INDEX

Abandonment, 7, 96, 133, 163–165, 166, 238, 250, 259, 274, 275–277

The ABBA Fund, 42, 61, 69

Abbas, Rahila, 152

ABC, 198

Abortion, 39, 54, 73, 88, 267, 277n

   adoption and, 108–109, 111–114, 117, 250

   Christian adoption movement and, 56–57, 74, 75

   crisis pregnancy centers and, 101, 104, 105

   in South Korea, 270

Above Rubies ladies’ retreats, 176, 182

Above Rubies magazine, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 189, 191, 193, 199, 202, 206, 210

Abstinence, 100–101, 105, 116

Abstinence Clearinghouse, 105

Abuse. See Child abuse

ACFI. See African Christians Fellowship International

ACLU. See American Civil Liberties Union

ACPF. See African Child Policy Forum

Acres of Hope orphanage, Liberia, 177, 178, 179, 192, 194, 199, 204

Acres of Hope: The Miraculous Story of One Family’s Gift of Love to Children Without Hope (Anglin), 198

ACT. See Against Child Trafficking

Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 131, 154, 155, 156, 163, 167

Addy’s Hope, 207–208, 209

Adolescent Development, Protection, and HIV/AIDS, 152

Adopted for Life: The Priority of Adoption for Christian Families & Churches (Moore), 43, 55, 59

Adopted Territory: Transnational Korean Adoptees and the Politics of Belonging (Kim), 274, 283

Adoptee Solidarity Korea (ASK), 281, 283, 287

Adoptees of Color Roundtable, 5

Adoption

   abortion and, 54, 108–109, 111–114, 117, 250

   abuse and, 51, 181–193, 198

   attachment issues and, 195–198

   contesting, 83, 84–88

   crisis pregnancy centers and, 79, 100–117

   culture of, 42, 67, 155

   disruption of, 197, 197n, 199, 200–203, 210

   education and, 133, 139, 179

   emergency, 2

   in Ethiopia, 129–174

   God and, 177, 179, 180, 213

   Gospel and, 39–74, 244

   in Haiti, 1–37

   in Liberia, 175–211

   of older children, 33, 64, 137, 138

   open, 80, 85, 86, 88, 117–121, 131, 268

   orphan care and, 234, 257

   pipeline adoption cases and, 213–215, 216–217, 234, 235–236, 245–246, 250, 263–264

   private, 180

   promise of new life and, 8–9

   as rescue, 6, 39

   reunification and, 94

   rhetoric of, 64–65, 72, 244

   in Rwanda, 241–266

   secret, 268–269

   in Sierra Leone, 200

   in South Korea, 267–290

   special-needs, 64, 171, 216, 217n

   in Ukraine, 25–29, 29–34

   vertical and horizontal, 57

   as win-win scenario, 95, 102, 108–109

   See also Adoption reform

Adoption advocates

   adoption rates, decline in and, 223, 224

   Christian adoption movement and, 56

   counseling and, 113

   in Ethiopia, 134, 160

   in Haiti, 4, 9–10, 11, 19

   orphan care and, 224

   in South Korea, 288

   UNICEF and, 56

Adoption Advocates International, 73, 192n

Adoption agencies

   adoption legislation and, 221–222

   Baby Scoop Era and, 89

   Christian adoption movement and, 56

   in Ethiopia, 130, 136, 142, 150–151, 215, 245–246

   in Guatemala, 135

   in Haiti, 2, 8

   international adoption, corruption in and, 132–133

   in Liberia, 180

   in Rwanda, 241, 254

   in South Korea, 268, 269, 271, 272–273

Adoption as Ministry, Adoption as Blessing (Gardner), 55, 137

Adoption attorneys, 23, 79, 85, 109, 114, 120, 123–126, 133, 134, 140, 142, 166, 203, 231, 232, 264

Adoption Connections, 113

Adoption Hand Over Ceremony, 262, 265

Adoption lawyers, 79, 85, 102, 106, 133

Adoption legislation, 221–223

   adoption reform and, 225–226

   in Ethiopia, 142

   in Haiti, 16

   in South Korea, 275–277

   in United States, 17, 21

   in Utah, 121–124

Adoption lobby groups, 17

Adoption Ministry 1:27, 127

Adoption plans, 78, 80, 96, 101, 112, 120

Adoption Policy Conference (2010), 20

Adoption Policy Conference (2011), 231

Adoption power of attorney, 241, 262, 263, 264

Adoption reform

   adoption legislation and, 225–226

   adoption rates, decline in and, 218

   Christian adoption movement and, 235–238

   in Ethiopia, 245–246

   in Liberia, 209–211

   pipeline adoption cases and, 216–217

   in Rwanda, 242, 245

   in South Korea, 279, 288

Adoption rings, 107

Adoption searchers, 156, 157–163, 165, 170

Adoption underworld, 133

Adoptive children

   abuse of, 51, 181–193

   activism of, 279–284

   attachment problems in, 195–198

   PTSD and, 202

   respite care for, 196–197, 198

   returning of, 200–203

Ae Ran Won maternity home, 268, 271, 272, 283, 284

“Africa: The New Frontier for Intercountry Adoption,” 136

African Americans, 72

African Child Policy Forum (ACPF), 136, 218

African Christians Fellowship International (ACFI), 175, 177–178, 200, 204

Against Child Trafficking (ACT), 158

Age discrepancies, 131, 141, 143, 157, 159, 175, 175n, 181, 181n

Ahlers family, 178, 210

AIDS, 44, 53, 130, 135, 138, 255

AIDS orphan tourism, 7n, 256

Air Force, US, 3, 31

Alexis, Pierre, 5, 9

Allison, Sam, 175–179, 182–184, 187–188, 188–193, 191, 203–207

Allison, Serene, 176, 178–179, 181–187, 187–188, 188–193, 203–205, 205–207

Aloisea, Inyumba, 238, 248–249

Alpha Center, 105–106

Altmire, Jason, 19

Amazing Grace Africa Ministries, 177

Amerasian war orphans, 47–52, 273

America World Adoption (AWA), 97, 135, 154, 214, 223, 263

American Academy of Adoption Attorneys, 226

American Baptists, 6

American Bar Association, 102

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 100

American Mother’s Committee, 49

Americans for African Adoptions, 180

Anglin, Patty, 178, 179, 194, 198–199, 200, 204, 210, 217n

Argus Leader, 105

Aronson, Jane, 65–66, 168

ASK. See Adoptee Solidarity Korea

Assemblies of God Church, 25

Associated Baptist Press, 23

Associated Press, 12, 13, 16, 219

Association of Black Social Workers, 71

Atlanta Braves, 30

Atlanta Journal Constitution, 112n

Atonement, 88

Attachment issues, 147, 195–198

Atwood, Thomas, 121–122

Auburn University, 30

Australia, 94–95, 284–285

Australian Broadcasting Company, 129

AWA. See America World Adoption

Aylor, Joan, 112

Babies without Borders: Adoption and Migration Across the Americas (Dubinsky), 4, 71–72, 98

Baby, We Were Meant for Each Other, 75

Baby brokers, 133, 134

Baby farms, 171, 268

Baby Scoop Era, 89, 94, 95, 100, 101, 102, 111, 116, 122, 267

Baby Scoop Era Research Initiative, 90, 92

Bain & Company, 230

Bannis, Pius, 20

Baptists, 6, 45, 70, 107

Bartholet, Elizabeth, 218–219, 220, 226, 233

Bates, Lisa, 203

Beautiful Forgiveness (talk show), 281

Beck, Glenn, 52

Bednarz, Suz, 94

Bellerive, Jean-Max, 5, 24

Beltran, Mario, 124

Benham, Flip, 102, 113

Benz, Larissa, 25, 26, 31, 32, 34, 39

Benz, Tom, 24–29, 29–35

Bergeron, Jon, 199

Bethany Christian Services, 2, 56, 62, 65, 103–104, 112, 112n, 118–119, 154, 246

Bethzatha Children’s Home Association, 159

Better Business Bureau of Western North Carolina, 140–141

Better Care Network, 235

Better Future Adoption Services (BFAS), 163–165

BFAS. See Better Future Adoption Services

Bible, 9, 36, 39, 41, 42, 59, 61, 78, 98, 99, 107, 126, 237

Bickel, Dixie, 11, 15

Biehl, Megan, 253–254

Big World Ventures, 213

Birth control. See Contraception

Birth Moms (TV show), 99

Birthfathers, 123–125

“Birthmother, Good Mother: Her Story of Heroic Redemption” (Kenny), 115, 116

Birthmother Friends, 109

Birthmothers, 96, 96n

   Christian adoption movement and, 99–100

   crisis pregnancy centers and, 101

   rights of, 121

   state adoption law and, 121

   treatment of, 99–100

Birthmothers (organization), 108–110

Bissell, Susan, 11, 63, 152, 220, 233

Blacquiere, Bill, 56

Bloggers for Orphans, 222

Boas, Richard, 284

Bohlender, Randy, 11, 55

Bonnor, Baryee, 209–210

Bosnia, 259

Boston Globe, 122

Both Ends Burning, 229, 231, 234

Both Ends Burning (Juntunen), 230

Bowers, Stephne, 146–147, 147–150

Brace, Charles Loring, 45, 46

Bradshaw, Katie and Calvin, 130–131, 137–146, 171–173

Brandeis University, 132

BRESMA orphanage, 19

Bridges of Faith, 24, 25, 29–34

BridgeStone retreat center, 25–29, 29–34

Bring Love In, 236

Bring My Sons from Afar (Holt), 48

Brokers, 133, 134, 152, 177, 191, 218

Brown, Kim, 233

Brownback, Sam, 17

Buford Family, 185–187, 188

Bush, George H. W., 18

Bush, George W., 44, 54, 57

Butler, Jeff and Chris, 79–84, 86, 87, 88, 126, 127

California, 101

The Call, 57

Cambodia, 133, 262

Campbell, Colin, 176, 183, 184–187, 188, 191, 206

Campbell, Nancy, 176–179, 180, 182, 184–187, 188, 191, 193, 206, 210

Campus Crusade For Christ, 39, 56

Cannon-Winkelman, Heather, 202, 209

CAP. See Center for American Progress

Care Net, 106, 109, 114

Carr, Eric, 30, 35–37

Carr, Johnny, 61–62

Carr, Wendy, 35, 36

Carroll, Dan, 154

Carter-Shotts, Cheryl, 180, 199, 210

CAS. See Children’s Aid Society

Casey, Dennis, 79, 80, 81, 85, 86, 126–127

Casey, Joy, 126–127

Castillo, Carlos, 16

Castro, Fidel, 4

Catholicism, Catholics, 70

Catholics, 46–47

CBS News, 15, 141, 143

CCAI. See Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute

CCC. See Children’s Cross Connection

The Celebration Family (Nason), 197

Celebrities, 2, 136

Center for Adoption Policy, 231

Center for American Progress (CAP), 111, 120

CenterPoint, 31

Central Valley Baptist Church, 7, 24

Chad, 22

Chances for Children, 230

Chapman, Steven Curtis, 43, 69, 222

Charities and Societies Agency (Ethiopia), 152, 167

A Cherished Child, 123

Chesnel, Regilus, 12

Child abuse, 106, 181–187, 198–203

Child harvesting, 130, 146, 149

Child prostitution, 23

Child slavery, 9

Child soldiers, 40

Child sponsorship, 14, 43, 61, 138, 202, 237

Child trafficking, 6, 169, 216, 222, 236, 262, 263

   in Ethiopia, 154, 165

   in Haiti, 6, 10, 11, 23

   in Liberia, 180, 207–208

   Silsby, Laura and, 15–16

Child Welfare League of America, 47, 50

Children. See Adoptive children

Children Concerned, 177

Children of the Promise orphanage, 24

Children’s Aid Society (CAS), 45, 46

Children’s Carousel, 231

Children’s Cross Connection (CCC), 130, 144, 146, 147, 148–150

Children’s HopeChest, 252

China, 63, 97, 132, 134, 135, 137, 197, 216–217, 239

Chislova, Katya, 31

Chizik, Gene, 30

Choi, Hyoung-Suk, 267–269, 270, 272–273, 284–288

Choi, Young-Hee, 287

Christ, 8, 59, 108, 137

Christian Action Council, 114

Christian adoption movement, 58, 61, 67, 99

   abortion and, 56–57, 74, 75

   adoption, language of and, 97

   adoption, purpose of and, 59

   adoption agencies and, 56

   adoption culture and, 67

   adoption legislation and, 222

   adoption rates, decline in and, 216, 228

   adoption reform and, 235–238

   birthmothers and, 99–100

   Christian Alliance for Orphans Summit (2012) and, 39–44

   corruption and, 237–238

   critique of, 71–72

   in Ethiopia, 126–127, 129–174

   evangelism and, 52–57, 59–61

   fatherhood and, 58

   influence of, 56

   language of, 75–76

   maternity homes and, 76–91

   Mosley, Reanne, story of and, 76–91

   orphan crisis and, 61–67, 152, 247

   pipeline adoption cases and, 216

   predestination and, 97

   racism and, 70–71

   rhetoric of, 64–65, 72

   in Rwanda, 242, 255–257

   salvation and, 39, 44–45, 57, 59, 61, 99

   starfish story and, 10n

   suffering and, 97–98

   theology of, 42, 57–59, 59–60, 97–99

   transracial adoptions and, 68–69

   Young, Sandy, story of and, 90–91, 93–94, 100

Christian Alliance for Orphans, 17, 54, 55, 56, 61, 65, 69, 97, 222

Christian Alliance for Orphans Summit (2010), 18, 43, 58, 69, 107–108, 174, 224, 227

Christian Alliance for Orphans Summit (2012), 210, 238, 247, 248, 261

Christian orphan-care movement, 39–40, 64

Christian Post, 97, 168, 219

Christian World Adoption (CWA), 129–131, 137–145, 148–150, 154, 168

Christianity, 42, 52, 53, 244, 248

Christianity Today, 17, 58, 59, 99

Christ’s Church, Rwanda, 241, 242–243, 264

Chu, Tammy, 280–281

Citizenship, 202, 203, 206

Civil Forum, 54, 55

Civil rights, 70–71

Civil War, US, 70

Clinton, Bill, 44, 168

Clinton, Hillary, 231

CNN, 3, 9, 24

Coast Guard, US, 3

Coercion, 80–81

Colorado Department of Human Services, 238

Color-blindness, 73

Communism, 4, 5

Confucianism, 270, 273, 278

Congregationalists, 45–46

Congress, US, 11, 21, 221

Congressional Coalition on Adoption Institute (CCAI), 20, 216, 222, 233, 234n, 242

Congressional Quarterly, 21

Conservatism, conservatives, 21, 56, 72, 121, 187, 235

Contraception, 104, 105, 176, 178, 234, 285

Conversion, 47, 52, 53, 59, 236, 244, 248

Cooper, Anderson, 95

Cooper, Marc, 106

Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, 235

Corruption

   adoption demand and, 227

   adoption rates, decline in and, 219, 227–228

   Christian adoption movement and, 237–238

   in Guatemala, 133–134, 156, 215

   in Haiti, 11

   international adoption and, 132–134

   in Liberia, 180

Coulter, Charisa, 22–23, 24

Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, 61

Counseling, 46, 102, 104, 105, 110, 112–113, 114, 116–117, 118, 269

Covert, Tama, 194, 196

CPCs. See Crisis pregnancy centers

Created for God’s Glory (Holt), 48

Crisis Pregnancy Center Watch, 105

Crisis pregnancy centers (CPCs), 79, 100–117, 118

   abortion and, 101, 104, 105

   birthmothers and, 101

   counseling and, 102, 110, 112–113

   funding of, 100–101, 105

   Jordan, Carol, story of and, 103–104

   relinquishment rates and, 114–117

   tactics of, 104–107

Cruver, Dan, 8–9, 43, 55, 58, 59, 67, 229, 237

Cuba, 4

Culture, 42

CWA. See Christian World Adoption

D’Adesky, Anne-Christine, 15

Dandelions: Adoptees’ Families of Origin, 281, 283, 287

The Dangerous Classes of New York and Twenty Years’ Work Among Them (Brace), 45, 46

Daniel Hoover Children’s Village orphanage, 175, 177, 181, 188, 190, 202, 205

Davenport, Dawn, 277

David, Caleb and Becca, 213–215, 235–236

Davis, Katie, 67–68, 69

Davis, Tom, 55

Day, Nate, 172–174

Dayton Daily News, 219

Déby, Idriss, 22

Decisions, Choices & Options, 107

Deinstitutionalization, 169, 209, 242, 243

Democratic Party, Democrats, 21, 57, 221

Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), 171, 210

Depression, 81–82, 90, 93, 105, 110

Deseret News, 124

Developing nations, 5, 43, 76, 132

DiFilipo, Tom, 17, 55, 218, 222, 223–224, 225, 226, 227

Discipleship Training School (YWAM), 83–84

Discipline, 183–184

Discover the Journey, 9–10

Discrimination, 44, 217–218n, 273, 277

Disease, 12, 190

Disruption, 197, 197n, 199, 200–203, 210

Doctors Without Borders, 19

Dohle, Arun, 158–159

Do-Hyun, Kim, 281

Domestic adoption, 111, 218, 235

   cost of, 132

   open adoption and, 117

   predestination and, 76

   promotion of, 43

   in Rwanda, 260–262, 265–266

   in South Korea, 270, 275–277

   UNICEF and, 11

   United States and, 131

Domestic violence, 111

Dominican Republic, 6, 8, 10, 12–13, 15

Down’s syndrome, 217n

DRC. See Democratic Republic of Congo

DREAM Act, 21

Dubinsky, Karen, 4, 22, 71–72, 98, 134

Duggar family, 189

Easter House adoption agency, 94

Eastern Europe, 59

Eastside Baptist, Twin Falls, Idaho, 7, 8, 23

Economist, 249

Edmonds, Dale, 261–262

Education, 53

   adoption and, 116, 133, 139, 179

   Ethiopia and, 131, 145

   Haiti and, 12, 19

   Liberia and, 182

   in orphanages, 175

El Salvador, 23

Ellicott, Cheryl, 55, 61

Embracing Hope Ethiopia, 236

Empty Strollers March (2011), 231, 233

Engle, Lou, 57, 73–74

Ephesians, 110

Ephrem, Abiy, 168–169

Epidemic disease, 12

Epperly, Pam, 206

Ethica, 135, 225, 226

Ethiopia, 126, 218

   abandonment and, 163–165

   adoption advocates and, 134, 160

   adoption agencies and, 130, 136, 142, 150–151, 215, 245–246

   adoption legislation and, 142

   adoption process in, 152, 214–215, 242

   adoption rates in, 134

   adoption reform and, 167–171, 172–173, 245–246

   adoption searchers in, 156–163, 165, 170

   age discrepancies and, 131, 141, 143, 157, 159

   child harvesting in, 130, 146, 149

   child trafficking in, 165, 169

   colorism and, 136–137

   corruption in, 135–136

   education and, 131, 145

   infant mortality in, 147

   kidnapping and, 171

   legal system in, 136

   Lemma girls, story of and, 130–131, 137–146, 171–174

   Ministry of Women, Children, And Youth Affairs (MOWA) in, 152, 168, 169, 214

   naming of children and, 130, 131

   orphan crisis and, 170

   orphan crisis in, 213

   orphan status and, 154

   orphanages in, 135, 146, 148, 153, 155, 163, 169

   pipeline adoption cases and, 213–215, 235–236, 245–246

   poverty in, 155–156

   reunification and, 169

   SNNPR of, 130, 143, 169

The Ethiopia Aid Mission Network (TEAM), 235

Ethnic cleansing, 46

Evangelism, Evangelicals. See Christian adoption movement

Faasse, Kris, 119

Facebook, 40, 214

Facilitators, 177, 178, 180, 199, 241, 257

Faith manipulation, 139

Faith-based initiative programs, 44

Falco, Edie, 95

Fall of Saigon, 4

Falwell, Jerry, 73

Families for Orphans Act (FFOA), 225–227

Families for Orphans Coalition, 225, 226

Family

   God’s plan for, 102, 107

   Haiti and, 5

   lack of support of, 77, 82, 85, 90, 101, 267

   preservation of, 98, 234, 251

Family Research Council (FRC), 57, 114–115, 219

Fayiah, Saah, 201, 209

Fessler, Ann, 89, 90, 93, 102

Fetrow, Karen, 117–119

FFOA. See Families for Orphans Act

Fields of the Fatherless (Davis), 55

Filipinos, 72

Finally Home Foundation, 43

Finding Fernanda: Two Mothers, One Child, and a Cross-Border Search for Truth (Siegal), 134

First Instance Court, Ethiopia, 163

Flatley, Maureen, 201, 221

Florence Crittenton maternity home, Silver Spring, Md., 90

Florida, 3

Fly Away Children, 129–130, 141, 142

Focus on the Family, 53, 54, 56, 57, 73

For His Glory Adoption Outreach, 9, 17, 28

Ford, Gerald, 18

Ford, Sharen, 238, 239

Forder, Kimberly, 191, 209

Fortenberry, Jeff, 21

Foster care, 18, 54, 64, 189, 200, 203, 209, 217, 241, 244–245, 271

Fox News, 52

Francis, St., 59

Fraud, 64, 83, 85, 98, 124, 142, 152, 168, 171–173, 180, 215, 219, 238, 276, 287, 289

FRC. See Family Research Council

Freedom Federation Summit, 73

Friess, Foster, 234

“Fruits of Ethiopia, Intercountry Adoption: The Rights of the Child, or the ‘Harvesting’ of Children?,” 158

Fuller, Mark, 30

Gallion, Mari, 107

Gardner, Michelle, 55, 129, 130, 137–138, 139, 141, 142–143, 146, 149

Gathering of the First Generation of Adult Korean Adoptees, 280

Gelgela Integrated Orphans and Destitute Family Support Association, 159, 170

Gender roles, 176, 274

The Girls Who Went Away: The Hidden History of Women Who Surrendered Children for Adoption in the Decades Before Roe v. Wade (Fessler), 89

Gladney Center for Adoption, 101, 246

Global Orphan Care Initiative, 42

Global Overseas Adoptees’ Link (G.O.A.’L), 281

The Globe and Mail, 220

God, 8, 12, 15, 28, 35, 54, 59, 71, 74, 83, 85, 95, 122, 129, 177, 192, 194

   adoption and, 179, 180, 213

   calling of, 22–23, 51

   image of, 58

   love of, 61

   plan of, 30, 102, 210

   purpose of, 36

   single motherhood and, 102, 107

   universal fatherhood of, 58

   will of, 75–76, 110

God’s Littlest Angels orphanage, 11, 15

Good News Club, 48

Gospel, 244

Grace Church, Eden Prairie, Minn., 107

Graff, E. J., 65, 132

Graham, Carl, 185–187

Great Commission mandate, 9, 39, 59, 61

Greene, Melissa Fay, 136

Gregory, Ann, 124

Gremillion, Pam, 180

Grothman, Glenn, 106

Guardian, 12

Guatemala, 132, 135, 223

   adoption agencies and, 135

   corruption in, 133–134, 156, 215, 216

Guttmacher Institute, 116–117

Gutwein, Fritz, 23

Habumuremyi, Pierre Damien, 260

Hague Adoption Convention, 11, 20, 135, 142, 218, 219, 220, 221–222, 231, 242, 254, 255

Hague Convention on Intercountry Adoption, 134

Haiti

   adoption advocates and, 9–10, 11, 19

   adoption agencies and, 2, 8

   adoption legislation and, 16

   adoption process in, 1–2, 10, 13–15, 18–21

   Benz, Tom and, 24–29, 29–35, 39

   BridgeStone retreat center and, 25–29, 29–35

   child trafficking in, 6, 11

   corruption in, 11

   earthquake (2010) in, 1–3

   family structures in, 5

   humanitarian parole policy in, 10, 18–21, 24

   missionary work in, 7–8, 12–13

   orphan status in, 5, 13

   orphanages in, 4, 9, 11, 28

   poverty in, 5, 6, 13–14

   racial issues and, 5

   reuniting children with their

   families in, 13, 18

   Silsby, Laura and, 21–24, 27, 34, 35, 36, 39

   Silsby, Laura in, 6–8, 10, 12–13, 15–16

Haiti OrphansNoMore, 25

Haiti Sharing Jesus Ministries, 12

Haiti Vox Bulletin, 15

Haitian Orphan Rescue Mission, 8

Harbor House, 102

Harding, Robert, 146

Harding, Tomilee, 142, 146, 147

Harmon, Kim, 9, 17

Harriman, Tina, 253, 255

Harvesting, 130, 146, 149

Hasenbalg, Scott, 222

Hatlevig, Mary, 174

Hawkins, Jesse, 163–165, 166

Hawkins, Matthew, 163–165, 166

Hayes, Peggie, 122

Health and Human Services Department, 111, 116

Heart for the Fatherless Ministry, 76

Heartbeat International, 100, 101

Heiman, Marcel, 92

Heinlein, Peter, 152

Helmling, Dirk, 180, 208–209

Helms, Jesse, 221

Help HAITI Act, 21

Hepatitis C, 108

Heritage Foundation, 114

Hickman County DCS, 186, 187, 188, 206

Highview Baptist, Louisville, 42–43

His Chase Foundation, 262

H.I.S. Home for Children, 5, 15, 17

His House orphanage, 9

HIV, 53, 108, 135, 139, 141, 158, 159, 160, 217n, 243, 255

Holliman, Jaya, 251, 253, 254

Holt, Harry and Bertha, 47–52, 273, 280

Holt, Molly, 277

Holt International Children’s Services, 51, 180, 233, 280

Holy Spirit, 17, 67

Home of Hope orphanage, 250

Home studies, 50, 177, 197, 199, 202, 214

Homeland Security Department, US, 2, 10

Homeschooling, homeschoolers, 42, 126, 176, 182, 183, 192

Homophobia, 54

Hoogeveen, Niels, 54, 136, 221, 226, 228

HOPE Act, 20

Hope and Homes for Children, 259, 260

Hope for Orphans, 56, 199, 222, 246, 277

Hopegivers International, 61

HopeHouse International, 66

House of Representatives, US, 288

“How Big Is God?” crusade, 180, 191, 208

“How to Start and Operate Your Own ProLife Outreach Crisis Pregnancy Center” (Pearson), 104

Hübinette, Tobias, 49, 51, 274

Huelskamp, Tim, 112n

Huffington Post, 20

Human Sciences Research Council, 7n, 256

Humanitarian parole policy, 10, 18–21, 24

Hunter, Joel, 57

Hurricane Irene, 231

Hutson, Matthew, 75

ICPC. See Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children

Idaho, 6, 7, 18

Illinois, 93

I’m Having Their Baby (TV show), 119

Imbuto Foundation, 250, 265

Immigration, 3, 20

Imperialism, Western, 21–22

Indentured servitude, 46

India, 98, 137, 239

Indian Adoption Project, 47, 50

Indian Child Welfare Act, 47

Indiana, 18

Indonesia, 22

Infant Adoption Awareness Training Program, 116, 265

Infant mortality, 147, 177

Infanticide, 52, 98

Infertility, 91, 96, 97, 118

Inhofe, James, 17, 225, 264

Institute of Child Development (TCU), 43

Intercountry adoption. See International adoption

Intercountry Adoption Act (2000), 221–222

International adoption

   adoptee criticism of, 279–284

   adoption rates, decline in and, 218–220

   attraction of, 131–132

   conflicts surrounding, 5–6, 22

   Ethiopia and, 129–174

   evangelism and, 47–52

   Haiti and, 1–37

   Liberia and, 175–211

   orphan crisis and, 62–67

   orphanages and, 14

   predestination and, 76

   Rwanda and, 242, 250–253

   scandals and, 41

   South Korea and, 273–279

   Ukraine and, 25–29, 29–34

   UNICEF and, 11

   United States and, 131

International Adoption Guides, 192n

International Bible Society, 25

International Red Cross, 19

International Social Services, 20, 273

Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC), 122

Ireland, 89

Iron Curtain, 59

Jacobs, Mark and Chelsea, 262

Jacobs, Susan, 168, 231–232, 238–239

Jamaica, 45–46

James, 25, 41, 44, 57, 98, 99, 237

JCICS. See Joint Council on International Children’s Services

Jenkins, Dave and Jana, 241–246, 258, 262–266

Jenkins, Larry, 123

Jesus, 25, 30, 54, 57, 59, 61, 78, 179, 180

Johanna, 177–178, 202–203

Johnson, Chuck, 218, 219, 224, 225, 226, 227, 246, 247

Johnson, Kay, 216–217

Joint Council on International Children’s Services (JCICS), 17, 55, 142, 173, 217n, 218, 222–223, 234n, 246

Jolie, Angelina, 136

Jones, Emmanuel, 200

Jordan, Carol, 103–104, 119

Joseph, Raymond, 3

Joseph of Nazareth, 54

Journal of Christian Legal Thought, 237

Journal of Obstetric, Gynecological and Neonatal Nursing, 93

Joyner, Chuck, 193

Jukanovich, Jennifer, 252

Juntunen, Craig, 229–234

Juntunen, Kathi, 229, 230

Kagame, Jeannette, 250

Kagame, Paul, 246, 247

Kale Hiwot (Word of Life Church), 144

Kenny, Charles T., 115, 116

Kenny, Gale, 45–46

Kenya, 242, 265

Kidnapping, 133, 134, 215

   Guatemala and, 134

   Ethiopia and, 154, 171

   Haiti and, 6, 22

Kim, Eleana, 274, 283

Kim, JaeRan, 280

Kinfu, Fanuel, 165–167

Kingdom Kids Adoption Ministries, 129, 137, 138

Kingdom Vision, 160, 170

Kisses from Katie: A Story of Relentless Love and Redemption (Davis), 67–68

Klobuchar, Amy, 17–18

Knowing God (Packer), 244

KOB Eyewitness News, 123

Kolini, Emanuel, 248

Kony, Joseph, 40, 243

KONY 2012 movement, 40, 243

Korea, 47–48. See South Korea

Korean Unwed Mothers’ Family Association (KUMFA), 285–288

Korean Unwed Mothers’ Support Network (KUMSN), 284, 285–286, 287

Korean War, 47

KoRoot, 281, 285, 287

Kovacs, Jason, 42, 43, 69

Krabacher, Susie, 14–15

KUMFA. See Korean Unwed Mothers’ Family Association

KUMSN. See Korean Unwed Mothers’ Support Network

Kuwait, 279

Kwon Dobbs, Jennifer, 278, 279–280

Kyrgyzstan, 215–216

Land of Gazillion Adoptees, 280

Landrieu, Mary, 11, 137, 216, 220, 221, 222, 225, 231, 234

Language

   of adoption, 96–98

   of Christian adoption movement, 75–76

   positive adoption, 96, 99

Last Harvest Ministries, 102

Latifah, Queen, 2

Lebanese Americans, 211

Legal representation. See Adoption lawyers

Legislation. See Adoption legislation

Lemma, Aynelum, 143–146

Lemma, Maree (Tseganesh), 130–131, 174

Lemma, Meya (Yemisrach), 130–131, 140, 174

Lemma, Tarikuwa, 130–131, 137–146, 141, 171–174

Lemma Debissa, 130–131, 139, 142, 144–145

Leslie, Tim, 43–44

Levine, Shari, 65, 120

Liberia, 195–198, 218

   Above Rubies magazine and, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180

   adoptees, abuse of and, 181–193, 198–203

   adoption agencies and, 180

   adoption process in, 179

   adoption rates in, 178

   adoption reform in, 209–211

   age discrepancies and, 175n, 181, 181n

   Allisons, story of and, 178–179, 181–191, 203–205, 205–207

   child trafficking in, 180, 207–208

   civil war in, 175, 177, 179, 199, 202

   corruption in, 180

   education in, 182

   infant mortality in, 177

   Ministry of Health and Social Welfare in, 179, 196, 207

   missionary work in, 177

   orphanages in, 175, 177, 179, 181, 190, 209

   pipeline adoption cases in, 211

   postwar government in, 179

   repatriation of adoptees and, 189–191

   sexual abuse and, 184, 193–194

Liberian A Capella Boys Choir, 178

Liberty University, Va., 57, 73

Life magazine, 49

Lighthouse orphanage, 9

Little, Cindy, 110

Lobby groups, 17, 55

Loritts, Crawford, 39

Los Angeles Times, 49, 54, 195

Luks, JoAnna, 153

Luter, Fred, Jr., 70

Luwis, Brian, 97, 135–136, 223, 224, 225, 228

Luyken, Maria, 180

Lyslo, Arnold, 50

Madoff, Bernie, 220

Magdalene Laundry asylums, 89

Mahaney, C. J., 58

Maison des Enfants de Dieu orphanage, 5, 28

Malaria, 190

Malnourishment, 184

Manzanares, Robert, 123–124

Marks-Hasenbalg, Kerry, 222

Marriott, Robin, 113

Martin, W. C., 55, 73–74

Maru, Mehari, 134–135, 136

Masha’s law, 221

Maternity homes, 76–91, 267–268

   adoption demand and, 91–93

   childbirth experience and, 80–81, 91

   coercion and, 80–81, 92

   history of, 91–92

   legal representation and, 79, 85

   Mosley, Reanne, story of and, 76–88, 126

   in South Korea, 268–269, 271, 285

   Young, Sandy, story of and, 90–91, 93–94, 100, 9091

Mathewes-Green, Frederica, 114

Matthew, Gospel of, 25, 39, 44

MayWeAdopt.com, 102

McBride, Becca, 68–69

McCain, John, 54, 57

McMahon, Michael, 101

McMutrie, Jamie and Ali, 19

Medefind, Jedd, 17, 18, 43–44, 52, 55, 59, 61, 65, 67, 155, 228, 234, 235, 237

Mercer, Jean, 196

Mercy and Sharing orphanage, 14

Merida, Tony, 55, 73

Methodists, 42

Michael, Angela, 113–114

Mickelson, George, 106

Ministry for Health, Welfare and Family Affairs, 270

Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF), 238, 243, 244, 246, 251, 253–254, 258–260

Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, 179, 196, 207

Ministry of Women, Children, And Youth Affairs (MOWA), 152, 168, 169, 214

Minnesota, 18, 101

Mintz, Steve and Carolyn, 123

Miss Mamma Mia forum, 284, 285 See Korean Unwed Mothers’ Family Association

“The Missing Piece: Adoption Counseling in Pregnancy Resource Centers” (Young), 114–115

Missionaries of Charity, 250

Missionary work

   adoption and, 210

   in Ethiopia, 213

   in Haiti, 7–8, 12–13

   in Jamaica, 45–46

   in Liberia, 177

   voluntourism and, 7

Modernists, 52

Mohler, Albert, 17

Moise, Maggie, 12

Moline, Karen, 21–22, 63

Moody, Anne, 113

Moore, Russell, 16–17, 43, 52–53, 54, 57, 58, 59–60, 69, 70, 72, 73, 210, 216

Moria, Ellene, 134

Mormon Church, 121–122

Mormon LDS Family Services, 121–124

Morton, Rick, 55, 71, 73

Moses, 78

Mosley, Cynthia, 86, 87

Mosley, Reanne, 76–88, 126

MOWA. See Ministry of Women, Children, And Youth Affairs

MTV, 100

Mugisha, Gabriel, 245, 262

Mujawamariya, Jeanne d’Arc, 254

Munyemana, Eric, 248, 260–261

Munyentwari, Alfred, 251–252

Musick, Debi, 81, 82, 83, 84, 87, 126

Musick, Miles, 78, 82, 83, 126

Myhill, Paul, 64

NACAC. See North American Council on Adoptable Children

Napolitano, Janet, 3–4

NARAL, 105

Nason, Dennis and Diane, 197–198

National Abortion Federation, 100

National Center for Health Statistics, 111

National Commission for Children (NCC), 261, 262, 263

National Committee for Adoption, 131

   See also National Council for Adoption (NCFA)

National Conference on Social Welfare (1960), 92

National Council for Adoption (NCFA), 19, 108, 115, 116, 121, 131, 218, 219, 223, 227, 228, 246

National Organization for Women, 100

Nationalism, 142

Native Americans, 47, 83n

NCC. See National Commission for Children

NCFA. See National Council for Adoption

Nelson, Carol, 140

Nelson, Mike and Mary, 171–173

Nepal, 216

Netherlands, 159

New Beginnings Home, 76–88, 126

New Destiny, 209

New England Journal of Medicine, 13

New Hope Maternity Home, Kanab, Utah, 101

New Jersey, 45

New Life Adoption Foundation, 8

New Life Children’s Refuge, 6, 7, 8, 22

New Mexico, 141

New York City, N. Y., 45, 61

New York Foundling Hospital, 45

New York Times, 12, 19, 268

Newsboys, 176

Newsweek, 220

Ngabonziza, Damien, 251, 254–255, 260

NGOs. See Non-government organizations

No Greater Joy ministry, 193

Noel Orphanage, Rwanda, 258–260

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), 20, 152, 230, 256, 262

Norman, Amy, 7n

North America, 5

North American Council on Adoptable Children (NACAC), 96

Nungester, Harold, 5, 15–16

Nzabamwita, Nyanja, 263–264

O magazine, 178

O Solo Mama, 97

Obama, Barack, 21, 54, 112

O’Brien, Soledad, 3, 9–10, 10n

O’Connor, Stephen, 45, 47

O’Donnell, Rosie, 95

“Of Orphans and Adoption, Parents and the Poor, Exploitation and Revenue: A Scriptural and Theological Critique of the Evangelical Christian Adoption and Orphan Care Movement” (Smolin), 98

Office for Orphan Policy, Diplomacy and Development (State Department), 225

Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives, 44, 55

Older children, 33, 64, 137, 138

“On Adoption and Orphan Care,” 55–56

One Child Campaign, 213–214, 215

One Child Policy, 97, 216

Open adoption, 80, 85, 86, 88, 117–121, 131, 268

Open Adoptions & Family Services, 65, 120

Operation Babylift, 4

Operation Pedro (Peter) Pan, 4

Operation Pierre Pan, 4

Operation Rescue, 113

Operation Save America, 113

Operation Vigilant Sentry, 3

OprhansNoMore Project, 28

Original sin, 193

Origins-USA, 93

Orphan, Kristin, 43

Orphan care, 43, 57–58, 224, 234, 257

Orphan crisis, 42, 44, 70–71, 132, 152, 235, 256, 257, 278

   Christian adoption movement and, 61–67, 247

   Ethiopia and, 155, 170, 213–214

   global, 54, 56

   myth of, 132, 152

Orphan Sunday, 55, 65, 244

Orphan train movement, 45–46, 47

Orphan Trains: The Story of Charles Loring Brace and the Children He Saved and Failed (O’Connor), 45

Orphanages

   in China, 216

   education in, 175

   in Ethiopia, 135, 146, 148, 153, 155, 169

   in Haiti, 4, 9, 11, 28

   in Liberia, 175, 177, 179, 181, 190, 209

   in Rwanda, 242, 243, 251, 258–260

   sexual abuse in, 153, 175, 184, 190, 193–194

   in South Korea, 274

   Ukrainian, 25–26

Orphan-care movement, 16–17

Orphanology (Merida and Morton), 55, 71, 73

Orphans

   American perception and policy about, 132

   artificial creation of, 76

   biblical definition of, 107

   definition of, 168

   double, 62–63

   existing family ties of, 6

   Haitian adoptions and, 5, 13

   manufacturing of, 157

   single, 62

   war, 47–52

   widows and, 99, 237

Orphan’s Ransom, 42

Orphan’s Table, 55

Orthodoxy, 52

Orthopraxy, 52

Our Little Tongginator, 98

Overseas adoption. See International adoption

Packer, J. I., 244

Pandemics, 53

Parental rights, 123–126, 133, 174

Parents for Ethical Adoption Reform (PEAR), 21, 63, 171, 225, 234n

Paternalism, 92

Paternity, 123

Patriarchy, 270

Paul, Apostle, 23

P.E.A.C.E. Plan (Saddleback Church), 53, 246, 247, 248, 255, 256

PEAR. See Parents for Ethical Adoption Reform

Pearl, Debi, 192, 195

Pearl, Michael, 192, 193–194, 195, 198–199

Pearson, Robert, 104–105

Pegis, Jessica, 97

Pennsylvania, 101

Pentecostals, 107

People magazine, 217n

PEPFAR. See President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief

Permanency, 224, 225

Petree, HollyAnn, 208

Philanthropy, 46

Philippians, 23

Physical abuse. See Child abuse

Piah, Jerolinmek, 208

Pickett, Richard and Malinda, 16

Pipeline adoption cases, 234

   adoption reform and, 216–217

   Christian adoption movement and, 216

   in Ethiopia, 213–215, 245–246

   in Rwanda, 250, 263–264

Planned Parenthood, 54, 112n

Policy. See Adoption legislation

Pollock, Gina, 171

Polreis, Renee, 196

Pornography, 221, 243

Positive adoption language, 96, 99

Positive Alternatives Act (2005), 101

Posner, Sarah, 57

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 91, 93, 194, 199, 202, 204

Pound Puppy Legacy website, 54, 136, 221, 223

Poverty, 5, 6, 13–14, 45, 53, 75, 138, 147, 155–156, 209, 243

Predestination, 75–76, 97

Premarital sex, 111, 270, 275, 284

President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), 54

Préval, René, 18

Primm Springs, Tenn., 176, 183, 186, 191

Principle of subsidiarity, 11

Pro-Choice Virginia Foundation, 105

Progressive, 52, 277

“Pro-Life Dilemma: Pregnancy Centers and the Welfare Trap” (Mathewes-Green), 114

Prostitution, 23, 130, 208

Protestants, 46–47

Psalms, 44

PTSD. See Posttraumatic stress disorder

Puello, Jorge, 23

The Purpose Driven Life (Warren), 40, 53, 246

Purvis, Karyn, 43

Queen Latifah, 2

Racialicious (website), 5

Racism, 5, 70–71, 75, 233, 280

RAD. See Reactive Attachment Disorder

Rainbow congregations, 42–43

Ranch for Kids Project, 196–197

Rangira, Vianney, 260

Rape, 191

Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD), 195–196

Reagan, Ronald, 18, 99, 106

Reclaiming Adoption (Cruver), 55, 58, 59, 229

Redeeming Orphans, 42

Reform Adoption Bill (Liberia), 210

Regent Journal of International Law, 98

Rehoming, 197, 197n, 201, 202

Reitz, Whitney, 20

Religious discrimination, 44

Religious relief organizations, 4

Rendell, Edward, 19–20

Repatriation, 18, 189–191, 201, 217, 287

Republican Party, Republicans, 221

Resilience (documentary), 280

Respite care, 196–197, 198, 217

Restaveks, 9, 9n Rhatigan, Chris, 20

Riben, Mirah, 93, 119–120

Richter, Linda, 7n

Right Brain People, 115, 116

Rights

   birthfather, 123–126

   of birthmothers, 121

   civil, 70–71

   gay, 53–54

   parental, 123–126, 133, 174

Rightwing News, 21

Ripley, Merrily, 73

Riverkids Foundation, 262

The Road to Evergreen: Adoption, Attachment Therapy, and the Promise of Family (Stryker), 195, 217n

Robinson, Evelyn, 284

ROC. See Rwanda Outreach and Community Partners

Roe v. Wade, 54, 100, 111

Rollins, Lisa Marie, 72

Roman Empire, 52, 99n

Romania, 59, 132, 135, 259

Romney, Mitt, 122, 230

Rothschild, Matthew, 52

Russia, 59, 132, 135, 137, 146, 196, 197, 200, 217–218

Rwanda, 171, 238

   adoption agencies and, 241, 254

   adoption process in, 249–251, 253–255

   adoption reform and, 242, 245

   Christian adoption movement and, 242, 255–257

   churches, partnership with in, 246–248

   closing of adoption program in, 241–242

   deinstitutionalization in, 242, 243

   domestic adoption in, 260–262, 265–266

   family preservation and, 251

   foster care in, 244–245, 262

   genocide in, 243, 244, 246, 248, 251

   international adoption and, 242, 250–253

   Ministry of Gender and Family Promotion (MIGEPROF) in, 238, 243, 244, 246, 251, 253–254, 258–260

   orphanages in, 242, 243, 251, 258–260

   pipeline adoption cases and, 250, 263–264

Rwanda Outreach and Community Partners (ROC), 241

Saddleback Church, Lake Forest, Cali., 39, 53, 54–55, 56, 174, 224, 246, 247, 255, 256, 260

Safe Families for Children, 18

Saigon, Fall of, 4

Sainvil, Jean, 12

Salt Lake Tribune, 123

Salvation, 10, 44–45, 57, 59, 61, 99

Salvation Army, 91

Sanctity of Life, 109

Sanders, Fred, 58

Santorum, Rick, 234

Sapphire, 183

Satan, 9, 104, 209

Save the Children, 10, 18, 62, 208, 235

SBC. See Southern Baptist Convention

Schatz, Elizabeth, 192, 194, 199, 208

Schatz, Kevin, 192, 195, 199, 208

Lydia Schatz, 192, 194, 199, 208

Schmitz, Debra and Tom, 198

Schuff, Karin, 170

Schuster Institute for Investigative Journalism, 65, 132

The Seed from the East (Holt), 48, 50

Sendek (newspaper), 165–167

The 7 Laws of Magical Thinking: How Irrational Beliefs Keep Us Happy, Healthy, and Sane (Hutson), 75

Severe Abuse of Adopted Children Committee, 192n

Sexual abuse, 153, 175, 184, 189, 190, 193–194

Shepard, Joe, 197

Sherman, Lydia, 179, 199, 208

Show Hope, 222

Siegal, Erin, 134

Sierra Leone, 200

Silsby, Laura, 6–8, 10, 12–13, 15–16, 21–24, 27, 34, 35, 36, 39, 227

Simon, Stephanie, 54

Sin, 193

Single motherhood

   acceptance of, 100

   child abuse and, 106

   maternity homes and, 76–91

   public attitudes towards, 119

   in South Korea, 267–272, 273–274, 278–279, 280–284, 284–288

   stigma of, 88, 268, 274, 278–279, 287–288

SinglePregnancy.com, 107

The Single Woman’s Guide to a Happy Pregnancy (Gallion), 107

Sis Sherena, 187–188

16 and Pregnant (TV show), 100

60 Minutes, 198

Slavery, child, 9

Small Town, Big Miracle: How Love Came to the Least of These (Martin), 55, 73

Smith Rotabi, Karen, 135, 156, 161

Smolin, David, 64–65, 98–99, 173, 236–238, 238–239, 256

Smolin, Desiree, 98, 173, 238–239

SNNPR. See Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region

Social workers, 71, 72, 86, 92, 125, 141, 149, 154, 159, 160, 188, 286

Soll, Joe, 93

Solomon, 98

SOS Children’s Villages International, 13

SOS Children’s Villages-Rwanda, 251

South Africa, 146, 147

South Asian tsunami (2004), 1, 22, 220

South Dakota, 105

South Korea, 132

   abandonment in, 274, 276

   abortion in, 267, 270, 277n

   adoptee activism in, 279–284

   adoption advocates in, 288

   adoption agencies in, 268, 269, 271, 272–273

   adoption legislation in, 275–277

   adoption reform in, 279, 288

   Choi, Hyoung-Suk, story of and, 267–269, 270, 272–273, 284–288

   domestic adoption in, 270, 275–277

   international adoption and, 273–279

   maternity homes in, 268–269, 271, 285

   Ministry for Health, Welfare and

   Family Affairs in, 270

   naming conventions in, 270–271

   orphanages in, 274

   reclaiming children in, 272–273

   secret adoption in, 268–269

   single motherhood in, 267–272, 273–274, 278–279, 280–284, 284–288

Southern Baptist Convention (SBC), 7, 16, 42, 56, 57, 58, 59, 70, 71, 73, 113, 235

Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, 42, 210

Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region (SNNPR), 130, 143, 148, 169

Special-needs children, 64, 171, 216, 217n

The Spirit of Adoption (Bohlender), 55

Sponsorship, 14, 43, 61, 138, 202, 237

Ssempa, Martin, 54

State Department, US, 2, 10, 19, 27, 28, 153–154, 167–168, 178, 200, 216, 219, 222, 225, 228, 232, 238

Stinson, Randy, 61

Stoker, Kim, 281

Stolen Generations, 95

Strottman, Kathleen, 20, 222, 224

Stryker, Rachael, 195–196, 198, 217n Stuck (documentary), 229, 231, 233–234

Studdert, Stephen, 18

Styffe, Elizabeth, 42, 247, 248, 255–257, 260

Suicide, 26, 33, 82, 104, 121

Swanson, Jo Anne, 121

Taiwan, 137

TCU. See Texas Christian University

TEAM. See The Ethiopia Aid Mission Network

Teen Mom (TV show), 100

Texas Christian University (TCU), 43

Thanksgiving Baby Lift, 49

“That We Might Be Adopted” (blog), 126

Theology, 55, 57–59, 59–60, 97–99

There Is No Me Without You: One Woman’s Odyssey to Rescue Africa’s Children (Greene), 136

Thermilus, Frantz, 13

This Means War: Equipping Christian Families for Fostercare or Adoption (Ellicott), 55, 61

Thomas, Anita, 141

Thompson, Kate, 188–190, 203–205, 206

Thompson, Paul, 7, 23

Thompson, Roger, 188, 203–205, 206

Tigabu, Abebe, 165–167

Time magazine, 23

Times of London, 10

TLC, 99

To Train Up A Child (Pearl), 192–193, 198–199

Today Show, 2

Together for Adoption, 8, 43, 66, 229

Torres, Jorge, 23

TRACK. See Truth and Reconciliation for the Adoption Community of Korea

Trafficking. See Child trafficking

Trenka, Jane Jeong, 276–277n, 278–279, 280–284, 286–287, 288, 290

Truth and Reconciliation for the Adoption Community of Korea (TRACK), 279, 281, 285, 286–287

Tuscaloosa News, 63, 67

Twagira, Augustine, 258–260, 261

Twietmeyer, Kiel and Carolyn, 217–218n

Tyler, Penny and Ardee, 191–192

Uganda, 40, 67, 171, 242, 244, 265

Ukraine, 25–29, 29–34, 36, 66

UN. See United Nations

UNICEF. See United Nations Children’s Fund

United Arab Emirates, 279

United Kingdom, 94–95

United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), 4, 63, 232, 235, 256

   adoption advocates and, 56

   adoption rates, decline in and, 218, 219–220

   Christian adoption movement and, 56

   criticism of, 10–11, 56, 171

   Ethiopian adoption and, 152, 169

   Haitian adoption and, 10–11, 13, 15, 18, 23

   international adoption and, 11

   Liberian adoption and, 180

United Nations (UN), 4, 53, 62, 230

United States

   adoption demand in, 64

   adoption industry in, 65

   adoption legislation in, 17–18, 21

   domestic adoption in, 131

   international adoption and, 131

   open adoption in, 131

United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 62, 169, 224, 235

Unmarried Mothers (Vincent), 92

Unruh, Leslie, 105

Unwed motherhood. See Single motherhood

US Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), 3, 20, 168, 234n

USA Today, 197

USAID. See United States Agency for International Development

USCIS. See US Citizenship and Immigration Services

Utah, 101, 121–124

Utah Birthfather Registry, 124

Uwababyeyi, Benilde, 250, 261

Values Voters Summit, 112n

Veazie, Pam, 234n

Veleff-Day, Lisa, 172–174

Vietnam, 132, 133

Vietnam War, 4

Village Voice, 106

Vincent, Clark E., 92–93

Vision Forum Ministries, 11

Voice of America, 152

Vollmers, Kevin, 280

Voluntourism, 7, 7n, 256–257

WACSN. See West African Children’s Support Network

Wage homes, 90

Wall Street Journal, 5, 12, 16, 57

Wallace, George, 73

War orphans, 47–52

Warren, Kay, 42, 53–54, 54–55, 69, 255–256

Warren, Rick, 40–42, 53–54, 59, 238, 239, 246, 247, 248–249, 256

Washington State Bar Association, 85

Washington Times, 111, 219, 233

Watkins, Christine, 124

Waxman, Henry, 105

Way Forward Project, 242

Webb, Doug, 152, 155, 168, 169, 170

Wereldkinderen Child Welfare Association, 158

Wesleyan Holiness Church, 6

West African Children’s Support Network (WACSN), 177, 179, 180, 191, 201, 202, 208, 209

Western imperialism, 21–22

Widows, 57, 99, 237

Wilka, Tim, 105–106

Williams, Hana, 192

Wilson-Buterbaugh, Karen, 90, 92, 95–96, 100

Winant, Edward, 200, 211

Winfrey, Oprah, 178

Wodajo, Agitu, 163–165

A Woman’s Touch CPC, 112

World Economic Forum (2012), 279

World Orphans, 64

World Vision, 10, 47, 48, 49

World War II, 273

WorldHelp, 22

Worldwide Orphans Foundation, 65

Wright, Jim, 107–110, 110–111

Wright, Tammy, 108

Wrongfully Detained (documentary), 229, 231

Yahoo, 177

YMCA, 35, 36

Young, Curtis, 114–115

Young, Sandy, 90–91, 93–94, 100, 116

Youth With A Mission’s Adoption Ministry (YWAM), 77, 78, 83, 84, 126–127, 177

Your Choice Pregnancy Resource Center, 113

YWAM. See Youth With A Mission’s Adoption Ministry

Zaina, Nyiramatama, 265

Zambia, 55

Zimbabwe, 146

Zoe Foundation, 11

Zoe’s Ark, 22