Arabic names have been transliterated in a manner that is standard for Western readers. I have used “Osama bin Laden” and “al-Qaeda” rather than “Usama bin Ladin” and “al-Qa’ida.” I have also used the spelling “Binladin” when referring to the family business, as this is how it generally appears in English. In the case of Arabic names that appear in documents written in English, I have retained the original spelling that was used in the document.