The Grande Armée of 600,000 men that went to Russia in 1812 was virtually entirely destroyed. The Viceroy of Italy, acting as Napoleon’s representative in Germany, was able to put together a holding force of 15,000 men, 1,600 horses and 28 cannon while Bonaparte, having returned to Paris on 18 December 1812, set about building a new army. He was fortunate in that he still had 20,000 officers and NCOs who would form the backbone of his new army. In his depots he had at least 10,000 men with a certain level of training. Then there were the 98 companies guarding French warships in their harbours, a total of about 7,000 men. The naval artillery regiments, some twelve battalions, provided him with 12,000 veterans and 4,000 new recruits from the class of 1812. The Municipal Guard of Paris (two battalions) and the Reserve Companies of the Départements (116 companies) provided another 4,050 trained men, and 3,000 men of the Gendarmerie were also available plus about 40,000 veterans of the Peninsula campaigns. Not counting the men already deployed in Germany, Napoleon had a total of approximately 100,000 trained men around whom he could form a new army. This task was to be his main objective during the coming weeks.
Immediately to hand were the 78,000 men in the cohorts of the National Guard, a kind of para-military police force. These were young men between the ages of 20 and 27 who had not already served in the field. Having been called up in March 1812, they were already clothed and equipped in the same way as the line infantry. By the spring of 1813 they had one year’s service behind them and were transferred to the army to form 22 infantry regiments of four field battalions of six companies each and one depot battalion of four companies together with three artillery regiments each of 22 companies.
French Honour Guard. These volunteers came from the wealthier classes of French society. They provided their own uniforms and equipment as well as horses. They formed several mounted units which helped to alleviate the great shortage of cavalry in the French Army. Drawing by Rasset.
Raw recruits were formed into an army of about 567,000 men around this core: 137,000 men of the class of 1813. Their mobilization had commenced in September 1812 and by the end of November these 19-year-olds were in their training depots; 100,000 men of the classes of 1809-1812 not called up previously. They were aged between 20 and 24; 150,000 men of the class of 1814 were called up early. They were aged 18 to 19 and started to arrive in the training depots in March and April 1813; 80,000 men of the classes of 1807-1812. Aged 20 to 27, they arrived in their training depots in May 1813; a further 90,000 men of the class of 1814; 10,000 men of the so-called Guards of Honour. These were volunteers from the wealthier social classes who provided their own mounts and a minimum sum of 1,000 francs.
The total of men thus available in the spring of 1813 was some 745,000. Of these, a considerable number still needed to be trained and equipped. About 20 per cent of this total would either desert or would not be fit for service.
In addition to this came the armies of those nations and states allied to the French Empire. Hitherto troops from Italy and Naples had provided a significant part of the forces available to the French Empire, but for this campaign, with few exceptions, this usual source was not available, being needed to defend Italian soil. A more readily available source of reliable manpower was the so-called Confederation of the Rhine, those German states organized under French hegemony. At the beginning of 1813 this source was already providing 25,000 men and by the time of the summer armistice the number had risen to about 75,000. This figure included 25,000 Bavarians who fought as an ally of the French but unlike other Confederation armies, under its own command. They changed sides just before the Battle of Leipzig. Furthermore, some 16,000 Poles fought under French command, and Denmark raised an auxiliary corps of 10,500 men. The bulk of these troops became available during the course of the armistice or thereafter.
It was fortunate for Napoleon that he was continuing to raise new forces throughout 1813. His losses during the spring campaign at the battles of Lutzen and Bautzen and from a high rate of desertion were considerable. For instance, French losses at Lutzen were about 18,000 men, and an equivalent number is thought to have left the army of their own volition by that time. French losses at Bautzen were some 25,000 men. This rate of attrition could not be sustained without a breathing-space to bring up reserves. Napoleon had started the Spring Campaign with about 130,000 men under his personal command, and reinforcements were constantly on the march to the front. At Bautzen he had nearly 160,000 men at his disposal, but his losses were high, affecting mainly his veterans, troops he could ill afford to lose. The troops in the campaign of autumn 1813 were thus of a lower calibre. The forces at his disposal in mid August 1813 were as shown in Table 1. IX and X Corps are missing from this list because the Bavarian Corps under Wrede was designated as IX Corps, but this number was later given to the Corps under Augereau which was still in the process of formation when the armistice came to an end. The garrison of Danzig consisted of X Corps under Rapp and is listed in Table 2. The garrisons on the River Elbe should also be considered as part of the field army during the opening phase of this campaign because at that time they were in a position to influence operations in the field.
Table 1. Forces (Field Army) at Napoleon’s disposal in mid-August 1813
| Corps | Commander | Men |
| Guard | 58,191 | |
| I | Vandamme | 33,298 |
| II | Victor | 25,158 |
| III | Ney | 40,006 |
| IV | Bertrand | 23,663 |
| V | Lauriston | 27,905 |
| VI | Marmont | 27,754 |
| VII | Reynier | 21,283 |
| VIII | Poniatowski | 7,573 |
| XI | Macdonald | 24,418 |
| XII | Oudinot | 19,324 |
| XIII | Davout | 37,514 |
| XIV | St.Cyr | 26,149 |
| Cavalry | ||
| I | Latour-Maubourg | 16,537 |
| II | Sebastiani | 10,304 |
| III | Arrighi | 6,000 |
| IV | Kellermann | 3,923 |
| V | I’Héritier | 3,000 |
| Girard’s Corps | ||
| Division Dambrowski | 4,000 | |
| Division Lanusse | 11,000 | |
| Reserve Artillery and Engineers | 8,010 | |
| Corps of Observation of Leipzig under Margaron | 7,800 | |
| Total strength of French Field Army | 442,810 | |
Marshal Oudinot. A highly experienced soldier, poor Oudinot is best remembered in this campaign for his defeat at Grossbeeren at the hands of Bülow and his failure to offer Ney sufficient support at Dennewitz. He was twice given the chance by Napoleon to capture Berlin, the capital of Prussia, and failed on both occasions. Painting by Le Fevre.
Marshal Ney. One of the most famous of Napoleon’s marshals. A romantic figure remembered best for bravery on the field of battle. His performance in 1813 clearly indicated that an independent command was beyond his capabilities; his corps came close to destruction at Gross-Görschen, his attempt to outflank the Prusso-Russian army at Bautzen was a flop, he suffered a heavy defeat at Dennewitz. Drawing by Maurin, etched by Delpech.
Marshal Macdonald. This Napoleonic marshal also proved unable to obtain success when given an independent command. Badly mauled by Blücher on the Katzbach, he fought bravely with the rearguard at Leipzig and had to swim the Elster to escape capture. Engraving by Carl Meyer.
Table 2. French Garrisons on the River Elbe
| Hamburg | 12,000 |
| Bremen | 1,500 |
| Magdeburg | 3,250 |
| Wittenberg | 2,318 |
| Torgau | 2,000 |
| Dresden | 5,000 |
| TOTAL | 26,068 |
| Formations in the Second Line | |
| Division Lemoine at Minden, seven battalions, 500 horses, eight cannon | 5,400 |
| Augereau’s Corps (still being fitted out) | 10,000 |
| Milhaud’s Cavalry Corps, ditto | 2,500 |
| Wrede’s Corps (Bavarians) 25,000 men | |
| TOTAL: | 42,900 |
| Garrisons of Fortresses in Poland and Germany: | |
| Danzig (Gdansk) | 25,000 |
| Zamosc | 4,000 |
| Modlin | 3,000 |
| Stettin (Szczecin) | 8,500 |
| Küstrin (Kostrzyn) | 4,000 |
| Glogau (Glogow) | 5,500 |
| Erfurt | 1,874 |
| Würzburg | 2,500 |
| Total | 55,374 |
These men were largely veterans of the 1812 campaign with experienced officers. The fact that they were cut off and could not return to Napoleon’s field army proved a great loss to him. It is true that these garrisons did tie down a large number of Allied troops in observation corps, but most of those corps consisted of very second-rate formations such as Tauentzien’s Prussian IV Corps which was made up of poorly trained and equipped militia.
Taking into account those formations still in the process of mobilization, Napoleon had about 700,000 men available for use in the Autumn Campaign. One can admire the organizational achievement in producing such a large army in a matter of months after having an equivalent force wiped out virtually to a man in Russia. On the other hand, one should bear in mind that significant numbers of these troops were poorly trained and equipped, although it should be pointed out that much of the preparations of raising this new army had been started even before Napoleon left for Moscow in 1812. Finally, Napoleon was now using up his veterans faster then he could replace them. He was running out of time and resources with which to retain his Empire.
Bavarian Hussars 1813. One of the major states of the so-called Confederation of the Rhine, Bavaria remained an ally to Napoleon until only a matter of days before the Battle of Leipzig. Drawing by Anton Hoffmann.
French soldiers billeted in Germany. To many victims of the Napoleonic Wars, this is how the period of French occupation was often perceived – arrogant foreigners lording it up and plundering wherever they went. Painting by Henseler.
General Vandamme. The most unfortunate French commander of the campaign. Entrusted with the pursuit of the Army of Bohemia after Dresden, he had the opportunity of deciding the campaign in his master’s favour. However, more by accident than design, the pursuer was surrounded and his command wiped out. A brave man but the one who turned the victory at Dresden into a major defeat for Napoleon. Painting by Rouillard.
General Bertrand commanded IV Corps in the Grande Armée in this campaign. Always loyal to Napoleon, his performance in 1813 was satisfactory, but then he was never trusted with an independent command. He was defeated by Yorck at Wartenburg after a determined fight. Painting by Delaroche.
Training of this army was largely a rushed and improvised matter. Much training was done on the march while new units were being moved from their depots in France to the front in Germany. One has to admire the rationality and minimal use of resources of manpower in this system. Cannon-fodder was being turned out within a matter of weeks.
A recruit’s training programme ran roughly as follows. The first four weeks were spent in the recruitment depot where he was kitted out and did his basic training. After having fired four blanks and two live rounds from his musket, he was considered fit for service and marched off to the front in a group of about 100 men with requisite officers and NCOs. Further training was given on the march. These companies of recruits marched for six hours in the morning and received two to three hours of additional training in the afternoons. In this fashion, platoon-and company-level manoeuvres were practised. After a time, four to six of these march columns were united to form a batailion de marche, a provisional tactical formation. A battalion commander, normally from one of the Paris depots or from the army in Spain, would then be posted to this formation. The march to Germany continued, the afternoons beig spent practising battalion manoeuvres. By the time Mainz was reached the battalion was expected to be fully trained. Here, Marshal Kellermann (the elder) would inspect the battalion and deal with any deficiencies of clothing or equipment. Several such battalions were then amalgamated to form provisional regiments which were then sent to the front in Saxony, if possible accompanied by artillery and cavalry formations so that inter-arm training could be undertaken. Once in Saxony, the Emperor would conduct a final inspection, the provisional formations were disbanded and the men were posted to their allocated units.
That was the theory, but this superficially remarkable machine broke down under the massive demands made upon it. The first link in the chain to snap were the depots themselves. They soon ran out of kit with which to supply the new recruits. Moreover there was insufficient room in the depots to house the recruits for their four weeks’ basic training and this led to its being cut to a mere two weeks. As there were insufficient firearms, these formations were often sent to Germany without ever having fired a musket. There was also a chronic shortage of officers. Even stripping the army in Spain of every available officer failed to produce enough to provide the provisional companies with one captain and one lieutenant each. This led to officers of dubious quality being called up and for individuals being promoted to officer rank without necessarily having the ability to perform its functions.
If that were not enough, the low average age of the recruits – two-thirds of the army was aged between 18 and 20 – gave rise to a higher rate of sickness as a consequence of physical immaturity. It was not unknown for 50 per cent of a formation to be on the sick list. The battalions arriving in Mainz were thus of varied size, quality and with different levels of equipment. Even the energetic Kellermann could do little but deal with the most glaring deficiencies.
France was a populous country so manpower was an appreciable resource, but horsepower was not. The French cavalry had been wiped out in Russia. A good deal more time was needed to train a cavalryman than an infantryman. France was not a horse country so the military normally purchased their mounts in Germany, but those horse-rich provinces were largely in the hands of the enemy. Those trained riders available in France were sent on foot to Germany where it was hoped they would find mounts. It should also be remembered that not only the riders but also the horses needed training to make proper cavalry mounts. The quality of these formations was very poor. The best cavalry units available to the army in Germany came either from Spain or Poland, but there were precious few of these and the performance of the entire French Army was to suffer because of this. Without good cavalry the enemy could not be out-scouted or pursued. Without good Intelligence, one could not determine the strength and dispositions of the enemy – a positive disadvantage when making the decision to give battle or not. Furthermore one characteristic of the Napoleonic battle was the determined pursuit following it. With insufficient and inadequately trained cavalry, Napoleon might win battles but without the destruction of the enemy army at its most vulnerable – on the retreat – he could not win the campaign.
Napoleon relied on his artillery to compensate deficiencies elsewhere. Experienced gunners were available and draught horses were easier to obtain than cavalry chargers, and there was an adequate supply of ordnance, even if older pieces had to be brought into service.
All in all, the Grande Armée of the autumn of 1813 left much to be desired. The corps commanders had their hands full trying to overcome some of the deficiencies. That summer had been spent constantly drilling the new formations. Even during the armistice, food supplies were irregular and the young recruits, growing lads all, were found to need substantially more nutrition than was normally to be expected. The army approached the reopening of hostilities with 90,000 on the sick list. Desertion was rife. There was, however, a hard core of veterans who would soon take the bit between their teeth and drag the rest of army forward with them.
At senior levels, the French officer corps consisted of highly experienced and well motivated men – arguably the best senior officer corps the French Army had ever had. The lower ranks, on the other hand, consisted in too many cases of inexperienced and unsuitable men.
The French Army may have been in a sorry state at this time, but its opponents were in not much better case.
The theoretical strength of the regiments mobilized for the 1812 campaign was 1,476 men in two field battalions. The Russian battalions present at the Battle of Bautzen in May 1813 averaged 150–200 men each. Even though 70,000 reinforcements arrived in Germany during the summer of 1813, this was insufficient to bring the battalions up to strength. Most battalions were brought up to 500 to 600 men, but many regiments could muster only one battalion. The vast losses sustained in 1812 were replaced by calling up men of the older classes. They marched from their depots in Russia to the front in Germany thereby accustoming themselves to life in the open and the hardships facing a soldier. They were well clothed and equipped but lacked the tactical subtleties of western armies. Only the Jager (light) regiments showed any expertise in skirmish tactics.
Tsar Alexander of Russia. Generally regarded as a benevolent and liberal ruler, Alexander spent the campaign of autumn 1813 at the head-quarters of the Army of Bohemia. His skill as a soldier tends not to be highly regarded, but it should not be forgotten that his intervention at a critical moment in the battle on 16 October stabilized the situation for the Allies. Etching by Katzler.
The cavalry had been reorganized at the end of the 1812 campaign, each branch being mustered in divisions. Including the Guard Cuirassiers, there were three cuirassier divisions, two of chasseurs, three of hussars and three of lancers. Each division consisted of two brigades each having two regiments. The Guard Cavalry (excluding the Guard Cuirassiers) formed a separate division.
The theoretical strength of a cavalry regiment was seven squadrons of 208 men and 179 horses, the 7th Squadron acting as a reserve for the others, but despite having received 14,000 reinforcements, most regiments consisted of only two to four squadrons of 120 horses, although of the best quality, well trained, and with good kit. Together with a sabre, the dragoons and chasseurs were armed with muskets, the cuirassiers, hussars and lancers with pistols and sixteen men per squadron were armed with short carbines so that they could be used as flankers or skirmishers.
The irregular cavalry formations that accompanied the Russian Army – Cossacks, Bashkirs, Kalmucks, Tartars, etc. – were somewhat controversial. German eye-witnesses describe them as being well mounted and armed but undisciplined; incapable of carrying out an orderly attack on formed troops, lacking proper military training, and unreliable as scouts. Eye-witnesses on the French side mention the effect these hordes of wild tribesmen had on them. And one should not forget that the citizens of towns and villages in Prussia, an allied state through which these troops passed, had to take special security measures to prevent looting by what was generally known as the ‘Cossacks’.
The Russian artillery had a good reputation for its guns, equipment and training. Although sources do not agree on the number of artillery companies, it is known that each served twelve pieces. A so-called position battery consisted of four 20pdr howitzers, four medium and four light cannon. A light battery consisted of four 12pdr howitzers and eight 6pdr cannon. A horse battery consisted of six 12pdr howitzers and six 6pdr cannon.
The popular view of Cossacks. At times, they plundered friend and foe alike with no regard for their victims. At other times, they overwhelmed their hosts with their friendliness and honesty. Their name alone inspired fear in the hearts of the French who had suffered terribly at their hands during the retreat from Moscow. Of limited military value, their effect was largely psychological.
Hetman Platow and his Cossacks. This is a most interesting painting that shows details of uniforms and equipment carried by the Cossacks. Schadow/Jügel
The Russian officer corps was a mixed bunch. Native officers tended to be poorly educated. The Guard, however, drew its officers from the higher nobility and certain cavalry regiments also had a solid officer corps. A good number of officers were foreigners, for the most part German.
An army corps normally consisted of two infantry and one cavalry corps. An infantry corps normally consisted of two divisions each of three brigades of four infantry and two Jager (light) regiments. A cavalry corps consisted of two brigades each of two regiments. An infantry division also had an artillery brigade of one heavy (position) battery and two light, a total of 36 pieces.
Russian soldiers. Left to right: Cossack, Kalmuck and Militiaman. Contemporary drawing by Schadow, etched by Jügel.
a Bashkir. From this picture, it is clear why these asiatic tribesmen inspired fear in both friend and foe. Schadow/Jügel.
Duke Eugène of Württemberg. German by birth, he was a Russian lieutenant-general and commanded a corps in the Army of Bohemia. Fought at Kulm and Leipzig. Painting by Lauchert.
General Count Wittgenstein. Replacing Kutusov as senior Russian commander in the of spring 1813, Wittgenstein was a mere 44 years old. He commanded a corps during the autumn, fighting at Dresden and Leipzig. Painting by Dähling.
Table 3. Organization of the Russian Field Army
| Corps | Men |
| In Silesia | |
| Langeron | 34,551 |
| Sacken | 18,353 |
| Wittgenstein | 34,926 |
| St. Priest | 13,586 |
| Guards & Reserves | 44,347 |
| In Brandenburg | |
| Corps Wittgenstein, Woronzow and Detachment Tschernitschew | 29,357 |
| With III Corps | 1,160 |
| With IV Corps (Prussians) | 318 |
| In Mecklenburg attached to Wallmoden’s Corps | |
| Tettenborn | 1,495 |
| Russo-German Legion | 4,475 |
| With Dörnberg’s Cavalry | 1,192 |
| Russo-German Artillery | 363 |
| Total Field Army | 184,123 men |
| In Reserve | |
| Bennigsen’s Reserve Army near Warsaw | 59,000 |
| Roth’s Corps blockading Zamosc | 15,000 |
| Kleinmichel’s Corps blockading Modlin | 9,000 |
| Before Danzig under Duke Alexander of Württemberg | 29,100 |
| TOTAL RUSSIAN RESERVES AND BLOCKADING TROOPS: | 112,100 |
Count Hieronymus Colloredo. Austrian Corps commander with Army of Bohemia. His corps was in the thick of the fighting at Dresden, Kulm and Leipzig. Colloredo continued to serve his Emperor after Leipzig, advancing with his troops into France in 1814. Painting by P. Krafft
Towards the end of the armistice, the Russian Field Army was organized as shown in Table 3.The total strength of the Russian forces in Germany and Poland was thus about 296,000 men.
The Austrian Corps under Prince Schwarzenberg that went to Russia in 1812 returned relatively intact. In January 1813 this corps consisted of four divisions with 25 battalions and 44 squadrons, about 29,000 men and 7,000 horses. In addition to this was the Reserve Corps under the Prince of Reuss raised in 1812. This had been deployed in Galicia (on the border of the Austrian Empire and the Grand Duchy of Warsaw) to act as a reserve for Schwarzenberg. It consisted of four divisions with 28 battalions and 42 squadrons, some 30,807 men and 5,129 horses. The Austrian Army at this time consisted of about 60,000 men and 12,000 horses. Further forces were raised during the early part of 1813 so that by the commencement of hostilities with France in August 1813, the Austrian Army consisted of the forces shown in Table 4. In addition to this, a reserve army was being formed under Duke Ferdinand of Württemberg in Vienna and Pressburg (Bratislava).
At the commencement of hostilities in August 1813 the army was formed into three light divisions consisting largely of border troops (Grenzer); the right wing consisting of five infantry and two cavalry divisions; the left wing consisting of two infantry and one cavalry divisions; and the reserve corps of two infantry divisions and one brigade of cavalry. In September, the army was reorganized into corps after the fashion of its allies. Two-thirds of this army consisted of recruits with three months’ service. They were poorly trained, the more so because of a shortage of junior officers. Sufficient firearms were available but there was a shortage of greatcoats and footwear which became particularly noticeable during the rains of that August.
Table 4. Austrian Army, August 1813
| With the Army of Bohemia (or Main Army) 107 battalions, 117 squadrons, 290 guns, 127,345 men | |
| Between the Ens and Traun | |
| under Prince of Reuss: | 30,079 |
| The Army of Inner Austria under Hiller: | 36,557 |
| TOTAL STRENGTH OF THE FIELD ARMY: | 193,981 |
| Fortress Garrisons: | |
| Prague | 7,320 |
| Königgrätz (Hradec Kralove) | 9,424 |
| Josefstadt (Josefov) | 10,800 |
| TOTAL STRENGTH OF FORTRESS GARRISONS | 27,544 |
Joseph Count Radetzky. Chief-of-Staff of the Army of Bohemia, a very capable officer who helped form the successful Allied strategy of avoiding a battle with Napoleon in person until all forces had been concentrated. Engraving by H. Mansfeld.
The Austrians lacked the enthusiasm of the Prussians and the determination of the Russians, which is understandable given that it was not until shortly before the commencement of hostilities that they knew on whose side they were going to fight. The Prussians were fighting to free their homeland and saw this campaign as part of their war of liberation; for the Russians, the campaign was a continuation of the patriotic war of 1812. The Austrians were merely playing power politics. Although they wanted to end the period of French domination of their affairs, they also wanted to prevent a power vacuum arising which the Russians and their junior partner, the Prussians, would fill. For the Prussians and Russians, the overthrow of the Bonaparte dynasty was paramount. For the Austrians, curtailing it was sufficient, its overthrow undesirable. Their involvement in this campaign was half-hearted and, generally speaking, their performance reflected this fact.
The Prussians started the year of 1813 with a core of 56,000 experienced soldiers. To this, a further 33,642 reservists were added, and 42 new battalions were formed from these men and new recruits. Volunteers from the middle classes were formed into detachments totalling about 5,000 infantry, 3,000 cavalry and 500 gunners. Then came the so-called free corps, of limited military value. The bulk of the rapid expansion of the Prussian Army for the campaign of autumn 1813 came from the militia (Landwehr), adding about 100,000 infantry and 10,000 cavalry to the field army and blockading forces. In total, the Prussians raised a force of approximately 271,000 men of which some 192,000 were with the field army. It was broken down as shown in Table 5.
Austrian Cuirassiers. Contemporary painting by J.A. Klein in the Albertina Collection in Vienna. Author’s photograph.
The Royal Guard and II Corps were attached to the Army of Bohemia under the Austrian Schwarzenberg, I Corps was attached to Blücher’s Army of Silesia, III and IV Corps to the Army of the North under the Crown Prince of Sweden, IV Corps was used to blockade various French garrisons behind Allied lines.
The Swedish Army consisted of Swedes and Germans, the latter coming from areas of Germany then under Swedish control. The latter were organized into two regiments of infantry, a militia which was not used in active service and two small volunteer detachments. The ethnic Swedish troops were partly volunteers, men performing military service to the crown in return for a grant of farm land on completion of their service. The army’s discipline, equipment, kit and armament were of good standard. The officer corps was considered mediocre because of its lack of experience in the field.
| In Silesia | |
| Royal Guard | 7,091 |
| I Corps Yorck | 38,484 |
| II Corps Kleist | 37,816 |
| In Brandenburg | |
| III Corps Bülow | 41,135 |
| IV Corps Tauentzien | 33,170 |
| In Mecklenburg attached to Wallmoden’s Corps Free Corps Lützow, Reiche and Schill | 4,068 |
| Total Field Army | 161,764 |
| Blockading Corps | |
| Before Küstrin under Hinrichs | 7,122 |
| Before Stettin under Ploetz | 10,548 |
| Besieging Danzig under Count Dohna | 8,000 |
| Besieging Glogau | 5,000 |
| Total of Blockading Corps: | 30,670 |
| Total of Prussian forces mobilized: | 192,434 |
King Frederick William III of Prussia. Regarded by some as a weak and vacillating monarch, his main role in this campaign was to persuade Tsar Alexander and Emperor Francis to stand and fight at Dresden despite Napoleon’s presence. Although not the right decision, it nevertheless shows a determined streak in his character. Painting by Franz Krüger.
General von Billow. Prussian corps commander under Crown Prince of Sweden with the Army of the North. Bülow earned his reputation for his role in the Battles of Grossbeeren and Dennewitz. On these two occasions, Bülow prevented Berlin falling into French hands, inflicting heavy defeats on Oudinot and Ney. Engraving by Hüllmann.
Gebhard Leberecht von Blücher. Commander of the Army of Silesia and no doubt the most famous Prussian general of the Napoleonic Wars. Blücher had a passionate hatred of Napoleonic Imperialism. This wily warhorse steered clear of Napoleon in the early part of the campaign, defeated Macdonald on the Katzbach and Bertrand at Wartenburg before joining forces with the Crown Prince of Sweden and marching on Leipzig. Painting by P.E. Gebauer.
General von Kleist. Commander of Prussian corps attached to the Army of Bohemia. He is best known for his role in the Battle of Kulm which resulted in the destruction of Vandamme’s Corps. Kleist was able to move on the rear of the French, thereby surrounding them. The Battle of Kulm more than cancelled out the gains made by Napoleon at Dresden a few days earlier.
Charles John, Crown Prince of Sweden. Commander of the Army of the North and also a Marshal of Napoleon’s, the then Jean Bernadotte accepted an offer of succession to the Swedish throne on the death of its childless holder. Bernadotte was always a controversial character who certainly knew how to look after his own interests best. Unpopular among his peers, regarded as a traitor by the French and an upstart by the Prussians, his successors still hold the crown of Sweden, the only surviving family to have received royal status during the Napoleonic Wars.
Table 6. Swedish Forces in Germany
| In Brandenburg | |
| Corps Stedingk | 23,449 |
| In Mecklenburg as part of Wallmoden’s Corps Brigade Bergenstrohla | 3,814 |
| The Baltic port of Stralsund was garrisoned with men. | 2,452 |
Silesian Militia, August 1813, by E. Rabe, produced early in the 19th century. Note the anachronism – the models are carrying the 1839 pattern percussion musket which was, however, apart from the lock, identical with the flintlock used in the Napoleonic Wars.
About half the army remained in Sweden, deployed along the border with Norway which, being under the Danish crown at that time, was fighting in alliance with the French. The corps deployed in Germany was as shown in Table 6. The Corps consisted of three divisions of six brigades and reserve artillery.
The Swedes too were unenthusiastic participants in this war. Their small force was participating largely for political reasons so that the Crown of Sweden could claim representation at the peace talks, hoping for territorial aggrandisement.
Britain deployed or subsidised in northern Germany the following troops:
| King’s German Legion | 4,506 |
| With Cavalry Division Dörnberg | 1,322 |
| With Wallmoden’s Reserve Artillery | 412 |
| Hanseatic Legion | 3,043 |
The only ethnic British with the above were a hussar regiment of five squadrons, one rocket and two horse batteries. There were a further six battalions of British in the garrison of Stralsund. These troops were still in the process of formation and were lacking equipment.
Scharnhorst. A German patriot and Prussian general whose military reforms helped shape the face of modern Europe. Together with Gneisenau and others, he founded the general staff system on which all modern military command systems are based. Mortally wounded at Gross-Görschen, he never lived to see the final results of his labours. Painting by Gebauer.
In terms of manpower Britain’s contribution to this campaign was minimal. Her efforts came mainly on the diplomatic front and her contribution was largely financial and material. ‘Perfidious Albion’ was behind the scenes conspiring, manipulating and putting together an alliance while her naval and industrial dominance allowed her to move supplies, arms, ammunition and golden guineas to her allies in Germany. During 1813 Britain sent her allies nearly 1,000,000 muskets and pledged them more than £11,000,000 in subsidies.
This consisted of four battalions, four squadrons and two cannon, a total of 6,149 men. The only veterans were in the Grenadier Guard Battalion.
Table 7. Total Allied Forces Available
| Russians | 184,123 |
| Prussians | 161,764 |
| Austrians | 127,345 |
| Swedes | 23,449 |
| Anglo-Germans | 9,283 |
| Mecklenburgers | 6,149 |
| Total | 512,113 |
| Including the troops in reserve, the Allies had about 860,000 men at their disposal. | |
Neithardt von Gneisenau. With Scharnhorst, a leading reformer of the Prussian Army, Gneisenau spent this campaign in the role of chief-of-staff to Blücher, the beginning of a team which pressed on to Leipzig from Silesia, crossed the Rhine in the depths of a hostile winter to carry the war deep into France, capturing Paris in 1814 and which then staged a ‘repeat performance’ at Waterloo in 1815. The staff work for which Gneisenau was famous became the basis for all modern general staffs and showed that the lessons of the Napoleonic Wars had been analysed and learned, at least in Prussia.
ORDER OF BATTLE: FRENCH ARMY, OCTOBER 1813
The figure in parentheses after a unit’s name indicates the number of battalions, squadrons or guns in that formation.
FRENCH ARMY
NAPOLEON
OLD GUARD Friant
BRIGADE CURIAL: 1st Chasseur Regt (2); 2nd Chass Regt (2); BRIGADE MICHEL: 1st Grenadier Regt (2); 2nd Gren Regt (2); Velites of Turin (1); Velites of Florence (1); I foot battery
YOUNG GUARD
1st Division Dumoustier BRIGADE ROUSSEAU: Fusilier-Chasseurs (2); Fusilier-Grenadiers (2) BRIGADE TINDAL: 1st Voltigeur Regt (2); 2nd Volt Regt (2) BRIGADE COULOUMY: 3rd Volt Regt (2); 6th Volt Regt (2); 7th Volt Regt (2); 3 foot batteries; I coy engineers
2nd Division Barrois
BRIGADE ROTHEMBOURG: 1st Tirailleur Regt (2); 2nd Tir Regt (2) BRIGADE PORET (?): 3rd Tir Regt (2); 6th Tir Regt (2); 7th Tir Regt (2) BRIGADE BOYELDIEU: Flanqueur-Chasseur Regt (2); lanqueur-Grenadier Regt (2); 3 foot batteries; I coy engineers
3rd Division Decouz
BRIGADE GROS: 4th Voltigeur Regt (2); 5th Volt Regt (2) BRIGADE COMBELLE: 8th Volt Regt (2); 9th Volt Regt (2); 10th Volt Regt (2) BRIGADE DULONG: 11th Volt Regt (2); 12th Volt Regt (2); 3 foot batteries
4th Division Roguet
BRIGADE BOYER DE REBEVAL: 4th Tirailleur Regt (2); 5th Tir Regt (2) BRIGADE MARQUET: 8th Tir Regt (2); 9th Tir Regt (2); 10th Tir Regt (2) BRIGADE PELET: 11th Tir Regt (2); 12th Tir Regt (2); 3 foot batteries
Guard Cavalry Nansouty 1st (Polish) Lancers (7); 2nd (Polish) Lancers (10); Berg Chevauxlegers (6); Chasseurs à Cheval (10); Dragoons (6); Grenadiers à Cheval (6); Gendarmes d’Elite (2); 4 regts Gardes d’Honneur (12); 4 horse batteries.
Reserve Artillery: 5 foot batteries of the Old Guard; 4 foot batteries of the Young Guard; 2 horse batteries; I Berg battery; I coy pontonniers; I coy Guard engineers; 3 coys sailors.
TOTAL IMPERIAL GUARD: 30,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, 202 guns.
I CORPS formed the garrison of Dresden and did not participate in the Battle of Leipzig; its order of battle is not included here.
II CORPS Victor
4th Division Dubreton BRIGADE FERRIERE: 24th Light Regt (3); 19th Line Regt (3) BRIGADE BRUN: 37th Line Regt (3); 56th Line Regt (3); 2 divisional batteries (16)
5th Division Dufours BRIGADE D’ETSKO: 26th Light Regt (3); 93rd Line Regt (3) Brigade ?: 46th Line Regt (1); 72nd Line Regt (1); I divisional battery (8)
6th Division Vial
BRIGADE VALORY: 11th Light Regt (2); 2nd Line Regt (3) BRIGADE BRONIKOWSKY: 4th Line Regt (3); 18th Line Regt (3); 2 divisional batteries (16).
Reserve Artillery: I horse, 2 foot batteries; 3 coys engineers. 11 Corps total: 17,241 men, 32 batteries, 55 guns.
III CORPS Souham
8th Division Brayer (French) BRIGADE BARON ESTEVE: 6th Light Regt (2); 16th Light Regt (2); 28th Light Regt (2); 40th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE CHARRIERE: 59th Line Regt (2); 69th Line Regt (2); 22nd Light Regt (3); 2 batteries (12)
9th Division Delmas (French) BRIGADE ANTHING: 2nd Provisional Regt(4); 43rd Line Regt (2); 136th Line Regt (3) BRIGADE VERGEZ DES BAREAUX: 138th Line Regt (3); 145th Line Regt (3); 2 batteries (13)
11th Division Ricard (French) BRIGADE VAN DEDEM VAN DE GELDER: 9th Light Regt (3); 50th Line Regt (3); 65th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE DUMOULIN: 142nd Line Regt (3); 144th Line Regt (3); 2 batteries (12) 23RD LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE BARON BEURMANN (mixed nationalities): 10th Hussar Regt (French) (6); 1st Dragoon Regt (Baden) (5).
Reserve Artillery: 2 12pdr batteries (16). (Two 6pdrs arrived in mid September but it is not known to which formation they were attached.) III CORPS TOTAL: 42 battalions 13,034 men, 11 squadrons 1,065 men, 61 guns.
IV CORPS Bertrand
12th Division Morand (French) BRIGADE DE BELAIR: 8th Light Regt (4); 23rd Line Regt (4) BRIGADE BARON HULOT: 23rd Line Regt (3); 137th Line Regt (2); Provisional Croatian Regt (2); 2 divisional batteries (12)
5th Division Fontanelli (Italians) BRIGADE SANT’ ANREA: 1st Light Regt (2); 6th Line Regt (1) BRIGADE MORONI: Milan Guard (1); 7th Line Regt (1); 1st Line Regt (1); 4th Line Regt (1); I divisional battery (6)
38th Division Franquemont (Württembergers) 1ST BRIGADE STOCKMAYER: 1st Combined Bn (Inf Regt No. 1); 4th Comb Bn (both light inf regts) 2ND BRIGADE DORING: 2nd Comb Bn (Inf Regt No. 4); 3rd Comb Bn (Inf Regt No. 6); I foot battery (4). This division had been reduced to three battalions by mid October, but it is not know which battalion was disbanded.
Cavalry Division Briche 24TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE JETT (Württembergers): Chevauxleger Regt Prince Adam No. 1 (1); Jäger Regt Duke Louis No. 3 (1)
Cavalry Division Beaumont 29TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE WOLF (Germans): Hessian Chevauxleger Regt (1); Westphalian Guard Chevauxleger Regt (1).
Reserve Artillery: I battery (French) (8). IV CORPS TOTAL: 26 battalions 6,124 men, 4 squadrons 349 men, 26 guns.
V CORPS Lauriston
10th Division Albert
BRIGADE BACHELET: 4th Provisional Light Regt (2); 139th Line Regt (3) BRIGADE BERTRAND: 40th Line Regt (3); 141st Line Regt (3); 2 divisional batteries (10)
16th Division Maison
BRIGADE MONTENELLE: 151st Line Regt (3); 152nd Line Regt (3) BRIGADE MONTESQUIEU: 153rd Line Regt (3); 154th Line Regt (3); I horse, 2 foot batteries (10)
19th Division Rochambeau BRIGADE HARLET: 135th Line Regt (3); 149th Line Regt (3) BRIGADE LAFITTE: 150th Line Regt (3); 155th Line Regt (3); 2 divisional batteries (10) 6TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE DERNONCOURT: 2nd Chasseur Regt (3); 3rd Chass Regt (2); 6th Chass Regt (3). Reserve Artillery: 3 foot batteries (15); I horse battery (8); 3 coys engineers.
V CORPS TOTAL: 35 battalions 14,892 men, 8 squadrons 3,056 men, 53 guns.
VI CORPS Marmont
20th Division Compans (French)
BRIGADE PELLEPORT: 32nd Light Regt (2); 1st Naval Regt (5) BRIGADE JOUBERT: 3rd Naval Regt (3); 20th Provisional Regt (2); 25th Prov Regt (2); 2 divisional batteries (16)
21st Division Lagrange (French) BRIGADE JAMIN: 37th Light Regt (4); Regt Joseph Napoleon (Spanish) (1); 4th Naval Regt (3) BRIGADE BUQUET: 2nd Naval Regt (6); 2 divisional batteries (16)
22nd Division Friedrichs (French)
BRIGADE VAN COEHORN: 23rd Light Regt (2); 11th Provisional Regt (2); 13th Prov Regt (2); 15th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE DE CHOISY: 16th Prov Regt (2); 70th Line Regt (2); 121st Line Regt (2); 2 divisional batteries (16) 25TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE (Württembergers): Life Chevauxleger Regt No. 2 (4); King’s Jäger Regt No. 4 (4); Horse Battery Fleischmann (6).
Reserve Artillery: 2
horse batteries (12); 2 12pdr batteries (16); 4 coys engineers.
VI CORPS TOTAL: 42 battalions 15,342 men, 8 squadrons 935 men, 82 guns.
VII CORPS Reynier
13th Division Guillemot (French) BRIGADE GRUYER: 1st Light Regt (4); 18th Light Regt (2); 7th Line Regt (1); 42nd Line Regt (1); 156th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE LEJEUNE: Illyrian Regt (1); 52nd Line Regt (1); 67th Line Regt (1); 101st Line Regt (2); I divisional battery (6)
24th Division Von Zeschau (Saxons)
1ST BRIGADE von Brause: Light Inf Regt Lecoq (1); Inf Regt Rechten (1); 1st Grenadier Bn (1); Inf Regt Prince Frederick (1); Inf Regt Steindel (1); Field Jäger Coy (¼) 2ND BRIGADE Von Ryssel: 2nd Grenadier Bn (1); Light Inf Regt Sahr (1); Inf Regt Niesemeuschel (1); Inf Regt Prince Anthony (1); Inf Regt Low (1) ARTILLERY BRIGADE von Roth: 1st Foot Battery (8); 2nd Foot Battery (8)
32nd Division Durutte (French) BRIGADE DEVAUX: 35th Light Regt (1); 131st Line Regt (1); 132nd Line Regt (1) BRIGADE JARRY: 36th Light Regt (1); 133rd Line Regt (1); Würzburg Regt (1); I divisional battery (6)
26th Light Cavalry Division Lindenau (Saxons) Hussar Regt (8); Uhlan Regt Prince Clemence (5); Horse Battery Probsthain (4).
Reserve Artillery: Horse Battery (Saxons) (4); Reserve Battery (Saxons) (6); Reserve Battery (French) (6).
VII CORPS TOTAL: 28¼ attalions 11,587 men, 13 squadrons 684 men, 48 guns.
VIII CORPS Prince Poniatowski (Polish)
26th Division Kaminiecki BRIGADE LINAWSKI: 1st Inf Regt (2); 16th Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE MALACHOWSKI: 8th Inf Regt (2); 15th Inf Regt (2); 3 foot batteries (?)
27th Division Dambrowski
BRIGADE ZOTOWSKI (attached to Ney’s command); BRIGADE GRABOWSKI: 12th Inf Regt (2); 1st Combined Regt of Vistula Legion (2); 1½ foot batteries (?) 27th Light CAVALRY BRIGADE UMINSKI: 14th Cuirassier Regt (2); 1st Comb Vanguard (4).
Reserve Artillery: 2 foot batteries (?); I coy engineers.
VIII CORPS TOTAL: 12 battalions, 6 squadrons approx. 6,000 men, 44 (?) guns.
IX CORPS Augereau
51st Division ? 32nd Provisional Regt (2); 63rd Line Regt (1) BRIGADE AYMARD: 34th Prov Regt (2); 35th Prov Regt (2); I battery (?)
2nd Division Semele
BRIGADE BAGNERIS: 37th Provisional Regt (2); 39th Line Regt (1) BRIGADE GODARD: 121st Line Regt (1); 122nd Line Regt (1); 86th Line Regt (1); I battery (?).
IX CORPS TOTAL: 13 battalions 8,647 men, 14 guns.
XI CORPS Macdonald
31st Division Ledru des Essart (mixed nationalities) BRIGADE FRESSINET (French): 5th Line Regt (2); 11th Line Regt (2); 20th Line Regt (1); 102nd Line Regt (1) BRIGADE D’HENIN (Westphalians): 4th Light Bn (1); 8th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE MACDONALD DE KLOR RENALD (Neapolitans): 4th Light Regt (2); Elite Regt (1); I foot battery (French) (8); 2 foot batteries (Westphalians) (12)
35th Division Gérard
BRIGADE SENECAL (French): 6th Line Regt (3); 112th Line Regt (4) BRIGADE ZUCCHI (Italians): 2nd Light Regt (2); 5th Line Regt (4); I foot battery (Italians) (8); I horse battery (Italians) (6)
36th Division Charpentier (French) BRIGADE BARON SIMMER: 22nd Light Regt (4); 10th Line Regt (2) BRIGADE MEUNIER: 3rd Light Regt (2); 14th Light Regt (3); 2 divisional batteries (16)
39th Division Marchand (Germans)
BRIGADE VON STOCKHORN (Badeners): 1st Inf Regt (2); 3rd Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE PRINCE EMIL OF HESSE (Hessians): Fusilier Guards (1); 2nd Line Regt (2); Guard (2); I battery (Badeners) (4); I battery (Hessians) (8) 28TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE (mixed): 4th Chasseur Regt (Italians) (2); 2nd Chass Regt (Neapolitans) (4); Würzburg Chevauxlegers (1).
Reserve Artillery
(French): I horse battery (6); 2 12pdr batteries (16); 1 or 2 engineer coys (French); I engineer coy (Italian).
XI CORPS TOTAL: 45 battalions 19,405 men, 7 squadrons 496 men, 52 guns. This corps lost 16 guns on the Katzbach but it is not known from which batteries, so it has not been possible to make the correct deduction from individual batteries.
Division Dambrowski (Polish) INFANTRY BRIGADE ZOTOWSKI: 2nd Inf Regt (2); 4th Inf Regt (2) CAVALRY BRIGADE KRUKOWIECKI: 2nd Lancer Regt (4); 4th Lancer Regt (4); I horse artillery battery (4); I foot artillery battery (4); I coy engineers. TOTAL 4 battalions, 8 s.quadrons 3,250 men, 8 guns.
Division Margaron 2nd Baden Line Regt (2); Baden Light Bn (1); 35th French Light Regt (1); 132nd Fr Light Regt (1); 96th Fr Light Regt (1); 103rd Fr Light Regt (1). Total: 7 battalions 4,670 men.
Column Lefol 7,116 infantry, 2,733 cavalry, 6 guns.
I CAVALRY CORPS Latour-Maubourg
1st Light Cavalry Division Berckheim
1ST BRIGADE PIRE: 6th Hussar Regt (2); 7th Huss Regt (3); 8th Huss Regt (3) 2ND BRIGADE MONTMARIE: 16th Chasseur Regt (2); 1st Chevauxleger Regt (2); 3rd Chevleg Regt (2) 3RD BRIGADE PIQUET: 5th Chevleg Regt (2); 8th Chevleg Regt (2); 1st King’s Chasseurs (Italians) (4); I horse battery (French) (?)
3rd Light Cavalry Division Chastel
4TH BRIGADE VALLIN: 8th Chasseur Regt (2); 9th Chass Regt (2); 25th Chassr Regt (2) 5TH BRIGADE VIAL: 1st Chass Regt (3); 19th Chass Regt (3); I horse battery (French)
1st Heavy Cavalry Division Bordesoulle 1ST BRIGADE SOPRANSI: 2nd Cuirassier Regt (2); 3rd Cuir Regt (2); 6th Cuir Regt (2) 2ND BRIGADE BESSIERES: 9th Cuir Regt (3); 11th Cuir Regt (3); 12th Cuir Regt (2) 3RD BRIGADE LESSING (Saxons): Guard Cuir (4); Zastrow Cuir (4)
3rd Heavy Cavalry Division Doumerc
1ST BRIGADE D’AUDENARDE: 4th Cuirassier Regt (3); 7th Cuir Regt (3); 14th Cuir Regt (2); Italian Dragoons (4) 2ND BRIGADE REISET: 7th Dragoner Regt (2); 23rd Drag Regt (3); 28th Drag Regt (2); 30th Drag Regt (2); I horse battery (Italian).
Reserve Artillery: 2 horse batteries.
I CAVALRY CORPS TOTAL: 78 squadrons 6,480 men, 27 guns. This number of squadrons is as at campaign beginning; it is likely to have decreased by October.
II CAVALRY CORPS Sebastiani
2nd Light Cavalry Division Roussel d’Hurbal 7TH BRIGADE GERARD: 11th Chasseur Regt (3); 12th Chass Regt (3); 5th Hussar Regt (3) 8TH BRIGADE DOMMANGET: 9th Huss Regt (4); 2nd Chevauxleger Regt (3); 4th Chevleg Regt (3)
4th Light Cavalry Division Exelmans
9TH BRIGADE Maurin: 6th Chevauxleger Regt (2); 4th Chasseur Regt (2); 7th Chass Regt (3) 10TH BRIGADE Wathiez: 20th Chass Regt (4); 23rd Chass Regt (4); 24th Chass Regt (3); 11th Hussar Regt (2)
2nd Heavy Cavalry Division Saint-Germain
1ST BRIGADE Davrange d’Haugeranville: 1st Carabineer Regt (2); 2nd Carab Regt (2); 1st Cuirassier Regt (2) 2ND BRIGADE Thiry: 5th Cuir Regt (3); 8th Cuir Regt (2); 10th Cuir Regt (2).
II CAVALRY CORPS TOTAL: 52 squadrons 5,679 men, 12 guns.
III CAVALRY CORPS Arrighi
4th Heavy Cavalry Division Defrance
1ST BRIGADE Avice: 4th Dragoon Regt (1); 5th Drag Regt (1); 12th Drag Regt (1); 14th Drag Regt (1); 24th Drag Regt (1) 2ND BRIGADE Quinette: 16th Drag Regt (1); 17th Drag Regt (1); 21st Drag Regt (1); 26th Drag Regt (1); 27th Drag Regt (1); 13th Cuirassier Regt (1)
5th Light Cavalry Division Lorge
12TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE Jaquinot: 5th Chasseur Regt (2); 10th Chass Regt (2); 13th Chass Regt (2) 13TH LIGHT CAVALRY BRIGADE Merlin: 15th Chass Regt (1); 21st Chass Regt (1); 22nd Chass Regt (1); I horse battery (6).
III CAVALRY CORPS TOTAL: 27 squadrons 4,000 men, 6 guns.
V CAVALRY CORPS Pajol
5th Heavy Cavalry Division I’Héritier
BRIGADE QUCUNOT: 2nd Dragoon Regt (3); 6th Drag Regt (4) BRIGADE COLLAERT: 11th Drag Regt (4); 13th Drag Regt (2); 15th Drag Regt (3)
6th Heavy Cavalry Division Milhaud
BRIGADE LAMOTTE: 18th Dragoon Regt (2); 19th Drag Regt (2); 20th Drag Regt (3) BRIGADE MONTLEGIER: 22nd Drag Regt (3); 25th Drag Regt (4)
9th Light Cavalry Division Subervie
BRIGADE KLICKY: 3rd Hussar Regt (3); 27th Huss Regt (4) BRIGADE VIAL: 14th Chasseur Regt (3); 26th Chass Regt (3); 13th Huss Regt (4); I horse battery (6).
V CAVALRY CORPS TOTAL: 47 squadrons approx. 5,000 men, 6 guns.
The loneliness of command. Napoleon dictating orders to his clerk while the clock ticks away in the corner. A rather symbolic view of Napoleon’s position and another illustration of the major flaw in his system of command. Painting by J.A. Meunier.
ORDER OF BATTLE: ALLIED ARMY, OCTOBER 1813
The figure in parentheses after a unit’s name indicates the number of battalions, squadrons or guns in that formation.
ARMY OF BOHEMIA
Commander Charles, Prince of Schwarzenberg
AUSTRIANS
1st Light Division
Maurice, Prince of Liechtenstein BRIGADE PRINCE OF HESSEN-HOMBURG: Jäger Bn No. 1 (1); Jäger Bn No. 2 (1); Emperor’s Chevauxlegers (6); 1 6pdr horse battery (6); BRIGADE SCHEITHER: 1 Bn Brooder Border Troops (1); Jäger Bn No. 7 (1); Levenehr Dragoons (4); Vincent Chevauxlegers (6); 1 6pdr horse battery (6). 1st Light Division total: 4 battalions, 16 squadrons 4,988 men, 12 guns.
2nd Light Division Bubna
BRIGADE ZECHMEISTER: Peterwardein Border Troops (1); Jäger Bn No. 6(1); Liechtenstein Hussars (6); 1 6pdr horse battery (6) BRIGADE WIELAND: Militia (4); Blankenstein Hussars (6); 1 3pdr battery (6) Brigade Neiperg: Jäger Bn No. 5 (1); Emperor’s Hussars (6); 1 6pdr horse battery (6). 2nd Light Division total: 7 battalions, 18 squadrons 9,993 men, 18 guns.
IV CORPS Klenau
Division Mohr
BRIGADE PAUMGARTEN: 1st Walachian Border Regt (1); Walachian-Illyrian Border Regt (2); Hohenzollern Chevauxlegers (6); Palatinal Hussars (6); Archduke Ferdinand’s Hussars (6); 1 6pdr horse battery (6)
Division Prince Hohenlohe
BRIGADE SCHäFER: Josef Colloredo Inf Regt (2); Zach Inf Regt (3) BRIGADE SPLENYI: Württemberg Inf Regt (3); Lindenau Inf Regt (3); 2 6pdr batteries (16)
Division Mayer
BRIGADE ABELE: Alois Lichtenstein Inf Regt (3); Koburg Inf Regt (3) BRIGADE BEST: Archduke Charles Inf Regt (2); Kerpen Inf Regt (2)
Division Desfours
Emperor’s Cuirassiers (6); Oreilly Chevauxlegers (6); 2 6pdr batteries (16). Reserve Artillery: 1 6pdr. 2 12pdr batteries (18). IV Corps total: 24 battalions, 30 squadrons, 24,354 men, 56 guns.
III CORPS Gyulai
Division Crenneville BRIGADE HAECHT: Warasdine Crusaders Border Regt (1); Warasdine St. George’s Border Regt (1); Klenau Chevauxlegers (7); Rosenberg Chevleg (6); 1 6pdr battery (8)
Division Murray
BRIGADE SALINS: Archduke Ludwig Inf Regt (3); Würzburg Inf Regt (2) Brigade Weigel: Mariassy Inf Regt (2); Ign. Gyulai Inf Regt (2); 2 6pdr batteries (16)
Division Prince of Hessen-Homburg
BRIGADE CSOLICH: Kotulinsky Inf Regt (3); Emperor’s Inf Regt (2) Brigade Grimmer: Kolowrat Inf Regt (2); Frelich Inf Regt (2); 1 6pdr battery (8).
Reserve Artillery: 112pdr, 2 6pdr batteries (18). III Corps total: 20 battalions, 13 squadrons 18,698 men, 50 guns.
II CORPS Merveldt
Division Lederer
BRIGADE SORBENBURG (Prince of Saxe-Coburg): Gradiskan Border Regt (1); Kienmayer Hussars (6); Archduke John’s Dragoons (4) BRIGADE LONGUEVILLE: Strauch Inf Regt (2); Bellegarde Inf Regt (2); 2 6pdr batteries (16)
Division Alois, Prince of Liechtenstein
BRIGADE KLOPPSTEIN: Kaunitz Inf Regt (2); Wenzel Colloredo Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE MECZERY: Reuss-Greitz Inf Regt (2); Vögelsang Inf Regt (3); Militia (1); 2 6pdr batteries (16). Reserve Artillery: 112pdr, 2 6pdr batteries (18). 11 Corps total: 15 battalions, 10 squadrons 12,129 men, 50 guns.
I CORPS Colloredo
Division Hardegg BRIGADE RAIGECOURT: German Banat Border Regt (2); Hessen-Homburg Hussars (6); Riesch Dragoons (6)
Division Wimpffen
BRIGADE GIFFING: Froon Inf Regt (2 + 1 militia); De Vaux Inf Regt (2 + 1 militia) BRIGADE CZERWENKA: Argenteau Inf Regt (2 + 1 militia); Erbach Inf Regt (1 + 1 militia); 2 6pdr batteries (16)
Division Greth
BRIGADE WURMB: De Ligne Inf Regt (3); Czartoryski Inf Regt (3); Brigade Quosdanovich: Albert Gyulai Inf Regt (2); Reuss-Plauen Inf Regt (2); 2 6pdr batteries (16).
Reserve Artillery: I
12pdr, 2 6pdr batteries (18). I Corps total: 23 battalions, 12 squadrons 20,735 men, 50 guns.
ARMY RESERVE Hereditary Prince of Hessen-Homburg
Division Weissenwolf
BRIGADE FURSTENWARTHER: Grenadier Bns Czarnotzay; Obermayer; Berger OKLOPESTA BRIGADE vacant: Grenadier Bns Habinay; Portner; Fischer; Rueber; 2 6pdr batteries (16)
Division Bianchi: Brigade Beck:
Colloredo-Mannsfeld Inf Regt (2); Hiller Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE HAUGWITZ: Hessen-Homburg Inf Regt (2); Simbschen Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE QUALLENBERG: Eszterházy Inf Regt (2); Davidovich Inf Regt (2); 3 6pdr batteries (24)
Division Nostitz (under Freiherr von Klebelsberg) BRIGADE ROTHKIRCH: Archduke Francis Cuirassier Regt (4); Crown Prince Ferdinand Cuir Regt (4) BRIGADE AUERSPERG: Hohenzollern Cuir Regt (6); Sommariva Cuir Regt (6) (under Count Civalart) BRIGADE KUTTALEK: Duke Albert of Saxony Cuirassier Regt (4); Lothringen Cuir Regt (4)
ARMY RESERVE TOTAL: 20 battalions, 28 squadrons 19,771 men, 40 guns.
Army Artillery Reserve Reisner 2 3pdr, 2 6pdr, 8 12pdr, 2 18pdr batteries; 4 6pdr horse batteries, total 18 batteries, 112 guns.
TOTAL AUSTRIAN TROOPS WITH THE ARMY OF BOHEMIA: 113 battalions, 127 squadrons 110,569 men, 388 guns.
RUSSIANS AND PRUSSIANS
Commander Count Barclay de Tolly
COMBINED CAVALRY CORPS Pahlen III
Neumark Dragoon Regt (Prussians) (4) (attached)
1st Hussar Division
Pahlen III BRIGADE RUDIGER: Sumy Hussar Regt (5); Grodno Huss Regt (5) BRIGADE SCHUWANOW: Lubny Huss Regt (4); Olwiopol Huss Regt (2)
Combined Uhlan Division Möller SAKOMELSKY BRIGADE LISSANEWISCH: Tschugujew Uhlan Regt (6); Serpuchow Uhlan Regt (4) (detached for police duties) Brigade Knorrig: Eupatoric Tartar Horse Regt (1); Tartar Uhlan Regt (4)
Division Illowaiski
Rodionow II Don Cossack Regt (2); Jaroslawsk Coss Regt (2); Grekow VIII Coss Regt (3); Illowaiski Coss Regt (4)
Corps Artillery Niktin Horse Battery No. 6 (8); Horse Battery No. 7 (12) COMBINED CAVALRY CORPS TOTAL: 27 squadrons, 11 Cossack squadrons 4,136 men, 20 guns.
CORPS WITTGENSTEIN
I INFANTRY CORPS
Gortschakow
5th Infantry Division Mesenzow
BRIGADE LUKOW: Perm Inf Regt (2); Sewsk Inf Regt (1) Brigade Wlastow: Kaluga Inf Regt (2); Mogilew Inf Regt (2); Brigade ?: Bn of Grand Princess Catharina; Jäger Regt No. 23 (2); Jäger Regt No. 24 (2)
14th Infantry Division
Helffreich BRIGADE LJALLIN: Tenginsk Inf Regt (2); Estonian Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE ROTH: Tulsk Inf Regt (2); Nowoginsk Inf Regt (2) Brigade WUSTOW: Jäger Regt No. 25 (2); Jäger Regt No. 26 (2); Battery No. 3 (12); Light Battery No. 6 (12); Light Battery No. 7 (12)
II INFANTRY CORPS Duke Eugène of Württemberg
3rd Infantry Division
Prince Schahowskoj BRIGADE SCHALFINSKY: Murom Inf Regt (2); Deval Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE ?: Tschernigow Inf Regt (2); Selenginsk Inf Regt (1) Brigade ?: Jäger Regt No. 20 (2); Jäger Regt No 21 (1)
4th Infantry Division
Puschnitzky BRIGADE ?: Tobolsk Inf Regt (1); Volhynia Inf Regt (2) Brigade ?: Krementschuk Inf Regt (2); Minsk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE WALKOW: Jäger Regt No. 4 (2); Jäger Regt No 34 (1); Battery No. 5 (12);
Light Battery No. 27 (12)
GUARD DUTIES STAFF AND TRAIN Dragoon Regt Ingermanland (2); 2nd Bug Cossack Regt (2?); Coss Regt Zolotaref (1); Militia Bns Olonetz and Wologda (2).
ARMY CORPS WITTGENSTEIN TOTAL: 45 battalions, 29 squadrons, 13 Cossack squadrons 20,067 men, 80 guns.
PRUSSO-RUSSIAN RESERVE CORPS
Grand Prince Constantine
Grenadier (III Infantry)
CORPS RAJEWSKI
1st Grenadier Division
TSCHOGLOKOW BRIGADE KNIASAM (?): Araktschejew Grenadier Regt (2); Ekaterinoslaw Grenadier Regt (2) BRIGADE ACHT: Taurien Gren Regt (2); St. Petersburg Gren Regt (2) BRIGADE HMELIANOW: Keksholm Gren Regt (2); Pernau Gren Regt (2)
2nd Grenadier Division
Sulima BRIGADE LEWIN: Kiev Grenadier Regt (2); Moscow Gren Regt (2) BRIGADE DE DAMAS: Astrachan Gren Regt (2); Fanagoria Gren Regt (2) BRIGADE HESSE: Siberian Gren Regt (2); Little Russian Gren Regt (2); Battery No. 33 (12); Battery No. 14 (12); Light Battery No. 13 (12)
GUARD (5TH INFANTRY) CORPS Jermolow
1st Guard Infantry Division Rosen BRIGADE PRINCE POTEMKIN: Preobraschensk Guard Grenadier Regt (3); Sejmenow Guard Gren Regt (3) BRIGADE BISTROM: Ismailow Guard Gren Regt (2); Life Guard Jäger Regt (2)
2nd Guard Infantry Division Udom
BRIGADE SCHELTUCHIN: Lithuanian Guard Grenadier Regt (3); Life Gren Guard Regt (3) BRIGADE KRISCHANOFFSKY: Tsar Paul Guard Gren Regt (2); Guard Jäger Regt (3)
RESERVE CAVALRY Prince Gallitzin V
1st Cuirassier DivisionPreradowitsch
BRIGADE ARSENIUS: Chevalier Guard Regt (6); Horse Guard Regt (6) BRIGADE PRINCE KOBURG: Tsar’s Life Cuirassier Regt (4); Tsarina’s Life Cuir Regt (4);
2nd Cuirassier DivisionKretow
BRIGADE KARATEJOW: Ekaterinoslaw Cuirassier Regt (4); Astrachan Cuir Regt (4) BRIGADE LEONTIEW: Glukow Cuir Regt (5); Pskow Cuir Regt (5)
3rd Cuirassier Division
Duka BRIGADE GUDOWITSCH: Military Order Cuirassier Regt (4); Little Russian Cuir Regt (4) BRIGADE LEWATSCHOW: Starodub Cuir Regt (4); Nowgorod Cuir Regt (4)
Guard Light Cavalry Division Schaewitsch
BRIGADE TSCHAKLIKOW: Life Guard Dragoon Regt (6); Life Guard Hussar Regt (6); Life Guard Uhlan Regt (6); Life Guard Cossack Regt (4); Guard Horse Battery No. 1 (8); Guard Horse Battery No. 2 (8)
PRUSSIAN GUARDS
BRIGADE ALVENSLEBEN (attached to Russian Guard Infantry): 1st Foot Guard Regt (3); 2nd Foot Guard Regt (3); Guard Jäger Bn (½); Guard 6pdr Foot Battery (8) BRIGADE WERDER (attached to Reserve Cavalry Corps): Regt Guard du Corps (5); Combined Guard Light Cav Regt (6); Guard Horse Battery (8). Prusso-Russian Reserve CORPS TOTAL: 51½ BATTALIONS, 87 squadrons, 15 Cossack squadrons 35,718 men, 104 guns.
COSSACK CORPS Platow (under Prince Kudascheff) Don Cossack Regt Grekow V (3); Don Coss Regt Kostine (3); 1st Teptjaer Coss Regt (2?); Don Coss Regt Tschikilew 1 (3?); Don Coss Regt Tschernobusow V (4?)
(under Colonel von Bergmann) Don Cossack Regt Schaltanowka (5?); Don Coss Regt Elmurusin (5?); 1st Black Sea Coss Regt (5) (under Prince Schtscherbatow) 3rd Orenburg Cossack Regt (2); 3rd Urals Coss Regt (3); 2nd Teptjaer Coss Regt (3); Don Horse Battery No. 1 (10); attached: Don Coss Regt Grekow XXI (3?); Don
Coss Regt Wlassow X (4?); Don Coss Regt Platwo V (3).
COSSACK CORPS TOTAL: 47 squadrons 4,541 men, 10 guns.
RUSSIAN RESERVE ARTILLERY Hüne
Guard Battery No. 1 (12); Battery No. 1 (12); Battery No. 14 (12); Battery No. 29 (12); Battery No. 36 (12); Horse Battery No. 3 (12); Horse Battery No. 23 (12); Horse Battery No. 1 (2); Horse Battery No. 10 (6); 3 coys engineers. Total: 339 engineers, 94 guns.
II ARMY CORPS Kleist (Prussians)
9TH BRIGADE KLUX: Silesian Schützen Bn (½); 1st West Prussian Inf Regt (3); 6th Reserve Inf Regt (3); 7th Silesian Militia (2); 1st Silesian Mil Cavalry (1);
6pdr Foot Battery No. 7 (8); Horse Battery No. 10 (8) 10TH BRIGADE Pirch 1: 2nd West Prussian Inf Regt (3); 7th Reserve Inf Regt (2); 9th Silesian Mil (2); 1st Silesian Mil Cavalry (1); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 14 (8) 11TH BRIGADE ZIETHEN: Silesian Schützen Bn (½); 1st Silesian Inf Regt (3); 10th Res Inf Regt (2); 8th Silesian Mil (2); 1st Silesian Hussar Regt (2½); 2nd Silesian Mil Cavalry (1); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 9 (8) 12TH BRIGADE Prince August Ferdinand of Prussia: 2nd Silesian Inf Regt (3); 11th Res Inf Regt (2); 10th Silesian Mil (2); Silesian Uhlan Regt (4¼); 1st Silesian Hussar Regt (2); 2nd Silesian Mil Cavalry (1); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 13 (8)
Reserve Cavalry RÖDER BRIGADE WRANGEL: East Prussian Cuirassier Regt (4¼); Brandenburg Cuir Regt (4½); Silesian Cuir Regt (4¼); BRIGADE MUTIUS: 1st Silesian Mil Cav Regt (2); 7th Silesian Mil Cav Regt (2); 8th Silesian Mil Cav Regt (2); Horse Battery No. 7 (8); Horse Battery No. 8 (8)
Reserve Artillery Braun 12pdr Battery No. 3 (8); 12pdr Battery No. 6 (8); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 9 (8); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 14 (8); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 21 (8); Horse Battery No. 9 (8); 7pdr Howitzer Battery No. 1 (8).
PRUSSO-RUSSIAN ARMY TOTAL: 129½ battalions, 156 squadrons, 83 Cossack squadrons 75,122 men, 402 guns.
ARMY OF THE NORTH
Crown Prince Charles John of Sweden.
CORPS WINTZINGERODE (Russians)
Vanguard Woroncow Pawlograd Hussar Regt (6); Volynia Uhlan Regt (3); Djatschin Cossacks (?); Horse Battery No. 11 (12) COSSACK BRIGADE MELNIKOW IV: Cossacks Melnikow IV (?) Coss Melnikow V (?) COSS BRIGADE STAAL: COSS Andrejanow II (?); 1st Bashkir Regt (?) Cossack Brigade Prendell: 1st Bug Regt (?); 3rd Urals Regt (?) INFANTRY BRIGADE KNIPER: 13th Jäger Regt (2); 14th Jäger Regt (2); 2nd Jäger Regt (1) CAVALRY BRIGADE MANTEUFFEL: St. Petersburg Dragoon Regt (4); Elisawetgrad Hussar Regt (6); Yachontow’s Volunteers (2); Horse Battery No. 4 (8) CAVALRY BRIGADE MAGNUS VON DER PAHLEN: Riga Dragoon Regt (3); Finland Hussar Regt (2); Izium Huss Regt (4); Horse Batteries Nos. 1 & 5 (6) CAVALRY BRIGADE ZAGRJZSKII: Nezin Chasseur Regt (2); Poland Uhlan Regt (6) COSSACK BRIGADE ILOWAISKII IV: Coss Ilowaiskii IV (?); Coss Gregow IX (?); Coss Barabanscikow II (?); Coss Loscilin I (?)
21st Infantry Division
Laptew Newa Inf Regt (1); Petrowsk Inf Regt (1); Lithuanian Inf Regt (1); Podolian Inf Regt (1); 44th Jäger Regt (2); Light Battery No. 42 (12); Heavy Battery No. 31 (12)
24th Infantry Division
Sirwan Inf Regt (2); Butyrki Inf Regt (2); Ufa Inf Regt (2); Tomsk Inf Regt (1); 19th Jäger Regt (2); 40th Jäger Regt (1); Light Battery No. 46 (12)
Provisional Division Harpe
Tula Inf Regt (2); Nawaginsk Inf Regt (2); Combined Grenadiers (3); Combined Heavy Batteries Nos. 21 & 26 (12); Horse Battery No. 13 (12).
CORPS WINTZINGERODE TOTAL: 28 battalions, 38 squadrons, 11 Cossack Regiments 24,739 men, 86 guns
III CORPS Bülow (Prussians)
3rd Division Prince of Hessen-Homburg 2nd East Prussian Grenadier Bn (1); 3rd East Prussian Inf Regt (3); 4th Reserve Inf Regt (3); 3rd East Prussian Militia Inf Regt (3); 1st Life Hussar Regt (4); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 5 (8); East Prussian Jäger Bn (½) (detached from 4th Division)
5th Division Borstell Pomeranian Grenadier Bn (1); 1st Pomeranian Inf Regt (3); 2nd Reserve Inf Regt (3); 2nd Kurmark Militia Inf Regt (4);
Pomeranian Hussar Regt (4); West Prussian Uhlan Regt (4); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 10 (8)
6th Division Krafft Colberg Inf Regt (3); 9th Reserve Inf Regt (3); 1st Neumark Militia Inf Regt (3); Pomeranian National Cavalry Regt (3); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 16 (8)
Reserve Cavalry Oppen BRIGADE TRESKOW: Queen’s Dragoon Regt (4); Brandenburg Drag Regt (4); 2nd West Prussian Drag Regt (4) BRIGADE SYDOW: 2nd Kurmark Militia Cavalry Regt (4); 4th Kurmark Mil Cav Regt (4); 2nd Pomeranian Mil Cav Regt (1); Horse Battery No. 5(8); Horse Battery No. 6 (8). Reserve Artillery: 12pdr Battery No. 4 (8); 12pdr Battery No. 5 (8); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 19 (8); Horse Battery No. 11 (8) RUSSIANS ATTACHED TO BULOW’S CORPS: Heavy Batteries Nos.7 & 21 (22); Don Cossack Regt Bychalow II (?); Don Coss Regt Ilowaiskii V (?); Engineer Coys Nos.4 & 5. III CORPS (PRUSSIAN) TOTAL: 30_battalions, 36 squadrons, 2 Cossack Regiments 22,684 men, 74 guns.
SWEDISH CORPS Stedingk
1st Division Posse
1ST BRIGADE SCHULTZENHEIM: Svea Life Guard Regt (1); 2nd Life Guard Regt (1); Grenadiers of the Life Guards (1); Life Gren Regt (2); Queen’s Regt (1) 2nd BRIGADE LEONHARD VON REUTERSKIOLD: Upland Regt (2); Södermanland Regt (2); Nord-Schonen Regt (1); Pomeranian Foot Legion. Cavalry: Mounted Life Guard Dragoon Regt (5); Pomeranian Mounted Legion (1). Artillery: Götha Artillery Division Edenhjelm, 2 6pdr batteries (14)
2nd Division Sandels
3RD BRIGDE BRANDSTROM: Westgötha Regt (2); Westmanland Regt (2); Nerike Regt (2) 4th BRIGADE CASIMIR VON REUTERSKIÖLD: Skaraborg Regt (2) Elfsborg Regt (2); Field Jäger Regt Wermland (1) 6TH BRIGADE BOIJE: Kronoborg Regt (2); Calmar Regt (2)
Artillery Division Geist 2 6pdr batteries (14)
Cavalry Division Skjöldebrand Cuirassiers from Brigade of Life Regiments (4); Smaland Dragoon Regt (6); Schonen Hussar Regt (6); Mörner Huss Regt (5); Horse Battery (6).
Reserve Artillery: 12pdr battery (8); 6pdr battery (6); rocket battery (British) (32); Don Cossack Regt Rebreew (?).
SWEDISH CORPS TOTAL: 25 battalions, 27 squadrons, 1 Cossack Regiment 17,014 men, 46 guns, 32 rockets.
ARMY OF THE NORTH TOTAL: 48,941 infantry. 11,665 cavalry, 5,087 Cossacks, 226 guns.
ARMY OF SILESIA
Blücher
I CORPS Yorck (Prussian)
Vanguard Katzeler Life Grenadier Bn (1); West Prussian Gren Bn (1); East Prussian Jäger Bn (½); 2nd East Prussian Fusilier Bn (1); Guard Jäger (¼); Brandenburg Inf Regt (1); 12th Reserve Inf Regt (1); 13th Silesian Militia Inf Regt (1); 14th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (1); 15th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (1); 2nd Life Hussar Regt (2); Brandenburg Huss Regt (2); Brandenburg Uhlan Regt (4); East Prussian National Cav Regt (4); 5th Silesian Mil Cav Regt (4); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 12 (8); Horse Battery No. 2 (2)
1ST BRIGADE STEINMETZ 1st East Prussian Grenadier Bn (1); Silesian Gren Bn (1); 5th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (3); 13th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (3); 2nd Life Hussar Regt (3); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 2(8)
2ND BRIGADE PRINCE CHARLES OF MECKLENBURG 1st East Prussian Inf Regt (3); 2nd East Prussian Inf Regt (1); 6th Silesian Militia Inf Regt (1); Mecklenburg Hussar Regt (4); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 1 (8)
7TH BRIGADE HORN Life Inf Regt (3); Thuringian Inf Bn (1); 4th Silesian Militia Inf Regt (3); 15th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (2); 3rd Silesian Mil Cav Regt (2): 10th Silesian Mil Cav Regt (2); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 3 (8)
8TH BRIGADE HUNERBEIN Brandenburg Inf Regt (2); 12th Reserve Inf Regt (2); 4th Silesian Mil Inf Regt (2); Brandenburg Hussar Regt (2); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 15(8)
Reserve Cavalry Jürgass Lithuanian Dragoon Regt (4); 1st West Prussian Drag Regt (4); 1st Neumark Mil Cav Regt (4); Horse Battery No. 1 (8); Horse Battery No. 2 (8)
Reserve Artillery 12pdr Battery No. 1 (8); 12pdr Battery No. 2 (8); 6pdr Foot Battery No. 24 (8); 3pdr Battery No. 1 (8); Horse Battery No. 12 (8). 1 CORPS (PRUSSIAN) TOTAL: 32¾ battalions, 42 squadrons 19,546 men, 104 guns.
CORPS SACKEN (Russians)
BRIGADE USCHAKOW: Smolensk Dragoon Regt (2); Courland Drag Regt (5) (detached from 3rd Drag Division)
2nd Hussar Division
Lanskoi Alexandria Hussar Regt (5); Mariupol Huss Regt (6); White Russian Huss Regt (4); Achtyrka Huss Regt (6) Cossacks: 4th Ukranian Regt (3); St Petersburg Coss (4); Don Coss Regts Karpow II; Lukowkin II; Grekow; Kuteinikow IV; Semencikow IV; Ilowaiskii IX; 2nd Bashkir Regt; 2nd Kalmuk Regt
10th Infantry Division
Lieven III BRIGADE ?: Yaroslaw Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE SASS: Crimean Inf Regt (1); Bialostok Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE ACHLESTYSCHEW: 8th Jäger Regt (2); 39th Jäger Regt (1); BRIGADE RACHMANOW: Ochotsk Inf Regt (1); Kamtschatka Inf Regt (1) (from 16th Infantry Division Repninskoi)
27th Infantry Division
Newjerowski BRIGADE STAWITZKI: Odessa Inf Regt (1); Vilna Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE ALEKSEJEW: Tarnopol Inf Regt (1); Simbirsk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE KOLOGRIWOW: 49th Jäger Regt (2); 50th Jäger Regt (1) Artillery: Horse Battery No. 18 (12); Heavy Battery No. 10 (12); Heavy Battery No. 13 (12); Light Battery No. 24 (12); Light Battery No. 35 (12); 1 coy engineers.
CORPS SACKEN TOTAL: 17 battalions, 28 squadrons, 10 Cossack Regiments 12,726 men, 60 guns.
RUSSIAN CORPS Langeron
Vanguard Rudzewitsch Kargopol Dragoon Regt (4); Kiev Drag Regt (4); Kinburn Drag Regt (2); Dorpat Chasseur Regt (2) Livonian Chass Regt (2); 1st Ukraine Coss Regt (3); 3rd Ukraine Coss Regt (3); Don Coss Regt Kuteinikow VIII; Don Coss Regt Seliwanow II
9th Infantry Division
Udom II BRIGADE POLTARATZKI: Nascheburg Inf Regt (1); Apscheronskoi Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE JUSCHKOW II: Rjaschsk Inf Regt (2); Yatutsk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE GRIMBLADT: 10th Jäger Regt (1); 38th Jäger Regt (1). Artillery: Heavy Battery No. 15 (12); Horse Battery No. 8 (12)
Main Body Cavalry:Sjewerskoi Chasseur Regt (2); Arzamas Chass Regt (2)
IX INFANTRY CORPS Olsufjew
15th Division Kornilow BRIGADE TERN: Vitebsk Inf Regt (1); Kozelsk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE ANENSUR: Kura Inf Regt (2); Kolywan Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE TICHANOWSKI 1: 12th Jäger Regt (2); 22nd Jäger Regt (1)
X INFANTRY CORPS Kapzewitsch
8th Division Urussow BRIGADE SCHENSCHIN: Archangel Inf Regt (2); Old Ingermanland Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE REHREN: Schlüsselburg Inf Regt (1); 7th Jäger Regt (2); 37th Jäger Regt (1)
22nd Division
Turtschaninow I BRIGADE SCHKAPSKI: Wjatka Inf Regt (2); Starii-Oskol Inf Regt (2); Olonetz Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE DURNOW: 29th Jäger Regt (2); 45th Jäger Regt (2). Artillery: Heavy Battery No. 2 (7); Heavy Battery No. 18 (12); Heavy Battery No. 34 (12); Heavy Battery No. 39 (12); Light Battery No. 3 (12); Light Battery No. 19 (12); Light Battery No. 29 (12); Don Cossack Battery No. 2 (7); 2 pontoon coys; 2 engineer coys
ARMY CORPS ST. PRIEST
Cavalry Borozdin: New Russian Dragoon Regt (4); Mitau Drag Regt (4); Karkov Drag Regt (4)
VIII INFANTRY CORPS
11th Division Prince Gurjalow
BRIGADE KARPENKO: Yeletz Inf Regt (1); Polotzk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE TURGENJEW: Yekaterinburg Inf Regt (2); Rylsk Inf Regt (1) BRIGADE BISTRAM II: 1st Jäger Regt (1) 33rd Jäger Regt (2)
17th Division Pilar BRIGADE KERN: Rjasan Inf Regt (2); Bjelorsk Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE TSCHERTOW I: Brest Inf Regt (2); Wilmanstrand Inf Regt (2) BRIGADE CHARITANOW: 30th Jäger Regt (2); 48th Jäger Regt (2). Artillery: Heavy Battery No. 32 (12); Light Battery No. 32 (12); Light Battery No. 33 (12).
Cossacks: Don Cossack Regt Grekow XXI; Don Coss Regt Eschow II; Stavropol Kalmucks. RUSSIAN CORPS LANGERON TOTAL: 53 battalions, 38 squadrons, 5 Cossack Regiments 29,164 men, 146 guns.
ARMY OF SILESIA TOTAL: 52,717 men. 310 guns.
