Footnotes

1. The Drowned Fisherman by Mrs. S. C. Hall

I. Duncannon Fort is a strategic military fort situated on a peninsula in County Wexford, Ireland, along the country’s southeast coast.
II. A curlew is a long-billed, wading shorebird.
III. This probably refers to a type of cake or cookie.
IV. A Catholic day observing the presentation of Jesus at the Temple, held on February 2.
V. “A china dish for the potatoes.”
VI. A plant that grows on rocks beside the sea and is used in pickling.
VII. It was once believed that if yarrow was place under the pillow, and if no words had been spoken between the time the yarrow was cut and when sleep came, then the sleeper would see their future beloved in a dream.
VIII. Children.
IX. Dialect for “in your cloak.”
X. Her “beads”—that is, her rosary.
XI. “Darling.”
XII. Ruth utters this in Ruth 1:16, when she decides to stay with her mother-in-law Naomi after her husband has died.

2. The Lifted Veil by George Eliot

I. Eliot composed these lines to add to the 1878 reprinting of “The Lifted Veil.”
II. Chest pain due to coronary heart disease.
III. A rookery is a bird colony.
IV. “Where savage indignation can no longer tear his heart.” —Jonathan Swift asked that this be part of the epitaph inscribed on his tomb.
V. The translations of the plays of Aeschylus by Reverend Robert Potter (1721–1804) were the standard translation from 1877 to the mid-nineteenth century.
VI. Philip Francis was an eighteenth-century scholar who translated the works of the Roman poet Horace.
VII. The practice of phrenology—diagnosing a patient’s illnesses by reading the bumps on their skull—was much in vogue in Victorian England when Eliot wrote “The Lifted Veil.”
VIII. The Jura mountains are a range located just to the north of the Western Alps.
IX. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712–1778), the famed philosopher who espoused the virtues of leading a more natural life and who, in Reveries of the Solitary Walker, referred to his time drifting in a boat near the Island of St. Pierre as a “a sufficient, complete and perfect happiness which leaves no emptiness to be filled in the soul.”
X. A mountain in France that is known as “the balcony of Geneva,” climbed by the Creature in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein.
XI. A Swiss town on the north shore of Lake Geneva.
XII. Novalis was the pen name of Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg, an eighteenth-century German mystic and poet. He died of tuberculosis (then known as consumption) at the age of twenty-eight.
XIII. A shape-shifting water spirit from German folklore (also the subject of a fairy tale collected by the Brothers Grimm).
XIV. “Long” here is used to refer to a long length of time.
XV. “Monsieur is not feeling well?”
XVI. A luxury hotel founded in 1834 in Geneva and still in operation.
XVII. “Good and brave woman.”
XVIII. A vain, conceited, or foolish man.
XIX. Someone who is diabolically possessed.
XX. A ruined castle in Germany.
XXI. This is probably a reference to Giorgione’s famous painting “Laura,” the only youthful female portrait by the Italian Renaissance artist.
XXII. “The Lifted Veil” was inspired by the author’s own visit to the synagogue in Prague.
XXIII. A guide or docent.
XXIV. The innermost or hidden sanctuary in an ancient Greek temple.
XXV. The editor John Blackwood, who first published this story in his Blackwood’s Magazine, found the revivification of Mrs. Archer out of step with the rest of the story and even urged the author to consider deleting it.

4. The Man with the Nose by Rhoda Broughton

I. Cockles are edible shellfish that are somewhat similar to scallops.
II. Torquay is a seaside town in Devon, England.
III. Killarney is a town in County Kerry, Ireland.
IV. The Lake District or “the Lakes” is a mountainous region in England famed for its scenic lakes and forests.
V. Something that is absolutely essential.
VI. These are all lakes in the Lake District; Ullswater is the second largest.
VII. Mesmerism is named for Franz Anton Mesmer (1734–1815), a German physician who created the theory of animal magnetism, which suggested that all bodies contain magnetic poles, and that sickness results when the poles are out of alignment. One of Mesmer’s disciples conducted the first experiments in hypnotism, and the practice of putting willing subjects into hypnotic trance states was originally referred to as mesmerism.
VIII. A town located just outside the Lake District National Park.
IX. From Canto III of Byron’s “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage.”
X. Antoine Wiertz (1806–1865) was a Belgian painter known for both his huge canvasses and his macabre sensibilities. The Wiertz Museum still operates in Brussels, in what was once Wiertz’s studio.
XI. Wiertz’s painting “The Premature Burial,” painted in 1854.
XII. Flâner is the French verb for strolling.
XIII. The Hôtel Bellevue is still in operation today, located in Brussels next to the Royal Palace.
XIV. England, Scotland, and Ireland.
XV. Broughton’s timeline is a bit off here, since this story is supposed to have occurred twenty years prior to 1870, but Prince Albert Edward, the oldest son of Queen Victoria, didn’t wed Alexandra of Denmark until 1863.
XVI. Persian blinds; window shutters with horizontal, movable slats.
XVII. “The Seven Sleepers” is a traditional story of seven youths who fled to a cave outside Ephesus to escape Roman persecution of Christians; after the Romans sealed the cave, the youths fell asleep and were finally freed over two hundred years later.
XVIII. The Caledonian Canal, completed in 1822, connects Scotland’s east and west coasts, a distance of about sixty miles.
XIX. The Prussian flag showed a black eagle clutching a sword in one claw and a scepter in the other.
XX. Bingen is a German town situated on the Rhein (or, in Broughton’s spelling, Rhine); until 1871 it was on the border between Prussia and Germany.
XXI. The Prussian soldier’s uniform circa 1870 consisted notably of a heavy blue jacket.
XXII. In Robert Burns’s poem “Tam O’Shanter,” the title character is out riding his horse late one night after drinking for hours at the pub, and Burns describes Tam’s inebriated state by saying, “Kings may be blest, but Tam was glorious.”
XXIII. Biebrich is now a borough of the city of Wiesbaden, Germany, but prior to 1926 it was an independent city located near Wiesbaden.
XXIV. The Hôtel des Quatre Saisons (Four Seasons Hotel) was popular with nineteenth-century travelers but is no longer in existence.
XXV. “At daybreak.”
XXVI. Bethesda’s pool is in Jerusalem, where Jesus reportedly healed a paralyzed man. The Bible records that the sick went to this pool for healing, believing that at certain times an angel would descend to stir the waters, and the first person to enter the pool immediately thereafter would be healed.
XXVII. Gout is a form of arthritis caused by a build-up of urate crystals. It attacks joints, so it can’t move to the stomach; however, it may be associated with kidney stones, which can cause great pain near the stomach.
XXVIII. From a parable related in Luke 14:20, where it is used as a reason for not attending a banquet.
XXIX. Hippolyte Adolphe Taine (1828–1893) was a French critic and author who wrote about literature and history. In his book Thomas Graindorge, he decried the folly of women.
XXX. The St. Clair family was established in England by William St. Clair in 1066; in 1801, Alexander St. Clair was named 1st Earl of Rosslyn, a title the current head of the family, Peter St. Clair-Erskine, still holds.
XXXI. In the Biblical story of the prophet Elisha (2 Kings 6), the Arameans attack Israel, but Elisha opens the eyes of his servant, who sees chariots of fire protecting them.
XXXII. The Hotel Schweizerhof in Lucerne has been in operation since 1859.
XXXIII. A fixed-price hotel meal offered with few choices.

5. Little White Souls by Florence Marryat

I. At the time this story was written, India was under the rule of the British Raj.
II. Truthful or honest.
III. Bengal is an area currently divided between India and Bangladesh, located at the northeastern edge of India. Under the Raj, it was one of three administrative regions and was known as the Bengal Presidency.
IV. Marryat did warn us at the start of the story that she had changed names, and “145th Bengal Muftis” is not a real name, since in the 1880s there were only 130 regiments in the British Indian Army, and none of them were known as Muftis (muftis are experts in Islamic law, or sharia, who are qualified to write opinions, or fatwa).
V. Another name Marryat has created.
VI. Benares, also known as Varanasi, is a city located near India’s northern edge, between New Delhi and Kolkata (Calcutta). Benares is known for its textiles, sculpture, and ivory; it is also considered to be the holiest of the seven sacred cities in Hinduism and Jainism.
VII. Although mess usually refers to an area where military men meet, in the British model it is a place where they socialize and hold events, essentially a military club; as such, it had its own dress uniform.
VIII. An Indian English word for meal or snack.
IX. A volley or “machine” gun, predating the Gatling gun by at least ten years.
X. Guineas were British coins that contained enough gold to give them a yellowish color.
XI. Another fictitious name.
XII. Jade is old slang for a hussy or prostitute.
XIII. A dai is a nurse, wet-nurse, or midwife.
XIV. Slang for a language one cannot understand.
XV. Arrack is a fermented liquor (also spelled arak) common in Turkey and the Middle East; its ingredients depend on the country of origin.
XVI. Another name that’s fictitious.
XVII. Marryat may have been inspired by the Indian legend of the Churel, said to be the ghost of a woman who either died in childbirth or was beaten to death by relatives. The Churel is a shapeshifter that can present itself as a beautiful woman dressed in white, although they preferred to tempt men to their doom rather than kidnapping children.
XVIII. A military camp.

6. Let Loose by Mary Cholmondeley

I. [Author’s note:] Since this story was written I have been told that what was related as a personal experience was partially derived from a written source. Every effort has been made, but in vain, to discover this written source. If, however, it does exist, I hope the unintentional plagiarism will be forgiven. It has been suggested to me that a story, which I have not read, called “The Tomb of Sara,” by T. G. Loring (which I am told appeared in the December number of the Pall Mall magazine for 1900), must be the written source from which my story is taken. But this is impossible, as “Let Loose” was published in an English magazine before that date.
II. From the poem “The Dead” by Mathilde Blind.
III. Middelburg is a small city in the southwestern part of the Netherlands (or Holland) and is over a thousand years old.
IV. If this was a real village, it apparently no longer exists, although there is an area called Wetwang Slack on the Yorkshire Wolds, which is host to a large Iron Age cemetery, and the town of Pickering is known for the medieval wall paintings in its parish church.
V. A word commonly found in parts of England that refers to a brook or stream.
VI. Ignatius was a Christian martyr who was killed by the Romans in 108 CE, and who wrote a number of letters now considered to be among the most important Early Christian documents. At the time this story was written, it was believed that three epistles discovered in 1845 were the original text, but this was later disproven.
VII. This phrase was coined by Hippocrates and means, “Art lasts forever, but life is short.”
VIII. Probably a reference to a parable that Jesus tells in Luke about a nobleman who berates a servant for keeping money in a napkin rather than investing it; the nobleman takes the money and gives it to someone who already has money, saying, “That unto every one which hath shall be given; and from him that hath not, even that he hath shall be taken away from him.”
IX. A small side table used in celebration of the Eucharist.
X. An ornamental screen covering the back wall behind an altar.
XI. In 1534 Henry VIII officially separated England and the Holy See, banning any official observance of Catholicism.
XII. Dyke Fens is likely a fictitious place; the Fens—a marshy coastal plain—is located to the south of Yorkshire.
XIII. A collection of twenty books in Greek that recount the travels of Clement with the Apostle Peter.
XIV. The Psalms of Asaph are twelve psalms found in the Book of Psalms; “Asaph” is still debated by modern Biblical scholars, who believe it could be the name of an author, a transcriber, a group, or a style.
XV. In Mark 16:9 Jesus casts seven devils out of Mary Magdalene.
XVI. Rabies.

7. The Fulness of Life by Edith Wharton

I. A reference to Percy Shelley, whose poetry Wharton had admired since her youth, and not (sadly) Mary Shelley.
II. Translucent or glassy.
III. Throughout his life, Charles Darwin—who usually declared himself to be an agnostic—wavered in his thoughts on the existence of the soul. In 1876 he wrote, of a moment in the Brazilian jungle that had inspired him to believe, “… I well remember my conviction that there is more in man than the mere breath of his body. But now, the grandest scenes would not cause any such convictions and feelings to rise in my mind.”
IV. The great British scientist Alfred Russel Wallace, who developed a theory of natural selection independently of Darwin and who was indeed a dedicated Spiritualist.
V. St. George Jackson Mivart was a nineteenth-century British biologist who tried to reconcile Christianity and Darwin’s theories on evolution.
VI. Orsanmichele in Florence was originally built in 1337 as a grain market, but was converted to a church less than a century later, when it served principally as the chapel for the city’s powerful guilds. It is still standing and is now known chiefly for fourteen statues that commemorate the patron saints of the guilds.
VII. A cope is a cloak-like vestment worn by priests for occasions (like processions) other than the Mass.
VIII. Orcagna is the common name of Andrea di Cione di Arcangelo (ca. 1308–1368), an artist who was hired to create the Tabernacle of Orsanmichele, for which he created a relief depicting the Dormition and Assumption of the Virgin Mary.
IX. A greenish variety of chalcedony.
X. The Piccolomini Library adjoins the Siena Cathedral and is renowned for both its collection of illuminated manuscripts and its frescoes painted by Bernardino di Betto, called Pinturicchio, probably based on designs by Raphael.
XI. The Church of the Redeemer in Venice (Santissimo Redentore, usually known as Il Redentore) does not currently contain any works by the great Venetian artist Giovanni Bellini, although it does contain a famous Madonna and Child by Alise Vivarini (to whom Bellini is sometimes compared).
XII. Arnold of Brescia (1090–1155) was hanged by the papacy after calling on the Church to renounce property ownership; he was burned posthumously.
XIII. St. Francis of Assisi was once said to have asked noisy swallows to be quiet so he could preach to the village of Alviano, and the swallows complied.
XIV. The Decameron is the fourteenth-century masterpiece by Giovanni Boccaccio, about a group of ten people who shelter outside of Florence to escape the Black Death.
XV. The Temple of Athena Nike in Athens, built around 420 BCE, honors the goddesses Athena and Nike (goddess of victory). The frieze referred to depicts Nike wingless, hence it is sometimes referred to as Apteros Nike, or Wingless Victory. The frieze itself was moved to the Acropolis Museum in 2009 while a copy remains in the temple.
XVI. Sandro Boticelli (1445–1510) and Andrea Mantegna (1431–1506) were two of the great Italian artists of the early Renaissance, and both were heavily influenced by Roman and Greek art.
XVII. Carlo Crivelli (1430–1495) is one of the lesser known early Renaissance painters, although interest in his work was revived by the pre-Raphaelite artists.
XVIII. La Vita Nuova, or The New Life, is a work by Dante Alighieri published in 1294, some years before he began work on The Divine Comedy.
XIX. The Moods of Marianne, an 1833 play by Alfred de Musset.
XX. An 1821 poetical work by Percy Shelley.
XXI. A 1637 pastoral poem by John Milton.
XXII. In Greek mythology the river Lethe was found in the Underworld and induced forgetfulness in those who drank from it.

8. The Library Window by Mrs. Oliphant

I. This is a fictitious town. St Rule’s Church is in St. Andrews, Scotland, and in light of the Scot heritage of some of the characters, made evident shortly, this may be a disguised St. Andrews (which indeed has a college, though it lacks a High Street).
II. Madge Wildfire is a character from Sir Walter Scott’s novel The Heart of Midlothian; she is said to be “very giddy” and is essentially slightly mad.
III. A Scottish variant of “hussies”—a young, frivolous woman.
IV. A Scottish word meaning “large.”
V. In Scottish dialect gyte means mad, demented.
VI. From 1696 to 1851 Great Britain enacted a window tax that taxed homeowners depending on the number of windows in their house. Although the tax was designed to ease the burden on the poor (whose smaller homes had less windows), it instead resulted in health issues as owners filled in their homes’ windows; hence, the repeal in 1851.
VII. That is, the accent of Fife, the eastern county of Scotland.
VIII. A reference to Samuel Richardson’s 1740 novel Pamela; or, Virtue Rewarded, about a fifteen-year-old servant who struggles to fend off her employer’s advances.
IX. In Scottish dialect, guileless, innocent.
X. The birthday of John the Baptist, still the occasion of festivals in many countries, including Spain and Lithuania.
XI. Sir Walter Scott (1771–1832), the renowned author, was reportedly a tireless writer. One biographer, John Gibson Lockhart (Scott’s son-in-law), wrote how in 1814 “a youthful friend of his own was irritated by the vision of a hand which he could see, while drinking his claret, through the window of a neighbouring house, unweariedly adding to a heap of manuscripts.” The hand was later identified as Scott’s, hard at work on his novel Waverley.
XII. Scottish dialect for silver—that is, he was meant for a woman of means.
XIII. Scottish dialect for fine clothes, one’s best apparel.

9. Good Lady Ducayne by Mary Elizabeth Braddon

I. John H. Watson’s wound pension, of the same era, was eleven shillings per day. Five shillings in 1896 is the equivalent of an income of about £110 today, a serious amount of money to invest in finding a job.
II. A fictitious street, though of course the West End was the fashionable part of London.
III. In this context, the old English coin that was valued at six shillings. A “half-crown” is two shillings, sixpence. The Superior Person was considering whether Bella had paid extra to secure employment faster; having paid only the exact amount required, she earned no special treatment.
IV. A type of carpet (rather than the place of manufacture) known for its heavy linen backing and thick pile formed of uncut loops.
V. A district of South London, south of the Thames, in Southwark—a shabby, commercial area. Beresford Street, on which Bella and her mother live, is now John Ruskin Street.
VI. Mimicked.
VII. Carriage springs were named for their shapes. C-shaped springs dated to the previous century, and though they were still in use in 1896, this was no modern carriage.
VIII. A fictitious location.
IX. A “Bachelor of Medicine” degree was all the education required to practice medicine—doctorates were uncommon and more suitable for academics. Edinburgh University had a renowned school of medicine, and Arthur Conan Doyle received his bachelor of medicine degree from the university in 1881.
X. Joséphine du Beauharnais, later Empress Joséphine, married Napoleon Bonaparte. When she bore him no children, he had the marriage annulled (in 1810).
XI. Croesus was the King of Lydia (now Turkey) in the sixth century BCE and was known for his great wealth, which was said to have come from the gold that resulted when Midas washed his hands in the River Pactolus.
XII. That is, at twilight.
XIII. A generous amount—we learn, in Arthur Conan Doyle’s “A Case of Identity,” that the young woman Mary Sutherland earns £100 per year as a typewritist, employment that required more education and skills than Bella had attained. In terms of relative income this is a modern equivalent of about £76,000 per year—quite a bit for a mere “companion,” especially with room and board included!
XIV. A road (and shopping district) in Southwark, between the Elephant and Castle and Borough High Street.
XV. Dulwich Village, in Southwark, features the Dulwich Picture Gallery, a collection of portraits and British Old Masters.
XVI. J. M. W. Turner (1775–1851), the renowned English painter of seascapes and other natural settings.
XVII. Properly Belagio, a village on Lake Como in the north of Italy.
XVIII. Pulmonary tuberculosis.
XIX. This once-beautiful hotel, opened in 1861, has fallen into ruin but plans are in place for a restoration.
XX. Probably the Hotel de Londres y de Ingleterres, a first-class beachfront hotel in San Sebastian. An influenza pandemic ran in Europe from 1889 to 1890 and killed almost one million people. While this was a few years later, influenza outbreaks still had devastating effect.
XXI. The Borgias were of course renowned poisoners.
XXII. Blood-letting remained a highly controversial medical treatment until the early twentieth century. George Washington may well have died from overly aggressive blood-letting, though Mr Stafford probably has Lord Byron in mind, who allegedly died from sepsis that was carried by the instruments used in letting his blood when he grew ill in Turkey.
XXIII. Albertus Magnus was a thirteenth-century Catholic Dominican friar who later became St. Albert the Great; he was rumored to have investigated alchemy and discovered the philosopher’s stone.
XXIV. George Ripley was a sixteenth-century English alchemist.
XXV. We learn later that Lady Ducayne’s first name was “Adeline.” Therefore, we can deduce that this is a typographical error for Excellenza (Excellency), an honorific.
XXVI. January 21, 1793.
XXVII. Blood transfusions were still a relatively young procedure when this story was written—it wouldn’t be until five years after this story was written that the major human blood groups were identified—and an air embolism caused by an air bubble in the IV tube would have been a real concern.
XXVIII. The French microbiologist Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) is remembered today for his discovery of “pasteurization,” the process of killing bacteria in milk, as well as the benefits of vaccination. The German physician Rudolf Virchow (1821–1902), however, has no such visibility outside professional circles, where he is known as the “father of modern pathology” and social medicine.
XXIX. An Italian town in the north of Italy, near the lake region.
XXX. An Alpine mountain of almost 1,800 meters, with a view of Varese and Lake Como.
XXXI. A small suitcase that opened into two sections.
XXXII. A dowry.
XXXIII. A type of stock that pays out regular, fixed amounts.

10. Marsyas in Flanders by Vernon Lee

I. In Greek mythology Marsyas was a satyr who was said to have invented flute music. He arrogantly challenged the god Apollo to a music contest, which Apollo won by besting Marsyas’s flute with his lyre. To punish Marsyas for his hubris, Apollo flayed him alive. There are a number of statues depicting Marsyas in agony, including one from the third century BCE (now displayed in the Istanbul Archaeology Museum) in which the arms are missing.
II. “There was a substitution.”
III. An antiquary is a recorder or custodian of antiquities.
IV. Also known as the Feast of the Cross or the Feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross, this Catholic observance is dedicated to commemoration of the cross used in Christ’s crucifixion, and occurs on September 14. Parts of the actual cross are claimed to be held by a number of churches, who display them in reliquaries, which are usually ornate crucifixes.
V. St. Luke the Evangelist not only wrote much of the New Testament but was also an artist who painted some of the earliest religious icons.
VI. Much of the Belgian coast is lined with dunes, but this seems to be a fictitious name Lee is using.
VII. The Holy Face of Lucca is an eight-foot tall carving of Christ crucified that dates back to at least the ninth century CE.
VIII. In churches built in a cross shape the transept runs crosswise across the nave or main body.
IX. A triforium is a gallery set above the arches and the main floor of a church.
X. The Dutch-speaking northern part of Belgium.
XI. Wooden shoes or clogs.
XII. An organ stop which supposedly resembles a human voice.
XIII. This seems to be a fictitious river name.
XIV. Lands or fields, usually belonging to a church.
XV. There is an Abbey of St. Loup in Troyes but not in Arras (Arras is in northern France, not far south of the Belgian border).
XVI. A common folklore belief throughout the UK and Brittany was that on Halloween a visitor to a church would see the windows lit and packed with the souls of those who were to die in the coming year.
XVII. Halloween, in other words.
XVIII. Because property was confiscated from those found guilty.
XIX. “What is commonly referred to as flutes and pipes.”
XX. “And.”
XXI. A rich tapestry.
XXII. A game in which a ring is thrown onto an upright peg.

13. The Tryst by Alice Brown

I. The Zoological Station in Campania, founded in 1872 by Anton Dohrn, is the oldest aquarium in Italy.
II. From John Keats’s poem “The Eve of St. Agnes,” written in 1819, first published in 1820.
III. Now Olmstead thinks of a line from Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet, Act III, Scene V.
IV. An arrangement of dried plants.
V. Hotel Bertolini, also known as Bertolini’s Palace Hotel, was the finest in Naples—long closed.
VI. These are lines from a song by Robert Herrick (1591–1674), one of many he titled “To Electra.” The Victorian poet Swinburne called Herrick “the greatest song-writer ever born of English race.” Here is the full song:

I dare not ask to kiss,

I dare not beg a smile,

Lest having that, or this,

I might grow proud the while.

No, no, the utmost share

Of my desire shall be

Only to kiss the air

That lately kissèd thee.
VII. A boarding house or small hotel.
VIII. Pæstum was a major Greek city in ancient times, in the province of Salerno, Italy. It is famous today for the ruins of three Doric temples.
IX. The town of Cava dei Tirreni, near Campagnia, in the Salerno province, a popular tourist attraction of the day.
X. The disease, often fatal, was thought to be caused by “bad air” (mala aria in medieval Italian). It was only in the 1880s that parasites were found in the blood of infected victims, and not until 1897 were mosquitos identified as the most common carrier.
XI. A rare gem—the “Black Pearl of the Borgias” features in Conan Doyle’s Holmes story “The Adventure of the Six Napoleons” (1904).
XII. Jack is being figurative here: A gammon is a victory in the game of backgammon, in which the winner removes all of the player’s pieces before the other removes any. Thus, Julia has defeated Jack soundly by declaring that “I’ve got to go.”
XIII. To fall short—a phrase that appears in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Act III, Scene 2.
XIV. A fine hotel in Cava dei Tirreni that operated until the mid-twentieth century and a favorite of English-speaking tourists.
XV. Leader of the Muses, the god of music and poetry.
XVI. Bottled water, a brand now controlled by Coca-Cola but then manufactured in Germany, with the slogan “The Queen of Table Waters.” By 1911 it was selling nearly forty million bottles per year.
XVII. From Richard Lovelace’s 1649 poem “To Lucasta, Going to the Warres.”
XVIII. Matthew 10:28: “And fear not them which kill the body, but are not able to kill the soul: but rather fear him which is able to destroy both soul and body in hell.”
XIX. Roses of Paestum by Edward McCurdy is a book of essays first published in 1900. In a 1904 reprint edited by Thomas Mosher, the first (titular) essay is described: “[McCurdy] pens with a delicate blending of fact-and-fable which presently becomes exquisitely allegorical in its treatment of the deathless Greek roses transplanted oversea into Italian flower gardens. Thenceforth the stream of thought widens and we are bid behold a second flowering of Beauty—that marvellous reincarnation of the antique world of Art which came into life when the actual roses of Paestum had ages ago faded ‘from Paestan rosaries,’ and with their lovers of old time and the city of their delight was only a muted memory in the minds of men.”