7. Metternich Redux: Henry Kissinger

    1. Minutes of Weekly Luncheon, September 12, 1967, Tom Johnson Meeting Notes File, box 2, LBJL.

    2. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 59.

    3. Robert K. Brigham and George C. Herring, “The Pennsylvania Peace Initiative,” in Gardner and Gittinger, The Search for Peace in Vietnam, 68.

    4. Interview with Richard V. Allen, May 28, 2002, Ronald Reagan Oral History Project, Miller Center for Public Affairs Presidential Oral History Program, http://web1.millercenter.org/poh/transcripts/ohp_2002_0528_allen.pdf.

    5. Henry Kissinger to Averell Harriman, August 15, 1968, Papers of W. Averell Harriman, box 481.

    6. Averell Harriman to Henry Kissinger, September 8, 1968, ibid.

    7. Isaacson, Kissinger, 131.

    8. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 73–74. On the Paris negotiations, see Herbert Y. Schandler, “The Pentagon and Peace Negotiations After March 31,” in Gardner and Gittinger, The Search for Peace in Vietnam, and Milne, “The 1968 Paris Peace Negotiations.”

    9. Ambassador Bunker to Dean Rusk, November 2, 1968, Papers of W. Averell Harriman, box 506.

  10. Jacoby, The Age of American Unreason, 153.

  11. Isaacson, Kissinger, 133.

  12. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 81.

  13. Isaacson, Kissinger, 132.

  14. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 28.

  15. Isaacson, Kissinger, 23.

  16. Ibid., 27.

  17. Del Pero, The Eccentric Realist, 73.

  18. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 35.

  19. Isaacson, Kissinger, 26. Suri’s Henry Kissinger and the American Century is highly effective in connecting Kissinger’s experiences as a Jew in Nazi Germany to the ideas he dispensed while in academia and in government.

  20. Isaacson, Kissinger, 38.

  21. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 57–58.

  22. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 37.

  23. Isaacson, Kissinger, 45.

  24. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 68.

  25. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 49.

  26. Quoted in Isaacson, Kissinger, 29.

  27. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 5.

  28. Isaacson, Kissinger, 58.

  29. Graubard, Kissinger, 5.

  30. Isaacson, Kissinger, 61.

  31. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 41.

  32. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 246, and Isaacson, Kissinger, 697.

  33. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 113.

  34. Kuklick, Blind Oracles, 184–88.

  35. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 124.

  36. Isaacson, Kissinger, 76–77. The Ph.D. dissertation was later published as A World Restored: Metternich, Castlereagh and the Problems of Peace.

  37. Isaacson, Kissinger, 75.

  38. Kissinger, A World Restored, 329.

  39. Ibid., 330.

  40. Kissinger, White House Years, 13–14.

  41. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 47.

  42. Kissinger, “Military Policy and Defense of the ‘Gray Areas.’”

  43. Study Group Reports, “Nuclear Weapons and Foreign Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations, May 4, 1955, Henry DeWolf Smyth Papers, Series II, box 4.

  44. Henry Kissinger to Hamilton Fish Armstrong, August 17, 1957, Papers of Hamilton Fish Armstrong, box 39.

  45. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 11.

  46. Isaacson, Kissinger, 89.

  47. Interview with Paul H. Nitze, April 7, 1982, Papers of Paul H. Nitze, box 118.

  48. Paul Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, 298.

  49. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 48.

  50. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 9.

  51. Isaacson, Kissinger, 88.

  52. Reinhold Niebuhr, “Limited Warfare,” Christianity and Crisis 17, November 11, 1957, in Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 156.

  53. Isaacson, Kissinger, 88, and Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 156–57.

  54. Henry A. Kissinger, “The Policymaker and the Intellectual,” The Reporter, March 5, 1959, GFKP, box 26.

  55. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 55.

  56. Isaacson, Kissinger, 111, 113.

  57. Schlesinger, Journals, 1952–2000, 124.

  58. Kissinger, White House Years, 39–40.

  59. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 176.

  60. Schulzinger, Henry Kissinger, 14.

  61. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 56.

  62. See Goldberg, Barry Goldwater.

  63. Isaacson, Kissinger, 117–19.

  64. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 57.

  65. Ibid., 57–59.

  66. Isaacson, Kissinger, 123.

  67. Henry Kissinger to Hans Morgenthau, November 13, 1968, Papers of Hans J. Morgenthau, box 33.

  68. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 15.

  69. Isaacson, Kissinger, 137.

  70. Kissinger, White House Years, 15.

  71. Conversation between Henry Kissinger and Walt Rostow, January 13, 1970, Kissinger Telcons, reel 3.

  72. Interview with Paul H. Nitze, April 20, 1982, Papers of Paul H. Nitze, box 118.

  73. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 91.

  74. Isaacson, Kissinger, 148.

  75. Herring, From Colony to Superpower, 764.

  76. Haig, Inner Circles, 201.

  77. Isaacson, Kissinger, 192.

  78. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 23.

  79. Isaacson, Kissinger, 139.

  80. Patterson, Grand Expectations, 735.

  81. Zelizer, Arsenal of Democracy, 243.

  82. Nixon, “Asia After Viet Nam,” 121, 123.

  83. Zelizer, Arsenal of Democracy, 222.

  84. Dominic Sandbrook, “Salesmanship and Substance: The Influence of Domestic Politics and Watergate,” in Logevall and Preston, Nixon on the World, 88.

  85. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 161.

  86. Zelizer, Arsenal of Democracy, 240.

  87. Kissinger, White House Years, 61–62.

  88. Kennan, diary entry, May 6, 1966, GFKP, box 236.

  89. Gaddis, George F. Kennan, 617.

  90. Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, 293, 295.

  91. Ibid., 299.

  92. Callahan, Dangerous Capabilities, 331.

  93. Dobrynin, In Confidence, 199.

  94. Isaacson, Kissinger, 209.

  95. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 225.

  96. Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, 309, 313.

  97. Callahan, Dangerous Capabilities, 357.

  98. Transcript of telephone conversation between President Nixon and Kissinger, May 17, 1972, FRUS: 1969–1976, 14:922.

  99. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 226.

100. Nitze, From Hiroshima to Glasnost, 328–29.

101. Gaddis, George F. Kennan, 621.

102. Zumwalt, On Watch, 490.

103. Callahan, Dangerous Capabilities, 359.

104. Interview with Paul H. Nitze, October 31, 1985, Box 119, Papers of Paul H. Nitze.

105. See Clark, The Chinese Cultural Revolution, and Spence, The Search for Modern China.

106. Gaddis, George F. Kennan, 583.

107. Hanhimäki, Flawed Architect, 55.

108. Suri, Henry Kissinger and the American Century, 183–84.

109. See Griffin, Ping-Pong Diplomacy.

110. Kissinger, White House Years, 727.

111. Ibid., 728.

112. Dallek, Nixon and Kissinger, 292.

113. Memorandum for Henry A. Kissinger, “Memcon of Your Conversations with Chou En-lai,” July 29, 1971, National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book no. 66, document 34, 4, www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB66/ch-34.pdf.

114. Ibid., 22.

115. Ibid., 40.

116. Ibid., 41.

117. Zelizer, Arsenal of Democracy, 242.

118. For an evocative account of Nixon’s visit, see Macmillan, Nixon and Mao.

119. A fine recording of Nixon in China is Marin Alsop conducting the Colorado Symphony Orchestra in 2008. Naxos American released this three-CD box set in 2009.

120. See Kissinger, White House Years, 1053–1056.