Selma, Ralph Abernathy: Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, p. 297.
On January 2: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 372.
As a boy, he wanted to leave: Halberstam, The Children, p. 240.
“There was something magical”: Lewis and D’Orso, Walking with the Wind, p. 25.
In 1955, Lewis listened: Ibid., p. 45.
Some of the deepest: Ibid., p. 269.
He knew Jim Clark: Ibid., p. 316.
In early February, 1965: Ibid., p. 324.
Now, in early February: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 386.
Lewis gave a handwritten: Lewis and D’Orso, Walking with the Wind, p. 326.
“Would a fiction writer”: Martin Luther King, Jr., New York Times, March 14, 1965.
At the funeral, in Brown Chapel: Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, p. 24.
Bevel had been beaten: Ibid., p. 13.
When Governor Wallace: Lewis and D’Orso, Walking with the Wind, p. 330.
He tells it best: Ibid., p. 338.
“There facing us at the bottom”: Ibid.
Lewis remembered the terrible: Ibid., p. 340.
Dozens of demonstrators: Ibid., p. 344.
That night, at around 9 P.M.: Branch, At Canaan’s Edge, 56.
As Robert Caro makes clear: Caro, The Path to Power, p. 166.
“At times, history and fate”: “Nation: A Meeting of History and Fate,” Time, March 26, 1965.
Watching Johnson that night: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 408.
“I know you are asking today”: Martin Luther King, Jr., Montgomery, Alabama, March 25, 1965.
“The Negro potential for”: King, Why We Can’t Wait, p. 139.
The syndicated black radio host: Wickham, Bill Clinton and Black America, p. 24.
Writing in The New Yorker: Toni Morrison, “Comment,” The New Yorker, October 5, 1998.
In January, according to: Michael A. Fletcher, Washington Post, January 25, 2007.
“Just because you are our color”: Leslie Fulbright, San Francisco Chronicle, February 19, 2007.
Artur Davis, an African-American congressman: “World News Sunday,” ABC, March 4, 2007.
When Bill Clinton read the comparative accounts: David Remnick, “The Wanderer,” The New Yorker, September 18, 2006.
“After all the hard work”: Hilary Clinton, First Baptist Church, Selma, Alabama, March 4, 2007.
“When Harriet Tubman would run”: Joseph Lowery, Brown Chapel, Selma, Alabama, March 4, 2007.
Obama’s speech in Selma: Barack Obama, Brown Chapel, Selma, Alabama, March 4, 2007.
In Moses, Man of the Mountain: Hurston, Moses, Man of the Mountain, p. 180.
King asserted his role: King, Why We Can’t Wait, p. 60.
“I just want to do God’s will”: Martin Luther King, Jr., Mason Temple, Memphis, Tennessee, April 3, 1968.
And to universalize his message: Barack Obama, Brown Chapel, Selma, Alabama, March 4, 2007.
After Hurricane Katrina: John M. Broder, New York Times, September 5, 2005.
At his announcement speech in Springfield: Barack Obama, Springfield, Illinois, February 10, 2007.
popped a piece of Nicorette: Jason Horowitz, New York Observer, March 12, 2007.
It is an ordinary day, 1951: “Kenya: Ready or Not,” Time, March 7, 1960.
At Holy Ghost College: Ibid.
He thought about studying for the priesthood: Mboya, Freedom and After, p. 10.
“Is nobody here?”: “Kenya: Ready or Not,” Time, March 7, 1960.
When Tom was still living: Ibid.
“Madam,” he says: Ibid.
In 1955, when he was twenty-five: Ibid.
“Too often during the nationalist struggle”: Mboya, Freedom and After, p. 141.
Mboya tried to persuade the British: Albert G. Sims, “Africans Beat on Our College Doors,” Harpers, April, 1961.
In 1958, as Mboya was developing: Ibid.
Albert Sims, a former State Department: Ibid.
For six weeks, he gave as many: Shachtman, Airlift to America, p. 76.
He obtained promises: Ibid, p. 107.
Factually and poetically: Michael Dobbs, Washington Post, March 30, 2008.
A Nixon ally, Senator Hugh Scott: Ibid.
When Obama was running: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 39.
He was impatient with village life: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 397.
A “domestic servant’s pocket register”: Ibid., p. 425.
“Wow, that guy was mean!”: Ibid., p. 369.
“He did not like the way”: Ben Macintyre and Paul Orengoh, The Times of London, December 3, 2008.
“During the Emergency”: Mboya, Freedom and After, p. 42.
“Questions like the number of oaths”: Elkins, Imperial Reckoning, p. 68.
“The small conductor was either”: Ibid., p. 258.
According to an interview: Ben Macintyre and Paul Orengoh, The Times of London, December 3, 2008.
“He had difficulty walking”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 418.
“When the pupils were naughty”: Xan Rice, The Guardian, June 6, 2008.
“He asked to dance with me”: John Oywa, The Standard, November 11, 2008.
“There was so much excitement”: Edmund Sanders, Los Angeles Times, July 17, 2008.
“We’ve got this guy”: Alan Jackson, The Times of London, June 6, 2008.
“He’s like a fictional character”: Bill Flanagan, The Times of London, April 6, 2009.
And as a genealogist: http://www.wargs.com/political/obama.html.
Kansas was the “dab-smack”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 13.
“Part of me settling in Chicago”: Toby Harnden, Daily Telegraph, August 23, 2008.
In his memoir, Obama alludes: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 14. Benac’s article tells the entire story of Dunham’s military career.
“They read the Bible”: Ibid.
“He was really gung-ho”: Nancy Benac, Associated Press, June 5, 2009.
“Sgt. Dunham has been doing a good job”: Ibid.
When Stanley Dunham came home: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 15.
In their first year in Seattle: Jonathan Martin, Seattle Times, April 8, 2008.
Ann’s friends jokingly dubbed: Ibid.
The Dunhams sometimes attended: Tim Jones, Chicago Tribune, March 27, 2007.
“The changing time was impressing itself”: “Investigations: Out of a Man’s Past,” Time, April 11, 1955.
“Let’s rise on our hind legs”: Ibid.
The local press took a keen interest: David Maraniss, Washington Post, August 22, 2008.
When a Honolulu paper published: Sally Jacobs, Boston Globe, September 21, 2008.
“When I first came here”: David Maraniss, Washington Post, August 22, 2008.
One day Obama asked her to meet him: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 127.
She “was that girl with the movie”: Ibid.
Kezia told a Kenyan reporter: John Oywa, The Standard, November 11, 2008.
Toward the end of her life: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 29.
“She was very much of the early”: Amanda Ripley, “The Story of Barack Obama’s Mother,” Time, April 9, 2008.
“What can you say”: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, January 21, 2009.
For him, the choice was easy: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 126.
To survive, Lolo’s mother: Ibid., p. 42.
The Soetoros lived in a crowded: Paul Watson, Los Angeles Times, March 15, 2007.
“You never know”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 31.
In Hawaii, he had seemed liberated: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 43.
One friend, Julia Suryakusuma: Michael Sheridan and Sarah Baxter, Sunday Times, January 28, 2007.
“At first, everybody felt it was weird”: Paul Watson, Los Angeles Times, March 15, 2007.
one of his teachers at St. Francis: Paul Watson, Los Angeles Times, March 15, 2007.
Cecilia Sugini Hananto: Kirsten Scharnberg and Kim Barker, Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2007.
“In the Muslim school”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 154.
Obama, Jr., has called his father: Jon Meacham, “On His Own,” Newsweek, September 1, 2008.
Philip Ochieng, a prominent Luo journalist: Philip Ochieng, Daily Nation, October 11, 2008.
When Barack, Jr., visited Nairobi: Edmund Sanders, Los Angeles Times, July 17, 2008.
But there was more to it: Keith B. Richburg, Washington Post, November 5, 2009.
Little more than a year: Barack H. Obama, Sr., “Problems Facing Our Socialism,” East Africa Journal, July, 1965.
As an ideologist of Kenyan independence: Goldsworthy, Tom Mboya: The Man Kenya Wanted to Forget, p. 55.
It poses the central question: Barack H. Obama, Sr., “Problems Facing Our Socialism,” East Africa Journal, July, 1965.
“One need not be a Kenyan”: Ibid.
“To that extent, he was naïve”: Edmund Sanders, Los Angeles Times, July 17, 2008.
“Barack never really recovered”: Ibid.
Walgio Orwa, a professor: Ibid.
According to Njenga’s lawyer: Billy Muiruri, Daily Nation, July 3, 2009.
“I was with Tom only last week.”: Joe Ombuor, The Standard, April 11, 2008.
He declared that Odinga’s party: “Kenya: We Will Crush You,” Time, November 7, 1969.
“He would pass out on the doorstep”: Edmund Sanders, Los Angeles Times, July 17, 2008.
He complained to Okoda: John Oywa and George Olwenya, The Standard, November 15, 2008.
In his sober moments: Ibid.
Years later, she confided: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 57.
The waiting list was long: Ibid., p. 58.
The novelist Allegra Goodman: Allegra Goodman, “Rainbow Warrior,” The New Republic, February 13, 2008.
“Would you prefer”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 59.
“One of the challenges”: Barack Obama, Punahou School, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 2004.
In truth, he knew little: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 63.
He was fragile—oddly cautious: Ibid., p 65.
“We all stood accused”: Ibid., p. 68.
He remembers that the next day: Ibid, p 69.
To the contrary: Ibid., p. 70.
“We all gathered as a group”: Ramos, Our Friend Barry, p. 15.
“On the mainland”: Ibid., p. 38.
He took part in high-school goofs: Ibid., p. 81.
Constance Ramos, whose background: Ibid., p. 13.
“The lovely tropical home”: Allegra Goodman, “Rainbow Warrior,” The New Republic, February 13, 2008.
“When I started reading”: Ramos, Our Friend Barry, p. 70.
When he started making trouble: Kirsten Scharnberg and Kim Barker, Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2007.
“I remember her feeling saddened”: Wolffe, Renegade, p. 150.
“Some of the problems of adolescent rebellion”: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, October 22, 2004.
“When I think about my mother”: Amanda Ripley, “The Story of Barack Obama’s Mother,” Time, April 9, 2008.
“I didn’t feel [her absence]”: Ibid.
She had a capacity to get: Dunham, Surviving Against the Odds, p. xxi.
“She wasn’t ideological”: Amanda Ripley, “The Story of Barack Obama’s Mother,” Time, April 9, 2008.
“He became the kind of person”: Andra Wisnu, Jakarta Post, November 14, 2008.
“He didn’t know who he was”: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, June 1, 2007.
“Basketball was a good way for me”: Todd Purdum, “Raising Obama,” Vanity Fair, March 2008.
“It was good to get a few props”: Austin Murphy, “Obama Discusses His Hoops Memories at Punahou High,” Sports Illustrated, May 21, 2008.
In 1999, Obama, writing: Barack Obama, Punahou Bulletin, 1999.
Exhausted in his attempt: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 93.
In what may be the most famous: Ibid.
“It was Hawaii in the seventies”: Toby Harnden, Daily Telegraph, August 21, 2009.
“I’m sure if my mother”: Todd Purdum, “Raising Obama,” Vanity Fair, March 2008.
In a letter from Indonesia: Kirsten Scharnberg and Kim Barker, Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2007.
Obama admits, “I probably”: Austin Murphy, “Obama Discusses His Hoops Memories at Punahou High,” Sports Illustrated, May 21, 2008.
“Junkie. Pothead”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 93.
“At best, these things were a refuge”: Ibid., p. 85.
Like Stanley, Frank Marshall Davis: Davis, Livin’ the Blues, p. 3.
In his memoir, Livin’ the Blues: Ibid., p. 7.
In 1948, Paul Robeson came to Hawaii: Honolulu Star-Bulletin, March 22, 1948.
“I am not too fond”: Davis, Livin’ the Blues, p. xv.
Some of his “fellow freedom fighters”: Ibid., p. 311.
“Virtually from the start”: Ibid., p. 312.
“A preacher’s daughter”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 90.
“He’s basically a good man”: Ibid.
As he put it, “The more”: Ibid., p. 100.
“I smoke like this because I want”: Scott Helman, Boston Globe, August 25, 2008.
“Moment: Freshman year at Oxy”: Phil Boerner’s Diary, March 15, 1983.
There were very few black students: Sue Paterno, The Occidental, February 1, 1991.
“And you could count the black faculty”: Ibid.
The college’s weekly newspaper: The Occidental, January 1981.
“I want to get into public service”: Adam Goldman and Robert Tanner, Associated Press, May 15, 2008.
During the Presidential campaign: Kerry Eleveld, The Advocate, April 2008.
It was, as Margot Mifflin recalled: Margot Mifflin, New York Times, January 18, 2009.
Obama was to open the rally: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 106.
Ngubeni, who, as a student in South Africa: Anthony Russo, The Occidental, February 20, 1981.
“After the rally, a pair of folk singers”: Margot Mifflin, New York Times, January 18, 2009.
“I was on the outside again”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 107.
“I was concerned with urban issues”: Linda Matchan, Boston Globe, February 15, 1990.
“When I transferred, I decided”: Shira Boss-Bicak, Columbia College Today, January 2005.
Obama often fasted on Sundays: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 120.
“We didn’t have a chance in hell”: Adam Goldman and Robert Tanner, Associated Press, May 15, 2008.
Many years later, as a way of warding off the press: Ibid.
On the night of November 24, 1982: Jon Meacham, “On His Own,” Newsweek, September 1, 2008.
“He couldn’t cope,” said Obama’s sister: Senator Obama Goes to Africa, directed by Bob Hercules, 2007.
“At the time of his death”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 5.
In March, 1983: Barack Obama, “Breaking the War Mentality,” Sundial, March 10, 1983.
In his early twenties: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 134.
“That was my idea of organizing”: Ibid.
He had a young idealist’s disdain: Ibid., p. 136.
“I said he needed to realize”: Sasha Issenberg, Boston Globe, August 6, 2008.
In early 1985: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 42.
“It embodied the notion”: Ibid.
In June and July: Bernstein, A Woman in Charge, p. 54.
Then, as a pro-Rockefeller volunteer: Ibid., p. 55.
Finally, she spent a few weeks: Ibid., p. 56.
“People were crushed and demoralized”: Saul Alinksy interview, Playboy, March 1972.
He arranged sit-ins: Ibid.
Such an endorsement: Ibid.
“Shit,” Alinsky said: Ibid.
In 1964, he threatened Mayor Daley: Ibid.
And when Alinsky was working: Ibid.
When an interviewer asked: Ibid.
“Right now they’re frozen”: Ibid.
At sixteen, Alinsky himself: Ibid.
“I was their one-man student body”: Ibid.
In the late nineteen-fifties: Ibid.
She wrote of Alinsky: Hillary Rodham Clinton, “There Is Only the Fight,” senior thesis, Wellesley College, p. 6.
“In spite of his being featured”: Ibid., p. 74.
“Keeping in mind that”: Ibid., appendix.
In the endnotes: Ibid.
African-Americans have lived: Drake and Cayton, Black Metropolis, p. 31.
Until the Civil War: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, p. 30.
“Turn a deaf ear to everybody”: Drake and Cayton, Black Metropolis, p. 59.
John (Mushmouth) Johnson: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 38.
Still, many whites in Chicago: Drake and Cayton, Black Metropolis, p. 64.
One of the major white real-estate: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 66
The August 2nd issue: Hofstadter and Wallace, American Violence, p. 246.
That summer, the Jamaican-born poet: McKay, The Complete Poems, p. 177.
“Every colored man who moves”: The Property Owner’s Journal, January 1, 1920.
During his political races: Drake and Cayton, Black Metropolis, p. 347.
And, in 1960: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, p. 95.
Richard Wright, who had come North: Drake and Cayton, Black Metropolis, p. xvii.
When, in 1951: Lemann, The Promised Land, p. 74.
Furious with City Hall’s assault: Ibid. p. 77.
Studs Terkel once said of Daley: Rakove, Don’t Make No Waves … Don’t Back No Losers, p. 16.
When a young man from South Carolina: Lemann, The Promised Land, p. 91.
“Whenever I would raise a point”: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 236.
Despres recalls Holman once telling Daley: Ibid.
“A good legitimate Negro”: Ibid., p. 318.
At a downtown rally in 1965: Ibid., p. 341.
At first, King’s associate: Hampton and Fayer, Voices of Freedom, p. 302.
Dorothy Tillman, who came to town: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 346.
“If anything they were more zealous”: Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, p. 373.
“I have never seen such hopelessness”: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 347.
“Yes, we are tired”: Martin Luther King, Jr., Soldier Field, Chicago, Illinois, July 10, 1966.
“I’ve never seen anything like it”: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 386.
“I’d never seen whites like these”: Hampton and Fayer, Voices of Freedom, p. 312.
“Like Herod, Richard Daley was a fox”: Abernathy, And the Walls Came Tumbling Down, p. 395.
Chicago, David Halberstam wrote: David Halberstam, “Notes From the Bottom of the Mountain,” Harpers, June 1968.
At a press conference: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, p. 455.
When King came to Chicago: Garrow, Bearing the Cross, p. 444.
Metcalfe asked Daley: R. W. Apple, Jr., New York Times, May 10, 1972.
“What Daley did was smother King”: Chicago Sun-Times, January 19, 1986.
“I’m sick and tired”: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 572.
The ad said that the black church: Ibid., p. 582.
When Washington won the nomination: “This American Life,” # 376, Chicago Public Radio, March 13, 2009.
On the streets of white ethnic neighborhoods: Levinsohn, Harold Washington, p. 200.
The Chicago Tribune endorsed Harold Washington: Leanita McClain, Washington Post, July 24, 1983.
Haskel Levy, an aide to Bernard Epton: “This American Life,” # 376, Chicago Public Radio, March 13, 2009.
“I am not ashamed of being white!”: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 602.
A young reporter for the Tribune: Rivlin, Fire on the Prairie, p. 191.
When asked on a radio call-in show: “This American Life,” # 84, Chicago Public Radio, November 9, 2007.
At his victory celebration: Travis, An Autobiography of Black Politics, p. 610.
“He never became what I would consider”: “This American Life,” # 84, Chicago Public Radio, November 9, 2007.
One winter morning: Knoepfle, After Alinsky, p. 36.
The menace of the place: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 165.
Allen interviewed residents: Martha Allen, Chicago Reporter, 15, no. 6 (June 1986).
Obama wrote that the trip: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 242.
Walter Jacobson did a report: Martha Allen, Chicago Reporter, 15, no. 7 (July 1986).
In a sermon that deeply affected Obama: Wright, What Makes You So Strong?, p. 97.
“When I was growing up”: Ibid., p. 28.
At first, he told Roger Wilkins: Roger Wilkins, “Frontline,” PBS, June 16, 1987.
After enduring the humiliations: Cone, Black Theology and Black Power, p. 32.
In an America that continued: Ibid.
Blackness, for Cone: Ibid., p. 37.
By way of explanation: Ibid., p. 13.
The spirituals, Cone writes: Ibid., p. 100
In The Negro Church: Frazier, The Negro Church in America, p. 149.
For instance, to explain: Jeremiah Wright, N.A.A.C.P. Benefit, Detroit, Michigan, April 27, 2008.
“Some people say”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 283.
In 1981, a committee at Trinity: www.tucc.org.
When conservative critics suggested: Manya A. Brachear and Bob Secter, Chicago Tribune, February 6, 2007.
On November 25, 1987: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 287.
In many ways, Obama revered Washington: Ibid., p. 288.
Just after he left his job as an organizer: Knoepfle, After Alinsky, p. 36.
“We tend to think of organizing”: Ibid., p. 133.
“They are not necessarily”: Ibid., p. 134.
To disdain politics, he told the panel: Ibid., p. 133.
“I would learn about interest rates”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 276.
Obama said that Harvard Law School: Elise O’Shaughnessy, “Harvard Law Reviewed,” Vanity Fair, June 1990.
When Derrick Bell: Fox Butterfield, New York Times, May 21, 1990.
“We felt as if we had the hardest”: Noam Scheiber, “Crimson Tide,” The New Republic, February 4, 2009.
Obama lived much as he had: Michael Levenson and Jonathan Saltzman, Boston Globe, January 28, 2007.
Beyond the “boot camp”: Turow, One L, p. 300.
“If anybody had walked by”: Michael Levenson and Jonathan Saltzman, Boston Globe, January 28, 2007.
A group would go together: Ibid.
“In law school, we had a seminar”: Larissa MacFarquhar, “The Conciliator,” The New Yorker, May 7, 2007.
Ian Macneil, the visiting contracts professor: Paul Hutcheon, Sunday Herald, June 8, 2008.
Not a few of his colleagues were shocked: Stewart Yerton, “Midas Touch in the Ivory Tower: The Croesus of Cambridge,” American Lawyer 16, no. 3 (1994).
In May, 1915, The Crisis: Kluger, Simple Justice, p. 105.
“Charles Houston became”: Ibid., p. 106.
Houston was committed to purpose: McNeil, Groundwork, p. 84.
As Houston’s biographer Genna Rae McNeil: Ibid., p. 7.
After the great victory in Brown: Lisa Krause, “Charles Houston: The Man Who Killed Jim Crow,” National Geographic, February 7, 2001.
In 1991, Obama filmed: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L489QHEQa_4.
Frankfurter once said: Kerlow, Poisoned Ivy, p. 20.
Obama nearly botched his bid: Michael Levenson and Jonathan Saltzman, Boston Globe, January 28, 2007.
“Honestly, we were just very polarized”: Christine Spurell interview, “Frontline,” PBS, October 14, 2008.
Robinson, like everyone at the firm: Michelle Obama interview with Suzanne Malveaux, CNN, January 1, 2009.
“He sounded too good to be true”: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 93.
To her surprise: Michelle Obama interview with Suzanne Malveaux, CNN, January 1, 2009.
Besides, she and Obama were two: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 94.
“Man, she is hot!”: Carol Felsenthal, “The Making of a First Lady,” Chicago Magazine, February 2009.
They also had their first kiss: Barack Obama, “My First Date with Michelle,” O, The Oprah Magazine, February 2007.
“Probably by the end of that date”: Michelle Obama interview with Suzanne Malveaux, CNN, January 1, 2009.
“When you grow up as a black kid”: Peter Slevin, Princeton Alumni Weekly, February 18, 2009.
“It was my secret shame”: Mundy, Michelle, p. 67.
“My experiences at Princeton”: Michelle Robinson, “Princeton-Educated Blacks and the Black Community,” undergraduate thesis, Princeton University, p. 2.
When they were first: Liza Mundy, Washington Post, August 12, 2007.
Obama, for his part: Ibid.
“Most of my peers at the Law Review”: Ibid.
“Before I could say a word, another black student”: Tammerlin Drummond, Los Angeles Times, March 19, 1990.
Interviewed for the New York Times: Fox Butterfield, New York Times, February 6, 1990.
Obama gave many interviews: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, January 28, 2007.
Nearly all the articles: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
Obama told the Boston Globe: Linda Matchan, Boston Globe, February 15, 1990.
She argued that goals of tolerance: Jeffrey Ressner and Ben Smith, Politico, June 23, 2008.
Bell wrote, in “Serving Two Masters”: Derrick Bell, “Serving Two Masters,” Yale Law Journal, 1976.
“Black people will never gain”: Bell, Faces at the Bottom of the Well, p. 12.
On April 9, 1990: Letter from Derrick Bell to Robert Clark, April 9, 1990.
apologetic for failing to realize: Ibid.
Dressed in khakis and a light-blue dress shirt: “Frontline,” PBS, January 19, 2009.
“One of the luxuries of going”: Tammerlin Drummond, Los Angeles Times, March 19, 1990.
Obama wrote to the Record: Barack Obama, Harvard Law Record 91, no. 7 (November 16, 1990).
“I have no way of knowing”: Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, no. 30 (Winter 2000–2001).
In the annual parody issue: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, January 28, 2007.
At Harvard, Obama secretly: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 437.
“Well, no, actually”: Janny Scott interview, “Frontline,” PBS, October 14, 2008.
“He spent a lot of time”: James L. Merriner, “Friends of O,” Chicago Magazine, June 2008.
“Today, we see hundreds”: Vernon Jarrett, Chicago Sun-Times, July 11, 1992.
In an interview with the Chicago Reader: Interview, Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
Crain’s Chicago Business: “Forty Under Forty,” Crain’s Chicago Business, September 27, 1993.
When a reporter who was writing: Gretchen Reynolds, “Vote of Confidence,” Chicago Magazine, January 1993.
“All my life, I have been stitching together”: Mariana Cook, “A Couple in Chicago,” The New Yorker, January 19, 2009.
Her associate Jay Acton: Robert Draper, “Barack Obama’s Work in Progress,” GQ, November 2009.
After his wedding and honeymoon: Ibid.
In a preface to the 2004: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. ix.
There are more than six thousand: Gates, The Classic Slave Narratives, p. ix.
“Deprived of access to literacy”: Gates, Bearing Witness, p. 4.
He reads histories by Will Durant: Malcolm X, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, p. 178.
In Soul on Ice: Cleaver, Soul on Ice, p. 31.
Claude Brown told an audience: Gates, Bearing Witness, p. 4.
Even Sammy Davis, Jr.: Davis, Yes I Can, p. 63.
“Barack is who he says he is”: Wolffe, Renegade, p. 156.
He signals his awareness: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. xvi.
While the book is based on his journals: Ibid., p. xvii.
W. E. B. DuBois set a standard: Du Bois, The Autobiography of W. E. B. Du Bois, p. 12.
When the young Frederick Douglass: Douglass, Autobiographies, p. 60.
“Of my ancestry”: Washington, Up from Slavery, p. 1.
Obama’s reading of black memoirists: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 85.
“His repeated acts of self-creation”: Ibid., p. 86.
Obama was disturbed: Ibid.
“We’re all black to the white man”: Malcolm X, Autobiography of Malcolm X, p. 206.
Obama, who has been raised: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 286.
As Obama writes: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. xvi.
Veteran residents of the building: Jennifer 8 Lee, New York Times, January 30, 2008.
Obama places himself: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 3.
His “kindred spirit”: Ibid., p. 5.
As he is cooking his eggs: Ibid.
When Obama writes a new preface: Ibid., p. xi.
When he is writing about: Ibid., p. 18.
His mother, Ann: Ibid., p. 20.
“Racism was part of that past”: Ibid., p. 21.
Obama is also wise to Hawaii: Ibid., p. 23.
In Chapter 2, he recalls a day: Ibid., p. 28.
During the Presidential campaign: Kirsten Scharnberg and Kim Barker, Chicago Tribune, March 25, 2007.
The scene cannot help: Malcolm X, The Autobiography of Malcolm X, p. 54.
“My mother’s confidence”: Obama, Dreams from My Father, p. 50.
When they would talk: Ibid., p. 80.
Poignantly, Obama: Ibid., p. xv.
“We were in goddamned Hawaii”: Ibid., p. 82.
“As it was, I learned to slip”: Ibid.
Chapter 5, which covers: Ibid., p. 92.
He is reminded again: Ibid., p. 99.
The role model who shocks: Ibid., p. 104.
“Then, as if the sight”: Ibid., p. 178.
“I tried to imagine”: Ibid., p. 183.
but he worries: Ibid., p. 203.
In New York, he tells us: Ibid., p. 210.
As he sits in the pews: Ibid., p. 294.
He is a “Westerner”: Ibid., p. 301.
On the road between Madrid: Ibid., p. 303.
“For the first time in my life”: Ibid., p. 305.
“All of this while a steady procession”: Ibid., p. 311.
When she tells a story: Ibid., p. 215.
“I felt as if my world”: Ibid., p. 220.
Sitting with his relatives: Ibid., p. 318.
“It was a savage scene”: Ibid., p. 356.
Would a British officer: Ibid., p. 368.
“First there was Miwiru”: Ibid., p. 394.
Onyango, Sarah tells him: Ibid., p. 398.
Soon, the white man’s presence: Ibid.
“This was it, I thought to myself”: Ibid., p. 427.
“Standing before the two graves”: Ibid.
“For a long time I sat”: Ibid., p. 429.
A history teacher named Rukia Odero: Ibid., p. 433.
In the words of the Declaration of Independence: Ibid., p. 437.
“To a happy ending”: Ibid., p. 442.
At Eso Won Books: Robert Draper, “Barack Obama’s Work in Progress,” GQ, November 2009.
His biographer Edmund Morris: Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. xxxiii.
“Motives of delicacy”: Marshall, The Life of George Washington, Volume 2, p. 136.
“People went by, and he took no account”: Howells, The Lives and Speeches of Abraham Lincoln and Hannibal Hamlin, p. 31.
“American campaign biographies”: Jill Lepore, “Bound for Glory,” The New Yorker, October 20, 2008.
Obama himself admitted: Janny Scott, New York Times, May 18, 2008.
For instance, Cashill wrote: Jack Cashill, American Thinker, June 28, 2009.
A writer for the National Review’s popular blog: Andy McCarthy, The Corner, October 11, 2008.
Writing elevated a slave from non-being: Andrews, African-American Autobiography, p. 9.
In Frederick Douglass’s narrative: Douglass, Autobiographies, p. 217.
“Mr. Douglass has very properly”: Ibid., p. 7.
“So he tested these truths”: Bellow, Dean’s December, p. 165.
He appeared in court: Abdon Pallasch, Chicago Sun-Times, December 17, 2007.
“I was one of the better writers”: Ibid.
A number of progressive groups: Ibid.
When, during the Presidential campaign: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, July 30, 2008.
During the Presidential campaign: Larissa MacFarquhar, “The Conciliator,” The New Yorker, May 7, 2007.
In his memoir, Livin’ the Blues: Davis, Livin’ the Blues, p. 332.
In 1990, one of Rezko’s vice-presidents: Tim Novak, Chicago Sun-Times, April 23, 2007.
Obama did not do much real-estate work: Ibid.
The work was so dull: Don Terry, Chicago Tribune Magazine, July 27, 2008.
In July, 1991: Jonathan Becker, “Barack’s Rock,” Vogue, October 2008.
“She is made for you”: Ibid.
Savage had also referred to Ron Brown: Christopher Drew and Ray Gibson, Chicago Tribune, August 14, 1994.
Now, as he watched his brief career: William Safire, New York Times, October 2, 1994.
Admitting that he made “mistakes”: “Larry King Live,” CNN, September 1, 1995.
“I married you because you’re cute”: Jodi Kantor, New York Times, November 1, 2009.
“I wasn’t a proponent of politics”: Scott Helman, Boston Globe, October 12, 2007.
Alan Dobry, a former Democratic: David Jackson and Ray Long, Chicago Tribune, April 4, 2007.
“I hadn’t publicly announced”: Ibid.
Palmer doesn’t dispute that: Ibid.
“I’m absolutely certain”: Ibid.
“Pray for Mel Reynolds”: Kevin Knapp, Hyde Park Herald, July 5, 1995.
In the last paragraph: Ibid.
He received his first campaign contributions: Tim Novak, Chicago Sun-Times, April 23, 2007.
In 2005, long before Obama: warrenpeacemuse.blogspot.com.
One African-American politician: Hank De Zutter, “What Makes Obama Run,” The Chicago Reader, December 8, 1995.
“Now all of this may be”: Ibid.
On September 19, 1995: Monice Mitchell, Hyde Park Herald, October 4, 1995.
“In this room, Harold Washington”: Ibid.
“What I saw was a powerful demonstration”: Hank de Zutter, The Chicago Reader, December 8, 1995.
The Hyde Park Herald reported: Kevin Knapp, Hyde Park Herald, October 25, 1995.
The Defender reported: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
Writing in the Defender: Ibid.
That day, Obama told the Tribune: Thomas Hardy, Chicago Tribune, December 19, 1995.
This is a routine, and often effective: David Jackson and Ray Long, Chicago Tribune, April 4, 2007.
“To my mind, we were just abiding”: Ibid.
“If you can get ’em, get ’em”: Ibid.
“It was very awkward”: Ibid.
“He was a classic charismatic leader”: Hank De Zutter, “What Makes Obama Run,” The Chicago Reader, December 8, 1995.
In a tone of rueful apology: Ibid.
“In Chicago, for instance”: Adolph Reed, Jr., “The Curse of Community,” Village Voice, January 16, 1996.
“It’s probably a terrible thing to say”: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, December 6, 2002.
The minute he took over: Ibid.
One Republican, Bill Brady: Rick Pearson and Ray Long, Chicago Tribune, May 3, 2007.
He said, “When it turned out”: Ibid.
Trotter called Obama “the knight”: Ibid.
In the spring of 1997: Barack Obama, Hyde Park Herald, April 16, 1997.
In other columns, he wrote about: Barack Obama, Hyde Park Herald, February 19, 1997; June 18, 1997; September 10, 1997; December 31, 1997.
During a debate, in Springfield: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
Their brand of black nationalism: Hampton and Fayer, Voices of Freedom, p. 353.
The Panthers adopted the uniform: Ibid., p. 351.
“The purpose of this counterintelligence endeavor”: Ibid., p. 511.
“We’d go through political orientation”: Ibid., p. 523.
“Chairman, chairman, wake up!”: Ibid., p. 534.
The police held a press conference: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, p. 501.
“You see this man?”: Frady, Jesse, p. 261.
Rush claimed that: Cohen and Taylor, American Pharaoh, p. 502.
The columnist Mike Royko: Ibid.
Bobby Rush said, “Hampton”: Philip Caputo, Chicago Tribune, December 10, 1969.
The service ended with the singing: Ibid.
A few weeks later: Hampton and Fayer, Voices of Freedom, p. 538.
At a speech to Chicago college students: Scott Stewart, Chicago Sun-Times, February 21, 1999.
Soon after entering Congress: Scott Stewart, Chicago Sun-Times, February 21, 1999.
“The First Congressional District”: Ted Kleine, “Is Bobby Rush in Trouble,” The Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
Obama, Kappy Scates joked: Ben Calhoun, Chicago Public Radio, August 8, 2008.
The early poll showed Rush: Michael Weisskopf, “Obama: How He Learned to Win,” Time, May 8, 2008.
That summer, Steve Neal: Steve Neal, Chicago Sun-Times, August 1, 1999.
“I’m not part of some longstanding”: Greg Downs, Hyde Park Herald, September 29, 1999.
“Our responsibility—my responsibility”: John McCormick and Peter Annin, “A Father’s Anguished Journey,” Newsweek, November 29, 1999.
“I know my faith is being tested”: Ted Kleine, “Is Bobby Rush In Trouble,” The Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
“I believe that this glorification”: Ibid.
“What a bunch of gutless sheep”: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, December 21, 1999.
In one of his columns: Barack Obama, Hyde Park Herald, January 12, 2000.
They were a “random-ass mix”: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
They pointed to campaign contributions: Ted Kleine, “Is Bobby Rush in Trouble,” The Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
“Less than halfway into the campaign”: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 106.
Inevitably, he began his speeches: Ted Kleine, “Is Bobby Rush in Trouble,” The Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
“Eight years ago”: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, March 6, 2000.
Obama began the day: Presta, Mr. and Mrs. Grassroots, p. 63.
On March 16th: Ibid., p. 57.
Ted Kleine’s article: Ted Kleine, “Is Bobby Rush in Trouble,” The Chicago Reader, March 17, 2000.
Obama jumped in: Ibid.
“Oh, man”: Don Gonyea, “Morning Edition,” National Public Radio, September 19, 2007.
He taped a thirty-second radio commercial: Steve Neal, Chicago Sun-Times, March 12, 2000.
The night of his defeat: Curtis Lawrence, Chicago Sun-Times, March 22, 2000.
“I’ve got to make assessments”: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
Long after the loss: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 107.
In addition to the professional anxieties: Michael Weisskopf, “Obama: How He Learned to Win,” Time, May 8, 2008.
Obama began to wonder: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 4.
“My hope was that”: Scott Helman, Boston Globe, October 12, 2007.
“I found myself subjected”: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 340.
Dan Shomon told a reporter: Carol Felsenthal, Chicago Magazine, February 2009.
“For God’s sake, Barack”: Scott Helman, Boston Globe, October 12, 2007.
When Obama arrived at the airport: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 354.
For fourteen months: Chuck Neubauer and Tom Hamburger, Los Angeles Times, April 27, 2008.
When Barack called in from the road: Carol Felsenthal, “The Making of a First Lady,” Chicago Magazine, February 2009.
On September 19, 2001: Hyde Park Herald, September 19, 2001.
“Suddenly Adelstein’s interest”: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 150.
Writing in the Herald: Barack Obama, Hyde Park Herald, February 20, 2002.
“He explained to me”: Hendon, Black Enough/White Enough, p. 31.
As Hendon recalls it: Ibid., p. 32.
In Hendon’s self-dramatizing version of the incident: Hendon, Black Enough/ White Enough, p. 30.
In Black Enough/White Enough: Ibid., p. 33.
“I barely knew where the law library”: Ray Long and Christi Parsons, Chicago Tribune, October 25, 2006.
Rahm Emanuel, who was then: Ryan Lizza, “Making It,” The New Yorker, July 21, 2008.
Blagojevich’s campaign adviser: Jake Tapper, ABCNews.com, December 9, 2008.
Appearing in June, 2002: “Public Affairs with Jeff Berkowitz,” June 27, 2002.
With the 2002 elections: Jo Becker and Christopher Drew, New York Times, May 11, 2008.
On September 12th: George W. Bush, United Nations, New York, September 12, 2002.
The Tribune reporter at the rally: Bill Glauber, Chicago Tribune, October 3, 2002.
“This is a rally to stop a war”: Ibid.
Carl Davidson, one of the rally’s: Jo Becker and Christopher Drew, New York Times, May 11, 2008.
“There was nothing about that speech”: Don Gonyea, “Morning Edition,” National Public Radio, March 25, 2008.
“He said to me, he said”: Todd Purdum, “Raising Obama,” Vanity Fair, March 2008.
“I had reservations”: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, May 9, 2003.
“Driving while black”: Barack Obama, Hyde Park Herald, July 23, 2003.
“The original presentation of the bill”: Scott Helman, Boston Globe, September 23, 2007.
In 2005, in the midst of a series: Fran Spielman, Chicago Sun-Times, August 5, 2005.
In January, 2007: Fran Spielman, Chicago Sun-Times, January 22, 2007.
In October, 2002: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, October 22, 2004.
When they pulled over: Ibid.
As Eric Foner, the leading historian: Eric Foner, The Nation, October 15, 2008.
The Raleigh News and Observer: Dray, Capitol Men, p. 410.
“This, Mr. Chairman”: Ibid., p. 351.
“Our bases overlapped so much”: Liza Mundy, Washington Post, August 12, 2007.
Not long after the breakfast: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 155.
“The big issue around the Senate for me”: Ibid., p. 152.
Eric Zorn, an influential liberal: Eric Zorn, Chicago Tribune, January 18, 2003.
At the press conference: Rick Pearson and John Chase, Chicago Tribune, January 22, 2003.
“The fact that I conjugate my verbs”: Jennifer Senior, “Dreaming of Obama,” New York Magazine, September 24, 2006.
“A little old lady said to me”: Jodi Enda, American Prospect, February 2006.
In one fantastical column: David Axelrod, Hyde Park Herald, May 8, 1974.
“I’ve been a Chicago police officer”: Robert Kaiser, Washington Post, May 2, 2008.
Maria Pappas, the Cook County treasurer: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, December 7, 2003.
When Joshua Green: Joshua Green, “Gambling Man,” The Atlantic, January/ February 2004.
“We are technologically illiterate”: Presta, Mr. and Mrs. Grassroots, p. 116.
The Tribune’s lead writer covering: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, February 10, 2004.
“I don’t begrudge extraordinarily”: Andrew Herrmann and Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, February 22, 2004.
Laura Washington, a columnist: Laura Washington, Chicago Sun-Times, February 16, 2004.
One of the candidates: David Mendell and Molly Parker, Chicago Tribune, February 24, 2004.
“The fact of the matter is”: Ibid.
“We debated whether to frame it”: Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, March 5, 2004.
The documents revealed: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, February, 28, 2004.
The papers described multiple: Frank Main, Chicago Sun-Times, February 28, 2004.
Hull informed the Tribune: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, February, 28, 2004.
“It is my total reputation”: Ibid.
Steven Rogers, a businessman: Christopher Drew and Mike McIntire, New York Times, April 3, 2007.
At the start of the campaign: Michael Weisskopf, “Obama: How He Learned to Win,” Time, May 8, 2008.
Eric Zorn, the Tribune columnist: Eriz Zorn, Chicago Tribune, March 18, 2004.
When, just after 7 P.M., the call came: Ibid.
As the television news crews filed in: Ibid.
“I think it’s fair to say”: Scott Fornek and Robert Herguth, Chicago Sun-Times, March 17, 2004.
On primary night he told the crowd: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, March 18, 2004.
“I have an unusual name”: Monica Davey, New York Times, March 18, 2004.
As Obama and Durbin were driving: Barack Obama, N.A.A.C.P., Detroit, Michigan, May 2, 2005.
As Kerry watched Obama speak: Jill Zuckman and David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, July 15, 2004.
In a Profile published in The New Yorker: William Finnegan, “The Candidate,” The New Yorker, May 31, 2004.
Jan Schakowsky, a Democratic congresswoman: Ibid.
“I made clear to Respondent”: Associated Press, June 22, 2004.
Ryan said in the filing: John Chase and Liam Ford, Chicago Tribune, June 22, 2004.
“I’ve tried to make it clear”: Mendell, Obama: From Promise to Power, p. 264.
Later, Obama would lower his head: Ibid.
“In the Senate race in Illinois”: Jay Leno, “The Tonight Show,” NBC, June 22, 2004.
“A lot of people were saying”: John Chase and Liam Ford, Chicago Tribune, June 22, 2004.
“Jack is a good man”: Debbie Howlett, USA Today, June 22, 2004.
Ryan also found support: William Saletan, Slate.com, June 23, 2004.
“I consider him an honest man”: Stephen Kinzer, New York Times, June 23, 2004.
On June 25th, Ryan complied: Rahul Sangwan, The Dartmouth Independent, October 4, 2004.
“What happened to him”: John Chase and Liam Ford, Chicago Tribune, June 22, 2004.
Obama was riding from Springfield: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 354.
Sometimes, in order to get away: Eli Saslow, Washington Post, August 25, 2008.
Obama faxed his first draft to Axelrod: David Bernstein, “The Speech,” Chicago Magazine, June 2007.
“I love to body surf”: Christopher Wills, Associated Press, July 26, 2004.
When he was asked about: John Kass, Chicago Tribune, July 27, 2004.
Apologizing, he said: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, July 28, 2004.
“That fucker is trying”: David Bernstein, “The Speech,” Chicago Magazine, June 2007.
As crowds milled around: Ibid.
“I thought that was one of the most”: Mary Mitchell, Chicago Sun-Times, July 29, 2004.
Richard Daley … acknowledged: Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, July 29, 2004.
Even Bobby Rush: Michael Sneed, Chicago Sun-Times, July 30, 2004.
“A superstar is born”: Clarence Page, Chicago Tribune, August 1, 2004.
The Sun-Times printed: Dave McKinney, Chicago Sun-Times, August 4, 2004.
“This is all so, well, interesting.”: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, August 2, 2004.
On a hot evening in mid-August: Liam Ford and David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, August 13, 2004.
In his announcement speech: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, August 16, 2004.
One Tribune editorial: Ibid.
But at times: Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, November 1, 2004.
As he spread his arms: Liam Ford and John Chase, Chicago Tribune, October 22, 2004.
“That’s why I have a pastor”: Ibid.
“At the hard points”: Ibid.
On one occasion: Obama, The Audacity of Hope, p. 211.
In late October: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, October 24, 2004.
According to Bill Daley: James L. Merriner, “Making Peace,” Chicago Magazine, June, 2008.
Of the many articles written: Don Terry, Chicago Tribune Magazine, October 24, 2004.
He was equally disturbed: Noam Scheiber, “Race Against History,” The New Republic, May 31, 2004.
On Halloween night: Alan Keyes, Spirit of God Fellowship Church, Chicago, October 31, 2004.
As the cameras followed: Alison Neumer, Chicago Tribune, November 3, 2004.
“Thank you, Illinois!”: Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, November 3, 2004.
“If you don’t have enough”: ABC News, November 1, 2007.
“Are you going to try”: Jeff Zeleny, New York Times, December 24, 2006.
“I am not running for President”: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, November 4, 2004.
Obama got especially irritated: Scott Fornek, Chicago Sun-Times, November 4, 2004.
“It’s going to be important”: Ibid.
“I don’t think we’re trying to dampen”: David Mendell, Chicago Tribune, November 4, 2004.
On ABC’s daytime show: Rudolph Bush, Chicago Tribune, November 23, 2004.
On Letterman’s show: “The Late Show,” CBS, November 26, 2004.
Adopting a tone: Lynn Sweet, Chicago Sun-Times, December 6, 2004.
She was inspired to re-issue: Janny Scott, New York Times, May 18, 2008.
Woodward once called him: Ibid.
Although Peter Osnos: Peter Osnos, The Century Foundation: News and Commentary, October 30, 2006.
He met with Obama: Wolffe, Renegade, p. 38.
“I know what I’m good at”: Pete Rouse interview, “Frontline,” PBS, July 11, 2008.
Obama told Rouse: Ibid.
He planned to help Obama: Ibid.
Oprah Winfrey declared: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, March 20, 2005.
At times, Obama’s celebrity: Ibid.
One of the first books: Jeff Zeleny and Kate Zernike, New York Times, March 9, 2008.
Nevertheless, Obama told: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, March 20, 2005.
“All of us are a mixture”: Ibid.
When Obama paid a visit: Ibid.
At the swearing-in ceremony: Ibid.
“Over the next six years”: Ibid.
During Rice’s confirmation hearings: Ben Wallace-Wells, “Destiny’s Child,” Rolling Stone, February 22, 2007.
Faced with the prospect: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, September 23, 2005.
“So we enter into the building”: Barack Obama, Council on Foreign Relations, Washington, D.C., November 1, 2005.
Three months after: Barack Obama and Richard Lugar, Washington Post, December 3, 2005.
Then, appearing on ABC’s: “This Week with George Stephanopoulos,” ABC, September 11, 2005.
In an interview with the Tribune: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, September 12, 2005.
“The burden is on us”: Ibid.
Eventually, Pete Rouse: Perry Bacon, Jr., Washington Post, August 27, 2007.
“Pete’s very good”: Ibid.
The letter was entitled: Daily Kos, September 30, 2005.
Afterward, Obama used: Jodi Enda, “Great Expectations,” The American Prospect, January 16, 2006.
“And the way I would describe”: Ibid.
Returning to Washington: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, February 7, 2006.
“I obviously beaned him”: Mark Salter interview, “Frontline,” PBS, May 30, 2008.
“The tone of the letter”: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, February 8, 2006.
Before they testified: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, February 9, 2006.
“What I am suggesting is this”: Barack Obama, Washington, D.C., June 28, 2006.
Valerie Jarrett says: Larissa MacFarquhar, “The Conciliator,” The New Yorker, May 7, 2007.
“I thought these will be”: “World News Tonight,” ABC, November 1, 2007.
On January 16, 2006: Balz and Johnson, The Battle for America 2008, p. 26.
“He has as much potential”: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, November 20, 2005.
“When his name pops up”: Ibid.
“I thought, let’s have a little fun”: Perry Bacon, Jr., Washington Post, August 27, 2007.
“I don’t think George Bush”: Barack Obama, Harkin Steak Fry, Indianola, Iowa, September 17, 2006.
Ruy Teixeira of the Brookings: Alan Abramowitz and Ruy Teixeira, “The Decline of the White Working Class and the Rise of a Mass Upper Middle Class,” Brookings Working Paper, April 2008.
When he called Obama: Bob Gilbert, “The President Prediction,” Seton Hall Magazine, March 31, 2009.
“The United States was said”: Chisholm, The Good Fight, p. 162.
Chisholm, who died in 2005: Chisholm, Unbought and Unbossed, p. xii.
“My constituency”: Jesse Jackson, Democratic National Convention, San Francisco, July 17, 1984.
At rallies in the South: Frady, Jesse, p. 306.
“Nothing will ever again”: Ibid., p. 370.
Jackson, Hatcher said: Ibid., p. 417.
The incumbent, the Vice-President: Wallace, The Man, p. 251.
Joe Klein, writing in Time: Joe Klein, “The Fresh Face,” Time, October 15, 2006.
And David Brooks: David Brooks, New York Times, October 19, 2006.
In January, Obama had kept: “Meet the Press,” NBC, October 22, 2006.
For a Time cover story: Joe Klein, “The Fresh Face,” Time, October 15, 2006.
In David Axelrod’s Chicago office: Balz and Johnson, The Battle for America, p. 28.
“I said to him, ‘Do you really think’”: Jill Zuckman, Chicago Tribune, October 18, 2006.
Tom Daschle, who gave up a chance: Tom Daschle interview, “Frontline,” PBS, June 10, 2008.
“Because I do see in him”: Jeff Zeleny, Chicago Tribune, December 25, 2005.
On November 28, 2006: Balz and Johnson, The Battle for America 2008, p. 29.
Echoing the advice of Durbin: Ibid., p. 30.
In mid-December, Obama: Pete Rouse interview, “Frontline,” PBS, July 11, 2008.
When Obama came home: Ibid.
Late at night, on January 6th: Plouffe, The Audacity to Win, p. 27.
“The genius of our founders”: Barack Obama, Springfield, Illinois, February 10, 2007.
A couple of days before: Ben Wallace-Wells, “Destiny’s Child,” Rolling Stone, February 22, 2007.
“This is a fucking disaster”: Plouffe, The Audacity to Win, p. 40.
“Look, Obama is a very decent”: Cornel West, State of the Black Union, Hampton, Virginia, February 10, 2007.
“He’s young, he’s inexperienced”: Charles Ogletree, State of the Black Union, Hampton, Virginia, February 10, 2007.
The Obama campaign took polls: Plouffe, The Audacity to Win, p. 124.
The near absence of Jackson: “Saturday Night Live,” NBC, March 2, 2008.
Just after Lincoln: Mendelberg, The Race Card, p. 36.
Speakers at the Democratic Convention: Ibid., p. 39.
In 1868, Georges Clemenceau: Ibid., p. 43.
One of its campaign badges: Ibid., p. 45.
Democratic Party–controlled newspapers: Ibid., p. 47.
In the United States between 1890: Ibid., p. 58.
James Thomas Heflin: Branch, Parting the Waters, p. 51.
Southern politicians, like Theodore Bilbo: Mendelberg, The Race Card, p. 71.
During a Senate hearing in 1946: Ibid.
George Wallace dropped: Ibid., p. 91.
After filming a commercial: Ibid., p. 97.
Bush pressed the Horton case: Ibid., p. 142.
Bush’s media consultant: Ibid.
On December 21, 2006: Joshua Green, “The Hillary Clinton Memos,” The Atlantic, August 11, 2008.
Three months later: Ibid.
“I can maybe work with him”: Frady, Jesse, p. 493.
“The initiative displayed the parochial”: Randall Kennedy, “The Triumph of Robust Tokenism,” The Atlantic, February 2001.
Speaking on television in December: “Newsmakers Live,” December 2007.
The Reverend Joseph Lowery: Paige Bowers, “A Civil Rights Divide Over Obama,” Time, January 31, 2008.
“These old black politicians”: Logan Hill, “How I Made It: Spike Lee on ‘Do the Right Thing,’” New York Magazine, April 7, 2008.
George H. W. Bush once called him: Frady, Jesse, p. 5.
Mario Cuomo, however: Ibid., p. 14.
“When you are unkind to the homeless”: Ibid., p. 48.
“We are a hybrid people”: Ibid., p. 76.
“I never slept under”: Ibid.
“You know, people’d always ask”: Ibid., p. 82.
When Jesse was a boy: Ibid., p. 97.
“Jesse ain’t got no daddy”: Ibid., p. 86.
When he came to Greenville: Ibid., p. 91.
“Jesse wanted to be Martin”: Ibid., p. 209.
“If I were a candidate”: Andrew Sullivan, “Goodbye to All That: Why Obama Matters,” The Atlantic, December 2007.
According to a South Carolina paper: Ibid.
“If Barack doesn’t win Iowa”: Mike Glover, Associated Press, September 27, 2007.
Bill Clinton went: “The Charlie Rose Show,” PBS, December 14, 2007.
“You know, they said”: Barack Obama, Des Moines, Iowa, January 3, 2008.
An astonishing set of rhetorical gestures: Frady, Jesse, p. 306.
Bill Clinton, he said: Michael Hill, Baltimore Sun, January 16, 2008.
“I told him that I loved him”: Steve Vogel, Washington Post, October 21, 2000.
It offered a five-thousand-dollar-per-month: Christopher Cooper, Corey Dade, and Valerie Bauerlein, Wall Street Journal, January 23, 2008.
He finally accepted a competing offer: Ibid.
“I didn’t know if I was going to live”: Eric Ernst, (Sarasota, Florida) Herald Tribune, October 15, 2008.
“All those nights I thought”: Ibid.
She wanted to “help”: Barack Obama, National Constitution Center, Philadelphia, March 18, 2008.
In mid-October, 2007: Katherine Q. Seelye, New York Times, October 14, 2007.
“I’ve heard some folks say”: Barack Obama, Manning, South Carolina, November 2, 2007.
“Don’t let people turn you around”: Ben Smith, Politico, January 27, 2008.
“What I remember most”: Michelle Obama, Orangeburg, South Carolina, November 20, 2007.
One state senator: Jim Davenport, Associated Press, February 13, 2007.
“By itself, that single moment”: Barack Obama, Ebenezer Baptist Church, Atlanta, Georgia, January 20, 2008.
When, in a South Carolina debate: CNN Democratic Debate, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, January 21, 2008.
In the same debate, Clinton: Ibid.
It was such a charged evening: Heilemann and Halperin, Game Change, p. 206.
One early sign that the 2008 race: Jason Horowitz, New York Observer, February 4, 2007.
He brushed it off: CNN.com, January 31, 2007.
Obama wanted to appear: Ibid.
The mood among Obama’s aides: Anne E. Kornblut, Washington Post, December 13, 2007.
There was Robert Johnson: CNN, January 13, 2008.
There was Hillary Clinton: Editorial, New York Times, January 9, 2008.
The day before the New Hampshire primary: Abdon M. Pallasch, Chicago Sun-Times, January 9, 2008.
Donna Brazile, who had been: Ben Smith, Politico, January 11, 2008.
When it seemed that Obama: Steve Kornacki, New York Observer, January 26, 2008.
“Do you personally have any”: ABC News, July 4, 2008.
Bill Clinton’s frustration was so deep: CNN, April 22, 2008.
In the wake of Super Tuesday: Sean Wilentz, “Race Man,” The New Republic, February 27, 2008.
Not long after Wilentz’s article: Katherine Q. Seelye and Julie Bosman, New York Times, March 12, 2008.
The comment of hers: Kathy Kiely and Jill Lawrence, USA Today, May 8, 2008.
Charles Rangel: Richard Sisk and David Saltonstall, New York Daily News, May 9, 2008.
Fox played the clips: Editorial, New York Post, March 14, 2008.
Bob Herbert, in the New York Times: Bob Herbert, New York Times, April 3, 2008.
Patricia Williams, in The Nation: Patricia Williams, “Let Them Eat Waffles,” The Nation, May 1, 2008.
“Wright’s homiletics had the effect”: Sharpley-Whiting, The Speech, p. 7.
As recently as January, 2007: Manya A. Brachear, Chicago Tribune, January 21, 2007.
At the Tribune session: Editorial, Chicago Tribune, March 16, 2008.
To begin, Obama called: Barack Obama, National Constitution Center, Philadelphia, March 18, 2008.
“I can no more disown him”: Ibid.
Obama’s speech won: Editorial, New York Times, March 19, 2008; editorial, Washington Post, March 19, 2008.
The right wing’s response: “Fox News,” March 18, 2008.
“Have you heard the whole sermon”: Jeremiah Wright, National Press Club, Washington, D.C., April 28, 2008.
Speaking at an N.A.A.C.P. dinner: Jeremiah Wright, N.A.A.C.P., Detroit, Michigan, April 27, 2008.
Interviewed by Cliff Kelley: “The Cliff Kelley Show,” WVON, November 25, 2008.
“He doesn’t have a church”: Ibid.
As late as June, 2009: David Squires, Daily Press, June 10, 2009.
He joked with his aides: Wolffe, Renegade, p. 184.
That night, on NBC: NBC, May 6, 2008.
Michael Eric Dyson: Michael Eric Dyson, “Obama’s Rebuke of Absentee Black Fathers,” Time, June 19, 2008.
The novelist Ishmael Reed: Ishmael Reed, CounterPunch, June 24, 2008.
On July 6th, Jesse Jackson: “The O’Reilly Factor,” Fox News, July 6, 2008.
“Your door is shut”: McKay, The Complete Poems, p. 148.
When his aides charged: Michael Shear and Dan Balz, Washington Post, July 30, 2008.
When Obama told the St. Petersburg Times: Adam C. Smith, St. Petersburg Times, August 2, 2008.
“His comments were clearly”: CNN, August 3, 2008.
After McCain lost: John McCain, Charleston, South Carolina, February 19, 2000.
In early October: “Hannity’s America,” Fox News, October 5, 2008.
“It is your character”: McCain, Character Is Destiny, p. xi.
In 2000, McCain had called: Brian Knowlton, New York Times, February 29, 2000.
Jon Stewart, the host: David Grann, “The Fall,” The New Yorker, November 17, 2008.
“Our opponent,” she said: CNN, October 4, 2008.
McCain, using the same: David Grann, “The Fall,” The New Yorker, November 17, 2008.
Now, a month before the election: Politico, October 11, 2008.
McCain issued a statement: David Grann, “The Fall,” The New Yorker, November 17, 2008.
Obama was disingenuous: Democratic Debate, National Constitution Center, Philadelphia, April 16, 2008.
“On the Republican side”: “Meet the Press,” NBC, October 19, 2008.
In a poll conducted by the BBC: BBC News, September 10, 2008.
The Obama campaign: Jonathan D. Salant, “Bloomberg News,” December 27, 2008.
Derrick Z. Jackson: Derrick Z. Jackson, Boston Globe, November 22, 2008.
She was born: Barack Obama, Grant Park, Chicago, November 5, 2008.
The records tell us: White House Historical Association, www.whitehousehistory.org.
Three slaves at the White House: Ibid.
“Can one imagine”: Wills, Negro President, p. 213.
“To the Southern-born”: Bordewich, Washington: The Making of the American Capital, p. 191.
On a given day: Robert J. Kapsch, “Building Liberty’s Capital: Black Labor and the New Federal City,” American Visions, February-March 1995.
Jennings recalled Dolley: Jennings, A Colored Man’s Reminiscences of James Madison, p. 12.
“I never saw him in a passion”: Ibid., p. 17.
“I was always with Mr. Madison”: Ibid., p. 20.
We do know that James Polk: William Seale, “Upstairs and Downstairs: The 19th Century White House,” American Visions, February-March 1995.
Keckley called slavery: Keckley, Behind the Scenes, p. 3.
She was, she tells us: Ibid., p. 14.
When her uncle: Ibid., p. 12.
The resulting pregnancy: Ibid., p. 16.
Keckley understood well: Ibid., p. 15.
She married but refused: Ibid., p. 20.
Instead, she developed her skills: Ibid., p. 34.
Mrs. Lincoln had spilled coffee: Ibid., p. 35.
“You seem to be”: Ibid., p. 39.
On the evening: Ibid., p. 45.
Almost immediately: Ibid., p. 46.
Keckley describes Lincoln: Ibid.
And in a scene of gothic strangeness: Ibid., p. 47.
First, she was taken: Ibid., p. 83.
“They made room for me”: Ibid., p. 84.
After paying her respects: Ibid.
But after the book appeared: Carolyn Sorisio, “Unmasking the Genteel Performer: Elizabeth Keckley’s Behind the Scenes and the Politics of Public Wrath,” African American Review 34, no. 1 (2000).
“Where will it end?”: Fleischner, Mrs. Lincoln and Mrs. Keckly, p. 317.
In a letter to the New York Citizen: Ibid., p. 318.
“To become President”: Hofstadter, The American Political Tradition, p. 164.
If Lincoln grew: Ibid., p. 165.
As he wrote to Horace Greeley: Ibid., p. 169.
The resulting document: Ibid.
Even in August: Stauffer, Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln, p. 17.
“Your race are suffering”: Ibid.
As one of his biographers: Ibid., p. 6.
His glance, Douglass recalled: Douglass, Autobiographies, p. 787.
As Douglass went up the stairs: Stauffer, Giants: The Parallel Lives of Frederick Douglass and Abraham Lincoln, p. 19.
Writing many years later: Douglass, Autobiographies, p. 785.
“Long lines of care”: Ibid.
Lincoln hardly satisfied: Ibid., p. 786.
Douglass left Washington: Ibid., p. 798.
As late as four decades after: New York Times, April 12, 1904.
And in 1904: McNeil, Groundwork: Charles Hamilton Houston and the Struggle for Civil Rights, p. xvi.
In the days before Barack Obama was inaugurated: Peter Baker, “Obama’s War Over Terror,” The New York Times Magazine, January 17, 2010.
Johnson spoke of: Johnson, James Weldon Johnson: The Complete Poems, p. 109.
“God of our weary years”: Joseph Lowery, Inaugural Benediction, Washington, D.C., January 20, 2009.
“Even at the inauguration”: Fox News, January 20, 2009.