References

Key works by Beat writers

Amiri Baraka (as LeRoi Jones), Blues People: Negro Music in White America (New York: Harper Perennial, 1999).

———. Dutchman and The Slave: Two Plays (New York: Harper Perennial, 2001).

William S. Burroughs, The Adding Machine: Selected Essays (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1993).

———. Cities of the Red Night (New York: Viking Press, 1981).

———. Exterminator! (New York: Penguin Books, 1979).

———. Interzone, ed. James Grauerholz (New York: Penguin Books, 1990).

———. Junkie (New York: Penguin Books, 1977).

———. Naked Lunch (New York: Grove Press, 1959).

———. Nova Express (New York: Grove Press, 1964).

———. The Place of Dead Roads (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1983).

———. The Soft Machine (1961; New York: Grove Press, 1966).

———. The Ticket That Exploded (New York: Grove Press, 1967).

———. Queer (New York: Penguin Books, 1987).

———. The Western Lands (New York: Penguin Books, 1988).

William S. Burroughs and Allen Ginsberg, The Yagé Letters (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1963).

Carolyn Cassady, Off the Road: Twenty Years with Cassady, Kerouac, and Ginsberg (Woodstock, NY: Overlook Press, 2008).

Neil Cassady, The First Third (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2001).

Gregory Corso, Bomb (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1958).

———. Gasoline (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2001).

———. Mindfield (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1989).

Diane di Prima, Loba (New York: Penguin Books, 1998).

———. Memoirs of a Beatnik (San Francisco: Last Gasp, 1988).

———. Recollections of My Life as a Woman: The New York Years (New York: Viking, 2001).

———. Revolutionary Letters (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1971).

Lawrence Ferlinghetti, A Coney Island of the Mind (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1958).

———. Pictures of the Gone World (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1995).

Allen Ginsberg, Collected Poems 1947–1997 (New York: HarperCollins, 2006).

———. Deliberate Prose: Selected Essays 1952–1995, ed. Bill Morgan (New York: HarperCollins, 2000).

———. The Fall of America: Poems of these States 1965–71 (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1958).

———. Howl and Other Poems (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1956).

———. Kaddish and Other Poems 1958–1960 (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1961).

John Clellan Holmes, Go (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1988).

———. The Horn (New York: Thunder’s Mouth Press, 1999).

———. Nothing More to Declare (London: Andre Deutsche, 1968).

Bob Kaufman, The Ancient Rain: Poems 1956–1978 (New York: New Directions, 1981).

Jack Kerouac, Big Sur (New York: Penguin Books, 1981).

———. Desolation Angels (New York: Perigee Books, 1980).

———. The Dharma Bums (Harmondsworth: Penguin Books, 1982).

———. Doctor Sax: Faust Part Three (New York: Grove Press, 1959).

———. Maggie Cassidy (New York: Penguin Books, 1993).

———. Mexico City Blues (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990).

———. On the Road (New York: Penguin Books, 1991).

———. Pomes All Sizes (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1992).

———. Satori in Paris and Pic: Two Novels (New York: Grove Press, 1985).

———. The Subterraneans (New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1989).

———. The Town and the City (San Francisco: Harcourt Brace and Company, 1983).

———. Tristessa (New York: Penguin Books, 1992).

———. Vanity of Duluoz: An Adventurous Education, 1935–46 (New York: Penguin Books, 1994).

———. Visions of Cody (New York: Penguin Books, 1993).

———. Visions of Gerard (New York: Penguin Books, 1991).

Ken Kesey, One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest (New York: Viking Press, 1962).

Kenneth Rexroth, The Complete Poems of Kenneth Rexroth (Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press, 2004).

Gary Snyder, Left Out in the Rain: New Poems 1947–1985 (New York: North Point Press, 1986).

———. Myths & Texts (New York: New Directions, 1978).

———. Riprap and Cold Mountain Poems (Berkeley, CA: Counterpoint, 2009).

Anne Waldman, Fast Speaking Woman (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2001).

Philip Whalen, The Collected Poems of Philip Whalen (Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England, 2007).

Chapter 1: Origins and essences

William S. Burroughs, “Twilight’s Last Gleamings,” in Burroughs, Interzone.

William S. Burroughs, “Women: A Biological Mistake?” in Burroughs, The Adding Machine: Selected Essays.

Tom Clark, The Great Naropa Poetry Wars (Santa Barbara, CA: Cadmus Editions, 1981).

Maxwell Geismar, American Moderns: From Rebellion to Conformity (New York: Hill and Wang, 1958).

Allen Ginsberg, “Letter to Ralph Ginzberg,” in Ginsberg, Deliberate Prose.

Allen Ginsberg, “Statement to The Burning Bush.” Burning Bush 2 (September 1964), pp. 39–40.

John Clellon Holmes, “This Is the Beat Generation,” New York Times Magazine, November 16, 1952.

Jack Kerouac, “Essentials of Spontaneous Prose,” in The Portable Beat Reader, ed. Ann Charters (New York: Viking, 1992).

Jack Kerouac, “Morphine,” in Kerouac, Pomes All Sizes.

Jack Kerouac, “The Origins of the Beat Generation,” Playboy, June 1959.

Robert Lindner, Must You Conform? (New York: Grove Press, 1961).

Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw: The Life and Times of William S. Burroughs (New York: Avon Books, 1990).

Gerald Nicosia, Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).

“On the Road Back: How the Beat Generation Got That Way, According to Its Seer,” San Francisco Examiner, October 5, 1958.

David Riesman, with Nathan Glazer and Reuel Denney, The Lonely Crowd: A Study of the Changing American Character (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2001).

Michael Schumacher, Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992).

William H. Whyte Jr., “Groupthink,” Fortune 45, March 1952.

Chapter 2: Beats, beatniks, bohemians, and all that jazz

Ann Charters, “Variations on a Generation,” in Charters, The Portable Beat Reader.

Allen Ginsberg, “A Definition of the Beat Generation,” in Ginsberg, Deliberate Prose.

Allen Ginsberg, “Kerouac,” in Allen Verbatim, ed. Gordon Ball (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974).

Allen Ginsberg, “Negative Capability: Kerouac’s Buddhist Ethic,” Tricycle: The Buddhist Review 2:1 (1992).

Allen Ginsberg, “Prose Contribution to Cuban Revolution,” in Ginsberg, Deliberate Prose.

Jesse Hamlin, “How Herb Caen Named a Generation,” San Francisco Chronicle, November 26, 1995.

Aldous Huxley, The Doors of Perception (New York: Harper Perennial, 2009).

Jack Kerouac, “The Beginning of Bop,” Escapade, April 1959.

Jack Kerouac, Selected Letters: 1940–1956, ed. Ann Charters (New York: Penguin, 1995).

Ted Morgan, Literary Outlaw: The Life and Times of William S. Burroughs (New York: Avon Books, 1990).

Gerald Nicosia, Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).

Oxford English Dictionary (Glasgow: Oxford University Press, 1971).

Arthur Rimbaud, “The Voyant Letter,” trans. Oliver Bernard, in Toward the Open Field: Poets on the Art of Poetry 1800–1950, ed. Melissa Kwasny (Middletown, CT: Wesleyan University Press, 2004).

Gary Snyder, The Real Work (New York: New Directions, 1980).

Gregory Stevenson, The Daybreak Boys: Essays on the Literature of the Beat Generation (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990).

William Makepeace Thackeray, Vanity Fair: A Novel without a Hero (New York: Vintage Classics, 2009).

Chapter 3: The Beat novel: Kerouac and Burroughs

William S. Burroughs, Ali’s Smile: Naked Scientology (Bonn: Expanded Media Editions, 1985.)

William S. Burroughs, “The Cut-Up Method of Brion Gysin,” Re/Search 4:5 (1982).

William S. Burroughs, “Twilight’s Last Gleamings,” in Burroughs, Interzone.

Ann Charters, ed., Jack Kerouac: Selected Letters, vol. 2, 1957–1969 (New York: Penguin, 2000).

Ellen Fried, “VIPs in Uniform: A Look at the Military Files of the Famous and Famous-To-Be,” Prologue 38:1 (Spring 2006).

Allen Ginsberg, “A Conversation,” in Composed on the Tongue: Literary Conversations, 1967–1977 (San Francisco: Grey Fox Press, 1980).

James Grauerholz, “Kammerer, David Eames (1911–1944),” in Beat Culture, Beat Culture: Icons, Lifestyles, and Impact, ed. William T. Lawlor (Santa Barbara: ABC Clio, 2005).

Lawrence Grobel, Conversations with Capote (New York: Da Capo Press, 2000).

John Clellon Holmes, Get Home Free (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1964).

Jack Kerouac and William S. Burroughs, And the Hippos Were Boiled in Their Tanks (New York: Grove Press, 2008).

Jack Kerouac, “Belief & Technique for Modern Prose,” Evergreen Review (1959).

Jack Kerouac, “Essentials of Spontaneous Prose,” in Charters, The Portable Beat Reader.

Gregory McDonald, “Off the Road: The Celtic Twilight of Jack Kerouac,” Boston Sunday Globe, August 11, 1968.

Barry Miles, William Burroughs: El Hombre Invisible, A Portrait (New York: Hyperion, 1993).

Gilbert Millstein, review of On the Road by Jack Kerouac, New York Times, September 5, 1957.

Gerald Nicosia, Memory Babe: A Critical Biography of Jack Kerouac (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994).

Daniel Odier, “Journey through time-space,” in Odier, The Job: Interviews with William S. Burroughs (New York: Penguin Books, 1989).

Michael Schumacher, Dharma Lion: A Critical Biography of Allen Ginsberg (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1992).

Chapter 4: Beat poetry and more: Ginsberg, Corso, and company

Amiri Baraka, Somebody Blew Up America and Other Poems (Philipsburg, St. Martin: House of Nesehi Publishers, 2003).

Gregory Corso, The Vestal Lady on Brattle and Other Poems (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1969).

Diane di Prima, Dinners and Nightmares (San Francisco: Last Gasp, 1998).

Diane di Prima, This Kind of Bird Flies Backward (New York: Totem Press, 1958).

Jack Kerouac, Book of Dreams (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 2001).

Barry Miles, Ginsberg: A Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

Gary Snyder, The Back Country (New York: New Directions, 1971).

Tom Wolfe, The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test (Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1968).

Chapter 5: The Beats and popular culture

Blaine Allan, “The Making (and Unmaking) of Pull My Daisy,” Film History 2 (1988).

Ray Carney, Shadows (London: BFI Publishing, 2008).

Barry Miles, Ginsberg: A Biography (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989).

Chapter 6: The Beat legacy

Donald Allen, ed., The New American Poets: 1945–1960 (New York: Grove Press, 1960).

Ann Charters, ed., The Portable Beat Reader.

Robert Frank, The Americans (New York: Grove Press, 1959).

William Gaddis, JR (New York: Penguin Books, 1985).

William Gaddis, The Recognitions (New York: Penguin Books, 1985).

Allen Ginsberg, Plutonian Ode and Other Poems 1977–1980 (San Francisco: City Lights Books, 1961).

Donald Hall, Robert Pack, and Louis Simpson, eds., New Poets of England and America (New York: Meridian Books, 1965).

Paul O’Neil, “The Only Rebellion Around,” Life, November 30, 1959.

Thomas Pynchon, Gravity’s Rainbow (New York: Viking Press, 1973).

Thomas Pynchon, Slow Learner: Early Stories (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1984).

Thomas Pynchon, V. (New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1961).

Lee Siegel, “The Beat Generation and the Tea Party,” New York Times, October 8, 2010.