INDEX

Abernathy, Ralph, 191, 192

Abrams, Creighton, 56, 147, 207–209, 222, 228

Abzug, Bella, 256

Acheson, Dean, 151

Advanced Individual Training (AIT), 63, 65–66, 300

Agent Orange, 6, 270, 270, 271, 271, 289, 303, 317

Agnew, Spiro, 134

Air Force Academy, 66

air power

costs of, 70, 108

Johnson administration restraints on, 108

Marine units, 107

McNamara reassessment of bombing, 109

North Vietnam bombing campaigns, 36, 39–40, 68–70

North Vietnamese reaction to, 108

Operation Linebacker II, 234–235

planes and base locations, 107

Vietnamization and, 229, 231

Ai Tu Combat Base, 237

allied forces, 105–107, 106, 143, 275

Alvarez, Everett, Jr., 38–39, 244, 244–245, 245

American Embassy. See United States Embassy

Andersen Air Force Base, 234

An Khe, 87, 89, 98, 290

An Loc, 231, 233, 238, 239–242, 240

Ann-Margret, 100

antiwar movement. See also public opinion

demonstrations and, 171–172, 173

mainstream adoption of, 133, 171, 171–172, 172, 172, 176

Moratorium Days, 207

rise of, 112, 168, 171

social/racial inequality and, 176, 180

Armed Forces Television Network, 98

Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)

after American withdrawal, 250, 253–255, 257–258, 261, 264, 269

American aid to, 22, 31

Binh Dinh Province and, 89

Easter Offensive and, 239

increase in US troops and, 68

profile, 52, 52–55, 53, 54

Rangers, 96, 137, 240, 255, 256, 258, 278

training of, 31

US ground strategy and, 71–72

Vietnamization and, 208–209, 228–229

villages and, 76, 110

Arnett, Peter, 123–124

Associated Press, 123, 262, 286, 319

Australia, 96, 316, 322

B-52 bombers, 51, 69, 72, 73, 79, 81, 97, 105, 107, 111, 121, 140, 203, 219, 229, 231, 234–235, 236, 242, 247

Bach Mai Hospital, 234, 235

Back to the Nam, 300–301

Baker, Carroll, 99

Ball, George, 51, 151

Ban Me Thuot, 141, 143, 255, 256, 256, 261

Barker, Robert (Bob) L., 47, 47

the Beatles, 132, 134–135

Beech, Keyes, 267

Bell, Terrence M., 287, 287–290, 289

Ben Het, 121, 200, 201, 240

Ben Suc, 96, 97

Ben Tre, 146, 178

Bien Hoa Air Base, 15–16, 98, 144, 210, 211, 266, 299

Binh Dinh Province, 77, 87, 92

Binh Long Province, 217, 239

Black Panther Party, 180

Black Panther Party, 156

Bong Son plain, 78, 79, 89, 290–291, 291

Bradley, Omar, 151

Braniff, Bill, 299–301

Brooke, Edward, 176

Browne, Malcolm, 167, 280, 285, 297

Buffington, Nile B., 137

Bui Diem, 261

Buis, Dale, 14, 16, 317

Bundy, McGeorge, 151, 170

Bundy, William, 149

Bunker, Ellsworth, 114, 183

Cambodia

American public reaction to bombing of, 215

as base for Viet Cong, 76, 77, 107

Nixon administration bombing campaign, 203, 209, 213, 215, 217–219, 221, 236

refusal of US aid, 30

support of government of, 224

as US military target, 112, 148

Vietnamese ouster of Khmer Rouge, 18, 56, 277

Cam Lo, 79, 84, 104, 239

Caputo, Philip, 62, 68

Carmichael, Stokely, 180

Carter, Dwight, 210

Carter, Jimmy, 271

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 33, 70, 151, 167, 208, 255

Chennault, Anna, 199

Cheo Reo (Hau Bon), 257–258

Chiang Kai-shek, 19

China, 17, 19, 21, 70, 109

US relationship with, 21, 30, 68, 174, 201, 231–232, 275, 284

Chu Lai, 70, 72, 79, 99, 112, 210–211, 318

Church, Frank, 215

Civic Action Program (CAP), 81–82, 320

Civilian Irregular Defense Group (CIDG), 33, 131, 140, 320

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 168

Clifford, Clark, 149–151

cluster bombs (CBUs), 103

Coast Guard, 66

Cold War, 20, 30, 51, 274–276

Columbia University demonstrations, 185–186, 186, 187

Combined Reconnaissance and Intelligence Platoon (CRIP), 212

Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy (SANE), 172

Congress. See US Congress

conscientious objectors (COs), 177–179, 179

Con Thien, 6, 7, 84, 105, 114, 118, 118–121, 119, 120, 142, 295, 296, 318

Cooper, John Sherman, 215

COSVN (Central Office for South Vietnam), 212, 213, 254, 261, 320

Cronkite, Walter, 146, 147, 147, 193

Cu Chi, 70, 76, 77, 144, 266, 299

Dahlstedt, Kate, 287, 301, 303

Dak To, 105–107, 106, 121, 126, 127, 142, 240, 287, 288, 289, 290

Daley, Richard J., 191, 191, 195

Daly, Christopher B., 130, 132–135

Da Nang, 14, 40, 40–43, 44–45, 47, 84, 98, 100, 112, 128, 231, 258–260, 314, 314

Darlac Province, 141, 255, 256

Davis, Sammy L., 116–117, 117

Davis, William W. “Sonny,” Jr., 293, 293–296

Deck House IV, 84

Defense Attaché’s Office (DAO), 253, 260, 264, 267

De Gaulle, Charles, 30, 275

demilitarized zone (DMZ), 31, 48, 79–80, 84, 86–87, 104–105, 114, 118–119, 120–121, 131, 137, 199, 224, 231, 237, 239, 254, 294, 320

1968 Democratic National Convention, 174, 190, 190–195, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195

demonstrations

antiwar, 133, 171, 171–172, 172, 173, 176, 178, 213, 215

pro-war, 181

Buddhist, 24, 24, 167

Columbia University and, 185–186, 186, 187

Democratic National Convention and, 134, 190–193, 193, 194, 195

Kent State University and, 214, 215

march on Washington, 50

Martin Luther King Jr. assassination and, 133

racially motivated, 134

radical feminist, 134

DePuy, William E., 77, 97, 153

De Rhodes, Alexandre, 17, 316

Dewey, Peter, 15

Dien Bien Phu, 21, 42, 57, 130, 140–141, 276

Dong Ha, 79, 80, 118, 239, 318

Don Luan, 255

Dougan, Clark, 273–279

draft, 59–60, 63, 63, 110, 168, 176–177, 178–179, 180, 182, 206, 225, 293, 297, 300

drugs, 227–228, 270

Duncan, David Douglas, 120

Duong Van Minh, 265, 266, 267, 317

Dylan, Bob, 132, 135

Easter Offensive, 57, 231, 237, 237, 239–242

East-West conference (Geneva), 21, 57, 317, 320

Ehrhart, Bill, 61–62, 296, 296–299, 297

Eisenhower, Dwight, 21, 22, 23, 31, 42, 57, 201, 275, 277

Ellsberg, Daniel, 283, 283–284, 318

English, Lowell, 131

Enthoven, Alain, 149

Ervin, Sam, 174

Esper, George, 262, 319

Fall of Saigon Marines Association, 27

Fire Support Base Mary Ann, 224

Ford, Gerald, 255–256, 264, 266–267, 269

Fort Benning, Georgia, 66, 68, 287

Fort Bragg, North Carolina, 47

Fort Dix, New Jersey, 60, 61, 63, 65

Fort Gordon, Georgia, 60, 63

Fort Jackson, South Carolina, 60, 300

Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri, 60

Fort Ord, California, 60

Fort Polk, Louisiana, 60

Fort Sill, Oklahoma, 66

Forward Base Cudgel, 116

Foxx, Peace, 303

“fraggings,” 225

France, 17–21, 30, 56, 133, 275, 276, 316, 317

Fulbright, J. William, 31, 172, 174, 176

Gayler, Noel, 264

Gelb, Arthur, 132

Gelb, Leslie, 283

Geneva agreements. See East-West conference (Geneva)

Gia Lam Airport, 236, 242, 247

Goldberg, Arthur, 151, 153

Goldwater, Barry, 38, 168–169, 174, 199

Great Society, 30, 51, 83, 170, 177, 180, 191

Green Berets, 33, 131

Gruening, Ernest, 37, 171, 317

Guam, 15, 72, 107, 234, 266

Gulf of Tonkin incident, 36–38, 56, 168, 244, 317

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, 37, 37–38, 170, 171, 176, 215, 317

Habib, Philip, 153

Hahn, Jeffrey, 174–175

Haiphong, 19, 39, 69, 224, 232, 234

Halberstam, David, 11, 280–281, 284–286, 285

Hallin, Daniel, 279

Hanoi, 35, 39, 69–70, 108, 137, 224, 232, 234–235, 236, 246–247, 262, 276–277, 279, 315, 315

Hanoi Hilton (Hoa Lo Prison), 10, 242, 244–245, 315, 315

Harper, Ronald W., 152

Harriman, W. Averell, 198, 200

Harsch, Joseph, 269

Hatfield, Mark, 176, 215

Heath, Richard, 140

Helberg, Mark, 303

helicopters, 43, 47, 52, 58, 65, 66, 72, 73, 76, 77, 79, 80, 84, 89, 91, 103, 104, 107, 119, 122–124, 126–127, 137, 164, 164–165, 165, 213, 216, 217, 218, 223–224, 228, 229, 231, 240, 246, 258, 265, 266, 267, 285, 286, 321

Bell UH-1 Iroquois (Huey), 58, 73, 77, 164–165, 216, 321

Herr, Michael, 140

Hershey, Lewis B., 60, 63, 63

Hibbs, Robert J., 97

Hill 312, 43, 44, 45, 46

Hill 400, 84–86

Hill 484, 86, 86

Hill 724, 287, 288, 289

Hill 875, 107, 114, 121–127, 123, 124, 125, 127. See also Dak To

Hill 881 N, 79, 82, 83, 131, 136

Hill 881 S, 131

Hills 861, 131, 138

Hoa Lo Prison (Hanoi Hilton), 242, 244–245, 315, 315

Ho Chi Minh

Cold War and, 276

declaration of independence, 15, 20

early life, 18–19

Paris peace talks and, 205–206

partition of Vietnam and, 21

pictured, 18, 20

Vo Nguyen Giap and, 57, 130

Tet Offensive and, 142–143

US view of, 174, 178, 276

Ho Chi Minh Campaign, 265

Ho Chi Minh City. See Saigon

Ho Chi Minh Trail, 6, 23, 33, 69, 109, 131, 224, 228, 229, 320, 321

Hodierne, Robert, 290, 290–293, 291

Hoi An, 143, 297

Holland, George, 25–26

Hon Gai, 37, 244

Hon Me, 36

Howard, John, 242

Howell, Haney, 280

Hue

after American withdrawal, 258–259

massacre at, 160

NVA capture of, 14

pictured, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163M>, 314

psychology importance of, 156

Radio Freedom, 43

Tet Offensive and, 143, 145–146, 147, 156–163

today, 297, 298, 314, 314

Humphrey, Hubert, 134, 168, 169, 183, 188, 190, 192, 192–193, 195, 198–200

Ia Drang Valley, 73, 76, 87, 89

Indonesia, 30, 236, 277

Institute for Defense Analysis (IDA), 185

International Commission of Control and Supervision (ICCS), 236, 249, 250

International Red Cross, 243

Japan, 15, 19–20, 57, 199, 275–276

Johnson, Harold K., 61

Johnson, James H., 123

Johnson, Lyndon Baines

attempt to find peace initiative, 150–151, 153–154, 153, 169–170

bombing target restraints and, 108

buildup to war and, 29–31, 39, 46, 170

choice not to seek reelection, 133, 147, 153–154, 153

Civil Rights Act of 1964, 168

Cronkite and, 147

election to full term, 38, 168

Great Society reforms, 51, 83, 170

Gulf of Tonkin incident, 36–37

Khe Sahn and, 130, 137, 140, 141, 146

Laos and Cambodia and, 112

Operation Rolling Thunder and, 39–40, 112

Paris talks and, 198–199, 200

pictured, 114, 141, 151, 153, 169

public opinion and, 38, 49–51, 68, 108, 149, 169–170, 183–184

public relations campaign of, 51, 114

Tet Offensive and, 146, 148

“wise men” meeting and, 151

Johnston, Bill, 305–306

Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS), 36, 39–40, 42, 46, 49, 51, 59, 69, 137, 146, 149, 151, 203, 234

Joint Military Commission, 250

Jordan, B. Everett, 174

journalism, 120, 127, 132–135, 147, 149, 170–171, 182–184, 279–282

Judge, Darwin, 13, 15, 25, 25–27

Kaufman, Harold, 122

Kennedy, Edward (Ted), 26, 190, 253

Kennedy, John F., 23, 23–24, 29–30, 42–43, 52, 60, 73, 147, 168, 170, 275, 284–285

Kennedy, Robert F., 133, 150, 174, 184, 187–189, 188, 189, 190

Kent State University, 174, 214, 215

Khe Sanh

combat in, 104, 136–138, 140–141

Giap strategy and, 142

Johnson and, 130, 137, 140, 141, 146

Khe Sanh Combat Base, 131, 137, 155–156, 223

pictured, 136, 138, 139, 155

public opinion and, 130

relief of Marines, 155, 155

Westmoreland and, 130–131, 136

Kiley, Michael, 122

King, Coretta Scott, 172

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 133, 169, 172, 173, 174, 180, 184–185, 185, 191, 225–226

Kinnard, Harry W. O., 73, 87, 89, 92

Kissinger, Henry, 199, 202, 203, 206, 213, 232, 232–233, 235, 236, 236, 247, 250, 253, 267

Komer, Robert W., 183

Kontum, 143, 231, 240–241, 256

Kontum Province, 72, 104, 121

Kopkind, Andrew, 176

Korea

Korean forces in Vietnam, 96

Korean War, 23, 24, 102, 201, 274, 274–275, 305, 321

Lach Chao Estuary, 37

Lai Khe, 144, 238

Laird, Melvin, 204, 206

Landing Zone (LZ) Albany, 73

Landing Zone (LZ) X-Ray, 73

Lang Vei, 131, 140

Laos

Lam Son 719, 224, 229, 230, 231

Nixon administration bombing campaign, 221, 236

as rear base for NVA, 104

support of government of, 224

as US military target, 112, 131, 148

Le Duan, 254, 255

Le Duc Tho, 232, 233, 236, 236, 247, 261

Lee, Alex, 281–282, 282

Lee, Frank, 281–282, 282

Leiser, Ernest, 147

LeMay, Curtis, 199

Le My, 43, 45, 71

Lin, Maya, 281, 308

Lindseth, Alfred, 126

Lippmann, Walter, 170–171

Lisagor, Peter, 183

Locke, Ken, 27

Loc Ninh, 77, 105, 142, 239, 261

Lodge, Henry Cabot, 30, 36, 151, 286

Long Binh, 70, 210–211, 299

Long Khanh Province, 75

Long Thanh, 76–77

Lon Nol, 213, 223

Lownds, David E., 140

MacDonald, Bob, 101

Maddox (USNS), 36–37, 37, 317

maps

Corps Tactical Zones, 67

Ho Chi Minh Trail, 109

Tet Offensive, 143

Vietnam in 1965, 48

Marine Security Guard Battalion, 25

Martin, Graham, 15, 261, 263–264, 266–267

Mayer, Jim, 304–305

McCarthy, Eugene, 150, 174, 184, 187–88, 190, 192, 195

McCawley, Andy, 304

McGovern, George, 190, 215

McMahon, Charlie, 13, 15, 16, 25–27, 26

McNamara, Robert S., 23, 30, 31, 36, 37, 39, 51, 56, 70, 105, 109, 112, 151, 168, 176, 183, 276–277, 277, 279, 283, 284

McNamara Line, 105, 114

media, 120, 127, 132–135, 149, 170–171, 182–184, 279–282

medical personnel, 110, 122, 124

Mekong Delta, 53–54, 70, 116–117, 143, 252, 254, 269, 286

today, 302, 303

Melis, Richard, 164, 164–165

Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG), 15, 21, 52, 317

Military Assistance Command, Vietnam (MACV), 34, 36, 46, 50–51, 56, 68, 72, 76, 81–82, 98, 102, 107, 109–110, 121, 131, 137, 148, 156, 215, 222, 228, 280–281, 282, 286, 288, 321

missing in action (MIA), 271, 290, 321

Mohr, Charles, 183

Montagnards, 33, 34, 131, 302, 303, 320, 321

Moore, Harold G. “Hal,” 73, 89–91

Moorer, Thomas, 234

Moratorium Day, 207

Morse, Wayne, 37, 171

Muller, Robert, 271

Mutter’s Ridge, 6, 10 86, 93

My Lai massacre, 227, 318

Nanking massacre, 19

National Guard, 174, 177, 184, 191, 193, 195, 214, 215

National League of Families of American Prisoners and Missing in Southeast Asia, 246

National Liberation Front (NLF), 23, 55, 83, 145, 156, 160–162, 199, 202, 232, 236, 250, 273, 322

National Mobilization Committee to End the War, 190

National Security Agency, 199

New England Center for Homeless Veterans (NESHV), 303–304

Newton, Huey, 180

New Zealand, 96

Ngo Dinh Diem, 21–22, 22, 24, 30, 167, 297, 317

Ngo Dinh Nhu, 24

Ngo Quang Truong, 156, 241, 258

Ngo Quyen, 17, 316

Nguyen Cao Ky, 35, 35, 50

Nguyen Hiu Co, 35

Nguyen Khanh, 34–35, 50

Nguyen Ngoc Loan, 146, 148

Nguyen Van Thieu

Easter Offensive and, 239

as head of civilian government, 50

Marine presence and, 40

Paris talks and, 200, 232–234, 236

pictured, 204

resignation of, 264

Vietnamization policy and, 204, 229

war after American withdrawal and, 250, 252–253, 255–256, 259, 261

Nha Trang, 98, 143, 256, 257, 258, 259, 260, 261, 263

Nicholson, Ed, 306

Nixon, Richard

aid to Vietnam after withdrawal, 250

antiwar protests and, 206–207, 213, 215

Cambodian bombing campaign, 174, 203, 209, 213, 217–219

Congressional challenges and, 215

election campaign, 132, 197–199

election, 134, 200–201

Kissinger and, 201–202

Operation Linebacker II, 234–235

Paris peace talks, 204, 206, 233–235

pictured, 196, 198, 204, 252

post–Tet Offensive and, 202–203

POWs and, 246

public opinion and, 204, 206–207

Vietnamization policy, 203, 204, 207–208

Watergate scandal, 253

North, Don, 278

North Vietnamese Army (NVA)

after American withdrawal, 250, 252–258, 261, 263–264

fall of Saigon and, 265–266

Ho Chi Minh Campaign, 265

numbers of, 72

Operation Hastings and, 79–80

Operation Prairie and, 80

replacement rates, 109–112

strategy of, 138, tactics of, 71, 104

Tet Offensive and, 142

victory at Saigon, 15

Vietnam evacuation and, 14

Nuernberger, Howard, 210–211

Office of Strategic Services (OSS), 15, 20, 276, 316

Officer Candidate School (OCS), 63, 66, 68, 210, 290

operations, military

Attleboro, 80–82

Birmingham, 77, 318

Bold Mariner, 78

Cedar Falls, 95, 96, 97, 102, 318

Crazy Horse, 92

Crimp, 76

Davy Crockett, 92

DeSoto, 36

Dewey Canyon, 205

Dewey Canyon II, 223–224, 230

Double Eagle, 73

El Paso II, 77

Flaming Dart, 39

Frequent Wind, 267

Hastings, 79–80, 80, 318

Hickory, 104

Irving, 74, 92

Jackstay, 74

Jefferson Glenn, 224

Junction City, 102–103, 103, 318

Lam Son 719, 224, 229, 230, 318

Linebacker, 231–232, 318

Linebacker II, 234–235

Mallet, 76

Marauder, 76

Masher/White Wing, 77, 87, 91–92

Menu, 203

Neutralize, 120–121

Niagara, 137

Oregon, 102

Outreach, 271

Pegasus, 154, 318

Pierce Arrow, 37

Prairie, 80, 85, 84–87, 86, 87, 88, 93

Rolling Thunder, 39–40, 45, 59, 68–69, 69–70, 108, 112, 232, 317, 318

Sam Houston, 104

Starlite, 72

Thayer, 74, 92

34-Alpha, 34, 36

Tiger Hound, 69–70

Utah, 79

Wahiawa, 77

Ovnand, Chester, 14, 16, 16, 317

Owens, Ron, 300–301

paratroopers, 72, 76, 81, 97, 103, 105–106, 121–127, 124, 127, 144, 222, 224, 271

ARVN Airborne Division, 229, 241–242, 258

Paris Peace Accords, 26, 249, 318

Paris peace talks, 198–200, 235

Parris Island, South Carolina, 60, 294, 297

Parrot’s Beak, 213

Paul Doumer Bridge, 108

Pearl Harbor, 20, 29

Peers, William R., 126

Pentagon Papers, 42, 282–284, 283, 318

People’s Special Forces groups, 33

Percy, Charles, 176

petroleum, oil and lubricants (POL) assault, 69

Pham Hung, 254, 261

Pham Van Phu, 256, 258

Phoenix Program, 208–209

Phu Bai, 98, 156

Phung Du, 89

Phuoc Binh, 255

Phuoc Loi, 37

Phuoc Long Province, 105, 255

Phuoc Tuy Province, 77

Pizzi, Joseph, 240

Pleiku, 39, 70, 104, 141, 143, 256, 257, 258, 287

Plei Me, 73

Plumley, Basil, 89–90

Pol Pot, 18, 56

Popp, Adam, 305

post–Tet Offensive, 202

posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 270–271, 281–282, 287, 288, 322

Potratz, Doug, 25, 27

prisoners of war (POWs), 107, 204, 235–237, 242, 242–247, 243, 245, 246, 247, 292

Project 100,000, 177

Project Delta, 34

Project Healing Waters, 306, 307

Project Leaping Lena, 34

protests. See demonstrations

Provisional Revolutionary Government (PRG), 235–236, 250, 252–253

psy-ops forces, 132

PTSD. See posttraumatic stress disorder

public opinion. See also antiwar movement

American casualties and, 110, 112

confusion in, 112

Johnson and, 49–50, 68, 108

prisoners of war and, 247

rise of antiwar movement and, 112, 168, 171

Tet Offensive and, 130, 183–184

working-class white, 182

Purdie, Jeremiah, 92, 93

Quang Khe, 37

Quang Ngai Province, 50, 73, 78, 79, 102, 224, 316

Quang Tin Province, 224

Quang Tri City, 79, 98, 137, 138, 143, 231, 237, 239, 241–242

Quang Tri Province, 80, 84, 130, 137, 138, 294, 155–156, 241. See also Khe Sahn

Quay, James, 178, 178–179

Qui Nhon, 39, 74, 98, 142, 143, 210

race riots, 184, 184–185

Radio Freedom, 33

Radio Hanoi, 142

refugees, 92, 111, 237, 256, 257, 257–259, 259, 260, 263, 267, 267

Resolution for 1975, 254

Reunification Day, 15

Reynolds, Jon A., 247

Richter, Ruediger, 75

Ridgway, Matthew, 42, 151

rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs), 120, 165, 210, 211, 217, 296–298, 322

Rogers, William, 206

Rolling Stone, 135

Roosevelt, Franklin, 15, 20, 275, 316

Rostow, Walt W., 51, 141, 150, 183

Rowe, James L., Jr., 150

Rudd, Mark, 133, 186, 186

Rung Sat, 74, 77

Rural Development (RD) Program, 82

Rusk, Dean, 23, 30, 30, 151, 150, 183

Russell, Richard, 204

Ryman, Roger, 84

Saigon

after American withdrawal, 258, 261

armed forces stationed in, 70, 100

defense of, 76, evacuation of, 15, 264–267, 269

fall of, 265–267, 269

Ho Chi Minh Campaign, 261

Tet Offensive and, 141, 143–145, 145

today, 312, 312, 313

US Embassy in, 46, 144

Sanford, Terry, 174, 175

Santoli, Al, 212

Santos, Ruben, 136

Scheer, Robert, 176

Schlesinger, Arthur, 43

Schlesinger, James, 267

Schwarzkopf, Norman, 278, 278

Schweiter, Leo H., 121

Scotton, Frank, 33

Scruggs, Jan C., 271, 308–309

Selective Service System (SSS). See draft

Senate Armed Services Committee, 172, 176, 264

Sharp, U. S. Grant, 37

Sheehan, John G., 125

Sheehan, Neil, 11, 182, 280, 283, 284, 285, 286

shell shock, 120, 161

Shumaker, Bob, 244

Siggers, Jack, 122

Sihanouk, Norodom, 30, 213

Smith, Homer, 263

Smith, Ken, 303

Smith, Richard B., 118

Snuol (Cambodia), 218–219

Soldier’s Heart, 287, 287, 289, 290, 301, 301, 302, 303

Son Tay Prison, 245, 246–247

Soto, Rudy, 152

South Vietnamese Army. See Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN)

Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, 37

Southeast Asia Pictorial Center (SEAPC), 210–211

Southeast Asia Resolution, 37–38, 171, 176

Soviet Union, 6, 18, 19, 21, 68, 70, 109, 201, 232, 174, 274

Spencer, Daniel E., 75

Spock, Benjamin, 172

Starry, Donn, 217

Stennis, John C., 108

Stevens, Howard, 34

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC), 180

Studies and Observation Group (SOG), 34, 322

Sukarno, President, 30

surface-to-air missiles (SAMs), 40, 109, 231, 234

Takenaga, Kazunori (Ken), 296, 296–298, 297

Tam Ky, 143, 303

Tan My, 258

Tan Nguyen, 254

Tan Son Nhut Air Base, 12, 13–15, 25, 98, 222, 144, 263, 264, 266–267, 300

Taylor, Maxwell, 35, 39, 40, 42–43, 46, 51, Khe Sanh and, 131, “wise men” meeting and, 151

Tay Ninh, 70, 77, 212, 264, 266

Tay Ninh Province, 252, 318

television, 98–99. See also journalism, media

Tet Offensive

American reaction to, 130, 146

Cronkite and, 146, 147

events of, 142–145, 143, 210–211

Giap and, 57

indications before, 141–142

Johnson and, 146, 148–149

journalism and, 132

Khe Sahn and, 140

military knowledge of, 136

US Embassy and, 152

Westmoreland and, 56, 145–146

Thailand, 17, 19, 26, 43, 44, 60, 72, 107, 231, 277

Thomas, Norman, 172

Thorsness, Leo, 243

Thua Thien Province, 138, 224

Tick, Edward, 287, 289, 289–290, 301, 301, 303

Ticonderoga (USNS), 36, 36, 99

Tompkins, Rathvon McClure, 138

Tonc, La Thanh, 137–138

Tran Van Do, 144, 146

Tran Van Huong, 266

Tran Van Tra, 254–255, 261

Treaty of Versailles, 17

Tripoli (USNS), 111

Truman, Harry, 20–21, 23, 42, 274, 275, 276, 317

“truth teams,” 114

Turner Joy (USNS), 36

Tuy Hoa, 143, 256–258

United States Agency for International Development (USAID), 82

United States Information Service (USIS), 33, 82

US Armed Forces. See also air power; US Marine Corps

approach to Vietnam, 68–70

base life, 98–100

Black Panther Company, 156

Con Thien and, 120–121

deployment to Vietnam, 59–61, 70, 98

disintegration of discipline, 223–228

draft and, 60

expansion of facilities, 60

logistical activities, 70

officer training, 66, 68

reaction to Vietnam, 70–71

reserves, 51, 59, 76, 146, 148, 177, 224

rest and recreation (R&R), 100

social inequality in, 177, 180, 225–226

training and, 61–62, 64, 64–66, 65

violence against Vietnamese, 226–227

US Coast Guard Academy, 66

US Congress

antiwar demonstrations and, 176

appropriation bills for war support, 50, 51

bombing campaign restraints and, 108

challenges to Nixon administration, 215

elections of 1966, 176

Indochina Prohibition, 236, 251–253

Southeast Asia Resolution, 37–38

War Powers Act, 252

wartime tax increase and, 180

US Embassy in Vietnam, 25, 46, 130, 144, 144, 152, 259, 267

US Marine Corps. See also US Armed Forces

air units, 107

Bob Barker, 47, 47

Con Thien, 114, 118, 118–121, 119, 120

Da Nang Air Base and, 40, 40, 43, 47

Del Williams, 44, 44–45

deployment numbers, 70

DMZ battles, 104–105

increases in deployment to Vietnam, 49

Khe Sahn and, 131

officer training at Quantico, 68

Operation Hastings and, 79–80

Operation Hickory and, 104

Operation Prairie and, 80, 84–87

reaction to NVA, 79

rest and recreation (R&R), 98–100

training, 61–62

US Military Academy (West Point), 66, 178

US Military Sealift Command, 14

US Naval Academy (Annapolis), 66

US Special Forces, 33, 34, 89, 96, 121, 140, 246

Khe Sahn and, 131

Ut, Nick, 262

Van Tien Dung, 252–257, 261, 264–265

Vance, Cyrus, 151

veterans

Agent Orange and, 270

antiwar demonstrations and, 172

charitable organizations, 301–309

drugs and, 270, 271

memorial for, 13, 271, 281, 308–309, 308–309

psychological effects on, 270–271

return home of, 269–271

women veterans, 304

Veterans Administration, 271, 304

Veterans and Reservists to End the War in Vietnam, 172

Veterans Day ambush, 106

Vien, Cao Van, 258

Viet Cong (VC)

difficulty of identifying, 55

Johnson and, 31

Khanh era and, 34–35

Montagnards, 302

numbers of, 72

presence in Cambodia, 219

propaganda promoted by, 226

tactics, 71

Tet Offensive and, 143–145, 145

violations, 251

Viet Minh, 15, 20–21, 22–23, 31, 53, 57, 137, 140–141, 275

Vietnam, history of

Cold War, 275–276

French, 17–18

partitioning, 21

World War II, 19–20

Vietnam Day Committee, 171

Vietnamese Counter-Terror Teams, 33

Vietnamization policy, 203, 204, 206, 207–208, 221, 229

Vietnam Veterans Memorial Wall, 8, 9, 14, 271, 281, 308–309, 308–309, 310, 312, 272, 295, 303

Vietnam Veterans of America, 271

villages, 71, 76, 92, 110–111, 212

Vinh, 37

Vizzerra, William, 136

Vo Nguyen Giap, 56, 57, 57, 112, 129, 130, 142, 168, 277, 279

Voting Rights Act, 168, 169

Vung Tau, 9, 100, 266, 299

Wallace, George, 134, 198–199

Walt, Lewis, 131

Walter Reed Army Medical Center, 305, 306

War Powers Act, 252, 255

War Zones: C, 50, 77, 80, 102, D, 72

Washington, Ernest E., Jr., 293–296, 294

Wayne, John, 99

Westmoreland, William C.

buildup to war and, 36

Con Thien and, 120

Dak To and, 126

Khe Sahn and, 130–131, 137

Marine landing on Da Nang and, 40

McNamara reassessment and, 109

media and, 278, 279

pictured, 56, 114, 278

profile, 56, 56

public relations and, 114, 129–130, 183

recall from Vietnam, 150–151, 153

strategy of, 70–72, 76, 96–98, 109–110

Tet Offensive and, 142, 146

troop increases and, 46, 49–50, 51, 83

Weyand, Frederick C., 141, 142

Wheeler, Earle, 51, 146, 148–149, 176

White House Psychological Strategy Committee, 183

Williams, Clarence “Del,” 43, 44, 44–45, 45

Wilson, Woodrow, 19, 174

World War II, 15, 19–20, 42, 56, 57, 62, 108, 133, 217, 234–235, 269, 274–276

Xom Bang, 39

Xuan Loc, 261, 264

Yankee Station, 107

Youth International Party (Yippies), 134, 191

Zachuranic, George, 152