Abolitionists, 2, 4, 7, 12, 17, 22–23, 28, 30–31, 33–34, 42, 48, 50, 58–60, 63, 67, 70–73, 76–77, 79, 85, 87, 89, 91, 96, 101, 105, 109, 116, 138, 142, 146, 158, 161, 170, 173, 180, 183, 190, 199, 202, 237, 263, 277, 281, 298, 304, 307, 324, 339, 344, 348
and Benjamin F. Butler, 40–42. See also Antislavery
Adams, Charles Francis, Jr., 44–45, 92, 100, 174
childhood and youth, 44
in First Cavalry, 45–50, 54, 61
opinions of blacks, 47–48, 51, 59, 144, 253, 255, 259–260, 299
in Fifth Cavalry, 253–256
as colonel of Fifth, 259–262, 274–277, 299
arrested, 299–300
death of, 314
Adams, Charles Francis, Sr., 44–45, 253, 259, 275–276, 299–300, 313
Adams, Cyrus, 345–346
Adams, Henry, 44–46, 57, 260–262, 313–314
Adams, John Quincy, 45
Adams, Mary Elizabeth Ogden “Minnie,” 174, 254, 313–314
Africa and Africans, 3, 12–16, 42, 48
African-American celebrations, 92–94, 108–109, 177, 210, 242, 266, 275–276, 294, 332
African-American office holding, 99
African-American suffrage, 3–4, 18–19, 72, 142, 207, 219, 291, 305–306, 336
African-American troops, 8, 22, 48–49, 51, 59–60, 64–66, 76–78, 86, 90–91, 99, 102, 116, 119, 126, 131, 135, 141–142, 144, 146, 149–150, 154, 157–158, 162–163, 166–167, 170–171, 174, 176–177, 187, 195, 197–198, 203, 205, 208, 213–214, 219, 222–227, 230, 233, 236–237, 240, 248, 251–254, 257, 262, 267, 283, 287–288, 303
African-American troops
recruitment of, 7, 52, 61, 63–64, 66, 70–71, 108, 145
struggles against racism, 2–5, 59, 65, 75, 143, 180–181, 191, 203, 226, 252, 304, 337
and citizenship, 60, 74–75, 86, 146, 219, 242, 302
literacy of, 86, 183, 238, 240; as liberators, 2, 8–9, 73, 243, 255, 265, 272–273, 280, 296, 299, 344
as occupying forces, 8, 288–289, 293–294
in memory, 345–349. See also Black Confederates (myth of), 276
Akerman, Amos, 326
Al-Qadir, Abd-Al, 13–14
Alcott, Louisa May, 7
Aldrich, Alfred Proctor, 169
Alexander, George, 79
Allen, Charles, 26
Allen, William, 5
American Missionary Association, 98, 297
American Revolution, 3, 187, 346
Anderson, Edward, 165
Anderson, Robert, 33
Andersonville Prison, 230–231, 290
Andrew, Eliza, 87
Andrew, John A., 4–6, 32, 34, 36–37, 44, 56, 101–102, 105–106, 125, 129–130, 137, 143–144, 146, 152, 154, 163, 165, 173, 176, 180, 187, 270, 272, 277, 285–286, 299–303, 319, 338–341
raises black regiment, 66–73, 80, 87, 89, 91–95, 98–99
and pay crisis, 107–108, 117, 205–208, 235–236
and promotion issue, 157, 190, 228, 262–263, 267, 285
raises cavalry regiment, 251–254, 259, 261
Anthorp, William, 217
Antietam, battle of, 53–59, 61, 181, 208, 317
Antisell, Thomas, 55
Antislavery, 4, 17, 22, 31–32, 43–44, 46, 52, 60, 66, 70, 100–101, 159, 203, 253, 285, 340, 348. See also Abolitionists
Appleton, John Whittier, 154–155
Army of Northern Virginia, 49, 53, 279
Army of the Potomac, 26, 38, 49–50, 61, 186, 258
Atrocities, 1, 226, 239–240, 327–328, 344
Bain, George, 27
Baker, Edward, 38–39
Ball, William, 141
Ball’s Bluff, battle of, 38–40
Barge, Joseph, 79
Barnwell, Robert, 150
Bartlett, William, 39–40
Bassett, E. D., 322
Bateman, Charles, 186
Battery Gregg, 122, 129, 192, 198–200
Battery Wagner, S.C., 7–8, 11–12, 100, 118, 120, 123–126, 138, 150–151, 154–155, 157, 159–165, 167–168, 172–177, 184, 187–189, 202, 205, 207, 209–210, 220–222, 225, 227–228, 232, 236, 241–242, 244, 249, 272, 281, 284, 286, 291, 304, 306–308, 314, 323, 329–330, 335
first battle of, 111–113
second battle of, 127–133
siege of, 192–199
meaning of, 139–147, 304, 317, 337
in memory, 336–349
Baxley, Dennis, 349
Baylor’s Farm, battle of, 257–259
Beaufort, S.C., 47, 98–99, 101, 103, 107, 115, 119, 136, 138, 145, 149–150, 152, 155, 157–158, 177, 189, 210, 244, 248–249, 266, 326, 340
Beauregard, Pierre Gustave Toutant, 37, 111–113, 116, 136, 140, 164–165, 169–170, 193, 198, 213, 220, 256, 265
Beecher, Henry Ward, 281
Beecher, James C., 203, 215, 246, 281
Bell, John, 18
Bennett, William, 293
Benton, Samuel, 292
Beust, Bernard, 189
Bing, James, 293
Birney, James G., 348
Birney, William, 348
Birth of a Nation (film), 345
Black Committee, 71–72, 87, 95, 180, 340
Black Confederates (myth of), 276–277, 318
Blake, Charles, 135
Bonham, Milledge Luke, 164–165, 167–168, 171
Boon, Alonzo, 240
Booth, George, 256
Booth, John Wilkes, 281
Boston, Mass., 11–12, 17, 28, 31–32, 36, 40, 42, 44, 46, 62, 69–71, 74, 76, 79, 81–82, 88, 90, 92–95, 98–99, 107–109, 117, 144, 146, 152, 154, 156, 162–163, 165, 173, 176–177, 179–180, 184–187, 189, 216, 228–229, 235, 254, 262, 272, 285, 297, 301, 303, 305–306, 308, 311–312, 316–317, 319–321, 339, 341, 343–345, 348, 350
Bowditch, Henry, 259
Bowser, David Bustill, 74
Brawley, Benjamin Griffith, 319
Brewer, James, 6
Brooks, James, 60
Brown, Abraham, 113
Brown, John, 31, 64, 71–72, 75, 95, 99, 103
Brown, John (African), 182
Brown, Robert Elliott, 326
Brown, William Wells, 63, 73, 320
Bruce, Blanche K., 320
Bucher, James, 298
Buford, John, 252
Bull Run, first battle of, 4, 26, 37–38, 45, 116, 140, 300
Bureau for Colored Troops, 90, 108
Burger, William, 263
Burns, J. A., 191–192
Butler, Benjamin F., 40–42, 91, 320
Butler, James, 26–27
Cameron, Simon, 58–59
Camp life, 84–86, 118, 120–121, 189–190, 215, 238, 276
Camp Meigs, Mass., 37, 77, 81–82, 85, 91, 157, 179–180, 183–185, 187, 216, 251, 254, 302
Cardoron, Donald, 182
Carney, Ann, 27
Carney, Richard, 27
Carney, William Henry, Jr., 12, 73, 91, 153–154, 174, 237, 302, 336
childhood and youth, 27–28; in Fifty-fourth, 78, 81
at Wagner, 129, 132; wounded, 132, 152
postwar career, 314–316, 341–342
awarded Congressional Medal of Honor, 315–316
death of, 316–317
in memory, 346–348
Carney, Susanna Williams, 174, 315–317
Carney, William Henry, Sr., 27
Carrington, Evan, 186
Cassell, Charles, 186
Cedar Mountain, battle of, 53–54, 57, 69
Charleston, S.C., 2, 8, 11, 33, 47, 50, 73–75, 79, 92, 95, 98–101, 106, 110–111, 116, 121–123, 133–134, 136, 140–142, 163–165, 169–171, 177, 188, 192–196, 198–200, 210–211, 213, 215, 226, 234, 238–239, 242–245, 250, 256, 264, 266–272, 275, 279–281, 285–295, 297, 300–301, 303, 309–310, 324–325, 327, 329, 339, 341, 350
Cheever, George, 17
Chickamauga, battle of, 205
Child, Lydia Maria, 32, 50, 95, 161, 175, 307, 339
Claflin, William, 3007
Clark, Theodore, 182
Clay, Cassius, 22
Clay, Henry, 22
Clemens, Samuel, 20
Clute, Robert, 307–308
Colcock, Charles, 246
Collins, John, 271–272
Colquitt, Alfred, 220
Confederate government, 7, 26, 33, 46, 52, 59, 64, 73–74, 81, 90–91, 105, 140, 162–166, 168, 170–171, 175, 182, 204, 230, 276–277, 297
Confederate military, 1–2, 4–5, 26, 28, 37–41, 49–51, 53–58, 60, 99, 103, 105–106, 109–116, 123–124–126, 128–133, 135, 138, 140, 150, 154, 171, 192–194, 196, 198–200, 207, 210, 214–216, 219–227, 230, 238–240, 243, 246–250, 252, 256–260, 264–270, 273–275, 281–284, 303–304, 306
Confiscation Acts, 41, 47, 51–53, 58, 61, 108, 236, 264
Constitutional Union Party, 18
Contraband, 7, 41, 47, 52–53, 91, 99, 190, 204, 265, 280, 282, 290, 320; as US soldiers, 100, 104, 107, 143, 206, 211, 215, 235, 237
Cork, John Wesley, 216–218
Cothran, James, 328
Counsel, George, 116, 168, 171
Crittenden, John J., 4
Crittenden, Thomas, 4
Crofts, Julia Griffiths, 77
Cromwell, Samuel, 24
Cross, Jerome, 186
Curry, Jabez, 170
Curtis, Anna Shaw,
Cutler, Lysander, 257
Dana, Charles, 261
Dangerfield, Daniel, 30
Darien, Ga., 101–106, 117, 307–308
Daughters of the Confederacy, 349
Davis, Garrett, 6
Davis, Harvey, 114
Davis, Jefferson, 49, 58, 64, 74, 90, 104–105, 116, 133, 162–165, 167, 169–171, 182, 230, 269, 273–275, 279, 284, 289; belated decision to enlist blacks, 276, 318
DeGrasse, John, 70
DeGrasse, Theodosia Burr, 19
Dehon, Theodore, 269–270
Delany, Toussaint L’Ouverture, 79, 146
Democratic Party, 3–4, 6–7, 41, 48, 52, 59–60, 65–66, 72, 92, 94, 118–119, 143, 216, 226, 237, 243, 277, 289, 311, 318, 320, 323–328, 332, 337, 345
Demus, David, 174
Demus, Mary Jane, 174
Department of the South, 48, 92, 100, 106, 192, 228–229, 262
Department of the West, 37
Desertion, 6, 12, 85–86, 143, 177, 184–185, 216–217, 219, 227, 243, 250, 257, 269, 273, 284, 291, 318
Dickinson, John, 272
Dickinson, Lewis, 292
Discipline, 84–87
Disease and dysentery, 55–56, 139, 147, 150, 171–172, 231, 256, 259, 290, 300, 302–303, 329, 336
Dix, John A., 5
Dorsey, Isaac, 172
Dorsey, Sarah, 172
Douglass, Anna, 80, 88, 158, 330
Douglass, Charles Frederick, 332
Douglass, Charles R., 8, 62, 78, 157–158, 160, 182, 285, 303, 329–331
childhood and youth, 77
as corporal in the Fifty-fourth, 77, 82, 87, 186, 263
accused of desertion, 185
sergeant in Fifth Cavalry, 254–257
at Baylor’s Farm, 258
mustered out, 262
postwar career, 331–333
death of, 333
Douglass, Edward, 332
Douglass, Frederick, 4, 8, 22, 28, 52, 62–63, 80, 86–88, 95, 105, 146–147, 158, 170–171, 185, 285, 320, 329, 332, 346
recruits for Fifty-fourth, 72–77
Douglass, Frederick, Jr., 159, 254, 329
Douglass, Haley George, 333
Douglass, Helen Amelia Loguen, 78–79, 81, 84, 88, 92, 97, 107, 157, 159–160, 175, 242, 329–332
Douglass, Joseph, 332
Douglass, Laura Antoinette Haley, 333
Douglass, Lewis, 8, 62, 136, 142, 159–160, 175, 182, 242, 277, 285
childhood and youth, 77
as sergeant major in the Fifty-fourth, 77, 79–82, 84, 86–88, 92, 95, 263
in sea islands, 97, 99, 103, 105, 107, 115, 117–118
on sick leave, 157–158
death of, 331
Douglass, Mary Elizabeth Murphy “Libbie,” 332–333
Douglass, Rosetta. See Sprague, Rosetta Douglass
Downing, Cynthia Ann, 18, 309. See also Smith, Cynthia Downing.
Downing, George T., 19, 94, 331, 343
Draft riots, 145, 167, 187, 197, 292
Dred Scott decision, 18, 28, 60, 74, 93
Duffield, George, 18
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 179, 333
Du Bois, W.E.B., 321
Du Pont, Samuel Porter, 100
Duren, Charles, 229
Edmondston, Catherine, 5
Ellsworth, Thomas, 234–235
Emancipation Proclamation, 4, 6–7, 34, 53, 58–59, 63–64, 66, 68, 75, 85, 210, 266
and black enlistment policy, 58–59, 61
and Jefferson Davis, 58, 64, 90, 116, 133, 162, 164–165, 167, 169, 182, 230
Emerson, Edward B., 131
Emerson, Edward Waldo, 70
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 70
Emilio, Luis, 103, 119, 121, 127, 129, 132, 164, 195, 210, 225, 232, 242, 268, 270–272, 282–283, 302, 337–339
Ewell, Richard, 274
Farnsworth, Elon, 252
Fatigue duty, 92, 101, 108, 126, 195, 202, 204–205, 209, 211, 213–215, 256, 260
Fessenden, William Pitt, 208
Fibley, Charles, 222
Fifth Massachusetts Cavalry, 2, 8, 90, 255–258, 274, 331, 333
creation of, 251–254
make-up of regiment, 254
at Baylor’s Farm, 258
mustered out, 303–304
Fifty-fifth Massachusetts Infantry, 1–2, 11–12, 86, 146, 154, 157, 173, 179–184
creation of, 89–90
make-up of regiment, 181–186
departs Boston, 187–188
siege of Wagner, 192–198
at Honey Hill, 244–249
in Charleston, 270–271
as army of occupation, 287–298
in Orangeburg, 295–298
mustered out, 303–304
Fifty-fourth Massachusetts Infantry, 1–2, 4, 7–8, 11
creation of, 69
selection of officers for, 66–70
recruitment for, 71–74
at Camp Meigs, 77–93
departs Boston, 94–96
in sea islands, 97–101
white attitudes toward, 2–5, 117, 141, 227, 249
pay issue, 66, 85, 107–108, 170–171, 175, 196, 204–208, 232–234, 238, 242–243
promotions issue, 263, 267–268
raid on Darien, 101–106
in James Island fight, 110–116
assault on Battery Wagner, 123–133
siege of Wagner, 192–198
battle of Olustee, 221–225
at Boykin’s Mill, 283–284
as liberators, 2, 151, 269–270, 272–273
as army of occupation, 287–293
mustered out, 301–302
Finnegan, Joseph, 220–222
First Kansas Colored Volunteers, 61, 90, 251
First Massachusetts Cavalry, 46–47, 61
First North Carolina Volunteers, 203, 215, 217, 220, 221–225, 227, 230
First South Carolina Volunteers, 90, 99, 111, 122, 142, 169, 200, 239, 251, 340
Fisk, Wilbur, 145
Flora, Samuel, 182
Florida, 48, 211, 213, 215–216, 219–220, 224, 229, 284, 302, 309–310, 349
Folly Island, S.C., 106, 110–112, 115, 117–119, 121–122, 125–126, 150, 172, 189, 193, 195, 199, 201, 211, 216, 234–235, 238–239, 242, 244, 254, 266–268, 270
Forbes, John Murray, 66–67, 71, 156, 180, 205, 261, 340–342
Forrester, Richard, 275
Fort Monroe, Va., 12, 40–42, 46, 91, 146, 173, 182, 299–300, 312, 320
Fort Moultrie, S.C., 100, 111, 121–122, 192, 199–201
Fort Sumter, S.C., 9, 28, 33–34, 36, 75, 98, 100, 107, 111, 122–123, 125, 128, 176, 190, 192–195, 198–201, 230, 237, 281
Forten, Charlotte, 108–109, 136–137, 149, 151–152, 155–156
Forten, James, Jr., 19
Forten, James, Sr., 74
Forten, Jane Vogelsang, 19
Forty-eighth New York Infantry, 125, 130, 133, 140, 200
Foss, Eugene, 319
Foster, John, 228–229, 233, 236, 239, 243–244, 262–263, 268
Foutz, Luke, 186
Fox, Charles, 2, 180, 182–185, 187–193, 195, 199, 208–209, 216–218, 225, 232, 244, 247, 266, 270–271, 273, 281, 294–295, 297, 303, 311
Fredericksburg, battle of, 4, 61
Free blacks, 3, 20, 34, 47, 52–53, 65, 101, 108, 164, 183, 210, 260, 270, 273, 277, 295, 297, 298, 311, 314,
Freedmen’s Bureau, 292, 296–297, 300, 310, 324–326, 329, 332
Freeman, Warren, 186
Freeman, William, 186
Frémont, Jesse Benton, 199
Fugitive Slave Act, 20, 23, 30, 41
Fuller, Margaret, 32
Garnet, Henry Highland, 76
Garrison, George, 2, 11, 34, 89, 177, 181, 183, 187–190, 192, 194–195, 197, 206, 208, 210, 215, 232–233, 238–239, 241, 249, 272–273, 280, 342
Garrison, Helen, 188
Garrison, William, 34
Garrison, William Lloyd, 32, 34, 63, 69, 87, 89, 94–95, 138, 142, 146, 163, 173, 175, 181, 188, 191, 194, 232, 236–237, 249, 264, 267, 272, 277, 281, 303
Georgia, 32, 47–48, 101–102, 113–114, 182, 220, 226, 230, 243, 266–267, 284, 302, 307, 310–311, 346–347
Gettysburg, battle of, 109, 123, 136, 186, 205, 234, 252, 261, 344, 346
Gilmore, Hiram, 21
Gillmore, Quincy Adams, 101–102, 106–107, 111–113, 123–125, 131, 134–135, 138–139, 141, 157, 170, 189–192, 194, 198–200, 203–204, 209, 211, 213, 215, 219–220, 226, 228–229, 234, 256, 281, 292–294, 301
Givens, Michael, 349
Gleaves, Richard, 326
Glory (film), 7–8
Gooding, Ellen Louisa Allen, 26–27, 78, 229, 308
Gooding, James Henry, 7, 73, 76, 136, 138, 154, 158, 237, 263, 271, 350
childhood and youth, 21–23
as sea cook, 23–26
marriage, 26–27
in Fifty-fourth, 78–82, 84–86, 93, 97–98
in sea islands, 102–106, 189–191, 193, 195–197, 199–203, 205, 208, 210–211
in James Island skirmish, 115, 119
at Wagner, 126–130
writes Lincoln, 203–204
writes Andrew, 207
in Florida, 214–215
at Andersonville, 230–232
death of, 232, 290, 302, 309, 336
Gooding, James M., 21
Gooding, Sarah Tucker, 21–22
Gould, Robert, 31
Grace, James, 4–5
Grand Army of the Republic (GAR), 336, 339, 341–342, 346
Grant, Ulysses S., 110, 123, 234, 243, 256, 259, 261–262, 277, 294, 313, 321–322, 325–326, 331, 333, 337, 340
and black troops, 145
Gray, Martha, 176
Greeley, Horace, 76, 142, 147, 285
Green, John, 196
Haggerty, Annie Kneeland. See Shaw, Annie Kneeland Haggerty
Haggerty, Charles, 137
Haggerty, Elizabeth, 36
Haggerty, Ogden, 137
Hagood, Johnson, 135–136, 138, 141, 163, 165
Hall, Norman, 56
Hallowell, Anna, 306
Hallowell, Charlotte Bartlett Wilhelma Swett “Wilmina,” 306–308, 317
Hallowell, Charlotte Bartlett (daughter), 306–307, 317
Hallowell, Edward Needles “Ned,” 31, 34, 46, 61, 67, 91, 152, 240, 256, 260
childhood and youth, 29–30
in Twentieth Massachusetts, 46, 49
at Antietam, 54–56
in Sea Islands, 97, 99, 108–109
in James Island skirmish, 113–118
on sick leave, 55–56, 155–156, 190
as colonel of Fifty-fourth, 157, 177, 196, 201, 203–204, 206–208, 213, 228, 232–232, 236, 242–244, 249, 262–270, 280, 282–285
at Olustee, 221–225
and “Quaker Oath,” 237–238
in Charleston, 287–290, 292, 294, 300
mustered out, 301
Hallowell, Emily (daughter), 306–307, 317
Hallowell, Hannah Penrose, 29–30, 156, 307
Hallowell, Morris, 29–30, 55–56, 69, 156, 176, 307
Hallowell, Norwood Penrose “Pen,” 29–31, 33–34, 37, 61, 91, 94, 135, 138, 157, 210, 238, 244, 249, 280, 303, 317, 321, 337
in Twentieth Massachusetts, 37–39, 43–44, 49–50
at Ball’s Bluff, 38–40
Antietam, 54–57
in Fifty-fourth, 70, 78, 83–85
as colonel of Fifty-fifth 89, 177, 180, 185, 187–188, 195–196, 198
mustered out, 209–210
death of, 318
Hallowell, Richard Price, 30, 71, 176, 180, 306, 317
Hallowell, Sarah Wharton Haydock, 37, 317, 319
Hallowell, Susan Morris, 317
Halpin, James, 290
Hamilton, James, 186
Hamilton, Robert, 76, 139, 174, 176, 205, 255, 286, 301
Hamlin, Augustus, 145
Hamlin, Hannibal, 145
Hammond, Sarah, 216–218
Hampton, Wade, 327
Hardee, Joseph William, 69
Hardie, James, 261
Harrison, Charles, 129
Harrison, John, 129
Harrison, William Henry (of Maine), 79
Harrison, William Henry (of Michigan), 79, 139
Harrison, William Henry (of Missouri), 79, 116, 168, 171
Harrison, William Henry (of Pennsylvania), 79
Hartwell, Alfred, 1–2, 89, 156–157, 180–181, 185
as colonel of Fifty-fifth, 209–210, 215, 236 239–240, 244–249, 263–267, 280, 291–292, 294–296, 303
Harvard College, 1, 11, 15, 30–32, 34, 36–38, 44–46, 61, 89, 99, 109, 157, 180, 189, 253, 283, 295, 314, 321, 333
Hatch, John, 244, 246–247, 249, 272
Haverford College, 29
Hawks, Esther Hill, 150–154, 219, 227–228, 281
Hawks, John Milton, 150
Hayden, Lewis, 71
Hayes, Rutherford B., 320, 327
Hayne, George, 338
Hayne, Isaac W., 164–165, 168–169
Hedden, Edward, 322
Henry, Patrick, 187
Higginson, Francis, 99
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 90, 99–101, 111, 113, 169, 202, 337, 340
Hilton Head, S.C., 98, 100, 106–107, 136, 152, 213, 244, 262, 264, 266
Hodges, J.D., 217
Holloway, Charles, 115
Holmes, Oliver Wendell, Jr., 31, 34, 37–38, 40, 50, 54–55, 57, 156, 319
Holt, Joseph, 145
Holt, Sylvanus, 23
Homer, Winslow, 306
Honey Hill, battle of, 244–249, 266, 286
Hooker, Joseph, 53
Hooper, Henry, 152, 191, 244, 247
Hospitals, 40, 55, 95, 115, 119, 133, 136, 139–141, 149–155, 157–158, 160, 164–165, 185, 189, 199, 216, 228, 231–240, 248, 284, 316, 318, 326
Hunt, William, 156
Hunter, Alexander, 196
Hunter, David, 48, 92–93, 98, 100–102, 104, 125, 229
Jackson, Thomas J., 46
Jackson, William, 73, 86, 183, 342
Jacksonville, Fla., 213–215, 217–220, 225–226, 228, 233
Jacobs, Harriet, 176
James, Garth Wilkinson “Wilkie,” 70, 94, 114, 117, 125–127, 130, 133, 155, 181, 225, 266, 342
James, Henry, Sr., 70, 155, 161
James, Robertson, 181, 198, 208
James, William, 342
James Island, S.C., 100, 111–113, 116–117, 119, 123, 125, 129, 131, 139, 141–143, 147, 149–150, 154–155, 162–163, 168, 172, 177, 191, 194, 196, 198, 200, 227–228, 236, 238–239, 241, 272, 285, 290, 306
Jarvis, Ellison, 313
Jarvis, Henry, 41–42, 58, 173, 238; childhood and youth, 41; in Fifty-fifth, 177, 180, 182
at Honey Hill, 248
postwar life, 311–313
death of, 313
Jarvis, Mary Jane White, 173, 312–313
Jarvis, William, 313
Jay, John, 22
Jeffries, Walter, 272
Johnson, Andrew, 304
Johnson, Clayton, 284
Johnson, D.T., 18
Johnson, Hannah, 166–167
Johnson, James, 283
Johnson, Reverdy, 208
Johnston, Joseph, 49, 149, 279, 284
Jones, John B., 5
Jones, Iredell, 142
Jordan, Cincinnati, 311
Jordan, Thomas, 169–170
Joy, Charles, 291
Kanacka, Joe, 24
Kansas, 7, 60–61, 64, 90, 101, 103, 170, 251, 338
Kautz, August, 257
Keitt, Lawrence, 198
Kentucky, 4, 6, 22, 35, 63, 65, 173, 179, 182, 234–235, 283
Keyes, Daniel, 20
King, Robert, 247
King, Rufus, 35–36
Kinsley, Edward, 206
Kirkwood, Samuel, 52–53
Krunkleton, Cyrus, 116, 154, 228
Krunkleton, James, 116, 139, 154
Lane, James Henry, 60–61, 64, 90
Langdon, Jervas, 20
Langston, John Mercer, 72, 76, 180, 187, 337
Lawrence, Amos, 71
Leach, Julius, 173
Leach, Patsey, 173
Lee, Alfred, 291
Lee, Robert E., 26, 49–50, 53, 56–57, 109, 154, 253, 256, 274, 277, 279, 286, 337
Lee, William Raymond, 37–40, 70
Lenox, Charles, 249
Leward, Henry, 27
Lewis, Charles, 338
Lewis, Edmonia, 339
Liberator, 42, 76, 85, 89, 138, 142, 181, 194, 196, 200, 207, 236, 238, 241, 254, 262, 264, 267, 281, 287, 290, 303, 348
Liberty Party, 33
Lincoln, Abraham, 4–7, 18, 23, 37, 41, 44, 46, 48, 51–53, 58, 60–64, 117, 143, 176, 203–205, 211, 214, 224, 228–229, 234, 236–237, 243, 258, 264, 270, 299, 329, 345
calls for black troops, 66, 145
Frederick Douglass, 170–171
and Robert Gould Shaw, 33–36
response to Confederate threat, 91, 140, 163, 166–167, 169, 171, 182
black soldiers reaction to assassination, 281–284
Lincoln, Frederic, 302
Lincoln, Robert, 36
Lloyd, Spencer, 216–218
Loguen, Helen Amelia. See Douglass, Helen Amelia Loguen
Long, John David, 341
Lowell, Carlotta Russell, 161, 317
Lowell, Charles Russell, 70–71, 87, 107, 136, 144, 161, 253, 307, 339
Luck, John, 135
Lyman, Elizabeth Russell, 70, 88
Lyman, Carlos, 145
Lyman, Theodore, 70
Lyon, Lorenzo, 123, 130–131, 133
Lyons, Robert, 140
McCall, George, 38
McClellan, George B., 26, 38, 40, 44, 46, 49–51, 53–54, 57, 186, 215, 243
McKim, Lucy, 89
McKinley, Mary, 324
McKinley, William B., 315
Macbeth, Charles, 270
Mackey, Edward, 328
Macy, George Nelson, 43–44
Magone, Daniel, 323
Maine, 12, 16–18, 28, 79, 125, 145, 177, 184, 194, 208, 218, 229, 256, 307, 310
Malone, J.C., 277
Manhood, 5, 8, 80, 93, 143, 186, 205, 254, 260, 305, 344
Maryland, 4, 20, 26, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42–43, 53, 56, 76, 153, 159, 186, 208, 256, 274, 329
Massachusetts, 1–4, 6–8, 12, 23–24, 27–28, 31, 37, 40–41, 43–44, 46, 52, 57, 65–71, 73–75, 77, 79–83, 85, 87–89, 92–93, 98, 106–108, 125–127, 137–138, 143, 152, 156–157, 159, 162, 164, 168, 173, 176, 180, 182, 184–187, 192, 202, 206–210, 221, 227, 234, 236, 238, 241, 246–247, 252–253, 258, 260, 263, 272, 277, 279, 286, 288, 290, 302–309, 312–320, 329, 335–338, 344
Matthews, Jermain, 76
Matthews, William, 292
Mayo, Joseph, 298
Meade, George Gordon, 123, 186, 261–262
Menshikov, Alexander, 14–15
Militia Acts, 52, 58–59, 61, 64–65, 71, 108, 205, 208, 236
Miller, Andrew, 283
Miller, S. Clay, 339
Mississippi, 21, 38, 109–110, 145, 186, 234, 254, 279, 346
Mitchell, Nelson, 169–170
Monroe, Henry, 337–338
Montgomery, James M., 101–104, 110, 220, 223; at Darien, 103–106
Moore, John, 98
Moore, Jonathan, 338
Morehouse, Stephen, 283
Morgan, John, 153
Morris Island, S.C., 8, 11–12, 100, 107, 110–112, 121–126, 132–133, 136–137, 141, 146, 150–152, 157–158, 168, 172, 175, 181, 189–194, 197, 199–201, 205–206, 209–211, 234, 241–242, 244, 249, 254, 266, 287, 291, 293, 307, 317, 346
Morris, William Henry, 186
Mott, Lucretia, 31
Mudge, Charles, 109
Mussey, George, 217
Mutiny (executions for), 235
Myers, Frank, 151
Nance, William, 163
Needles, Edward, 30
Nell, William Cooper, 146
Nelson, Amelia, 172
Nelson, Daniel, 172
New Bedford, Mass., 4, 25, 79–81, 84, 86, 97, 105, 107, 129, 147, 152, 176–177, 186, 189, 207, 210–211, 225, 229, 302, 315, 317, 336–337, 341, 346
New Bedford Mercury, 7, 76, 80, 86, 97, 105, 136, 193, 207, 216, 225
New Jersey, 22, 50, 151, 330, 346
New York City, 5, 12, 17, 19, 22, 26, 28, 32–33, 36–37, 75–76, 88, 93–94, 102, 105, 118–119, 138, 139–140, 145, 147, 153, 155, 157–158, 167, 174–175, 180, 184, 187, 197, 218, 228, 288, 292, 303, 307, 317, 321–323; and draft riots, 118–119, 140, 145, 167, 187, 197, 292
New York State, 19, 35, 72, 75, 78, 173, 332, 344
New York Tribune, 76, 101, 141–142, 147, 272, 296
North Carolina, 5, 7, 12, 21–22, 79, 113, 122, 129, 146, 182, 187–188, 203, 215, 217, 220–227, 230, 279, 338, 350
Ogden, Edward, 313
Ohio, 5–6, 21, 60, 72, 75–76, 82–83, 97, 103, 115–116, 143–146, 168, 172, 176, 179–181, 183, 187, 241, 246, 257, 268, 272, 290, 292, 298, 303, 319, 344
Olustee, battle of, 211, 220–230, 232–233, 236, 239, 241–242, 244, 246, 248, 262, 276, 284, 306, 309, 334–335, 346, 349–350
Ord, Edward, 299
Parkman, Theodore, 61
Parrot, Robert Parker, 194
Pasha, Reşid, 14
Pegram, J.W., 276
Pelette, Alfred, 291–292
Pell, George, 157
Peninsular Campaign, 4, 26, 49–50
Pennington, J. J., 168
Pennsylvania, 20, 38, 52, 56, 64, 72–74, 76, 79–80, 82, 98, 105, 109, 113, 116, 130, 139–140, 142, 146, 168, 172, 181, 208, 220, 228, 272, 284, 291, 293, 297, 325, 336, 339
Pennsylvania Abolition Society, 30
Perry, James, 130
Petersburg, siege of, Philadelphia, Pa., 19, 29–30, 38, 55–56, 61, 67, 69, 73, 82, 108, 147, 156, 164, 169–170, 172, 176, 181, 190, 209–210, 230, 244, 255, 265, 271, 274, 306–307, 318
Phillips, Wendell, 31, 44, 63, 95, 271–272
Pierce, Edward (journalist), 85, 100–101, 125–126, 137, 151
Pierce, Edward (general), 185
Pierce, R.G., 314–315
Pillsbury, Albert, 344
Pope, George, 289
Pope, John, 26
Porcher, Charles, 1–2
Porter, Charles, 339
Potter, Edward, 285
Prime, David, 338
Proslavery (thought and activity), 30, 32–33, 73, 75, 101, 271, 296
Prosser, George, 272
Purvis, H.W., 326
Purvis, Harriet Forten, 74
Purvis, Robert, 74
Putnam, Haldimand, 136
Putnam, John, 38
Racism, 2, 6, 17, 19, 48, 53, 60, 65, 70, 75–76, 85, 87, 101, 105, 125, 135, 145, 153, 182, 186, 191, 202–203, 214–215, 226, 229, 252–253, 255, 287–289, 292, 294, 310, 324, 327, 344, 348, 350
Randolph, A. Philip, 349
Randolph, Benjamin Franklin, 325
Ravenel, Henry William, 169, 194, 272–273, 297
Readville, Mass., 7, 37, 72, 76–78, 80, 82, 84–85, 87–89, 92, 95, 101, 115, 142, 152, 154, 157, 159, 177, 179, 181, 184–185, 209, 240, 243, 254–255, 262–263, 302, 308, 336
Reed, William, 223
Refugees (black), 7, 41–42, 47–48, 91, 98, 107, 163, 190, 253, 255, 257, 269, 280, 284, 288, 297, 340
Republican Party, 6–7, 33, 44, 47, 51–52, 58, 60, 62, 67, 69, 72–73, 76, 92, 108, 117–118, 142–143, 169, 206, 208, 219, 227, 237, 255, 298, 313, 320–323, 325–329, 331, 336, 339, 349
Rhett, Robert Barnwell, 276
Richmond, Va., 26, 46, 49–50, 64, 73, 134, 137, 164–165, 168, 170, 175, 186, 234, 253, 256, 265, 274–276, 279, 298–299
Ripley, Roswell S., 140–141
Roach, Joab, 226
Rochester, N.Y., 4, 28, 72, 76, 99, 105, 140, 158–160, 172, 185, 262, 277, 329, 331–332, 337
Rochussen, Catherine, 16–17, 20
Rochussen, Isaac Jacob, 16–17, 20
Roudanez, Louis Charles, 304
Runaway and fugitive slaves, 1, 5, 7, 12, 20, 23, 27, 30, 40–41, 43–44, 51–52, 56, 58–59, 63–64, 66, 71, 73, 78, 90–91, 94, 99, 135, 140, 153, 159, 163, 168, 182, 203, 213, 236, 248, 257, 268, 287, 314, 320, 341. See also Refugees
Russell, Cabot, 70
Russell, Henry S., 253, 255–257
Ryal, Wesley, 172
Said, Nicholas, 11, 28, 33, 225
childhood and youth, 12–15
appearance, 14
travels, 15–19
in the Fifty-fifth, 177, 179, 182–184, 238
declines promotion, 184
autobiography, 310–311
career after the war, 309–311
death of, 311
Saint-Gaudens, Augustus, 341–342, 350
Salem, Peter, 3
Savage, James, 69
Savannah, Ga., 47, 182, 214, 220, 265–267, 272, 310–311, 345
Saxton, Rufus, 101, 109, 138, 243, 300–301
Schenek, Anthony, 114
Scott, William, 141
Seabrook, Joseph B., 324
Seals, Albert, 24
Second Massachusetts Cavalry, 253
Second Massachusetts Infantry, 36, 44, 46, 53, 57, 68, 95, 109
Seymour, Truman, 101, 125, 131, 213–215, 217–221, 224, 226–227
Seward, William Henry, 35, 53, 62, 171, 202, 261
Shaw, Annie Kneeland Haggerty, 36–37, 57–58, 68–70, 88, 95–96, 107, 118, 126, 137, 155, 161–162, 308
Shaw, Francis George, 31–32, 67–68, 71, 79, 93, 118, 138–139, 153, 161, 165–166, 200, 307, 339, 342
Shaw, John (white Shaw relation), 33
Shaw, John (black soldier), 292
Shaw, Josephine “Effie,” 31, 70, 107, 136, 144, 161, 307–308, 342
Shaw, Robert Gould, 8, 37, 44–46, 59, 61, 64, 91, 155, 179, 253, 256, 260, 263, 283, 302
childhood and youth, 31–34
early military career, 34–36, 53
as colonel of the Fifty-fourth, 67–70, 78–80, 82–84, 92–95
as disciplinarian, 84–87
marriage of, 88
in Sea Islands, 97–100, 107–109
at Darien, 103–105
in James Island skirmish, 114–118
at Battery Wagner, 123, 125–129
death of, 130–138, 152, 161, 200, 202
in memory, 289, 304, 307–308, 317–318, 323, 336, 339–341, 346, 350
Shaw, Sarah Blake Sturgis, 31–33, 36, 50, 67–69, 93, 118, 160–161, 175, 307–308, 339–343
Shaw, Susanna, 33, 36, 57, 342
Shaw Memorial, 339–343
Sheridan, Philip, 161
Sherman, William T., 234, 243–244, 250, 264–269, 279, 284, 294, 340
Shorter, John Freeman, 286
Simmons, Robert J., 119–120, 140
Simpkins, John, 315
Sims, Thomas, 94
Slavery, 2–4, 7–8, 16, 19, 20–21, 28, 30–31, 33, 47, 50–52, 59, 74–75, 90, 119, 146, 161, 163, 167, 169, 171, 177, 182–183, 188, 227, 234, 243, 255, 276, 298, 314–315, 318, 344,
Slaves, 1–7, 11–13, 17–18, 20–21, 23, 27–28, 30, 40–41, 43–44, 47–51, 55, 58–60, 64–65, 71, 74–76, 98–99, 102, 104–106, 109, 119, 133, 163–167, 168–169, 171–173, 176, 179, 182, 184, 186, 190, 200, 202–204, 226, 230, 237, 255, 268–270, 273, 276–277, 280–281, 285, 287, 291, 294–297, 312, 314, 318, 326, 336, 341
Smalls, Robert, 99, 281, 324, 328
Smith, Cynthia Downing, 309
Smith, Edward, 299
Smith, Gerritt, 33, 72–73, 77, 95, 158, 185
Smith, J.R.B., 339
Smith, James McCune, 22, 118, 158, 285
Smith, John Dennis, 18
Smith, John M., 18, 28, 216–220, 235, 249
in the Fifty-fifth, 177, 180, 184–185
trial for rape, 217–218
Soule, Charles, 295
South Carolina, 1, 16, 29, 47–49, 73, 79, 92, 95, 97, 99–102, 106–109, 135, 141, 154, 157, 160, 164–165, 167, 171, 176, 187, 190, 211, 220, 266, 268, 276, 279, 284, 294, 297–298, 302, 324–328, 341, 346, 348
Sprague, Rosetta Douglass, 88, 159–160, 320
Stanton, Edwin M., 19, 58, 61, 66, 69–70, 77, 90–93, 101, 108, 146, 163, 170, 229, 236–237, 261–262, 267, 285–286, 300
Stearns, George Luther, 71–73, 77, 99, 105, 170, 180
Stephens, George, 73, 82, 84, 105, 114–116, 119, 133, 198, 202, 219, 224
Stevens, Edward, 283
Stevens, Thaddeus, 52, 64–65, 108, 170, 208
Stono River, S.C., 110–112, 115, 164, 238
Stowe, Harriet Beecher, 203
Strong, George Crockett, 110, 112–113, 123, 125–129, 131–133
death of, 153
Strong, George Templeton, 65
Sturgis, Henry, 32
Sturgis, James, 206
Sumner, Charles, 44, 50, 95, 163, 236–237, 285, 303, 320, 329, 337, 339–341
Swails, Irene, 324
Swails, Jesse, 173
Swails, Joanna, 20
Swails, Peter, 20
Swails, Stephen A., 12, 28, 173–174, 243, 287
childhood, 20
appearance, 20
as sergeant in the Fifty-fourth, 78–79, 82–83
and promotion issue, 190–191, 228–229, 240, 262–264
as lieutenant, 267, 282, 286, 301
at Wateree Junction, 282
in army of occupation, 289–290
postwar career, 304, 323–328, 331, 342
assassination attempt, 327
death of, 329
Swails, Stephen, Jr. (Sarah’s son), 20
Swails, Stephen, Jr. (Susan’s son), 328
Swails, Susan Aspinall, 290, 301, 323, 329
Swift, Joseph, 156
Syracuse, NY, 28, 77–79, 139, 153, 159–160, 330
Tabb, America, 82
Taft, William Howard, 318
Taliaferro, William, 122, 124, 134–135
Taylor, Julius, 316
Taylor, Susie King, 200
Tenth Connecticut Infantry, 114–116
Thomas, Robert, 21
Thompson, Sarah, 20, 28, 173–174, 228, 290, 324–325
Thornton, William, 312
Tilghman, Benjamin, 210
Tod, David, 72
Townsend, E.D., 209
Trowbridge, Charles, Trotter, James Monroe, 7, 28, 72, 174, 241, 304
childhood and youth, 21
in Fifty-fifth, 177, 179–182, 206, 225, 234, 238, 242, 267
at Fort Lamar skirmish, 239–240
at Honey Hill, 247–249
promotion to lieutenant, 263–264, 286
in Orangeburg, 295–296
postwar career, 319–320, 331, 341
death of, 320–321
Trotter, Letitia, 21
Trotter, Richard, 21
Trotter, Virginia Isaacs, 174, 319
Trotter, William Monroe, 319, 321, 345–346
Troubetzkoy, Nicholas, 15–16
Trowbridge, Charles, 264–266
Truman, Harry, 349
Trumbull, Lyman, 51
Tubman, Harriet, 99, 105, 126, 133, 151, 190
Turner, Benjamin, 346
Twentieth Massachusetts Infantry, 37–40, 42, 53–54, 57, 319
Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 32
U.S. Colored Troops, 90–91, 146, 206, 217, 220–222, 225, 230, 234, 236, 239–241, 246, 251–252, 256–257, 259, 264, 266, 270, 276, 281–283, 293–294, 348. See also African-American troops.
U.S. Sanitary Commission, 160
Van Allen, Charles, 196
Vanderpool, George, 196
Vesey, Robert, 281
Vicksburg, siege of, 109–110
Virginia, 11–12, 27, 30–31, 34–35, 37–41, 43, 46, 49, 53, 56, 61, 68, 72–73, 79, 81, 87, 91, 111, 142, 144, 146, 161, 168, 173–174, 182, 236, 243, 248, 253, 256, 261–262, 274, 277, 298, 307, 310–312, 314–315, 318, 337, 347
Vogdes, Israel, 135–136, 165, 226
Vogelsang, George Peter, 19, 174, 321
Vogelsang, Maria Margaret DeGrasse, 174, 321, 323
Vogelsang, Peter, Jr., 12, 19, 22, 28, 74, 102, 149–150, 174, 255, 263, 267, 287, 304, 346, 348
childhood and youth, 19
prewar occupation, 28
as sergeant in the Fifty-fourth, 79–80, 82, 94, 191
in James Island skirmish, 114–115
promoted to lieutenant, 286, 301
death of, 323
Vogelsand, Peter, Sr., 19
Vogelsang, Theodosia Burr DeGrasse, 19, 321
Vogelsang, Thomas, 19
Vorhies, Isaac, 172
Vorhies, Sarah, 172
Waggoner, Henry, 330
Wagner, Thomas, 121
War Department, 4–7, 34, 41, 48, 59, 61, 66, 69, 77, 80, 89–92, 100–101, 106–108, 110, 146, 157, 170–171, 187, 191, 204, 208–209, 229, 233–234, 237, 240, 243, 252, 256, 259, 261–263, 267, 285, 287, 293, 299, 301, 327, 335, 345, 348–349
Washington, Booker T., 318, 342–343
Washington, George (of New York State), 79, 139
Washington, George (of Pennsylvania), 230–231
Washington, George (of Virginia), 79
Waterman, Ira, 348
Webb, Augustine, 200
Weekly Anglo-African, 76. 82, 84, 105, 119, 133, 138–139, 149, 159, 173, 175, 177, 184, 188, 190, 204–205, 207, 219, 225, 227–229, 238, 251, 253, 256, 258, 263, 275, 286, 301, 321
Welton, Chauncey, 6
Westervelt, John, 202–203
Westlake, Albert, 22
Whig Party, 32
Whipper, William J., 326
Whiting, William, 108
Whitney, Sam, 345
Whittier, John Greenleaf, 95
Wickliffee, Charles, 65
Wilbur, Henry, 318
Wiley, Warren, 173
Wilkins, James, 224
Williams, James, 290
Williams, John, 272
Williams, Newton, 191–192
Williams, Robert, 46
Wilson, George, 131
Wilson, Henry, 52, 65–66, 71, 108, 145, 208, 236–237, 281, 285
Wilson, William, 292
Wilson, Woodrow, 318, 321, 345
Winder, John, 230
Wirz, Henry, 230–232
Woodward, Ebenezer, 300
Worthington, Archibald, 168
Worthington, Henry, 116, 168, 171
Wulff, Erik, 185