INDEX
Accra, Ghana, 45, 122n
action:
coherent vs. incoherent, 14, 15, 79–80
deliberation before, 8, 77–78, 81–82
in haste, 10, 81
repetition and, 22–23, 31, 91
without thought, 9, 81
Aesop, 9, 10, 11, 17, 79, 108
Africa:
“seed insecurity” in, 46, 48, 62, 123n
voluntary associations in, 44–47
Aire, Belgium, 50
Algeria, 68
aliveness, 85, 89
ambulance work, 16, 17, 29, 30
American Heart Association, 33, 115n–16n, 118n
Amsterdam Rescue Society, 33
Andromache, 10
Antarctic Treaty (1959), 67
Arendt, Hannah, 14, 79
Aristotle, 8
on deliberation, 8, 99, 106–7
on habit, 85, 87, 101
armies, “standing” vs. “citizen’s,” 73
Army, U.S., 27
Artaud, Antonin, 13–14, 79, 113n
Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 55
artificial respiration, 21
Athens (ancient Greece), 96
Attlee, Clement, 64
Australia, 69
Austria, 60
ballistic missiles, 70
Baltimore fire and ambulance service, 27
Bangkok, Treaty of (1995), 67
Bangor, Wash., 70
Battlefords Mutual Aid Area, 35
Baudelaire, Charles, 10
Beauvais, France, 50
Beckett, Samuel, 85
Berman, Harold, 49–51
Bible, 21
billeting, emergency, 37, 40
Blue Ridge Mountains, 57, 58
Bologna, Italy, 50
Bonvicino, Alessandro, 55
Book of Odes, 62
Born, Hans, 4
“bottoming,” 103–4
Box Hill shelter, England, 65
Boy Scouts, 33
brain matter, habit and, 87, 90, 101–2
Bratton, Michael, 47
Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, 25–26
Britannia (royal yacht), 65
Budapest, Hungary, 55
Bush, George H. W., 134n
Bush, George W., xii, 68, 71, 97, 112n, 134n
Byrd, Robert C., 97
bystanders, CPR given by, 29–31, 32–33, 53, 117n–19n
California, 36, 129n
“Call to Action for Bystander Response, A” (American Heart Association), 33
Canada, Canadians:
constitution, 132n
emergency response strategies in, 12, 13
mutual aid contracts in, 34–42, 79, 96
Canetti, Elias, 13
cardiac arrest, out-of-hospital, 29, 30
cardio-pulmonary resuscitation, see CPR
Carter, Jimmy, 128n
case histories:
Naicam, Canada, grain elevator fire in, 38–40, 41
Vanguard, Canada, rainstorm in, 35–38, 39, 47, 119n
Ceausescu, Nicolae, 77
censorship, of press, 109n
Chicago, Ill., 29, 30
children, CPR and, 21–23, 30–31, 32, 114n, 118n
China, 3, 46, 125n
Confucian morality in, 64
grain shelters in, 62–64
“chronic emergency,” 4, 14
cities, mutual aid and, 49–51, 124n–25n, 134n
civil defense, U.S., 41–42, 57–62, 71, 121n–22n, 127n–28n
Civil War, U.S., 77
Clinton, Bill, 98, 128n, 139n
coherent action, 14, 15, 79–80
Cole, Jonathan, 31
color perception, 88, 135n–36n
Columbia University, 31
“communes for peace,” 49–51, 124n
Conduct of the Understanding (Locke), 8, 100, 103–4
Congress, U.S.:
attendance requirements of, 97
power to declare war given to, 71–73, 74, 77, 98, 133n
Considerations on Representative Government (Mill), 8
Constitution, U.S.:
deliberation before action required by, 77, 97
jury deliberation in, 16, 79
Second Amendment to, 71, 73–74, 76, 96
Twenty-Fifth Ammendment, 110n
war initiation protocols in, 6, 16, 69–70, 71–72, 73–74, 75–76, 77, 79, 96, 107–8
constitutional brake on war, 6, 16, 69–80, 82
congressional deliberation as, 71–72, 77, 97
foreign constitution provisions and, 75–76, 125n, 132n
never-injure rules and, 78–79, 133n–34n
U.S. Constitution specifics and, 69–70, 71–72, 73–74, 77
Constitutional Dictatorship (Rossiter), 3, 131n–32n
CPR (cardio-pulmonary resuscitation), xiii, 19–34, 53, 79, 82, 96, 102, 107–8
ancient practices of, 20
chest compressions in, 23, 28, 31, 32
children and, 21–23, 30–31, 32, 114n, 118n
“classic,” 31, 32
distribution strategies and, 27–28
as given by bystanders, 29–31, 32–33, 53, 118n–19n
habit and, 20, 26, 31, 34
“head tilt, chin up” position in, 23–24, 53
in Kenya hospital studies, 21–23
learning and relearning of, 25for neonatal resuscitation, 24–25
survival rates after, 21–22, 26, 29–31
“watch the chest,” 24, 115n
Cranston, Maurice, 66
creation, habit and, 90–98, 99
criminals, punishment of, 78–79
Crowds and Power (Canetti), 13
Cuban Missile Crisis, 65
cultural artifacts, protection of, 55–57
Cypress Hutterite Colony Farm, 37, 47
David, Jacques-Louis, 55
De Anima (Aristotle), 8
De Corpore (Hobbes), 8
defibrillation, 30
deliberation, 106–7
action preceded by, 8, 77–78, 81–82, 141n
etymology of, 102, 140n
governance and, 99–101
habit and, 81–83, 98–106
material obstruction and, 99, 101–6
democracy, “equality of survival” and, 52–53, 60–61
Dewey, John:
on deliberation, 104–6
on sensory perception, 87–89, 101, 102, 103, 136n
drought, 46–47
earthquake, 42, 43, 48
East Germany, 76–77
education, 87
Egypt, ancient, 20–21
Eichmann, Adolf, 14, 79
Eisenberg, Mickey, 27, 28, 33, 119n
Eisenhower, Dwight, 128n
Elam, James, 21, 27, 116n–17n
Elisha the Prophet, 21
Elizabeth II, Queen of England, 65
Elster, Jon, 105
emergency(ies), 7
action without thought in, 9, 81
as analogue for theatre, 13
billeting plans in, 37, 40
case histories of, see case histories
claims and requirements of, 7–10
coherent action in, 14, 15, 79–80
constitutional brake on war and, 6, 16, 69–80, 82,
97–98
CPR and, 19–34, 53, 79, 82, 96, 102, 107–8
cultural artifacts in, 55–57
declarations of, 36, 40, 41
deliberation and, see deliberation
designing and testing procedures for, 40–41, 52
drought as, 46–47
“equality of survival” in, xiii, 52–54, 60–61, 64, 65
evacuation procedures in, 37, 40
fallout shelters in, 52, 54, 56–57, 58, 59–60, 64–65
famine as, 46, 62
government response to, 16, 42, 44, 121n—22n
immobilization in, 14, 42, 44, 79
incoherent action in, 14, 15, 79–80
language of, 11–12, 112n—13n
mind in exile in, 10–15
minimization of injury in, 77–78
mutual aid contracts in, 34–51
populations and, see populations, emergency and
“right of exit” in, 66–67, 69
seriatim structure in, 16–17
Swiss shelter system and, 13, 51–69, 79, 82, 96, 106–8
water contamination as, 37–38
water supply in, 39
Emergency Preparedness Digest, 12, 13
Epictetus, 66
“equality of survival,” xiii, 52–54, 60–61, 64, 65
Essay on Human Understanding (Locke), 8
Ethiopia, 46–47, 48, 62, 123n
evacuation, emergency, 37, 40
executive power, xii, 4–5, 57, 75, 76, 97–98
fallout shelters, 52, 54, 56–57, 58, 59–60, 64–65
famine, 46, 62
Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), 58, 127n–28n
Finland, 60, 125n
“first-use” policy, 3–4, 70, 75, 98, 112n
floods, 36–38
France, 3, 124n, 134n
declarations of war by, 75, 131n
General Assembly of 1789, 74
lines of succession in, 5
Franklin, Benjamin:
D. H. Lawrence on, 91, 92, 93–95
inventiveness of, 91, 138n
Tolstoy on, 92, 137n
Venturi architectural portrait of, 91, 92–94, 95, 107
“freedom of the seas,” 68
Freiburg, Germany, 50
Friske, Carle, 120n
Gandhi, Indira, xi
Gandhi, Mohandas, 74
“gate control theory of pain,” 90, 136n–37n
Geertz, Clifford, 45
Geneva Center for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces, 3, 4
Germany, 60, 131n–32n, 125n
Gershwin, George, 91
Ghana, 45
Girl Scouts, 33
Gladwell, Malcolm, 137n
glass harmonica, 96, 138n
Goldblat, Jozef, 130n
Good Samaritan laws, 132n
Gothenburg, Sweden, 30
governance, 8–9
deliberation and habit in, 99–101
Locke on, 100
government:
accountability of, in emergency, 48
democracy and “equality of survival,” 52–53, 60–61
emergency decision-making by, 16
immobilization of, 42, 44
nuclear weapons controlled by, 4–7
grain elevator fires, 38–40, 62
grain shelters, 62–64
Greenbrier Hotel shelter, White Sulphur Springs, 59, 127n
Gulf War, 74
Gup, Ted, 59, 127n
habit, 14–18, 62, 79–80, 81–108, 113n–14n, 134n
aliveness and, 85
brain matter and, 87, 90, 101–2
CPR procedures and, 20, 26, 31, 34
creation and, 90–98, 99
deliberation and, 81–83, 98–106
education and, 87
governance and, 99–101
law as form of, 80, 101
material obstruction and, 99, 101–6
and mental creation, 90–98, 99
nuclear war and, 70
and sensory perception, 83–90, 99
Swiss shelter system and, see Swiss shelter system
voluntary associations and, 43
Hague Convention on the Protection of Cultural Property, 56
Haig, Alexander, 110n—11n
Haiti, invasion of, 74, 98
Hallie, Philip, 134n
Hamburg, Germany, 33–34
Han dynasty, 62
“head tilt, chin up” position (CPR), 23–24, 53
hearing, sense of, 84
Hebrew scriptures, 20
Hector, 10
Hennessy, Peter, 65
Hitler, Adolf, 131n–32n
Hobbes, Thomas, 8, 51, 63, 67, 78, 99, 102, 140n
hopelessness, 11, 13
How We Think (Dewey), 104–5, 136n
Huguenots, 134n
Human Nature and Conduct (Dewey), 136n
Hume, David, 99
Hutterites, 37, 47
Iceland, 124n
Illinois state legislature, 97
immobilization, 14, 42, 44, 79
incoherent action, 14, 15, 79–80
India, xi–xii, 3, 46, 74, 75, 131n–32n
injury minimization, 77–79, 133n
International Court of Justice, 4
International Guidelines on CPR, 22, 23, 25, 26
International Red Cross, 33
invention, inventors, 90–95
Iraq War, 74, 97, 98
Israel, 3
Italy, 124n—25n
James, William, on habit, 85–87, 101, 135n
Japan, 30–31, 32, 125n
Non-Profit Activities Law of, 44
voluntary associations in, 42–44, 48
Jefferson, Thomas, 72
Jekyll, Gertrude, 88
Johannesburg, South Africa, 29
Johannesburg, University of, 31
John F. Kennedy Library, 97
Johns Hopkins University Hospital, 28
Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), 28
Jude, James, 21, 28
Kennedy, John F., 128n
Kenya, 21–23
Kilifi District Hospital, Kenya, 22, 25, 115n
Kindersley, Canada, 40
Kings Bay, Ga., 70
Klotz, Frank, 110n
Knickerbocker, Guy, 21, 28
Kobai earthquake, 42, 43, 48
Korean War, 52, 74, 133n
Kouwenhoven, William, 21, 28
Kropotkin, Peter, 124n
Kyoto, Japan, 30–31
Lagos, Nigeria, 45
Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, 22–23, 25, 26, 31, 115n
Langton, Rae, xi
language of emergency, 11–12, 112n—13n
Lawrence, D. H., 91, 92, 93–95
laws, legal procedures, 4, 7, 11, 12, 54–55, 56, 72, 74, 80, 96, 101
Laws, The (Plato), 8
Leviathan (Hobbes), 8, 67
Life in the Balance: Emergency Medicine and the Quest to Reverse Sudden Death (Eisenberg), 27
Lithuania, 77
Lobel, Jules, 5
Locke, John, 8, 51, 63, 66, 67, 78, 99–100, 103–4, 133n, 140n–41n
London, 34
Los Angeles, Calif., 29, 30
Luini, Bernardino, 56
Lusaka, Zambia, 24
McMahon, Martin, 23, 24, 27–28
Madagascar, 68
Maine, USS, 70
Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy (Putnam), 48
Malmö, Sweden, 30
Manual of Parliamentary Practice (Jefferson), 72
Marseille, France, 55
material obstruction, 99, 101–6
Matisse, Henri, 88
Melfort, Canada, 39
Melzack, Ronald, 90, 136n—37n
Metz, Donald, 17
Miel, Jan, 55
Milan, Italy, 33
Milgram (electric shock) experiments, 14
Mill, John Stuart, 8, 99
Mirabeau, Honoré, 74
Monet, Claude, 88
Montaigne, on habit, 84, 87, 89, 100–101, 102, 135n
Mount Weather shelter system, 57–58
Mozart, Wolfgang, 138n—39n
Musée de Beaux-Arts, Marseille, 55
Museum of Art, Philadelphia, 55–56
mutual aid contracts, 34–51, 79, 96, 107
billeting provided by, 37, 40
case histories of, see case histories
as “communes for peace,” 49–51, 124n
in designing and testing emergency procedures, 40–41, 52
emergency equipment and, 41
“equality of survival” in, 53, 61
evacuation provided by, 37, 41
immigrants’ rights and, 45, 50–51
and voluntary associations, 42–51
see also Swiss shelter system
Naicam, Canada, 38–40, 41
Nanemei Akpee (Society of Friends), Ghana, 45
National Research Council, 27, 33
nation-states, 49, 51, 123n
Natural Resources Defense Council, 71
Ndola, Zambia, 24
Needham, Joseph, 62
neonatal resuscitation, 24–25
never-injure rules, 78–79, 133n–34n
New York, N.Y., 29, 30
New Zealand, 68–69
Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 85
Nigeria, 22
Non-Profit Activities Law (Japan), 44
Notuku Creek, Canada, 36
Nova Scotia, Canada, 40–41
nuclear-free zones, 67–69, 129n
nuclear weapons:
civilian casualties of, 52
elimination of, 69, 76
executive power and, xii, 4–5, 57, 75, 76, 97–98
fallout shelters as protection against, 52, 54, 56–57, 58, 59–60, 64–65
in “first-use” policy, 3–4, 70, 75, 98
nonconstitutional arrangements for, 6, 60–61, 111n
at sea, 68
in “second-use only” policy, 3
states with access to, xii–xiii, 3–4, 67, 76
strategic policies and, 3–4, 6
submarines carrying, 70
torture compared with, xiii
Nung Cheng Chhüan Shu (treatise), 62
Oakes, Gerrit, 70
Obama, Barack, 97
On Dreams (Aristotle), 8
“On Genius” (Mill), 8
On Liberty (Mill), 8
On Memory (Aristotle), 8
Ooty, India, xi–xii
Osaka, Japan, 30, 31
pain, “gate control” theory of, 90, 136n—37n
Pakistan, 3, 4, 76, 125n
Panama, invasion of, 74
Paris, 34
peace, contracts for, 50–51, 125n
Peirce, Charles, on deliberation, 103, 104–5, 141n
Pekkanen, Robert, 42, 125n
Pelindaba, Treaty of (1996), 67–68, 130n
Phaedrus (Plato), 8
Philadelphia Museum of Art, 55–56
Philadelphia, Pa., 55, 91
Pindar, 101
“plasticity” of structure, 86–87, 89–90
Plato, 8, 99
Politics (Aristotle), 8
populations, emergency and:
civil defense procedures and, 58–61
hopelessness experienced by, 11, 13
political descriptions of, 14
shelters available to, 57, 58, 60, 64
volunteer associations and, 47–49
and war decisions, 69–70, 73, 74, 77, 79, 97–98
Posterior Analytics (Aristotle), 8
Presidential Directive 59 (1980), 4
presidential shelters, 57–61
presidential succession, 5, 110n–11n
press, censorship of, 109n
Prior Analytics (Aristotle), 8
Putnam, Robert, 48, 124n
Qing period, China, 63
Quebec Civil Defense, 12–13
Quill Plains Mutual Aid Area, 34–35, 38–40
rainstorms, 35–37
Rarotonga, Treaty of (1985), 67, 68, 69
Reader’s Digest, 28–29
Reagan, Ronald, 110n—11n
Red Cross, 27
Regina, Canada, 37, 47
repetition, action and, 22–26, 31, 84–85, 91, 100
Republic, The (Plato), 8
Rescue Breathing (film), 27
Resuscitation of the Unconscious Victim: A Manual for Rescue Breathing (Safar and McMahon), 23, 27
“Review and Conclusion, A” (Hobbes), 67
“right of exit,” 66–67, 69
Robert’s Rules of Order, 73
Romania, 77
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 133n
Rossiter, Clinton, 3, 4, 131n–32n
“rotating credit associations,” 45
Round Lake, Canada, 40, 41
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 63, 66, 67
Royal Humane Society, England, 34
Running Hot, 16
Russia:
lines of succession in, 5
1993 constitution of, 75–76
nuclear weapons held by, 3, 4, 57
Russian Federal Council, 75–76
Safar, Peter, 21, 23, 24, 27, 116n
St. Petersburg, Russia, 34
Sarasota, Fla., 56
Saskatchewan Emergency Planning Act, 35, 41
Saskatchewan Legislative Assembly, 35
Saskatchewan Province, Canada, 34–42, 47
Saunderson, Dorothy, 119n
Scuola of San Rocco, Venice, 55
Seabed and Ocean Floor Treaty (1972), 67, 68
Seattle, Wash., 31
Second Amendment, 71, 73–74, 76, 96, 130n
Second Treatise of Government (Locke), 8, 67
“second-use only” policy, 3
“seed insecurity,” 48, 62, 123n
self-authorization, 14
Senate, U.S., 71, 97
Senri, Japan, 31
Sense and Sensibilia (Aristotle), 8
sensory perception, 83–90
Dewey on, 87–89
in “gate control theory of pain,” 90
habit and, 83–90, 99
Montaigne on, 84, 87, 89
seriatim structure, 16–17
Shou Shih Thung Khao (treatise), 62
smell, sense of, 84
Social Contract (Rousseau), 67
social contracts, 67, 124n–25n
never-injure rule of, 78–79
peace and, 50–51, 125n
Society for the Recovery of Persons Apparently Drowned, 34
South Africa, 68, 132n
Spalding, Canada, 39
State Art Museum of Florida, Sarasota, 56
Stockholm, Sweden, 30
Story, Joseph, 73, 98
Strozzi, Bernardo, 55
submarines, missile-launch, 70
survival rates after CPR, 21–22, 26, 29–31
Sweden, 29, 30, 60
Swift Current, Canada, 37
Swiss Civil Defence, 1971 Conception of, 52
Swiss Civil Protection Concept (2001), 52
Swiss Committee for Special Objects, 55
Swiss Federal Law on Civil Protection and Protection and Support Service, 54–55
Swiss Office of Civil Defence, 51
Swiss shelter system, 13, 51–69, 79, 82, 96, 106–8
cultural artifacts protected by, 55–57
“equality of survival” in, xiii, 52–54, 60, 61, 69
foreign residents protected by, 53
legal safeguards of, 52, 54–55, 56
male citizens’ obligations and, 54
“right of exit” in, 66–67, 69
U.S. civil defense compared to, 57–62
System of Logic, A (Mill), 8
Szépmüvészeti Múzeum, Budapest, 55
Theatetus (Plato), 8
Theatre of Cruelty, 13
thinking:
“bottoming” and, 103–4
CPR procedures and, 19–34, 53
deliberation as a form of, see deliberation
forward momentum and, 103, 104
governing and, 8–9
in haste, 10, 81, 103
mind in exile in, 10–15
place of habit in acts of, 81–108
seductions to giving up, 3–15
Thucydides, 10–11, 13, 14, 15, 108
Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, 55–56
Timaeus (Plato), 8
Tintoretto, Jacopo, 55
Tlatelolco, Treaty of (1968), 67, 68
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 43, 48
Tolstoy, Leo, 92, 137n
Toronto, Canada, 55
torture, xii, 5
nuclear weapons compared with, xiii, 112n
trial by jury, 16, 79
Trojan War, 10, 76
Truman, Harry, 133n
United Kingdom, 46
fallout shelters unavailable in, 64, 65–66
“Government War Book” of, 65–66
nuclear weapons held by, 3, 65
Royal Humane Society of, 34
war protocols, 76, 112n, 132n
United States:
civil defense, 41–42, 57–62, 71, 121n–22n, 127n–28n
congressional shelters in, 59
draft eliminated in, 73, 74
eligibility for shelter entry in, 58
executive power in, 5, 57, 97–98
“freedom of the seas” and, 68
nuclear weapons held by, 3–4, 57, 61
presidential shelters, 57–61
presidential succession, 5, 110n–11n
war initiation protocols, 6, 69–70, 71–72, 73–74, 75–76, 77, 79, 96, 107, 108
White House as target, 58
Vanguard, Canada, 35–38, 39, 47, 119n
Veenhoven,W. A., 109n
Venice, Italy, 33, 55
Venturi, Robert, 91, 92–94, 95, 107
Verona, Italy, 51
“vertical evacuation,” 57, 66
Vietnam, 46
Vietnam War, 52, 74, 76, 77, 133n
Vilnius, Lithuania, 77
violins, 87, 135n
voluntary associations, 42–51
in Africa, 44–47
in Canada, 34–42
“communes for peace,” 49–51, 124n
in Japan, 42–44
populations affected by, 47–49, 123n
Wall, Patrick, 90
war:
constitutional protocols for initiation of, 6, 69–70, 71–72, 73–74, 75–76, 77, 79, 96, 107, 108
habit structures and, 70
nuclear weapons use in, 69–70
populations and decision-making in, 69–70, 73, 74, 77, 79
water:
contamination of, 37–38
in fire emergency, 39
White House as target, 58
Will, Pierre-Etienne, 63
Wilson, Harold, 64
Winter, Donald, 70
Wong, R. Bin, 63
World War I, 52, 77
World War II, 52, 133n
Yokohama, Japan, 42
Yugoslavia, 68, 74, 98
Zambia, xiii, 24
Zimbabwe, 46–47
Zurich, Switzerland, 55, 56