Anielewicz, Mordecai, 64, 67–68, 70–72
death of, 71–72
anti-Semitism, 6, 28
Aryan, 5, 30–31, 51, 56, 65–66, 69, 71, 79–80
Babi Yar, 41–42, 54
Bedzin ghetto, 28
Bialystok ghetto, 9, 25, 27, 40, 76–77
Bismarck, Prince Otto von, 6
black market, 52. See also smuggling.
Buczacz ghetto, 54, 58–59
Budapest ghetto, 11
collaborators, 43, 63, 65, 67
collective responsibility, 20–21, 63, 75, 77
Czerniakow, Adam, 22–24, 29, 34, 43, 45–46, 52
death of, 45–46
Einsatzgruppen (death squads), 41–43
fascism, 32
food rationing, 18, 25–27, 29–30, 35, 51
forced labor, 23–24, 27, 35, 53, 63. See also slave labor, work.
genocide, 8, 18
Gens, Jacob, 25, 48–50, 74–76
Gestapo, 11, 14–15, 47, 52–53, 59, 62, 73–76, 78
ghetto police, 23, 26–27. See also Jewish police.
ghettos
established, 8
listed, 9
restrictive rules in, 32–33
Hebrew language, 12
Heydrich, Reinhard, 10–11, 41
hideouts, 53–55, 59, 79–80
hiding, 53–54, 56–57, 63, 70, 75, 77
Himmler, Heinrich, 73
Hitler, Adolf, 5–7, 10–12, 31, 42, 44, 70
January uprising, 67–69
Jewish councils, 10, 14, 20, 29, 34, 51, 77. SeeJudenrat.
Jewish Fighting Organization, 64, 68. See also ZOB.
Jewish police, 18, 26–27, 30, 35, 46–48, 50, 51, 53–54, 65, 74
and forced labor, 24
in Warsaw, 27, 65
Jews
and survival, 20–22
as “infectious,” 15, 31
as race, 6–7
isolation of, 12
Judenrat, 10, 14, 18–19, 22–24, 29, 52, 62, 65, 67–68, 75–77
Jurman, Alicia, 55, 58, 60, 80
in hiding, 54–55, 59
Kaplan, Chaim, 16, 53
on Jewish Police, 26
on Jewish schools, 34
on smuggling, 53
on Warsaw Judenrat, 24
Kovner, Abba, 42, 75–76, 80
Kovno ghetto, 9, 12, 30, 32, 35, 38–39, 42, 56, 73, 80
and Ninth Fort, 42
Lodz chronicle, 30, 35, 37
Lodz ghetto, 9, 13, 14–15, 29, 45, 78–79
and Rumkowski, 24–25, 48–49
Lublin ghetto, 29, 33
Meed, Benjamin, 80
Meed, Vladka, 66, 68–69, 71
Mila Street bunker, 70–72
Ninth Fort, 41–42
Oneg Shabbat Archives, 17, 79
Oneg Shabbat Circle, 17
Operation Barbarossa, 40, 69
Otwock ghetto, 26, 46–47
Peltel, Feigele. SeeMeed, Vladka.
Perechodnik, Calel, 21, 56–57
and Otwock deportation, 46–48
becomes policeman, 26
death of, 80
quoted, 28
Piotrkow, 13–14, 20
Poland, invasion of, 10
Polish underground, 69
Ponar, 41–42
Pope John Paul II, 58. See also Wojtyla, Father Karol.
propaganda, 13, 15, 31
Purim in Kovno ghetto, 37–39
resettlement, 21, 41–42, 44, 50, 53, 55, 70
Ringelblum, Emmanuel, 17, 33, 52, 80–81
death of, 79
on ghetto hideouts, 55
on ghetto police, 27, 54
on resistance, 63
Rumkowski, Chaim, 24–25, 35–36, 43, 78
death of, 79
deports children, 48–49
marries Regina Weinberger, 37
schools, Jewish 19, 33–34
SD (Sicherheitsdienst), 11
slave labor. See also forced labor, work.
smuggling, 27, 51–53, 69, 77
Soviet Union, German invasion of, 40
SS (Schutzstaffel), 11, 45–47, 56, 61, 70
Stalingrad, battle of, 69
Stroop, General Jurgen, 70, 72
Tarnopol ghetto, 19, 44
Third Reich, 6
Thirteen, the, 52–53
Tory, Avraham, 38, 56, 73–74, 80
on Ponar, 43
Treblinka (death camp), 47–48, 66–67, 77
tuberculosis, 30–31
typhus, 30–31, 80
Vilna ghetto, 9, 19, 25, 33, 36, 40–42, 48, 50, 74, 76, 80
Warsaw ghetto, 9, 12, 16–17, 18, 20, 26, 29, 36, 43, 45, 72, 79–80
and collective responsibility, 20
and January uprising, 67–69
deportations from, 45–46, 63, 64–65
education in, 34
food rations in, 29
Jewish police in, 26–27
Judenrat in, 22–24
resistance in, 53, 55, 62, 64
smuggling in, 51–52
uprising in (April 1943), 70–71
typhus epidemic in, 31
Wojtyla, Father Karol (Pope John Paul II), 57
work, 21–27, 28, 30, 35, 43, 46–47, 49, 66, 68, 72, 75, 76–78. See also forced labor, slave labor.
Yiddish language, 12, 26, 56
ZOB, 64–65, 67–71
Zuckerman, Itzak, 64, 72, 80