nuclear chain reactions, 192, 215
of nuclear fission, 41, 192, 196, 211, 215, 216, 229
of oscillating reactions, 233–238, 245, 249
of oxygen liquefaction, 112
of principles of molecular packing, 257, 264
of radiation implosion, 67
of Raman scattering, 148, 160, 161. See also combination scattering
of superconductivity, 154, 160, 167, 175–179
of superfluidity, 108, 109, 128, 135, 154
of uranium ores, 38
of X-rays, 186
dissident activities, 59, 80, 81, 158, 279
Doklady Akademii Nauk, 108, 149, 177, 244, 286
Doroshkevich, A. G., 53
Drell, Sidney D., 82
Drobantseva, Konkordia (Kora), 133
Dyatkina, M. E., 281, 283, 284
Dzyaloshinskii, I. E., 166
ecological catastrophe, 81, 225
Ehrenfest, Paul, 13, 32, 113, 120, 187
Einstein, Albert, 13, 22, 86, 108, 121, 132, 142, 156
Eitington, Max, 211
Ekonomicheskaya Gazeta, 30, 31
elections to the Academy, 4, 21, 29, 32, 71, 129, 130, 202
electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), 27, 240
elementary particles, 21, 55, 62, 137, 207
element-organic compounds, 255, 256, 271, 285
Elements of Applied Mathematics and Elements of Mathematical Physics (Zeldovich and Myshkis), 51
elite of society, 7, 36, 46, 110, 261
Elizavetgrad. See Kirovograd
Elsasser, Walter M., 13
Eltenton, George, 215
Encyclopedia Sovietica, 120
Energetics Institute, Moscow, 61
energy production in the stars, 63
Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology (Institute of Radiation and Physical-Chemical Biology), 274, 275
Engelhardt, Vladimir A., 5, 32, 274, 275
Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, 43
EPR. See electron paramagnetic resonance
Epstein, Irving R., 234, 247, 248
Erlander, Tage F., 203
Ermakova, Nina I., 152
Escher, Maurice C., 257
espionage, 4, 67, 111, 112, 128, 224, 229
ETH. See Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich
evacuation to Kazan, 21, 70, 107, 119, 196, 197
Belousov, 237
Kapitza, 104, 106, 113, 114, 168–170,
Khariton, Boris, 212
Lenin, 237
Sakharov, 52, 59, 74, 78, 83–87, 117, 158, 289, 291
Solzhenitsyn, 81
expanding universe, 22, 53, 79, 142
Experiment, Theory, Practice (Kapitza), 117
explosions
Big Bang, 53
industrial, 14
mechanical, 100
nuclear, 19, 48, 63, 70, 75, 129, 192, 196, 219
population, 81
thermonuclear, 62, 63, 73, 76–78, 224–226
traditional, 128, 197, 215, 216
traditional, 128, 129, 192, 196, 198, 215–217
extreme conditions, 79, 154, 208
Eyring, Henry, 205
Faculty of Biology of MSU, 274
Faculty of Chemistry of MSU, 260, 274, 284
Faculty of Physics of MSU, 38, 45, 60, 147, 148, 205, 239, 240, 246, 253
Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich (ETH), 237
Fedorov, E. K., 30
Fermi, Enrico, 56, 63, 66, 101, 131, 132, 225, 229
Fersman, Aleksandr E., 38
Feynman, Richard, 179, 180, 220
FIAN (Lebedev Physical Institute of the Academy), 84, 123, 150, 152, 154, 158
Ginzburg at, 65, 86, 146, 150, 154, 155, 162, 163, 170
Tamm at, 15, 16, 20, 32, 44, 61, 62, 65, 150, 154
Sakharov at, 44, 61, 62, 81, 83, 86, 87, 154
Zeldovich, Boris at, 84
Zhabotinsky, Mark at, 239
Fifth International Biochemistry Congress, Moscow 1961, 275
First Circle (Solzhenitsyn), 31
First Three Minutes, The (Weinberg), 52
Fizika nashikh dnei (Khvolson), 147
Florida State University, 170
Fock, Vladimir A., 14, 26, 31, 95, 108, 149, 195
Fomin, P. F., 78
Frank, Ilya M., 18, 24–27, 149, 161
Frank-Kamenetsky, David A., 220, 245
Fredga, Arne, 203
Freidlina, Rakhil Kh., 278, 279, 281
Frenkel, Yakov I., 14, 37, 60, 61
Friedman, Aleksandr A., 53, 120, 187, 212
friendships
Kapitza, 97, 99, 200, 214, 217
Kitaigorodsky, 259
Landau, 120, 121, 124, 126, 140, 176, 259
Lifshits, 140
Nesmeyanov, 28
Sakharov, 46
Frumkin Institute of Electrochemistry, 39, 244
Frumkin, Aleksandr N., 39, 46, 195, 244
Fuller, R. Buckminster, 287
fundamental particles, 18, 62, 80
fusion reactions, 18, 43, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 162, 224
GAC. See General Advisory Committee
Gambaryan, Natalya P., 278
Gamow, George (Georgii A.), 19, 53, 55, 63, 101–103, 120, 215
Gavrilov, Nikolai I., 278
General Advisory Committee (GAC), 65, 66
General Assembly of the Academy, 28, 29, 71
genetics, 19, 68, 75, 76, 107, 205, 240, 273, 275
German atomic bomb project, 217, 218
German attack on the Soviet Union (June 22, 1941), 17, 197, 253
German Uranium Project, 156
Gilbert, Walter, 36
Gill, Eric, 99
Ginzburg, Irina V., 152
Ginzburg, Nina I. See Ermakova, Nina I.
and Landau, 145, 150, 151, 159, 160
and Nobel Prize, 25, 157, 159–162, 171, 180
and Tamm, 32, 145, 150, 151, 159
in Academy matters, 22, 142, 170
in weapons program, 16, 65, 66, 122, 130, 154–156
politics of, 145, 146, 151–153, 156, 157
prognosticating by, 145, 162, 164
Ginzburg-Landau theory (Ψ-theory), 157, 159, 176, 177
Glashow, Sheldon, 25
global warming, 225
Goldanskii, Vitalii I., 205
Gomberg, Moses, 11
Gorbachev, Mikhail S., 21, 59, 75, 87, 172, 291
Gorelik, Gennady E., 78
Gorkov, Lev P., 159, 161, 170, 171, 177, 178
Gorky (Nizhnii Novgorod), 6–8, 52, 74, 78, 83–85, 87, 117, 152, 153, 158, 291
Gorky, Maxim, 24
Gorobets, Boris S., 56, 109, 133
Gorskaya, Natalia V., 250
grapho-phobia, 124, 125, 133, 259
graves
Bonner’s, 90
Cherenkov’s, 23
Ginzburg’s, 144
Ioffe’s, 187
Khrushchev’s, xii
on Red Square, xi
Sakharov’s, 90
Great October Socialist Revolution, 12
Great Patriotic War, 17, 65, 151, 289
Great Purge, 36, 124, 237, 239
Griboyedov ship, 158
Groves, Leslie R., 219
Gulag, 212, 228n, 251, 251n, 289, 293
Gurevich, I. I., 43
Hartree, Douglas, 108
Hartree-Fock method, 108
Hecker, Siegfried S., 230
Heisenberg, Werner, 120, 132, 135, 156, 229, 282
Heitler, Walter, 282
helium, liquid, 102, 108, 109, 128, 134, 135, 177, 180
Herald of the Russian Academy of Science, 161
High Pressure Physics Institute, 170, 172, 174
Higher Mathematics for Beginners (Zeldovich), 51
Hinshelwood, Cyril Norman, 202
Hiroshima bomb, 18
history, versions of, 110, 111, 229
Hitler, Adolf, 17, 157, 218, 135
Hulthén, Lamek, 26
human rights, 52, 55, 56, 59, 81–83, 85, 86, 88, 279
Hungarian Revolution (October 23, 1956), 122, 204
Hut of Physical Problems, 113
hydrogen bomb, xii, 18, 62, 156, 273. See also thermonuclear bomb
and ideology, 2
first Soviet, 16, 18, 21, 68, 70, 71, 156, 224, 229
Ginzburg working for, 145, 154–156
hazards of testing of, 76
Landau working for, 130
Leontovich working for, 31
Sakharov working for, 36, 44, 59, 63, 67
Tamm working for, 16, 44, 68, 155
with radiation implosion, 36, 66, 72
Zeldovich working for, 36, 43, 44
ideas for the hydrogen bomb
third, 36, 66, 67, 70, 155, 224
ideology and physics, 2, 3, 22, 142, 148, 152, 153, 215, 292
IFP. See Institute of Physical Problems.
INEOS. See Institute of Element-Organic Compounds
Ingelstam, Erik, 26
Institute of Applied Mathematics, 52
Institute of Atomic Energy, 19, 62, 72, 76, 227
Institute of Biological Tests of Chemical Compounds, 245, 248
Institute of Biophysics, 244, 245
Institute of Chemical Physics, 38, 43, 46, 129, 185, 192, 239
Institute of Chemical Technology, Kharkov, 139
Institute of Crystallography, 45, 46, 114
Institute of Element-Organic Compounds (Nesmeyanov Institute), 255, 256, 271, 276, 279
Institute of Experimental Medicine, 253
Institute of Fertilizers and Insect-fungicides, 271
Institute of Genetics, 76, 275
Institute of Leather, 139
Institute of Mechanical Processing of Mineral Resources, 38
Institute of Morphology, 171, 172
Institute of Natural Products Chemistry. See Shemyakin Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry
Institute of Organic Chemistry (Zelinsky Institute), 253, 254, 256, 258, 271, 273, 277, 279
Institute of Philosophy, 282
Institute of Physical Problems (IFP)
Kapitza and, 40, 99, 105, 112–116, 200
Landau at, 40, 119, 123, 124, 139, 166
Khariton and, 216
Kitaigorodskii and, 255
naming of, 104
seminars at, 216
Institute of Physical Technology, Leningrad, 38, 97, 120, 186, 188, 192, 195, 214, 215, 227
Institute of Physical Technology, Moscow, 113, 245
Institute of Radiation and Physical-Chemical Biology. See Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology
Institute of Semiconductors, 186
Institute of the Physics of Earth, 168
intelligentsia, xii, 3, 60, 68, 146, 252, 290
interior ministry (NKVD), 109, 110, 121, 125–129, 217
Ioffe Institute. See Leningrad Institute of Physical Technology
Ipatev, Vladimir N., 161
Iron Curtain, 289
Ivanenko, Dmitrii D., 14, 30, 120, 153
Ivanitskii, Genrikh R., 247
Izvestiya, 121
Jahn-Teller effect, 121
JETP. See Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics
Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, 49, 113
Jews
identity of, 49, 122, 146, 167, 242, 252, 261, 262
in employment, 3, 49, 103, 167, 172, 279
in higher education, 2, 3, 146, 212, 246, 252, 261
in nuclear program, 43, 69, 72, 220
scientists, 2, 17, 61, 152, 292
John Paul II, 54
Jordan, Pascual, 255
Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics (JETP), 21, 119
Journal of Physics (USSR), 255
Journal of the Russian Physical-Chemical Society, 96, 141
June 22, 1941. See German attack on the Soviet Union
Kabachnik, Martin I., 279, 281
Kabalkina, Sarra S., 260
Kamerlingh-Onnes, Heike, 175
Kanegiesser, Evgeniya, 120
Kapitza Club (Kapitza’s seminars), 97, 98, 107, 216
Kapitza Jump, 109
Kapitza, Andrei P., 99
and Khariton, 116, 200, 214, 216, 217
and Landau, 5, 109–111, 119, 122, 124–129, 135, 136
and Rutherford, 97–101, 105, 106
and Semenov, 97, 200, 203, 205, 206, 214
and Shoenberg, 100, 101, 124–126
and Soviet authorities, 98, 102, 103, 105, 111, 112, 115
and Stalin, 103, 105, 106, 110, 112–115, 200
at Cavendish Laboratory, 97–101
demeanor of, 82, 95, 100, 102, 107, 112, 113, 117, 200, 290
research output of, 102, 107, 108, 113, 114
Kargin, Valentin A., 198
Katyushas. See powder-charged rockets
Kazan, 6, 42, 46, 111, 119, 150, 152, 196, 197, 254, 277
Kedrov, Bonifatii M., 282
Keldysh, Leonid V., 142
Keldysh, Mystislav V., 52
Kendrew, John, 135
Kennedy, John F., 74
KGB. See Committee of State Security
Khalatnikov, Isaak M., 127, 143, 166, 178
Khariton criteria, 217
Khariton Version, The (article by Khariton and Smirnov), 229
Khariton, Boris O., 212
Khariton, Tatyana Yu., 227, 230
and Kapitza, 116, 200, 214, 216, 217
and Semenov, 193, 194, 199, 200, 205, 212
and Zeldovich, 41, 46, 197, 199
at Arzamas-16, 211, 218–222, 224–226
at Semenov’s institute, 39–41, 188, 189, 192
at Cavendish Laboratory, 38, 190, 214
demeanor of, 220, 221, 223, 225–231
family of, 211, 212, 214, 227, 229
in the nuclear program, 5, 43, 111, 128, 196, 197, 215–226
phosphorus luminescence, study of, by, 5, 189, 190, 211–215
Kharkov, 6, 13, 109, 119, 122–124, 133, 176, 215
Khimicheskaya Fizika, 198
Khrushchev, Nikita S.
and Lysenko (agriculture) 3, 19, 32, 76, 239, 274, 275, 290
and Nesmeyanov, 269, 274–276, 284
and nuclear weapons, 73–75, 77, 130
and polymer science, 199
and Sakharov, 73–75, 77, 78, 290
secret speech of, 20, 223, 290
Kiev, 6, 15, 51, 158, 212, 252
Kinetika i kataliz, 238
Kirovograd (Elizavetgrad), 6, 11, 12, 15
Kitaigorodskii, Isaak, 251, 252
Kitaigorodskii,* Aleksandr I., 250–266
and Nesmeyanov, 254, 256, 258, 263
demeanor of, 259, 260, 264, 265
molecular packing, study of, by, 154–258
Klein, Oskar, 13
Kochetkov, Nikolai K., 273
Kolmogorov, Andrei N., 195
Kolyma, 46
Komsomol (communist youth organization), 60, 147, 171
Kondratev, Viktor N., 26, 188, 192, 204
Konstantinov, Boris P., 45
Konstantinova, Varvara P., 45
Korean War, 48
Korshak, Vasilii V., 279
Koshland, Daniel E., Jr., 91
Kovalev, Sergei, 201
Krasin, Viktor, 279
Krebs cycle, 237
Krinskaya, Albina, 245
Krinskii, Valentin I., 247
Krylov, Aleksey N., 98
Krylova, Anna A. See Kapitza, Anna A.
Kuibyshev. See Samara
Kuntsevskoe Cemetery, 143
Kurchatov, Igor V.
and Academy elections, 44, 71, 129, 130
and nuclear project, 4, 19, 42, 62, 112, 128, 197, 215, 218, 219
as nuclear czar, xi, 75, 77, 111, 216, 219
receiving intelligence, 4, 111, 128
Kurlandia (Latvia), 252
Kursanov, Dmitrii N., 279
Laboratory of Crystal Chemistry, 261
Lake Baikal, 80
Landau (née Harkavi), Lyubov V., 119
Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics, 143, 170, 175, 178
Landau, David L., 119
Academy membership, 41, 44, 129, 130
and Abrikosov, 131, 167, 173, 178–180
and Ginzburg, 145, 150, 151, 157, 159, 160
and Kapitza, 95, 109, 110, 113, 124, 125, 127, 128, 135, 136
and Kitaigorodskii, 259
and Lifshits, 118, 124, 133, 137, 138
at Kapitza’s institute, 40, 109, 112, 119, 123, 124, 129, 166, 178
character of, 41, 109, 120, 122, 127, 130, 132, 133, 151, 158
friends of, 120, 121, 124, 125, 134, 176
impact of, 40, 109, 112, 119, 131, 166, 178
in the nuclear project, 128–130, 134, 157
incarceration of, 5, 14, 109, 110, 125–127, 289
and Nobel Prize, 27, 108, 134–136
politics of, 22, 25, 29, 120–122, 124, 125
pupils of, 40, 62, 119, 123, 124, 131, 145, 167, 179
research output by, 121, 125, 128, 131, 134, 137
seminars of, 150, 162, 178, 179
teorminimum exam by, 40, 123, 124, 151, 178
Landsberg, Grigory S., 27, 32, 46, 148, 149, 160, 161
laser cooling of atoms, 162
Lavrentiev, Mikhail A., 24, 70, 116
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. See Livermore
layered-cake design (sloika), 66, 224
Lebedev Physical Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. See FIAN
Lebedev, Petr N., 146
Leggett, Anthony J., 159, 160, 171
Leipunskii, Aleksandr I., 188
Leipunskii, Ovsei I., 43
Lenin Hills (Sparrow Hills), 272
Lenin Prize, 141, 161, 170, 233, 234, 246, 247, 249
Lenin, Vladimir I., 12, 105, 121, 122, 148, 171, 188, 237, 289
Leningrad Institute of Physical Technology (Ioffe Institute), 38, 120, 186
Leningrad Institute of Physics, 63
Leningrad Institute of Technology, 61
Leningrad University, 20, 38, 119
Leo Szilard Lectureship, 86
Leontovich, Mikhail A., 21, 29, 31, 135, 239
Letokhov, Vladilen S., 162
Levi, Saul, 148
Levi-Montalcini, Rita, 293
Liberman (also, Liberman-Smith), Marina, 84
lidochka. See lithium(6) deuteride
Lifshits (née Mazel’), Berta, 138
Lifshits,* Evgenii M., 118–143
at Kapitza’s institute, 139
devotion to Landau, 140
editor of JETP, 141
family of, 138
in the nuclear program, 129
research output of, 142
Limitation of Antiballistic Missile Systems, Treaty on the, 80
Liszt, Franz (Ferenc), 11
Literaturnaya Gazeta, 152, 153, 266
lithium(6) deuteride (lidochka), 66, 70, 155, 224
Livanova, Anna, 239
Liverovskii, Alexei, 188
living organisms (matter), 76, 207
Lomonosov Gold Medal, 225
London, Fritz W., 282
Los Alamos, 67, 72, 211, 226, 230
Los Alamos National Laboratory. See Los Alamos
Lucretius, 257
luminescence, 189, 190, 212, 213, 235
Luzhkov, Yury M., 208
Luzin, Nikolai N., 95, 106, 107
Lvov, V. E., 282
Lysenko, Trofim D.
and Khrushchev, 2, 32, 76, 238, 274, 275
attacks modern biology, 2, 19, 68, 76
reigns, 75, 152, 238, 275, 290
MacGillavry, Carolina H., 257
MAD. See mutually assured destruction
Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor (MTR), 63
Malenkov, Georgii M., 70, 105, 114, 115, 240, 272
Malevich, Kazimir, 289
Malyshev, Vyacheslav, 70
Mamedov, Khudu, 257
Mandelshtam, Leonid I., 15, 27, 32, 96, 148
Mandelshtam-Tamm School, 145
Mandelshtam, Osip, 293
Manhattan Project, 63, 111, 215, 216, 219
Mansfield, Peter, 160
Marxism-Leninism, 22, 30, 60, 133, 148
mathematics-physics division of the Academy, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 29, 44
Mechanics (Landau-Pyatigorskii), 124, 139
Mechnikov, Ilya (Élie), 202
Meitner, Lise, 229
Memoirs (Sakharov), 3, 66, 78, 82, 86, 90
Mendel, Gregor, 282
Mendeleev, Dmitrii I., 24
Mendelian genetics, 68
mercury-organic compounds, 258, 271, 282
Mezhlauk, Valery I., 103
Microbe Hunters (de Kruif), 60
Migdal, Alexander, 175
Ministry of Medium Machine Building, 49, 70, 72, 223, 273
Misener, A. D., 108
modeling, 20, 43, 53, 55, 86, 244, 245, 257, 258, 260, 281
Mokhov, Viktor N., 225
molecular interactions, 142, 255
molecular shapes and sizes (molecular structure), 254, 257, 260, 283, 287
Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 105, 107, 109, 110
Mond Laboratory, 99–101, 105, 106
Mond, Ludwig, 99
Monroe, Marilyn, 132
moratorium on testing, 40, 73, 77
MTR. See Magnetic Thermonuclear Reactor
Müller, K. Alexander, 160
mutations, 75
mutually assured destruction (MAD), 156
Nametkin, Sergey S., 272
national defense, 17, 22, 31, 194
Nature, 108, 109, 234, 245, 249
Nature of the Chemical Bond, The (Pauling), 281
Nauka i Zhizn, 201
Nazi Germany, 17, 65, 103, 156, 196
Nazis, 15n, 16, 91, 102, 121, 212, 214, 289
Neizvestny, Ernst I., xii, 136
Nemchinov, V. S., 153
Nernst, Walther, 191
Nesmeyanov Institute. See Institute of Element-Organic Compounds
Nesmeyanov, Vasilii N., 277
Nesmeyanov,* Aleksandr N., 268–287
and Stalin, 273
as director of institutes, 254, 256, 263, 271, 277–280
as president of the Academy, 21, 28, 196, 258, 269, 272, 276, 280
as rector of university, 114, 272
deviating from party line, 22, 76, 274, 275, 277, 278
in the resonance debate, 281–283
personal traits of, 269, 277–280
protecting subordinates, 258, 278
research output of, 268, 276, 277, 285–287
networks of institutes, 122, 185
Neumann, John von, 67, 229, 290
neutron
for bombarding uranium, 41, 42, 196
in building up the universe, 79, 153
in nuclear reactions, 62, 63, 65, 76, 155, 196
production of slow neutrons, 216
Nixon, Richard M., 82
Nizhnii Novgorod (Gorky), 6, 7, 83, 152, 218
NKVD. See interior ministry
Nobel banquet, 3, 20, 135, 204
Nobel Committee for Physics, 25–27, 134, 135
Nobel Committee for Chemistry, 203
Nobel lectures, 53, 82, 108, 136, 148, 159, 162, 175, 176, 180
Nobel Peace Prize, 52, 59, 82, 135, 204
Nobel Prize, xii, 2, 20, 24–27, 45, 135, 149, 159, 160, 202, 203
Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 24, 135, 161, 202, 287
for Semenov, 24, 185, 197, 199, 202–204
Nobel Prize in Literature, 27, 31, 81, 135, 202, 290
Nobel Prize in Physics, 27, 45, 108, 149, 159, 160, 170
for Abrikosov, 161, 167, 174, 175, 180
for Ginzburg, 145, 157, 159, 161, 180
for Kapitza, 95, 108, 111, 200
for Landau, 108, 128, 134, 135, 159
for Tamm, 11, 18, 19, 20, 24, 27
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, 135, 202
Nobel, Alfred, 45
nonlinear chemical dynamics, 233, 249
Novikov, Igor D., 53
Cherenkov, 23
Ginzburg, 144
Kitaigorodskii, 251
Landau, 133
Semenov, 206
Zeldovich, 37
nuclear chain reactions, 42, 129, 192, 196, 197, 215, 216. See also branched chain reactions and chain reactions
nuclear fusion, 18, 43, 62, 63, 65, 66, 70, 162, 224
nuclear reactors underground, 88
nuclear explosions underground, 19, 32
nuclear testing, 3, 40, 48, 73–77, 205, 226, 290
Nuzhdin, Nikolai I., 32
October 23, 1956. See Hungarian Revolution
Ondra, Annie, 132
Oparin, Aleksander I., 203
Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 65, 120, 211, 215, 216, 219, 226, 229
Orbán, Miklós, 248
organic crystals, 254–256, 259, 260, 262, 264, 265
Orwell, George, 283
Osawa, Eiji, 287
oscillating reactions, 233, 235–239, 241, 243–245, 249
Ovchinnikova (née Zeldovich), Marina Ya., 37, 49
oxidation of phosphorus, 189–192, 202, 212, 213, 235, 236
Panofsky, Wolfgang, 82
Pasternak, Boris, 27, 37, 264, 290, 293
Pauli, Wolfgang, 26, 32, 132, 135
Pauling, Linus, 101, 253, 255, 281, 282, 284
Pavlov, Nikolai I., 75
Peebles, P. J. E., 55
Peierls, Rudolf E., 30, 120, 126
perestroika, 172
perks and privileges, 80, 83, 143, 153, 175, 231, 292, 293
perpetuum mobile, 238
Perutz, Max F., 135
Peter the Great, 276
Petrovskii, Ivan G., 239
Phillips, William D., 161
philosophers, 30, 31, 117, 120, 148, 201, 257, 259, 280, 282, 292
philosophy, 3, 30, 133, 181, 200, 220, 282, 283
phosphorus oxidation. See oxidation of phosphorus
Physical Institute of the Soviet Academy of Sciences. See FIAN
Physical Review, 178
Physics for Everyone (Landau-Kitaigorodskii), 259
Pitaevskii, L. P., 166
poems
Akhmatova, 37
Gorobets, 57
Kanegiesser, 120
Samoilov, 138
Mandelshtam, 293
Politburo of the Communist Party, 32, 240, 273, 275, 276
polymer science and industry, 198, 199
Pomeranchuk, Isaak Ya., 43, 62, 124
popular science, 20, 60, 259, 291
powder-charged rockets (Katyushas), 42
Pravda, 107, 117, 168, 175, 201, 275
president of the Academy, 21, 24, 28, 113, 203, 284
Priroda, 52
Proceedings of the Royal Society, 126
Pushchino, 7, 232, 244, 245, 248
Putin, Vladimir V., 174
Pyatigorskii, Leonid M., 123, 124, 139
quantum chemistry, 108, 205, 243, 282, 285
quantum mechanics, 2, 31, 60, 61, 148, 149, 226, 255, 283, 292
Rabi, Isidor I., 66
radiation, protection from, 237, 246
radioactive contamination, 76, 225
Raman scattering (spectroscopy), 27, 148, 160. See also combination scattering
Rapoport, Iosif A., 205
Razuvaev, Grigorii A., 277, 278
reaction of hydrogen and chlorine, 191
Reflections on Progress … (essay by Sakharov), 81
refugee scientists, 2, 91, 97, 112, 113, 148, 149, 219
relic radiation (remnant heat), 53, 55
resonance (in chemistry), 30, 205, 258, 280–284
responsibility of scientists, 17, 48, 49, 75, 86, 95, 156, 157
Revelations of a Russian Diplomat (Dmitrii Abrikosov), 168
Roginskii, Simon Z., 39
Romanov, Yurii A., 16
Röntgen rays. See X-rays
Röntgen, Wilhelm Conrad, 186
Royal Society (London), 99, 126, 163
Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 26, 27, 134
Rozhdestvenskii, Dmitrii S., 120
Russell, Bertrand, 86
Russian Academy of Sciences, xi, 7, 104, 145, 170, 174
Rutherford, Ernest, 97–100, 102, 105, 106, 108, 113, 214, 221
Sagdeev, Roald Z., 91
Sakharov oscillations, 84
Sakharov, Dmitrii A., 61
and Tamm, 3, 21, 31, 61, 62, 68
and Zeldovich, 39, 52, 55, 56, 68
at FIAN, 16, 44, 61, 62, 65, 81, 87, 154, 158
clashes with authorities, 73–75, 82
demeanor of, 3, 50, 56, 61, 68, 69
first idea (layered fuel) by, 66, 155, 224
for human rights, 20, 55, 59, 69
in hydrogen bomb project, 62, 65, 70, 72, 77
in nuclear program, 16, 44, 62
politics, 31, 67, 69, 80–82, 87, 91, 151
research output, 59, 62, 63, 79, 80, 84
third idea by, 36, 66, 67, 72, 155
Sakharova, Lyubov (Lyuba) A., 61
Sakharova, Tatyana (Tanya) A., 61, 84
Samara (Kuibyshev), 6, 186, 188
Samoilov, David S., 138
Schrieffer, J. Robert, 176
Schrödinger equation, 108
Schrödinger, Erwin, 13, 120, 132, 282
science education, 106, 115, 273
scientific information, 4, 269, 273
SDI. See Strategic Defense Initiative
Seaborg, Glenn T., 229
second weapons laboratory. See Chelyabinsk-70
secret police, 15, 22, 43, 44, 47, 49, 83, 109, 117, 122, 126, 174, 203. See also NKVD, KGB
Semenov, Alexey Yu., 208, 225, 227
Semenov, Yurii N., 205, 227, 230
and associates, 188, 189, 196, 212, 214, 216
and Kapitza, 97, 200, 214, 217
career of, 38, 192, 194, 197–199, 202
demeanor of, 187, 198–201, 205, 206
in the discovery of branched chain reactions, 189–193, 213, 214, 289
Semenova (Burtseva), Natalia N. See Burtseva, Natalia, 188, 204, 230
Semenova, Ludmilla N., 204, 217
Semenov’s institute. See Institute of Chemical Physics
seminars
at Institute of Chemical Physics, 38, 39
at the Zeldovich home, 51
Ginzburg’s at FIAN, 162
Kapitza Club (in Cambridge), 97
Kitaigorodskii and Obreimov’s at INEOS, 259
Landau’s at IFP, 150, 162, 178, 179
Semenov and Obreimov’s in St. Petersburg, 187
Tamm et al.’s on biology, 19, 239
Tamm’s at FIAN on physics, 61, 150
Semipalatinsk, 6, 43, 49, 70, 205, 223
Shabad, Leon M., 243
Shalnikov, Aleksandr I., 99, 104, 168, 176–178, 188, 192
Shcherbakova (Shcherbakova-Semenova), Lidia G., 200, 204, 205
Shemyakin Institute of Bio-organic Chemistry (Institute of Natural Products Chemistry), 275
Shemyakin, Mikhail M., 274, 275
Shilov, E. A., 283
Shire, Edward S., 231
Shiryaeva, O. K., 46
Shnol, Simon, 235, 237–244, 246, 248
Shoenberg, David, 95, 97, 100–102, 104, 124–126, 157
Shubin, Semyon, 14
Shubnikov, Alexey V., 114
Shunyaev, Rashid A., 54
Sidur, Vadim A., 32
Sigmund Freud, 211
Sillén, Lars Gunnar, 203
Simon, Francis, 102
Sindelevich, Asya, 252
sloika. See layered-cake design
Smirnov, Yurii N., 55, 228, 229
Smyth Report, 112
Sobko, I. D., 31
socialist nationalism, 289
Solvay meeting, 102
Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr I., 31, 81
Soviet-German nonaggression pact, 196
space program, xii, 16, 53, 173
Spinoza, Baruch, 259
St. Petersburg Institute of Technology, 96, 186
Stalin Prize, 35, 72, 111, 141, 156, 273
Stalin, Iosif V.
and Kapitza, 103, 105, 106, 109, 110, 112–115, 290, 291
and the bomb, 66, 67, 69, 128, 130, 157, 216, 219, 224, 292
anti-science measures by, 1, 108, 152, 196, 215, 280
anti-Semitism of, 2, 43, 49, 113, 152, 155, 172, 219, 239, 261, 278
as politician, 17, 48, 66, 98, 151, 237, 289
for national defense, 17, 111, 151
terrors of, 1, 2, 11, 81, 98, 124, 176, 237, 239, 277, 289
victims of, 13, 45, 49, 81, 98, 176, 239, 277
stamps, 18, 19, 23, 94, 136, 137, 207, 210, 268
Stankevich, Ivan V., 286
State Commission of Accreditation, 7, 71
State Committee of Defense (State Defense Committee), 17, 111
Steinbeck, John, 135
Stern, Otto, 97
Strassmann, Fritz, 229
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), 3, 87–90, 114, 173
stratification of Soviet society, xi
strontium-90, 76
Struchkov, Yurii T., 256, 260, 276
Structure of Matter (Frenkel), 37
structure theories in chemistry, 280, 281
superconductivity, 153, 154, 159–161, 164, 167, 169, 170, 175–178
superfluidity, 108, 109, 119, 128, 135, 153, 154, 159, 169, 180
superpowers, xi, xii, 59, 80, 85
suprematism, 289
Supreme Soviet, 70, 83, 201, 223, 226
symmetry, xii, 79, 102, 142, 249, 254, 256
symmetry breaking, 249
Syrkin, Yakov K., 281, 283, 284
Szilard, Leo, 56, 86, 91, 113, 154, 192
Tamm, Natalia V. (née Shuiskaya), 12
and Academy, 15, 21, 22, 28, 29, 44
and Ginzburg, 16, 32, 145, 149–151, 158
and Nobel Prize, 3, 20, 24–27, 159
and Sakharov, 3, 16, 31, 59, 61, 62, 68
at FIAN, 15, 16, 32, 44, 61, 62, 65, 150, 154
demeanor of, 16, 20, 21, 28–32, 50, 68, 131, 220
for biology, 3, 19, 20, 75, 107, 239, 259
foreign interactions of, 12–14, 25
in nuclear project, 16–18, 44, 56, 65, 66, 68, 79, 154, 155
research output of, 18, 19, 27, 62, 149, 150
Telegdi, Valentine, 51
Teller, Edward
and Khariton, 211, 216, 226, 229, 230
as scientist, 20, 101, 120, 121, 215
Jahn-Teller effect of, 121
on Soviet scientists, 66, 121, 229, 230
on testing and fallout, 75
testing, nuclear, 3, 40, 48, 73–77, 205, 226, 290
testing, biological consequences of, 3, 75, 76
theoretical chemistry, 282, 283, 292
theory of relativity, 2, 22, 31, 142, 148, 226
thermodynamics, equilibrium, 238
thermodynamics, non-equilibrium, 234
thermonuclear bomb, 62, 63, 66, 67, 70, 76, 130, 141, 224, 229. See also hydrogen bomb
thermonuclear fuel, 72, 141, 224
thermonuclear reactions, 43, 59, 63, 65, 129
thermonuclear reactions, controlled, 63, 79, 108, 225
third idea, 36, 66, 67, 70, 155, 224
Thorne, Kip S., 55
Timofeev-Resovskii, Nikolai V., 107
Tiselius, Arne, 203
Tisza, Laszlo, 123
Todd, Alexander, 273
tokamak, 63
Tolstoy, Lev (Leo) N., 24
tombstones, xii, 32, 37, 136, 144, 205, 249
Trapeznikova, Olga N., 13
travel restrictions, 16, 131, 143, 264, 292, 293
of Gamow, 102
of Ginzburg, 158
of Khariton, 228
of Semenov, 204
of Zeldovich, 47
Treaty on the Limitation of Antiballistic Missile Systems, 80
Trinity College, Cambridge, 98, 214
Truman, Harry S., 43, 155, 219
Tsukerman, Veniamin, 220
Tsvetaeva, Marina, 293
Turgenev, Ivan S., 264
Twentieth Congress of the Soviet Communist Party, 20
Type I superconductors, 176–178
Type II superconductors, 175, 177, 178
UFTI. See Ukrainian Institute of Physical Technology
Ukrainian Institute of Physical Technology (UFTI), 1, 109, 122, 215
Ulam, Stanislaw, 67
universe, origin and evolution of, 22, 53, 55, 79, 80, 84, 142, 212
uranium
in nuclear reactions, 41, 42, 192, 196, 216, 224
graphite reactors, 42
Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk, 216
Vainshtein, Boris K., 46
Vainshtein, L. A., 166
Valta, Zinaida, 189, 190, 212–214
Valter, Alexander F., 188
van ‘t Hoff, Jacobus, 195
van der Waals interactions, 255, 265
Vasileva Anzhelika Ya., 46
Vavilov, Nikolai V., 5, 290, 291
Vavilov, Sergei V., 26, 27, 46, 104, 105, 149, 253, 272
Vavilov-Cherenkov effect. See Cherenkov effect
Vavilov-Cherenkov radiation. See Cherenkov effect
Velikhov, Evgenii P., 75
Verne, Jules, 270
Vernyi, Alexander, 78
vice presidents of the Academy, xi, 24, 45, 75, 145, 171, 197, 201
Vikhrieva, Klavdia (Klava), 61, 81
Vildauer, Rosa, 147
Vildauer-Ginzburg, Augusta, 147
Volpin, Mark E., 279
Voprosi Filosofii, 282
Vostryakovsky Cemetery, 81, 90
Watson, James D., 135
Weinberg, Steven, 52
Weisskopf, Victor, 30, 82, 215
Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von, 229
Wells, H. G., 270
western influence, 3, 22, 142, 148
Wheland, George W., 281
White Army, 188
Wilkins, Maurice, 135
Wöhler, Friedrich, 208
Woodward, Robert B., 200
World War I, 12, 37, 96, 212, 292
World War II
focus on traditional weaponry in, 97
genocide in, 113
Ginzburg’s family in, 147
Great Patriotic War, 17, 65, 151, 203, 289
Soviet entrance into, 60, 96, 216
Tamm’s family in, 15
Wul’ff, Fanny D., 167
X-ray laser, 89
X-rays, work with, 147, 186, 253–255, 276
Yakir, Petr I., 279
Yeltsin, Boris N., 208
yubism, 220
Zababakhin, Evgenii I., 227
Zaikin, Albert N., 247
Zaks, Yulia B., 279
Zamsha, Olga I., 152
Zavaritskii, Nikolai V., 176–178
Zavoiskii, Evgenii K., 25, 27, 32
Zeeman, Pieter, 13
Zeitschrift für Physik, 214
Zeldovich, Anna P., 37
Zeldovich, Boris N., 37
Zeldovich, Olga Ya., 45
and Khariton, 40, 43, 46, 196, 197, 199, 216
and Sakharov, 39, 46, 52, 55, 56, 68, 79, 82
at Institute of Chemical Physics, 38, 40, 43, 129, 216
demeanor of, 44, 46–52, 55, 56, 68, 69
in Academy affairs, 22, 39, 44, 45, 71
in nuclear project, 16, 36, 43, 44, 48, 52, 65, 68, 155
research output of, 41, 45, 52, 53, 55, 162, 163, 216
Zeldovich’s brother-in-law (victim of Stalin’s terror), 36
Zeldovich-Khariton paper, 216
Zelinsky Institute. See Institute of Organic Chemistry
Zhabotinsky, Mark E., 239
Zhabotinsky,* Anatol M., 232–249
analogies for his reaction, 241, 242
antecedents of his discovery, 235, 236
background of, 234, 239, 240, 242–249
significance of his discovery, 233–235, 249
Zhdanov, Andrei A., 21
Zhurnal Fizicheskoin Khimii, 195
Zhurnal obshchei khimii, 238
Zysin, Yurii A., 74
Ψ-theory. See Ginzburg-Landau theory