FIRST AID FOR SOLDIERS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTAL CRITERIA FOR FIRST AID

Section I. Evaluate Casualty

1-1. Casualty Evaluation (081-831-1000)

1-2. Medical Assistance (081-831-1000)

Section II. Understand Vital Body Functions

1-3. Respiration and Blood Circulation

1-4. Adverse Conditions

CHAPTER 2 BASIC MEASURES FOR FIRST AID

Section I. Open the Airway and Restore Breathing

2-1. Breathing Process

2-2. Assessment (Evaluation) Phase (081-831-1000 and 081-831-1042)

2-3. Opening the Airway—Unconscious and not Breathing Casualty (081-831-1042)

2-4. Rescue Breathing (Artificial Respiration)

2-5. Preliminary Steps — All Rescue Breathing Methods (081-831-1042)

2-6. Mouth-to-Mouth Method (081-831-1042)

2-7. Mouth-to-Nose Method

2-8. Heartbeat

2-12. Airway Obstructions

2-13. Opening the Obstructed Airway—Conscious Casualty (081-831-1003)

2-14. Open an Obstructed Airway (081-831-1042)—Casualty Lying or Unconscious

Section II. Stop the Bleeding and Protect the Wound

2-15. Clothing (081-831-1016)

2-16. Entrance and Exit Wounds

2-17. Field Dressing (081-831-1016)

2-18. Manual Pressure (081-831-1016)

2-19. Pressure Dressing (081-831-1016)

2-20. Tourniquet (081-831-1017)

Section III. Check and Treat for Shock

2-21. Causes and Effects

2-22. Signs/Symptoms (081-831-1000)

2-23. Treatment/Prevention (081-831-1005)

CHAPTER 3 FIRST AID FOR SPECIAL WOUNDS

Section I. Give Proper First Aid for Head Injuries

3-1. Head Injuries

3-2. Signs/Symptoms (081-831-1000)

3-3. General First Aid Measures (081-831-1000).

3-4. Dressings and Bandages

Section II. Give Proper First Aid for Face and Neck Injuries

3-5. Face Injuries

3-6. Neck Injuries

3-7. Procedure

3-8. Dressings and Bandages (081-831-1033)

Section III. Give Proper First Aid for Chest and Abdominal Wounds and Burn Injuries

3-9. Chest Wounds (081-831-1026)

3-10. Chest Wound(s) Procedure (081-831-1026)....

3-11. Abdominal Wounds

3-12. Abdominal Wound(s) Procedure (081-831-1025)

3-13. Burn Injuries

3-14. First Aid for Burns (081-831-1007)

Section IV. Apply Proper Bandages to Upper and Lower Extremities

3-15. Shoulder Bandage

3-16. Elbow Bandage

3-17. Hand Bandage

3-18. Leg (Upper and Lower) Bandage

3-19. Knee Bandage

3-20. Foot Bandage

CHAPTER 4 FIRST AID FOR FRACTURES

4-1. Kinds of Fractures

4-2. Signs/Symptoms of Fractures (081-831-1000)

4-3. Purposes of Immobilizing Fractures

4-4. Splints, Padding, Bandages, Slings, and Swathes (081-831-1034)

4-5. Procedures for Splinting Suspected Fractures (081-831-1034)

4-6. Upper Extremity Fractures (081-831-1034)

4-7. Lower Extremity Fractures (081-831-1034)

4-8. Jaw, Collarbone, and Shoulder Fractures

4-9. Spinal Column Fractures (081-831-1000)

4-10. Neck Fractures (081-831-1000)

CHAPTER 5 FIRST AID FOR CLIMATIC INJURIES

5-1. Heat Injuries

5-2. Cold Injuries

CHAPTER 6 FIRST AID FOR BITES AND STINGS

6-1. Types of Snakes

6-2. Snakebites

6-3. Human and Other Animal Bites

6-4. Marine (Sea) Animals

6-5. Insect Bites/Stings

6-6. Table

CHAPTER 7 FIRST AID IN TOXIC ENVIRONMENTS

Section I. Individual Protection and First Aid Equipment For Toxic Substances

7-1. Toxic Substances

7-2. Protective and First Aid Equipment

Section II. Chemical-Biological Agents

7-3. Classification

7-4. Conditions for Masking Without Order or Alarm

7-5. First Aid for a Chemical Attack (081-831-1030 and 081-831-1031)

Section III. Nerve Agents

7-6. Background Information

7-7. Signs/Symptoms of Nerve Agent Poisoning (081-831-1030 and 081-831-1031)

7-8. First Aid for Nerve Agent Poisoning (081-831-1030)

Section IV. Other Agent

7-9. Blister Agents

7-10. Choking Agents (Lung-Damaging Agents)

7-11. Blood Agents

7-12. Incapacitating Agents

7-13. Incendiaries

7-14. First Aid for Biological Agents

7-15. Toxins

7-16. Radiological

CHAPTER 8 FIRST AID FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL REACTIONS

8-1. Explanation of Term “Psychological First Aid”

8-2. Importance of Psychological First Aid

8-3. Situations Requiring Psychological First Aid

8-4. Interrelation of Psychological and Physical First Aid

8-5. Goals of Psychological First Aid

8-6. Respect for Others’ Feelings

8-7. Emotional and Physical Disability

8-8. Emotional Reaction to Injury

8-9. Emotional Reserve Strength of Distressed Soldiers

8-10. Battle Fatigue (and Other Combat Stress Reactions [CSR])

8-11. Reactions to Stress

8-12. Severe Stress or Battle Fatigue Reactions

8-13. Application of Psychological First Aid

8-14. Reactions and Limitations

8-15. Tables

Appendix A FIRST AID CASE AND KITS, DRESSINGS, AND BANDAGES

A-1. First Aid Case with Field Dressings and Bandages

A-2. General Purpose First Aid Kits

A-3. Contents of First Aid Case and Kits

A-4. Dressings

A-5. Standard Bandages

A-6. Triangular and Cravat (Swathe) Bandages

Appendix B RESCUE AND TRANSPORTATION PROCEDURES

B-1. General

B-2. Principles of Rescue Operations

B-3. Task (Rescue) Identification

B-4. Circumstances of the Rescue

B-5. Plan of Action

B-6. Mass Casualties

B-7. Proper Handling of Casualties

B-8. Transportation of Casualties Page

B-9. Manual Carries (081-831-1040 and 081-831-1041)

B-10. Improvised Litters (Figures B-15 through B-17) (081-831-1041)

Appendix C COMMON PROBLEMS/CONDITIONS

Section I. HEALTH MAINTENANCE

C-1. General

C-2. Personal Hygiene

C-3. Diarrhea and Dysentery

C-4. Dental Hygiene

C-5. Drug (Substance) Abuse

C-6. Sexually Transmitted Diseases

Section II. First Aid For Common Problems

C-7. Heat Rash (or Prickly Heat)

C-8. Contact Poisoning (Skin Rashes)

C-9. Care of the Feet

C-10. Blisters

Appendix E DIGITAL PRESSURE

Appendix F DECONTAMINATION PROCEDURES

F-1. Protective Measures and Handling of Casualties

F-2. Personal Decontamination

F-3. Casualty Decontamination

Appendix G SKILL LEVEL 1 TASKS

Glossary

References

Index