^* The immediate source for the Dilthey quotations in the following passage is Bultmann’s ‘The problem of hermeneutics’ (Essays, 1955, pp. 234–61).

^* There is now an extensive literature to support this view. See, for example, ‘In the Mental Hospital’ (articles from The Lancet, 1955–6).

^* There is the story of the patient in a lie-detector who was asked if he was Napoleon. He replied, ‘No’. The lie-detector recorded that he was lying.

^* Schizophrenia cannot be understood without understanding despair. See especially Kierkegaard, The sickness unto death, 1954; Binswanger, ‘The case of Ellen West’ 1944–5; Leslie Farber, ‘The therapeutic despair’, 1958.