INDEX
Aboriginal land rights 24, 185–7, 387
Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 (Cwlth) 387
action painting 123
affirmation of allegiance 32, 58
Aickin, Keith 284
aid, for Papua New Guinea 57
Alcoa 200
Anderson, Kenneth 251
Angleton, James Jesus 69
annual leave 63
Anthony, Doug 16, 50, 110, 124, 141, 158, 257, 293, 294, 324, 325, 337, 349
APODETI (Timorese Popular Democratic Association) 381
Appropriation Act 1974–75 (Cwlth) 208
Arab–Israeli war (1973) 115
Armitage, John 255
Armstrong, John 41–2
arts, funding and support 11, 54–6
Askin, Robert 23, 28–9, 82, 109, 134
Atomic Energy Commission 200
Atwill, John 134, 135, 221, 291
Austin, RW 283
Australia
appeals to Privy Council 72, 74–8, 93, 130
Australian honours system 405
British imperial honours 29, 377–8
national independence 71–2, 76
Australia–Britain relationship
British attitude towards Whitlam government 72–8, 93
Queen Elizabeth’s view of 109, 130
removal of residual colonial ties with Britain 71–8
Australia–China Council 453, 457
Australia–Indonesia relationship 56
Australia–US relationship 3, 42, 47–8, 91–2, 293, 294, 383, 392
Australian–American Association 417
Australian Association for Cultural Freedom 133
Australian Capital Territory, self-government 36
Australian Council for the Arts 54
Australian Film and Television School 55
Australian Heritage Commission 428
Australian Heritage Commission Act 1975 (Cwlth) 428
Australian Industry Development Corporation 225
Australian Journalists’ Association (AJA) 356
Australian Labor Party
abortion policy 85
anti-Communist Labor 133
‘faceless men’ 16
federal election campaign 1972 1–3, 6–7
federal election campaign 1974 150–5
federal election campaign 1975 351–3, 362–8
federal election campaign 1977 393
federal election campaign 1983 422
federal election campaign 2004 470–1
foreign policy 91
National Conferences 68, 89–91, 165, 196–200, 476–7
political donations policy 371
relations with ASIO 67–8
wilderness years 2
see also Caucus
Australian Law Reform Commission 185
Australian Medical Association, campaign against Medibank 117, 179
Australian Mining Industry Council 114
Australian National Commission for UNESCO 427
Australian National University (ANU)
appointment of Whitlam as visiting fellow 400, 402–6
Kerr’s ‘tutorial’ advisory group 304–5, 402, 413
Australian Newspaper Commission 230
Australian Schools Commission 24, 86
Australian Secret Intelligence Service (ASIS) 189, 282–3
Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) 472
Australian Security Intelligence Organisation (ASIO)
dossier on Jim Cairns 161–2
files on senior members of government 67–8, 162
investigation of ‘Iraqi breakfast affair’ 370, 372, 374
and jurisdiction of Attorney General 69–70
‘raid’ by Lionel Murphy 66–7, 68–9, 98
relations with Commonwealth Police 66
relations with Labor Party 67–8
Special Projects branch 162
telephone interceptions 67
use by Menzies 67
defence portfolio 36
in first full ministry 30
loss of deputy leadership 161, 222
as member of duumvirate 13, 14–15, 19, 26–7
resignation 222–3
Whitlam’s view of 107, 108, 132
Barrdjungka, Curley 436
Barry McKenzie Holds His Own (film) 138
Barton, Edmund 209
Barwick, Sir Garfield
advice to Kerr 136, 137, 303–4, 308, 309, 310, 320–1, 358–62
anti-Semitism 287–8
at International Court of Justice 100, 209
attitude towards Lionel Murphy 98, 171, 209, 210, 211, 297
attitude towards Whitlam 137, 212
as Attorney-General 162
as Chief Justice of High Court 58, 171, 209, 258
meeting with Fraser in PNG 312–13
relationship with Kerr 136, 137, 221, 262, 298, 306, 313, 410
relationship with Menzies 313
support for dismissal of Whitlam 320–1
Batman, John 186
Baume, Peter 241, 251, 267, 298
Beazley, Kim (Snr) 30, 33, 43, 110, 131, 371, 427
Berinson, Joe 341
Bilney, Gordon 20–1
Bishop, Reg 30
Bjelke-Petersen government (Qld) 141–2, 171, 179, 181, 231
Bjelke-Petersen, Joh 28, 29, 116–17, 139, 141, 191, 247, 248, 291, 300, 367
Blue Poles [painting] (Pollock) 123–4, 126
Bolton, Geoffrey 149
Bonner, Neville 251, 267, 291, 450, 451
Bowen, Lionel 30, 107, 110, 193, 401
Brennan, Chief Justice 467
Britain
attitude towards UNESCO 429, 432, 433, 443–4
entry to European Economic Community (EEC) 73
first official visit by Whitlam 71
ignorance of Whitlam government foreign policy 75
relations with Australia 41–2, 71–8, 93, 109, 130
rights of Australian expatriates 73
withdrawal from UNESCO 447
British imperial honours 29, 377–8, 405
Brown, William 46
Bruce, Stanley Melbourne 6
Bruce–Page government 2, 6, 479
Budd, Dale 336
Bunting, Sir John 5, 7–8, 14, 15, 35, 37–8, 39, 48, 108, 129, 229, 230
Burchett, Wilfred 23
Burns, Tom 471
Byers, Maurice 148, 204, 205, 286, 296, 408
Cabinet, role in Labor government 37–8
Cabinet submissions, women’s impact statements 82
Cairns, Jim 30, 31, 47, 50, 68, 103, 104, 108, 132, 160, 423
as acting prime minister 193–4, 222
ASIO dossier on 161–2
as deputy prime minister 161
on economic policy 164, 165, 167
failure of judgement 224–5
loan-raising activities 225–8
relationship with Junie Morosi 199, 225
sacking of 226–8
as Treasurer 166, 168–9, 198, 224, 225–8
Calder, Sam 175
Calwell, Arthur 35, 43, 89–90, 157, 391, 401
Cambodia 399–400
Cameron, Clyde 30, 31, 34, 46, 47, 104, 163, 165, 167, 206, 214, 215, 223, 239, 372
Cameron, Rod 352
Carlton Club 411
Carlton Football Club 178, 225
Carter, Jimmy (US President) 392
Casey, Lord 138
Casey, RG 425
Caucus
agreement to call double dissolution election 148
control of 165
election of first full ministry of Whitlam government 29–30
election of new ministry in 1974 161, 162
fractured nature in 1974 163
impact on economic policy 163–8
non-attendance at opening of parliament under Fraser 375
primacy of 37–8, 44–5, 46, 238
role in election of Labor ministry 4–5, 6, 7, 13, 14, 16, 30, 238
women members 154
centralism 60
Charles, Prince of Wales 311–12, 319, 412
Charteris, Sir Martin 312, 376, 377, 411, 412
Chater, Gordon 51
Chifley Labor government 11, 426
Child, Joan 154
Chile 189
China
meeting between Whitlam and Mao Zedong 40, 121–2
meeting between Zhou Enlai and Whitlam 121
recognition by Australia 20, 120, 121
Whitlam visits 40, 41, 120–2, 457, 471–2
Christian Moral Rearmament 131
Christopher, Warren 392
Chugg, Michael 25
CIA (US Central Intelligence Agency)
in Australia 133–4, 162, 293–5, 322
on Australian position on Timor 383–4
‘demarche’ cable to ASIO 322
Coates, John 463
Coburn, John 436
Coleman, Ruth 154
Coles, Sir Arthur 8–9
Combe, David 105–6, 138, 140, 141, 142, 191, 198, 265, 327, 338, 353, 363, 364, 370, 372, 393
Commonwealth Club (Canberra) 39
Commonwealth Law Ministers’ Conference (London 1973) 74
Commonwealth Police, relations with ASIO 66
Communist Party of Australia 134, 161
Communist Party Dissolution Act (Cwlth) 208
Companies (Foreign Take-overs) Act 1972 (Cwlth) 113
Conciliation and Arbitration Commission 19–20, 24, 81
Connor, Rex
as backbencher 254
Cabinet performance 167–8
death 407
in first Whitlam ministry 30
minerals and energy policy vision 115, 200–3
minerals and energy portfolio 35
overseas loans to fund energy development 202–8, 222, 224, 233, 234–5
Petroleum and Minerals Authority Bill 180–1
relationship with Lenox Hewitt 35
resignation 234–6, 237–8, 240, 254, 255, 311
veto of proposed aluminium refinery in WA 127–8
Whitlam’s view of 107, 114–15, 238–9, 407–8
Constitution
external affairs power 428
s 12 142
s 57 88, 137, 144–5, 146, 147, 150
s 96 87
Constitutional Commission 456
Constitutional Review Committee 107, 456
Cook, Philip 34
Cooley, Alan 7, 35, 37, 39, 229
Coombs, HC ‘Nugget’ 43, 79, 186
as adviser on the arts 11
as adviser on economic policy 11–12, 50, 164
chair of Australia Council for the Arts 54, 55
fellow at ANU 403–4
speaks to Kerr on Supply question 253
taskforce examining expenditure commitments of previous government 106
Cooper Basin natural gas project 200, 203
Cope, Jim 170, 173, 214–16, 239
Cormack, Sir Magnus 118, 170, 216, 344
Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation 185
Country Party
benefits of electoral inequalities 62
disarray following 1972 coalition defeat 49, 50
relations with Democratic Labor Party 118
and subsidies and tariff protection 102–3
support for education reforms 110
see also Liberal–Country Party Coalition in Opposition
Crean, Frank
as deputy Prime Minister 227, 324, 325, 327, 338
in first full ministry of Whitlam government 30
recommended as possible Governor-General 131, 132
as Treasurer 50, 101–2, 107, 118, 162, 164–9, 239
Croatian extremism/terrorism 66–7, 68–9, 70
Cullen, Paul 310
cultural nationalism 403
Curtin, Elsie 58
Cyclone Tracy 193–4
Daly, Fred 30, 31, 33, 36, 63, 175, 239, 256, 259–60, 313, 324, 325, 327, 332, 338, 342, 368, 435
Darling, Sir James 229
Darwin
Cyclone Tracy 193–4
reconstruction 194
Deane, William 301
Democratic Labor Party
blocking of supply in Senate 149
expulsion of Gair 142
loss of Senate seats 154
rejection of Gair 139
relations with Country Party 118
split with Labor Party 89, 133
spoiling tactics in Victoria 84–5
Department of Aboriginal Affairs 34–5, 107
Department of the Capital Territory 36
Department of Defence 36
Department of Economic Planning 199–200
Department of Foreign Affairs 128–9
Department of Media, creation 35
Department of Minerals and Energy 35
Department of the Northern Territory 36
Department of Overseas Trade and Secondary Industry 103
Department of Prime Minister and Cabinet 129
Department of Property and Services 36
Department of Treasury
advice on inflation and unemployment 101
calls for fiscal restraint 102
deflationary economic strategy 163–8
disapproval of loan from Khemlani 207
error in surplus forecast 167
increase in power of 36
relations with Whitlam government 37, 129–30, 167–8, 199–200, 207–8, 228–30, 286–7
response to tariff cuts 103–4
Department of Urban and Regional Development 35, 44
Deschamps, Noel 282
diplomatic postings 40–3
divorce 182–3
Dodson, Patrick 185
double dissolution
constitutional provision for 88
decision to call election in 1974 148–50
possibilities of 88, 110, 119, 137, 140, 144–6
‘trigger Bills’ 145, 146–7, 170
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec 74
Dovey (formerly Whitlam), Catherine 396
Dovey, Mary 58
Downer, Sir Alexander 41
Dunstan, Don 477
East Timor
APODETI (Timorese Popular Democratic Association) 381
declaration of independence 384
Fraser government policy 384, 385
invasion by Indonesia 385, 475
murder of Australian news crew 281–2, 475, 476
Senate Committee hearings into 475
UDT (Timorese Democratic Union) 381
under Portuguese control 378
US position 382–3
Whitlam government policy 378–84
economic policy
government spending cuts 163
impact of fractured caucus 163–8
possible deficit under McMahon 57
revaluation of Australian dollar 50–1
revision of Whitlam government strategy 163–5, 197–8
economy
inflationary pressure 57, 100–1, 110, 163
international influences 101, 163
education policy 85–8, 109–10, 125–6, 454
Eggleston, Sir Richard 274
Eggleton, Tony 410
elections: federal
1966 2
1973 (Parramatta by-election) 105, 110, 118
1974 (double dissolution) 148, 149, 153–5, 156–8
1974 (possible half-Senate) 140, 141
1975 367–8
1975 (Bass by-election) 223
1977 393
1983 422
elections: state/territory
Australian Capital Territory, 1974 190
Northern Territory 1974 190–1
Queensland 1974 191–2
Victoria 1973 84–5
Western Australia 1971 95
Western Australia 1974 127–8
electoral reform
coalition fears over 259–62
electoral boundaries 62–3, 84, 99, 174–5, 259–62, 361
passage of legislation 180
senate representation for territories 257–8
Elizabeth II (Queen of England)
approval of Kerr as Governor-General 137–8
lunch at the Lodge 108–9
opening of parliament 130
opening of Sydney Opera House 109
as ‘Queen of Australia’ 72, 108, 377
removal of portraits of 72
Speaker’s letter after dismissal 353–4
view of Australia–Britain relatinship 109, 130
Ellicot ‘thesis’ 262–5, 273, 280, 296
Ellicott, Bob 90, 255, 262–5, 270, 375, 409–10, 472
Enderby, Dorothy 7
Enderby, Kep 7, 30, 36, 107, 263–4, 265, 286, 296–7, 338
energy policy see minerals and resources policy
environmental law 91
equality 474
European Economic Community (EEC) 73, 193
Evatt, Mary 58
Everage, Dame Edna 138
Executive Council
attendance at meetings by Kerr 203–4, 222
eligibility for membership 15
Murphy’s advice to 14/12/74 meeting 407, 408
quorum for meetings 14
external affairs power 428
Fairbairn, Geoffrey 397
Fairfax, Vincent 131
Family Law Act 1975 (Cwlth) 182–4, 212
Farrands, John 295
Faulkner, John 477
federal-state relations 87, 88, 428
federalism 87–8
Fernandez, Roy 48
Fischer, Henry John 363–4, 370, 371–4
Fitzgerald Inquiry 192
Fitzgerald Report (on energy resources) 200
FitzGerald, Stephen 40–1, 121–2, 388, 402
Fitzgibbon, Joel 471
FM radio 55
Forace, Joe 7
Ford, Gerald (US President) 186, 384, 385, 386
foreign investment and ownership 111–15, 128, 180, 386
foreign policy
Australian independence in 19, 20–1, 21, 24, 91–3, 122–3
independence for Papua New Guinea 56–7
recognition of communist China 20, 120, 121
shifting focus towards Asia–Pacific region 56, 99
France
Australian embassy building in Paris 423–4, 434, 436
nuclear testing in the Pacific 78, 79, 90–1, 100, 209, 424
Fraser Coalition government
appointment of Kerr as ambassador to UNESCO 396–9
breach of caretaker arrangements 378
call for early election in 1983 422
calls early election in 1977 393
granting of Supply in the Senate 344–6
opening of Parliament 375
policy on East Timor 385
policy on Portuguese Timor 384
reintroduction of imperial honours 377–8
unravelling of Whitlam government policies and programs 385–6
censure motion against Whitlam 331–2
commission as Prime Minister 334–5, 336–7, 341
conditions for appointment as Prime Minister 336–7, 362, 409, 410, 413
‘council of war’ 291–2
as critic of Liberal Party 469
deferral of Appropriation Bills 247, 248, 249–52
election as leader of Liberal Party 216, 220
formal meetings with Kerr 269, 277–8, 279–80, 290, 292
intention to block supply 239–41, 275
‘Iraqi breakfast affair’ 370, 372, 374
joint statement with Whitlam supporting Australian republic 467
Keating’s descriptions of 217, 398
as ‘Kerr’s cur’ 348
on ‘Loans affair’ 233
loss of no-confidence motion against him 342–3
meeting with Barwick in PNG 312–13
objections to education policy 109–10
opinion polls on 290
personal attack by Tom Hughes at Gorton’s funeral 469
political strategy against Whitlam government 217, 218, 249, 315
on possibility of Whitlam’s dismissal 302, 319, 329
rejection of Whitlam’s offer of compromise 325–6
relationship with Kerr 276, 280–1, 298–9, 301–2, 310
relationship with Menzies 216, 218, 221, 270, 313
‘reprehensible circumstances’ 218, 222, 239
resignation from Liberal Party 469
support base within Liberal Party 221
Fraser, Tamie 469
freedom of information 184
‘Freedom Rides’ 10
French nuclear testing 78–9, 90, 93
Freudenberg, Graham 1, 4, 7, 10–11, 26, 44, 48, 49, 59, 142, 151, 158, 191, 265, 302, 338, 339, 368, 394, 413, 435, 452, 471, 475
‘Gair affair’ 138–43
Gair, Vince 29, 70, 138–9, 140–1, 142, 154, 211
Galbraith, John Kenneth 8
Game, Sir Philip 286
Gandhi, Indira 438
Garland, Vic 336
Garran, Robert 269
Gaudron, Mary 19
Gee, Ken 298
General Practitioners’ Society 117
Gerard, Jean 429, 437, 445, 446
Gillard, Julia 478
Gleeson, Murray 284
Gorbachev, Mikhail 463
Gorton Coalition government 61, 113, 427
Gorton, John 9, 18, 35, 113, 129, 216, 217, 246, 252–3, 259, 469
Governors-General
appointment of 135
powers 285
reserve powers 136, 265, 277, 278, 307
role 262–3, 265, 276–7, 277–8, 309–10, 327
Grants Commission 88
Grassby, Al 30, 32, 45, 51, 58, 109, 153, 154, 159–60
Grassby, Ellnor 159
Green, Marshall 91
Greer, Germaine 52–3
Gruen, Fred 164
Gudinski, Michael 25
Gunston, Norman 347
Gurindji people 185–6
Hackett, Jim 467
Halisham, Lord 411
Hall, Steele 154, 170, 175, 244, 248
Hamersley Holdings 200
Hannah, Sir Colin 277
Hansard, cover for joint sitting 172
Harders, Clarrie 7, 8, 14, 15, 39, 48, 65–6, 68, 193, 207, 228, 229, 234, 262, 265–6, 303–4, 351, 408
Hardy, Frank 185
Hargrove, James 389
Harradine, Brian 375
Harries Report 442
Hartley, Bill 362, 363, 364, 372, 373
Harvard 417–18
Hasluck, Sir Paul 32, 58, 59, 146, 170
on double dissolution election 148, 149–50, 314
meeting with Douglas Kendrew 94–5
Queale Memorial lecture 136
recommendations for successor 131–2
relationship with Whitlam 95–6, 130–1
swearing-in of Whitlam government 5, 6, 14, 15, 16–17, 19
understanding of vice-regal office 131
Hawke, Bob 100, 108, 109, 371, 450
on 1975 election defeat 368
address to 1975 ALP conference 196–7
election as member for Wills 422
on Kerr’s appointment 138
leadership ambitions 370
leadership of Labor Party 422
media attention 199
relationship with Whitlam 450, 452, 454–6
role in 1975 election campaign 352
on second airport for Sydney 105
on tariff cuts 105
Hawke, Hazel 108
Hawke Labor government
achievements at UNESCO 452
appointment of Whitlam as ambassador to UNESCO 424, 425
consensus style 454–5
environment and heritage policy 428
media ownership rules 468
at opening of 28th Parliament 58
challenge for leadership of Party 391
concerns over inflation and unemployment 165, 166, 167
dinner with Princess Margaret 283–4
on the dismissal 341
in first full ministry of Whitlam government 30, 31
foreign affairs portfolio 438–9, 452
leadership of Labor Party 396, 401, 421–2
loss of leadership 422
on Opposition hatred of Whitlam government 267
rejection of leadership of Party 369–70
Social Security portfolio 30, 33, 44
suspicions about Kerr’s intentions 298
as Treasurer 224, 257, 287, 297–8, 352, 474
health insurance see Medibank
Heath, Sir Edward 73, 74, 76–7, 93, 377
Henderson inquiry into poverty 198
Hennelly, Edmund 437
Herbert, Xavier 55–6
Heritage Foundation (US think-tank) 433, 441–2, 445, 446
Hewitt, Sir Lenox 35, 39, 129, 193, 199–200, 204, 205, 206, 207, 224, 230, 234
Higgins, Henry Bournes 209
High Court of Australia
appointments to 209–10
challenges to legislation 208, 257–8
decision on senate representation of territories 257–8, 259, 260, 313
delays in delivery of judgements 258–9
Lionel Murphy’s appointment to 210–11
Hinkler, Bert 119
Holt Coalition government 61
Hope, Robert (Justice) 136, 137, 162
Hope Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security 386
Horta, Ramos 384
House of Representatives
primacy of 60, 145, 241–2, 243, 245, 250–1, 261, 265
proposal for control over Appropriation 265–6
relationship to the Senate 250–1, 261
Howard Coalition government 467
Howard, Colin 274
Howard, John 255
Howard, Tito 373
Hughes, Tom 469
human rights, ratification of international agreements 24, 60, 89
Huxley, Julian 443
immigration
end of discriminatory practices 51–2, 160–1
reduced intake 51
under Fraser government 386
Indigenous affairs
National Apology 477
under Fraser government 386, 387
under Whitlam government 34–5
Indigenous Australians, permission to leave Australia 84
Indonesia, and East Timor 379–85
industrial law, penal sanctions 134
inflation
threat to reform program 100–1
infrastructure development 35
international agreements see UNESCO conventions; United Nations agreements, conventions and treaties
International Court of Justice, proceedings against French nuclear testing 78, 79, 90–1, 100, 209, 424
International Labor Organisation (ILO) 89, 427, 429
Convention on Freedom of Association and the Right to Organise 89
International Monetary Fund 202
‘Iraqi breakfast affair’ 363–4, 370–5
Jacobs, Kenneth (Justice) 210
James, Sir Morrice 41, 42, 58, 72–3, 74
Japan
visit by Whitlam 120
Jessop, Don 241, 251, 252, 268, 450
Johnson, Les 30
Jones, Barry 55, 392, 401, 425, 435
Jones, Charlie 30
Jones, Clem 194
Jost, John 243
Karidis, Jerry 206
Karmel Committee/report 86–7, 109
Karmel, Peter 86
Keating, Paul 30, 163, 217, 234–5, 236, 398, 468, 476
Kelly, Paul 97, 241, 301–2, 314
Kendrew, Sir Douglas 94–5
Kerr, Alison (‘Peggy’) 135–6, 221
Kerr (formerly Robson), Anne 221, 320, 332, 333, 335
advice from Barwick 136, 137, 303–4, 308, 309, 310, 320–1, 358–62
advice from Coombs 253
advice from Menzies 270–3
appointment as ambassador to UNESCO 396–9, 425
appointment as Governor-General 131, 132, 135–8
at St Andrews Day dinner 1976 389–90
attendance at Executive Council meetings 203–4, 222
attitude towards Whitlam 278–9, 280, 303–4, 319–20, 327–8
on bench of Commonwealth Industrial Court 134
briefing from Farrands on ‘security crisis’ 295
British imperial honours 377, 392
character 132–3, 276, 281, 317
as Chief Justice of NSW Supreme Court 134–5, 137
commissioning of Fraser as Prime Minister 334–5, 355
conditions of Fraser’s appointment as Prime Minister 336–7, 362, 409, 410, 413
connections with the Labor Party 133, 256
consults Chief Justice Barwick 258, 303–4, 308–9, 329, 334
correspondence with Buckingham Palace 353–5, 411, 412
decision to act against Whitlam and his government 308, 311, 312, 314, 315–18, 320, 327–8
defence of his sacking of Whitlam 451
dismissal of parliament 346–7
dismissal of Whitlam 333–4, 354–5
draft dismissal letters to Whitlam 315–18
drunkenness at public functions 392–3, 399, 415
Ellicott ‘thesis’ 262–4, 296–7
‘exile’ in England 410–11
fear of his own dismissal 277–8, 310, 311–12, 417
involvement in Loans affair 273, 299–301, 337
letter of dismissal to Whitlam 318–19
links to Liberal Party 133–4, 221, 410–11
meetings with Barwick 303–4, 310, 313, 334
meetings with Fraser 269, 277–8, 279–80, 290, 292, 298–9
memoirs 412–13
pension on retirement from Govenor-Generalship 135, 137, 398
preoccupation with events of 1975 411–12
proclamation of joint sitting 172
public treatment following dismissal 375–6
relationship with Barwick 221, 262, 306, 410
relationship with Fraser 276, 280–1, 297, 298–9, 328, 410, 413
relationship with Jim McClelland 285, 398–9
relationship with Mason 304–7, 308–9, 313, 320, 320–1, 411–12, 412
relationship with Whitlam 264–5, 276–7, 278, 279, 281, 285–6, 291, 411, 412
remarriage 221
resignation as Governor-General 392, 397
on role and power of Governor-General 136–7, 277–8, 280, 281, 285, 304, 307–8, 309–10, 359
swearing-in as Governor-General 170
‘tutorial’ advisory group at ANU 304–5, 402, 413
understanding of motives behind blocking of Supply 261–2
visit from Lord Mountbatten 354, 371
visits to Buckingham Palace 138, 376–7
Keynesianism 11
Khemlani, Tirath 206–7, 208, 222, 234, 235, 239, 254–5
Killen, Jim 50, 58, 143, 145, 248, 410, 416, 420, 421
King, Robert 62
Kirby, Sir Richard 138
Kirner, Joan 397
Kissinger, Henry 40, 47, 48, 92, 188, 293, 382, 384
Krone, Anne 460
Kulinma: Listening to Aboriginal Australians (Coombs) 404
Lane, Pat 284
Latham, Don 449
Latham, Sir John 209
Law Association for Asia and the Western Pacific 133–4
legal aid 184
Lette, Kathy 435
Lewis, Tom 213
Liberal Party
disarray following 1972 election defeat 49–50, 99
divisions over blocking supply Bills 118–19, 143, 220–1, 241, 249, 251–3, 290, 291, 450–1
Liberal–Country Party coalition in Opposition
attitude to Whitlam government 28, 61, 98–9, 139, 158, 159, 175–8, 244–5, 267, 272
deferral of Appropriation Bills 247, 248, 249–52, 256, 261, 267
disarray following 1972 election defeat 49–50
fear of electoral reform 259–62
forcing of double dissolution election 256–7, 291, 292–3
intention to block supply 239–41, 257
joint party summmit 291–2
opinion polls 266–7, 268, 290, 315
political strategy in the Senate 61, 70, 143–4, 157–8, 159, 213, 451
presumption of equality between opposition and government 262–4
responses to Whitlam dismissal 343–4, 349
strategy to subvert half-Senate election 260–1, 270–1, 273, 292, 295
Lightfoot, Ross 475
‘Loans affair’ 202–8, 222, 225–8, 231–5, 231–6, 245, 254–5, 273, 299, 299–301, 337, 363
local government 88
Lombard, John 141
Low, Anthony 402
Lynch, Phil 49, 50, 226, 241, 323, 324, 325, 338, 410, 411
McClelland, Doug 30, 32, 35, 43, 267, 313, 332, 344
McClelland, Jim 128–9, 133, 211, 256, 261, 266, 285, 290, 345–6, 398–9
McEwen, John 103
McGarvie, Richard 27
McKell, Lady Mary 58
McKell, Sir William 58
McMahon Coalition government 3, 5, 7, 16, 17, 19, 20, 35, 37, 39, 40, 48, 50, 57, 61, 101, 113
McMahon, William (‘Billy’) 2, 3, 4, 5, 16, 20, 28, 78, 129, 215, 323
McManus, Frank 154
McNicoll, David 269
McNicoll, Lady Frances 99, 312
Mahoney, Frank 322
Mant, John 8, 287, 312, 323, 338, 339, 368
Marriott, John 251
Martin, Vince 401
Mary Kathleen Uranium mine 200
conversations with Sir John Kerr 136, 304–7, 308–9, 313, 318–19, 320–1, 334, 362, 375, 412
referendum on republic 467
Mathews, Race 435
Matters for Judgment (Kerr) 412–13
Maunsell, Ron 141
MB John & Hattersley Ltd 111
M’Bow, Amadou-Mahtar 429, 430, 437, 438, 442, 447
media
opposition to Fraser government 397
opposition to Murphy’s appointment to High Court 211–12
opposition to Whitlam government 5, 27, 41, 224, 230–1, 231, 239–40, 356–7, 372
ownership and control in developing countries 432, 440
ownership rules in Australia 230–1, 468–9
role in politics 369
support for Whitlam government 5, 22, 23, 27, 42–3, 53
see also Fairfax Press; Murdoch, Rupert; News Limited; newspapers and magazines
media reforms, media ownership 230–1, 468–9
campaigns against 117
debate over Bill 116, 145, 146
dismantling of 386
funding of 181–2
passage of legislation 179–80
Melzer, Jean 154
Menadue, John 43, 129, 192, 193, 194, 207, 208, 227, 229, 235, 278, 286, 294, 310, 313, 329, 332, 338, 351
Menzies Coalition government 5, 61, 67, 98, 208, 427
Menzies, Douglas (Justice) 208, 209
Menzies, Sir Robert 89, 138, 208, 209, 392
congratulatory note to Whitlam 9
influence on Whitlam 9, 87, 107
invoking of his views by Whitlam against Opposition 98, 174, 242, 270
public statement on blocking of supply 270–3
relationship with BA Santamaria 178
relationship with Barwick 313
relationship with Fraser 216, 218, 221, 270, 313
relationship with George Harris 225
relationship with Kerr 389–90
trips to Britain 76
use of ASIO 67
view of Alan Missen 252
view of Vincent Gair 140
views on Whitlam and his government 98–9, 169–70, 178, 269–71, 272–3
Midnight Oil 196
Milte, Kerry 66
minerals and resources policy
investment and ownership 111–15, 180–1, 200–2, 222
‘Loans Affair’ 202–8, 222, 225–8, 231–5, 231–6, 245, 254–5, 273, 299, 299–301, 337, 363
softening of stance 234
mining industry 112
ministerial personal advisers 12, 39–40
Missen, Alan 237, 241, 251, 252, 291, 451
Moore, Sir Philip 411
Morrison, Bill 30
Mountbatten, Lord Louis 354, 371
Muller, Robert 439
multiculturalism 160
Murdoch, Rupert 42–3, 77, 187–8, 230, 356, 357, 363, 372–5
Murphy, Lionel 22, 39, 58, 133
abolition of appeals to Privy Council 74
abolition of death penalty 63–4
appointment to the High Court 210–12
attacks in the Senate 70
as Attorney-General 65–6, 184, 204, 205, 207, 210, 211
case against French nuclear testing 78, 79, 90–1, 100, 209
on challenge to joint sitting 171
exclusion from interim Whitlam ministry 13, 14–16
first ministry 30
as Justice of the High Court 258, 297, 388
on Kerr’s appointment 138
as leader in the Senate 147–8, 150, 162–3, 182, 184
political cunning 100
professional status as a lawyer 98
Racial Discrimination Bill 160
rebuke of Barwick 360–7
resignation of Gair from Senate 140, 141, 142
treatment in Britain 73–4
National Archives of Australia 55
National Civic Council 178
National Gallery of Australia
acquisition of Blue Poles 123–4
construction 55
Whitlam as Chair of Council 454–5
national identity 71
National Library of Australia 55
National (Rehabilitation and) Compensation scheme 198
natural gas pipeline 203
Negus, George 66
Nervi, Pier Luigi 423–4
News Limited 43, 128, 226, 240, 301, 356–8, 372, 373–5, 468
newspapers and magazines
Age 23, 82, 150, 230, 231, 240, 243, 267, 273, 389, 416, 468–9
Australian 22, 43, 53, 60, 157, 224, 230, 240, 301, 356, 370, 373, 374, 397
Australian Financial Review 5, 158
Bulletin 161, 288, 324, 355, 451
GoSet 53
Herald 235
New York Times (US) 91
News of the World (UK) 187, 373
Sun-Herald 109
Sunday Times (London) 76
Sydney Morning Herald 5, 22, 27, 41, 82, 157, 212, 219, 240, 243, 397, 464
Time (US) 27
Nixon, Richard (US President) 47–8, 91, 92, 162
North-West Shelf energy resources 115, 201
Northern Territory, self-government 36
Nott, David 8
NRMA (National Roads and Motorists’ Association), demutualisation 472
nuclear testing, opposition to 78–9, 90, 93, 121
O’Byrne, Justin 33, 138–9, 170
oil embargo 115
OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries) 115
Opperman, Hubert 170
O’Shea, Clarrie 134
Pacific Community 418
A Pacific Community (Whitlam) 418
Papua New Guinea
aid for 57
Independence Day celebrations 311
timetable for independence 56–7, 311
Parliament
dissolution on Kerr’s order 346–8
joint sitting 144–5, 146, 147, 170–5, 178–80
opening of 28th Parliament 58–61
opening of 29th Parliament 170
Proclamation of double dissolution 150
see also double dissolution; House of Representatives; Senate
Patterson, Rex 30, 31, 108, 191, 192
Peacock, Andrew 283, 323, 397, 442
The People Make Laws 1888–1915 (Clark) 404–5
Perkins, Charles 10
personal advisers see ministerial personal advisers
Peters, Brian 476
‘petrodollars’ 202
Petroleum and Minerals Authority Act 1973 (Cwlth) 181, 208, 258
Petroleum and Minerals Authority Bill 84, 109, 145, 147, 171, 180–1
Petroleum and Minerals Authority (PMA) 201–2
Petrov affair 310
Petrov Royal Commission (on Espionage) 67
Pettifer, Jack 347
Piddington, Albert 212
Pipeline Authority 201
Playford, Sir Thomas 252
Portuguese Timor 281–2, 379–85
Press Council 230
Prices Justification Tribunal 110
prices regulation 110
Privy Council, appeals to 72, 74–8, 93, 130
Protective Services Coordination Centre 386
Prowse, Russell 177–8
public broadcasting 55
public opinion polls 266–7, 269, 289–90, 365
Public Service Act 229
Public Service Board 82
public service (Commonwealth)
annual leave 63
employment conditions for women 81
flexible working hours 82
new departments 34–6
retention of permanent departmental secretaries 7–8, 34, 36–9, 100
Queensland, gerrymander 192
Queensland Alumina 200
‘Queenslandism’ 139
racial discrimination 184
racism 71
Reagan administration 438
Reagan, Ronald (US President) 429
referenda
on Australia as a republic 467–8
on casual Senate vacancies 391
held simultaneously with 1974 election 153
on prices and incomes 110–11
Reid, Elizabeth 80–2, 131, 168, 357
republican movement 467
resources see minerals and resources policy
responsible government 242, 273, 275, 285, 316, 343, 347, 362
Returned Services League (RSL) 177
Rex Connor memorial lecture 201
Reynolds Metals 128
Rhodesia, sanctions against 20
Rhodesia Information Centre 23, 28
Rice, Walter 48
Riordan, Joel 256
Robertson, WT ‘Bill’ 189, 282–3, 386
Robson, Anne (‘Nancy’) 221
Robson, Hugh (Justice) 221
Roosevelt, Eleanor 18
Royal Commission on Intelligence and Security 162
Royal Commission into Land Rights in the Northern Territory 185
Royal Style and Titles Act 1973 (Cwlth) 106
royal visits
Prince Charles (1974) 311–12
Princess Margaret 283–4
Queen Elizabeth (1973) 108–9
Queen Elizabeth (1974) 130
Queen Elizabeth’s Silver Jubilee (1977) 392
Rudd, Kevin 476
Rudd Labor government 477
rural sector, antagonism towards Whitlam government 106, 127, 128
St Andrew’s Day Dinner (1976) 389–90
Samuel, Peter 161
Sayle, Murray 76
Scarf Foundation 363
Scarf, Reuben F. 363
Scates, Bob 22
Scholes, Gordon 338, 343, 346, 353–4
Seas and Submerged Lands Act 1973 (Cwlth) 130, 208
security
counter-terrorism organisation 386
royal commission 386
security clearances for personal advisers 48–9, 69
security community, concerns over Whitlam government 69–70
security services, inquiry into 162
Seidler, Harry 397, 423, 435–6
Senate
appointments to casual vacancies 141–2, 213–14, 247–8, 391
blocking of Supply Bills 118–19, 136, 143, 144, 147, 181, 239, 267
control by Opposition 27–8, 61, 70, 88, 157
granting of Supply following dismissal of Whitlam 344–6
legal opinions on powers over Budget Bills 284–5
motion to refuse to vote on Appropriation Bills 246–7
obstruction by Opposition 61, 70, 118–19, 125, 139, 145, 146, 157–8, 159, 170, 178–9
referenda on filling of casual vacancies 391
relationship with House of Representatives 250–1
replacement of Labor Senators with non-Labor Senators 213–14, 247–8
Senate (Representation of Territories) Act 1973 (Cwlth) 208, 217, 257–8, 259, 260, 313
Shackleton, Greg 281–2
Shand, Alec 300–1
Sharp, Ian 34
A Short History of Australia (Clark) 404
Shultz, George 438
Sinclair, Ian 349
Slatyer, Ralph 438
Slim, John 411
Smith, Claire 418–19
Smith, Sir David 264, 277, 292, 305, 315, 332, 334, 335, 336, 346, 347–8, 377, 378, 406
Snedden, Billy Mackie 252, 390
background 117–18
election as leader of Liberal Party 49
lack of support 117–18, 216, 221
loss of leadership 216
as Opposition leader 58, 89, 159, 214, 216
parliamentary performance 89, 118, 126, 141, 145, 148, 214
political strategy 119, 144, 145, 149, 154, 157–9, 213–14, 272
relationship with Kerr 133, 134, 410
Solomon, David 368
Somare, Michael 56, 57, 311, 470
Souter, Gavin 119
Souter, Harold 131
South Australia, land commission 29
South Pacific Forum 78
sporting teams, exclusion of racially-selected 23
Stallings, Richard 293, 294, 322
Stanford Research Institute 100
state governments, relationships with Whitlam government 28–9, 94–5
state land commissions 29
Stephen, Sir Ninian 422
Stephens, Chris (Major) 333, 334
Stewart, Bishop 84–5
Stone, John 104, 147, 164, 166, 204, 205, 207, 287
Stretton, Alan 194
Stuart, Barbara 452
Summerhayes, Carol 4
superphosphate bounty 106, 127
supporting mother’s benefit 82
Sydney, second airport for 105
Sydney Opera House 109
Tange, Sir Arthur 35, 37, 39, 47–8, 49, 58, 129, 294
Tasman Bridge disaster 194–5
Thatcher, Margaret 429, 441, 447
Thiess, Sir Leslie 194
Toeplitz, Jerzy 55
Tonkin Labor government (WA) 128
Torres Straits 29
Townley, Michael 154
trade
with EEC 193
with Japan 71
trade liberalisation 103
Trade Practices Act 1974 (Cwlth) 182, 184, 212
Truth of the Matter (Whitlam) 414–17, 420, 448
Tun Abdul Razak 276–7
Turnbull, Reg 70
UDT (Timorese Democratic Union) 381
unemployment
strategy on 163, 164, 165, 166
UNESCO Conventions
Convention against Discrimination in Education 427
Convention on the Illicit Transfer of Ownership of Cultural Property 427, 428, 436
Universal Copyright Convention 427
World Heritage Convention 428, 431–2, 441
UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)
achievements 441
Australia’s connection with 426
concerns over media control and ownership in developing countries 432, 440
formation of 426–7
Kerr’s appointment as ambassador to 396–9
loss of Western influence and control 430–1
principle of one nation, one vote 430–1
ratification of conventions by Australia 427–8
role and functions 427
threats to 429–30, 432, 432–3, 436, 437–8, 439, 441–3
Whitlam’s appointment as ambassador to 424–5
Whitlam’s input into reform process 458–9
withdrawal of Britain 447, 459
United Nations
sanctions against Southern Rhodesia 20
self-determination and independence for colonial nations 20–1
threats to system by US and Britain 429–30, 432–3, 439
Whitlam’s address to General Assembly 188–90
United Nations agreements, conventions and treaties
Agreement on the Importation of Educational, Scientific and Cultural Materials 425–6
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination 60, 160
Convention on the Political Rights of Women 80
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 24
Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 24
Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues 426
Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons 89
Universal Declaration of Human Rights 80
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 219
United States
attitude towards UNESCO and United Nations system 429–30, 432, 436, 437–8, 441–3
Christmas 1972 bombing of Hanoi 46–7, 91, 92
relationship with Australia 3, 42, 47–8, 91–2, 162, 293, 294, 383, 392
response to Cairns as deputy PM 162
support for Indonesian takeover of Portuguese Timor 382–3, 384–5
US military bases in Australia 293, 295, 322
withdrawal from UNESCO 438–9
universal health insurance scheme see Medibank
University of Western Sydney 457
Uren, Tom 8, 30, 35, 44, 47, 161, 165, 167, 255, 423
Utah Development Corporation 113–14, 200
Vestey, Lord 185–6
Vietnam War
Australian involvement 25
casualties 25
opposition to 123
US Christmas 1972 bombing of Hanoi 46–7, 91, 92
voting age, lowering of 36, 63, 84
Waller, Sir Keith 7, 8, 39, 40, 41, 42, 47, 48, 128
Walsh, Eric 43, 48, 79, 148, 187, 188
Walsh, Max 5
Warner, Sir Arthur 134
Wellington, Duke of 13
Wentworth, Bill 211
Werriwa electorate 53–4, 93, 154, 367, 450, 470, 471, 473
Western Australia, plan to oust Premier Tonkin 95
Western Mining Corporation 200
Wheare, Kenneth 131
Wheeldon, John 163, 256, 266, 287, 371
Wheeler, Sir Frederick 7, 8, 35, 36, 37, 39, 50, 57, 104, 129, 163, 200, 203, 204, 207, 208, 222, 228–30, 378, 409
White Australia policy 51–2, 71, 160, 477
White, David 10
white, Patrick 119
Whitlam, Antony (son) 58, 77, 368, 391, 394, 395
Whitlam, Catherine (daughter) 58, 77, 193, 285–6, 367, 395–6, 466
Whitlam, Freda (sister) 58, 394–5, 402, 420, 435
Whitlam, (Edward) Gough: personal life
audience with the Pope 79
Australian of the Year 53
Companion of the Order of Australia 405–6
defamation case against News Ltd 356, 371, 374–5
dependence on wife (Margaret) 461, 467, 477
dinner at Windsor Castle 77
health and stamina 50–1, 96, 108, 457
impact on family of his dismissal 394–6
joint life membership of ALP with wife Margaret 476
move to the Lodge 18
as ‘National Living Treasure’ 461
physical decline 476
publication of his version of the dismissal 414–17
relationship with Bob Hawke 450, 452, 454–6
seventieth birthday 452
study tours to Europe co-lead with Margaret 462–3, 467
study tours to South America co-lead with Margaret 464–6
31st wedding anniversary 77
time spent with family 51, 53–4
view of Kerr following the dismissal 406, 412, 413, 415–16
Whitlam, (Edward) Gough: public life - political career
address to National Press Club on day before dismissal 321–2
address to UN General Assembly 188–90
addresses to ALP national conferences 68, 89–91, 196–8
administrative regionalism 35, 88
‘Apologia pro Via Sua’ 89, 124
belief in possibility of parliamentary reform 366–7
campaigning in Queensland 191–2
as chair of Caucus 46
constitutionalism 172
Curtin Memorial Lectures 288
damage to his reputation 355–8
democratic socialism 201
economic competence 42–3, 100–1, 165, 166
on Ellicott ‘thesis’ 264
end of parliamentary career 363, 370–2, 400–1
federal election loss 1975 367–8
federal election loss 1977 393
federal election win 1972 1–2
federal election win 1974 156–7
federalism 87–8
financial centralism 87–8
foreign affairs portfolio 31, 40–3, 46–8, 90–3, 107–8, 120–3
‘Grievance Day’ speech 390–1
on his dismissal 348–9, 350–1, 376
idealism 473–4
influences on 9
invoking of Menzies’ words against Opposition actions 98, 174, 242, 270
on Labor backbench 396
leadership style 7–8, 15, 237, 370
letter to Queen’s private secretary regarding dismissal 376
management of ministers and Cabinet 107, 108, 165, 166–7, 169, 199
as member for Werriwa 53–5, 93, 154, 400, 450, 470, 471, 473
method for introducing reforms 87
‘new nationalism’ 41
as Opposition leader 369–70
‘out of touch’ with electorate 105, 106
overseas trips 192–3, 193–4, 388–9, 399–400
on parliamentary government 96–7, 99–100
parliamentary performance 117–18, 214, 215, 216, 218, 245–6, 288, 387
personal reflection on 473–4
place in the Labor Party 27
political agenda 25
as Prime Minister-elect 2–10
relationship with Mark Latham 448–50, 471
relationship with Paul Hasluck 95–6, 107
relationship with Rupert Murdoch 42–3, 77, 187–8
resignation as leader of Labor Party 393
Rex Connor Memorial Lecture 201–2
on role of media 369
unilateral decisionmaking 7–8, 237, 370
view of Kerr 264–5, 277, 279, 285–6, 291, 297, 298, 301, 302, 310, 327, 330, 406, 412, 413, 415–16, 468
view of public service 8, 12, 37, 39–40, 79, 129
view of Upper House 139–40
visits to China 120–2, 388–9, 471–2
see also Whitlam Labor government
Whitlam, (Edward) Gough: public life - Australian ambassador and permanent delegate to UNESCO accusations of anti-Americanism 439, 440
achievements 452
address to United Nations Association of Great Britain and Northern Ireland 443–7
appointment 424
brief 428–9
first session as permanent delegate to general conference 436–8
French language immersion program 433–4
on ignorance of Australian press about UNESCO 439, 440
opposition to US and British withdrawal 441–8
proposal for reforms within UNESCO 447
public interventions in support of UNESCO 439–41, 442–8
suitability for position 425–6
World Heritage Committee meetings 438, 454
Whitlam, (Edward) Gough: public life - academic career
on development of a Pacific community 417–20
as first National Fellow at ANU 418–21
as Honorary Fellow of University House at ANU 418
on Italian influence in English literature 418
ongoing political concerns 419–20
as Professor of Australian studies at Harvard 417–18
as Visiting Centenary Professor at University of Adelaide Law School 421
as Visiting Fellow at ANU 400, 402–5
Whitlam, (Edward) Gough: public life - in later years
appointment to UN Independent Commission on International Humanitarian Issues 426
assistance in Australian bid for 2000 Olympics 463–4
in campaign for Australian republic 467–8
chair of Australia–China Council 453, 457
chair of Council of National Gallery of Australia 453–4
common positions with Fraser on public policy matters 469
Fellow of University of Sydney Senate 453, 457
member of Constitutional Commission 453, 456
member of Executive Board of UNESCO 451–2, 454, 457–9
member of UNESCO General Assembly of the States Parties to the World Heritage Convention 454
vice-presidency of UNESCO’s World Heritage Committee 454, 457
The Whitlam Government 1972–1975 (Whitlam) 448–51, 470
Whitlam, Harry Frederick Ernest
‘Fred’ (father) 79
on public service 8
Whitlam Labor government
28th Parliament - first session 58–61
abolition of British honours 17–18, 29
achievements 59–60, 89, 93, 116, 124–6, 352, 388
archival records released 474–5
backlog of rejected or amended legislation 109–10
Budget blowout in 1974 168
Cabinet rejection of revised economic strategy 166–7
Cabinet structure and operation 37–8, 44–6, 102, 107, 108, 163
calling of double dissolution election 1974 148–50
censure motion against Fraser 341
claims of criminality against 98–9
control of Cabinet 107, 108, 165, 199
denial of its legitimacy 94–5, 97–100, 159, 319
dismissal 333–4, 346–7, 353–5, 414–17
dissolution of parliament 346–8
duumvirate 13–17, 18–19, 22–3, 24–6, 27, 43–4
first Budget 101–2
first full ministry 29–31, 32–3
first hundred days 64
‘Gair affair’ 138–43
guiding themes 125
institutional and political resistance to 27–8
internal divisions 192
joint sitting of Parliament 173–5, 178–80
legacy 478–9
legislative reform program 19, 33, 43, 59–61, 87, 88, 90, 101, 106, 478–9
legislative successes 59–60, 89, 93, 116, 124, 159
‘Loans affair’ 202–8, 222, 225–8, 231–5, 245, 254–5, 273, 299–301, 337
mandate 2, 3, 26, 33, 60, 61–2, 90, 106, 155, 156, 158
ministerial reshuffles 107, 223–4
motion of confidence in Whitlam as PM 342–3, 346
motion of no-confidence in Fraser as PM 342–3
offer of compromise on half-Senate election 325–7, 328–9, 337
pace and content of change 23–5, 43–4, 79, 84
personal advisers 12, 39–40, 48–9
plans for alternative financial arrangements 285, 286–8, 292, 297–8
plans for half-Senate election 244, 259–61, 270–1, 273, 296–7, 313–15, 325–6, 330–1
‘political’ appointments 128–30, 212
relations with public service hierarchy 7–8, 12, 37, 39–40, 48–9, 128–9
relations with Treasury 12, 37, 129–30, 167–8, 199–200, 202, 207–8, 228–30, 286–7
staff of PM’s private office 10–11, 40
strategic response to blocking of Supply 242–4, 253–4, 256, 265–6, 285–8
support for 190, 268, 289–90, 296, 315
transition to government 4–17
see also policy areas, e.g. foreign affairs
Whitlam, Margaret (nee Dovey; wife) on 1972 Labor election victory 1–2, 3
at first session of 28th Parliament 58
award of Officer in the Order of Australia 424–5
column in Woman’s Day 18
concerns over husband Gough’s hectic schedule 96
contribution to sense of change 23–4
contributions to public life 424–5, 453, 460
death and funeral service 477–8
first trip to Britain as wife of PM 77
friendship with Peggy Kerr 135–6
leading of study tours to Europe and South America 460–7
lunch with the Queen at the Lodge 108–9
media attention 199
as ‘National Living Treasure’ 461
parody by Gordon Chater 51
on position of women in society 52–3
relationship with husband Gough 23, 53, 387, 461, 462–3, 464
response to dismissal of government 338
support for her husband Gough 387
on rumours about her marriage 357–8
view of John Kerr 406
view of Malcolm Fraser 468
view of Mark Latham 450
Whitlam, Martha ‘Mattie’ (nee Maddocks; mother) 8
Whitlam, Nicholas (son) 51, 53, 77, 367, 417, 472
Whitlam, Stephen (son) 77, 367, 466
Wilenski, Peter 4, 7, 10, 34, 40, 457
Willesee, Don 13, 14–15, 16, 30, 92, 108, 122, 140, 163, 282, 383
Williams, Evan 10
Williams, Kim 466
Wilson, Sir Roland 207
Winneke, Sir Henry 278, 295, 389
Withers, Reg ‘Toe-cutter’ 61–2, 63, 97, 119, 147, 148, 158, 175–6, 216, 220, 252, 336, 344, 345, 349
women
equal pay campaign 19–20, 80, 198
and inequality of opportunity and status 83
women’s affairs
appointment of special adviser to PM 80–3
supporting mother’s benefit 82
women’s impact statements 82
Women’s Electoral Lobby (WEL) campaign for numerous reforms 80
equal pay campaign 20
royal commission into status of women 53
women’s rights, support for 80–1
women’s services 82–3
Woodward, AE (Justice) 185
Woodward Report 185
Woodward Royal Commission (Aboriginal Land Rights) 387
Woolcott, Richard 121, 129, 379–80, 381, 384
World Health Organisation 429
World Heritage Committee 438, 454
World Heritage Convention 428, 431, 431–2, 441
World Heritage Properties Conservation Act (Cwlth) 428
Wriedt, Ken 30, 31, 107, 163, 254, 256, 266, 267, 287, 344, 345
Yeend, Sir Geoffrey 310
Young, Sir John 389
Yugoslav community, Croatian violence against 66–7, 68–9
Zhou Enlai 121
Zimbabwe see Rhodesia