BIBLIOGRAPHY

Primary Sources

Manuscripts

Alabama

Alabama Department of Archives and History, Montgomery

Alabama Gubernatorial History Record, 1843–1853

William R. King Papers

California

Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley

William Gwin Papers

California Historical Society, San Francisco

William Gwin Papers

Huntington Library, San Marino

Levin Papers

Spence-Lowell Collection

Connecticut

Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven

Western Americana Manuscripts–Foote Letter

Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford

Thomas Beldon Butler Letter

Truman Smith Letters

Connecticut State Library, Hartford

Truman Smith Letters

Manuscripts and Archives Library, Yale University, New Haven

Baldwin Family Papers

Fowler Family Papers

Florida

P. K. Yonge Library of Florida History, University of Florida, Gainesville

David Levy Yulee Papers (Microfilm)

Georgia

Atlanta History Center

Hugh Haralson Papers

Emory University, Atlanta

Jefferson Davis Papers

Alexander Stephens Papers

Georgia Historical Society, Savannah

John Berrien Papers

Georgia State Archives, Atlanta

Georgia Archives Public Reference Files—Robert Toombs

Governor George Towns Executive Department Subject Files

Hargrett Library for Rare Books and Manuscripts, University of Georgia, Athens

Howell Cobb Family Papers

Cobb-Lamer-Erwin Collection

Robert Toombs Letters

Illinois

Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, Ill.

Edward Baker Papers

William H. Bissell Papers

Stephen A. Douglas Papers

John Mclernand Papers

William A. Richardson Papers

Chicago Historical Society

Henry Asbury Papers

David Davis Papers

James Doty Papers

Newberry Library, Chicago

Daniel S. Dickinson Papers

University of Chicago

Stephen A. Douglas Papers

Indiana

Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis

William H. English Papers

Henry Smith Lane Papers

James Whitcomb Papers

Indiana State Library, Indianapolis

Jesse Bright Letters

George Julian Letters

Kentucky

Filson Historical Society, Louisville

Beatty Family Papers

Humphrey Marshall Papers

Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort

Orlando Brown Papers

Thomas D. Clark Collection

University of Kentucky, Lexington

Boyd Family Papers (Microfilm)

Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green

Joseph Rogers Underwood Family Papers

Louisiana

Louisiana State University–Special Collections, Baton Rouge

Charles E. A. Gayarre Papers

Tulane University, New Orleans

Colcock Family Papers

Maine

Bowdoin College Library, Brunswick

James Bradbury Papers

Maryland

Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore

John Pendelton Kennedy Papers (Microfilm)

Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

James Pearce Papers

Massachusetts

American Antiquarian Society, Worcester

Charles Allen Papers

George Briggs Papers

John Davis Papers

Boston Public Library

Anti-Slavery Collection–Samuel May Letters

Horace Mann Letters

Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge

John Palfrey Family Papers

Charles Sumner Papers (Microfilm)

Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston

Appleton Family Papers

Horace Mann Papers (Microfilm)

Theodore Parker Papers (Microfilm)

William Schouler Papers

Robert Winthrop Papers (Microfilm)

Museum of Springfield History, Springfield

Manuscripts Collection—George Ashmun Letters

Phillips Library, Peabody Essex Museum, Salem

James Henry Duncan Papers

Michigan

Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Kingsley Bingham Papers (Microfilm)

Burrows Family Papers

Alpheus Felch Papers

William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor

Lewis Cass Papers

Detroit Public Library

Lewis Cass Papers

Mississippi

Mississippi Department of Archives and History, Jackson

A. G. Brown Papers

McWillie-Compton Papers

Missouri

Missouri Historical Society, St. Louis

Thomas Hart Benton Papers

Willard Clark Hall Papers

New Hampshire

New Hampshire Historical Society, Concord

John P. Hale Papers

Charles Peaslee Papers

Amos Tuck Papers

James Wilson Papers

Rauner Library, Dartmouth College, Hanover

Hale-Chandler Papers

Daniel Webster Letters

Daniel Webster Papers (Microfilm–Dartmouth Edition)

New York

Broome County Historical Society, Binghamton

Daniel S. Dickinson Collection

Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, Buffalo

Millard Fillmore Papers (Microfilm)

Columbia University Archives, New York

Azariah Flagg Papers

Hannibal Hamlin Papers

Cornell University, Ithaca

William Bouck Papers

Hugh White Papers

Manhattanville College, Purchase

Alexander Stephens Papers

New-York Historical Society

Beekman Family Papers

Hannibal Hamlin Letters

John A. King Papers

Preston King Letters

William Marcy Papers

Stebbins Letters

Daniel Ullmann Papers

Robert Walker Letters

Walker-Rockwell Papers

Daniel Webster Letters

St. Lawrence University, Canton

Preston King–Simeon Smith Papers

Saratoga Springs Historical Society, Saratoga Springs

Sackett Family Papers

Syracuse University

Gerrit Smith Papers (Microfilm)

University of Rochester

William Henry Seward Papers (Microfilm)

Thurlow Weed Papers

North Carolina

North Carolina State Archives, Raleigh

Edmund DeBerry Papers

David Reid Papers

Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library, Duke University, Durham

Baron Bulwer Papers

Armistead Burt Correspondence

John C. Calhoun Papers

Samuel Calvin Papers

Campbell Family Papers

John J. Crittenden Papers

Andrew Ewing Papers

Herschell V. Johnson Papers

Willie Mangum Papers

Paulus Powell Papers

Pierre Soulé Papers

Alexander Stephens Papers

Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

John Berrien Papers (Microfilm)

David F. Caldwell Papers

Edmund DeBerry Papers

Franklin Harper Elmore Papers

Gustavus Henry Papers

James McDowell Papers

David Outlaw Papers

Robert Barnwell Rhett Papers

Thompson Family Papers

Benjamin Yancey Papers

Ohio

Cincinnati Historical Society

Oren Follett Papers

Thomas B. Stevenson Papers

Ohio Historical Society, Columbus

Alexander St. Clair Boys Papers, Vertical File Material

Lewis D. Campbell Papers

Lewis D. Campbell Papers, Vertical File Material

Thomas Corwin Papers, Vertical File Material

Philemon Beacher Ewing Papers

Samuel Galloway Papers

Joshua Reed Giddings Papers

John McLean Papers

Samuel Medary Papers

Benjamin Tappan Papers

Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland

Albert G. Riddle Papers

Pennsylvania

Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

James Buchanan Papers (Microfilm)

Salmon Chase Papers (Microfilm)

Roswell L. Colt Papers

George M. Dallas Papers

William Morris Meredith Papers

Pennsylvania State Archives, Harrisburg

Samuel Calvin Papers

University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

H. H. Furness Memorial Library Manuscript Collection

South Carolina

South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia

James L. Orr Papers

Texas

Briscoe Center for American History, University of Texas, Austin

Guy Bryan Papers

Thomas J. Rusk Papers

Vermont

University of Vermont, Burlington

George Marsh Papers

James Meacham Papers

Virginia

Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville

Stuart Baldwin Papers

Papers of the Bocock and of the Bocock, Thornhill Christian, Stephens, Flood,
   Patteson, and Diuguid Families of Buckingham and Appomattox Counties

John Overton Choules Collection

Papers of the Dana Family

Papers of the Gouch Family

Papers of Robert Thurston Hubard

Papers of the Hubard Family

Papers of the Hunter-Garnett Family

Jeremiah Morton Papers

Papers of George Ticknor

Library of Virginia, Richmond

Thomas Bayly Papers

Robert M. T. Hunter Papers

Virginia Historical Society, Richmond

Robert M. T. Hunter Papers

McDowell Family Papers

Paulus Paul Papers

William Ballard Preston Papers

Edmund Ruffin Papers

Seddon Family Papers

Washington, D.C.

Library of Congress

John Bell Papers

John Berrien Papers

Jeremiah S. Black Papers

Blair Family Papers

Henry Clay Papers

Henry Clay Family Papers

John C. Calhoun Collection

John C. Calhoun Papers

Salmon Chase Papers

Salmon Chase Papers (Microfilm)

Salmon Chase Papers (University Publications of America Microfilm)

John M. Clayton Papers

William W. Corcoran Papers

Thomas Corwin Correspondence

John J. Crittenden Papers

Thomas Ewing Family Papers

William Pitt Fessenden Papers

Hamilton Fish Papers

Joshua R. Giddings and George W. Julian Papers

James Hammond Papers

Joseph Holt Papers

James Xavier McLanaham Papers

John McLean Papers

William L. Marcy Papers

Humphrey Marshall Papers

James K. Polk Papers

Riggs Family Papers

William C. Rives Papers

Henry Rowe Schoolcraft Papers

Whitemarsh B. Seabrook Papers

Caleb Smith Papers

Alexander Stephens Papers

Thaddeus Stevens Papers

Zachary Taylor Papers

Martin Van Buren Papers

Benjamin F. Wade Papers

Daniel Webster Papers

Thurlow Weed Papers

Gideon Welles Papers

Published Documents and Directories

“The Action of Congress on the California and Territorial Question.” North American Review 71, no. 1 (July 1850): 221–69.

Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. http://bioguide.congress.gov/biosearch/biosearch.asp.

Calhoun, John C. A Disquisition on Government and Selections from the Discourse. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1953.

Congressional Directory for the First Session of the Thirty-First Congress of the United States of America. Washington, D.C.: Gideon, 1850. http://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?u=l&num=l&seq=10&view=image&size=100&id=njp.32101072368499&ql=congressional+directory.

Congressional Globe. 31st Congress, 1st session. http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwcglink.html#anchor31.

Journal of the Convention of the State of Mississippi, and the Act Calling the Same. Jackson, Miss.: Thomas Palmer, 1851.

Michigan Legislature. Resolutions Relating to the Union. 1850.

Resolutions, Address, and Journal of Proceedings of the Southern Convention Held at Nashville, June 3–12, 1850. Nashville, 1850.

Richardson, James D., ed. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents, 1789–1897. Vol. 5. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1896–1899.

Correspondence, Diaries, and Memoirs

American Historical Association. “Correspondence Addressed to John C. Calhoun, 1837–1849.” In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1929, edited by Cauncy S. Boucher. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1930.

———. “Correspondence of John C. Calhoun.” In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1899, edited by J. Franklin Jameson. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1900.

———. “Correspondence of Robert M. T. Hunter, 1826–76.” In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1916, edited by Charles Henry Ambler. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1918.

———. “The Correspondence of Robert Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, and Howell Cobb.” In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1911, edited by Ulrich B. Phillips. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1913.

———. “Diary and Correspondence of Salmon P. Chase.” In Annual Report of the American Historical Association for the Year 1902, edited by Samuel H. Dodson. Vol. 2. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1903.

Avary, Myrta L., ed. Recollections of Alexander H. Stephens. New York: Doubleday, 1910.

Barnes, Thurlow W. Memoir of Thurlow Weed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1891.

Blesser, Carol, ed. Secret and Sacred: The Diaries of James Hammond. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988.

Brooks, R. P., ed. “Howell Cobb Papers.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 5, no. 3 (September 1921): 35–55.

Carter, George E. “Theodore Parker and John P. Hale.” Dartmouth College Library Bulletin 12, no. 1 (November 1972): 13–33.

Clingman, T. L. Selections from the Writings and Speeches of Hon. Thomas L. Clingman of North Carolina, with Additions and Explanatory Notes. Raleigh, N.C.: John Nichols, 1877.

Coleman, Mrs. Chapman. The Life of John J. Crittenden, with Selections from his Correspondence and Speeches. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1871.

Colton, Calvin, ed. The Works of Henry Clay. Vol. 3. New York: G. P. Putnam’s and Sons, 1904.

Crallé, Richard K., ed. The Works of John C. Calhoun. Columbia, S.C: A. S. Johnston, 1851.

Crist, Lynda Lasswell, Haskell M. Monroe Jr., and James T. McIntosh, eds. The Papers of Jefferson Davis. Vol. 4. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.

Foote, Henry S. A Casket of Reminiscences. Washington, D.C., 1874.

———. War of the Rebellion; or, Scylla and Charybdis. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1866.

French, Francis. Growing up on Capitol Hill: A Young Washingtonian’s Journal. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1998.

Graff, Leroy P., et al., eds. The Papers of Andrew Johnson. Vol. 1. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1967.

Harvey, Peter. Reminiscences and Anecdotes of Daniel Webster. Boston: Little, Brown, 1877.

Hay, Melba Porter, ed. The Papers of Henry Clay: Candidate, Compromiser and Elder Statesman. Vol. 10. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 1991.

Hillard, Henry W. Politics and Pen Pictures at Home and Abroad. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1892.

Johannsen, Robert W., ed. The Letters of Stephen Douglas. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1961.

Julian, George W. Political Recollections, 1840–1872. Chicago: Jansen, McClurg, 1884.

Morrow, Josiah. The Life and Speeches of Thomas Corwin. Cincinnati: W. H. Anderson, 1896.

Nevin, John, et al., eds. The Salmon Chase Papers, Correspondence, 1823–1857. Vol. 2. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1994.

———, eds. The Salmon Chase Papers, Journals, 1829–1872. Vol. 1. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993.

Palmer, Beverly Wilson, ed. The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner. Vol. 1. Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990.

Quife, Milo, ed. The Diary of James K. Polk. Chicago: Longmans, Green, 1939.

Severance, Frank H., ed. Publications of the Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society: The Millard Fillmore Papers. Buffalo: Buffalo and Erie County Historical Society, 1907.

Seward, Frederick. Seward at Washington. New York: Derby and Miller, 1891.

Shanks, Henry Thomas. The Papers of Willie Pearson Mangum. Vol. 5. Raleigh, N.C.: State Department of Archives and History, 1956.

Stephens, Alexander. A Constitutional View of the Late War between the States. 2 vols. Philadelphia: National, 1868–70.

Tyler, Lyon G., ed. The Letters and Times of the Tylers. Vol. 2. Richmond: Whittet and Shepperson, 1885.

Wentworth, John. Congressional Reminiscences. Chicago: Fergus, 1882.

Williams, Amelia W., and Eugene C. Barker, eds. The Writings of Sam Houston, 1813–1863. Vols. 1–8. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1938–43.

Wilson, Clyde, and Shirley Bright Cook, eds. The Papers of John C. Calhoun, 1849–1850, with Supplement. Vol. 27. Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 2003.

Wiltse, Charles M., et al., eds. The Papers of Daniel Webster. Vol. 7. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1986.

Winthrop, Robert C. A Memoir of Robert C. Winthrop. Boston: Little, Brown, 1897.

Speeches and Pamphlets

Allen, Charles. Speech by Charles Allen, at the City Hall, in Worcester, Oct. 5, 1850. Worcester, Mass.: Spy Office, 1850. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Brown, A. G. Speech of A. G. Brown, of Mississippi, Delivered at Elwood Springs, Near Port Gibson, Miss., November 2, 1850. Mississippi Department of Archives and History.

Buel, Alexander W. Speech of the Hon. Alex. W. Buel in Defense of the Constitution and the Union Delivered at a Public Dinner Given to him by his Fellow Citizens, at Detroit, November 19, 1850. Washington, D.C.: Thomas Ritchie, 1851. University of Rochester.

Calhoun, John C. “The Southern Address.” In The Works of John C. Calhoun, edited by Richard K. Crallé, 6:285–313. Columbia, S.C.: A. S. Johnston, 1851.

Campbell, Lewis D. “Union for the Cause of Freedom!”: Letter of the Honorable L. D. Campbell, of Ohio, to the Hon. Daniel R. Tilden, as to the Proper Means of Securing Freedom to the Free Territories. N.p.: Bell and Blanchard, 1850. Western Reserve Historical Society.

Chase, Salmon P. Speech of Senator Chase, Delivered at Toledo, May 30, 1851, before a Mass Convention of the Democracy of North-Western Ohio. N.p.: Ben Franklin Book and Job Office, 1851. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Cheves, Langdon. Speech of Langdon Cheves, of South Carolina, in the Southern Convention, at Nashville, Tenn., November 14, 1850. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Clingman, T. L. “Letter of T. L. Clingman to the Editors of the Republic.” March 22, 1850. University of North Carolina.

Dickinson, Charles. Discourse Delivered on Fast Day March 27, 1850 on the Compromise. 1850. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

Dickinson, D. S. “Popular Sovereignty and State Rights.” United States Magazine and Democratic Review 25 (1849): 3, 112.

Douglas, Stephen A. Speech of Hon. Stephen A. Douglas, on the “Measures of Adjustment,” Delivered in the City Hall, Chicago, October 23, 1850. Washington, D.C.: Gideon, 1851. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Graham, Sylvester. Letter to the Hon. Daniel Webster, on the Compromise of the Constitution. Northampton, Mass.: Hopkins, Bridgeman, 1850. Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

Hale, John P. Speech of Mr. Hale, of New Hampshire, on The Territorial Question. March 19, 1850. New Hampshire Historical Society.

Jay, William. Letter to the Hon. William Nelson, M. C. on Mr. Clay’s Compromise. New York: William Harned, 1850. Houghton Library, Harvard University.

Julian, George W. Speeches on Political Questions, 1850–1868. New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1872. https://archive.org/details/speechesonpoliti00juli.

Mann, Horace. Horace Mann’s Letters on the Extension of Slavery into California and New Mexico and on the Duty of Congress to Provide the Trial by Jury for Alleged Fugitive Slave. New York: William Harned, 1850. Massachusetts Historical Society.

———. New Dangers to Freedom and New Duties for Its Defenders: A Letter by the Hon. Horace Mann to His Constituents, 1850, May 3, 1850. Boston: Redding, 1850. Houghton Library, Harvard University.

Morris, Gouverneur. An Oration, Delivered on Wednesday June 29, 1814. N.p.: Committee of Arrangements, 1814. http://digicol.lib.depaul.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p16106coll2/id/5919.

Parker, Theodore. Speech of Theodore Parker Delivered in the Cradle of Liberty, March 25, 1850. Boston: R. F. Wallcut, 1850. Houghton Library, Harvard University.

Phillips, Wendell. Review of Webster’s Speech on Slavery. Boston: American A. S. Society, 1850. Houghton Library, Harvard University.

Selections from the Speeches and Writings of Prominent Men in the US on the Subject of Abolition and Agitation and in Favor of the Compromise Measures. New York, 1851. Cornell University.

Shields, James. Letter of the Honorable James Shields Addressed to a Committee of His Fellow-Citizens, at Galena, Illinois. Washington, D.C., August 5, 1852. Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library, Springfield, Ill.

Smith, Gerrit. Substance of Speech Made by Gerrit Smith in the Capitol of the State of New York, March 11, 12, 1850. Syracuse, N.Y.: V. W. Smith, 1850. Cornell University.

Smith, Hugh. Address of Hugh Smith of New Mexico to the People of the That Territory. Washington, D.C., 1850. Western Reserve Historical Society.

Soulé, Pierre. Mr. Soulé’s Speech, at Opelousas, Louisiana, Delivered on the 6th of Septembre 1851. New Orleans: J. L. Soullee, 1851. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Spooner, Lysander. A Defense for Fugitive Slaves. Boston: Bela Marsh, 1850. Samuel J. May Collection, Cornell University.

Thurman, John. Address to Constituents. 1850. Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.

Tucker, Nathaniel Beverley. Prescience: A Speech Delivered by the Hon. Beverley Tucker of Virginia, in the Southern Convention Held at Nashville, TN, April 13, 1850. Richmond, Va., 1862.

Webster, Daniel. Correspondence between Mr. Webster and His New Hampshire Neighbors. Washington, D.C.: Gideon, 1850. Massachusetts Historical Society.

———. Letter from Citizens of Newburyport, Mass. to Daniel Webster, in Relations to His Speech Delivered in the Senate of the United States on the 7th March, 1850. And Mr. Webster’s Reply. Washington, D.C.: Gideon, 1850. Massachusetts Historical Society.

Wellborn, M. J. To the Voters of the Second Congressional District of Georgia. University of Rochester.

Broadsides

The Grand Bill of Abominations. Cornell University.

The Omnibus Bill Condemned and the Ordinance of 1787 Approved in Convention, Columbus. May 6, 1850. University of North Carolina.

Resolutions Adopted at the “Union Meeting” in Manchester, November 20, 1850. University of North Carolina.

Secondary Literature

Books

Allgor, Catherine. Parlor Politics, In Which the Ladies of Washington Help Build a City and a Government. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2000.

Anderson, Benedict. Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origins and Spread of Nationalism. London: Verso, 1983.

Ashworth, John. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic, vol. 1, Commerce and Compromise, 1820–1850. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

———. Slavery, Capitalism, and Politics in the Antebellum Republic, vol. 2, The Coming of the Civil War, 1850–1861. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Ayers, Edward L. What Caused the Civil War? Reflections on the South and Southern History. New York: Norton, 2005.

Baker, Jean Harvey. Affairs of Party: The Political Culture of Northern Democrats in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1983.

Baptist, Edward E. The Half Has Never Been Told: Slavery and the Making of American Capitalism. New York: Basic Books, 2014.

Barnett, Tersa. Sacred Relics: Pieces of the Past in Nineteenth-Century America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.

Barney, William L. The Road to Secession: A New Perspective on the Old South. New York: Praeger, 1972.

Baxter, Maurice C. One and Inseparable: Daniel Webster and the Union. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1984.

Bensel, Richard. The American Ballot Box in the Mid-Nineteenth Century. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

Bernath, Michael T. Confederate Minds: The Struggle for Intellectual Independence in the Civil War South. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

Berwanger, Eugene H. The Frontier against Slavery: Western Anti-Negro Prejudice and the Slavery Extension Controversy. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1971.

Blight, David. Race and Reunion: The Civil War in American Memory. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2001.

Blue, Frederick J. The Free Soilers: Third Party Politics, 1848–1852. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1973.

Bonner, Robert E. Mastering America: Southern Slaveholders and the Crisis of American Nationhood. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Bordewich, Fergus M. America’s Great Debate: Henry Clay, Stephen Douglas, and the Compromise That Preserved the Union. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2012.

Brock, William R. Conflict and Transformation: The United States, 1844–1877. Baltimore: Penguin, 1973.

Brooks, Corey. Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2016.

Brown, Thomas. Politics and Statesmanship: Essays on the American Whig Party. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985.

Brugger, Robert J. Beverley Tucker: Heart over Head in the Old South. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978.

Buehrle, Robert Koch. Thaddeus Stevens’ Attitude toward the Omnibus Bill. Lancaster: 1911.

Burstein, Andrew. Sentimental Democracy: The Evolution of America’s Romantic Self-Image. New York: Hill and Wang, 1999.

Capers, Gerald M. John C. Calhoun: Opportunist. Chicago: Quadrangle, 1969.

———. Stephen A. Douglas: Defender of the Union. Boston: Little, Brown, 1959.

Carey, Anthony Gene. Parties, Slavery, and the Union in Antebellum Georgia. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997.

Carnes, Mark C., and Clyde Griffen, eds. Meanings for Manhood: Construction of Masculinity in Victorian America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Chambers, William Nisbet. Old Bullion Benton: Senator from the New West. New York: Russell and Russell, 1956.

Childers, Christopher. The Failure of Popular Sovereignty: Slavery, Manifest Destiny, and the Radicalization of Southern Politics. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012.

Cmiel, Kenneth. Democratic Eloquence: The Fight over Popular Speech in Nineteenth-Century America. New York: William Morrow, 1990.

Coit, Margaret L. John C. Calhoun: American Portrait. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1950.

Cole, Arthur. The Whig Party in the South. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1914.

Conlin, Michael F. One Nation Divided by Slavery: Remembering the American Revolution While Marching toward the Civil War. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 2015.

Connerton, Paul. How Societies Remember. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Cooper, William J., Jr. Jefferson Davis, American. New York: Vintage Books, 2000.

———. Jefferson Davis and the Civil War Era. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.

———. The South and the Politics of Slavery, 1828–1856. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press. 1978.

Craven, Avery. The Coming of the Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1942.

Current, Richard N. Daniel Webster and the Rise of National Conservatism. Boston: Little, Brown, 1955.

———. John C. Calhoun. New York: Washington Square Press, 1963.

Currier, John James. History of Newburyport, Mass., 1764–1905. Newburyport: John James Currier, 1906.

Dalzell, Robert F., Jr. Daniel Webster and Trial of American Nationalism, 1843–1852. New York: Norton, 1972.

Davis, William C. Jefferson Davis: The Man and His Hour. New York: HarperCollins, 1992.

Dean, Adam Wesley. An Agrarian Republic: Farming, Antislavery Politics, and National Parks in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015.

Donald, David. Charles Sumner and the Coming of the Civil War. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1960.

Douglas, Ann. The Feminization of American Culture. New York: Avon, 1977.

Durham, David. A Southern Moderate in Radical Times: Henry Washington Hillard, 1808–1892. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2008.

Earle, Jonathan. Jacksonian Antislavery and the Politics of Free Soil, 1824–1854. Chapel Hill: North Carolina University Press, 2004.

Elliot, Sam Davis. Isham G. Harris of Tennessee: Confederate Governor and United States Senator. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2010.

Erickson, Paul D. The Poetry of Events: Daniel Webster’s Rhetoric of the Constitution of the United States. New York: New York University Press, 1986.

Ericson, David F. The Debate over Slavery: Antislavery and Proslavery Liberalism in America. New York: New York University Press, 2000.

———. Slavery in the American Republic: Developing the Federal Government, 1791–1861. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2011.

Eustace, Nicole. Passion Is the Gale: Emotion, Power, and the Coming of the American Revolution. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

Eyal, Yonatan. The Young America Movement and the Transformation of the Democratic Party, 1828–1861. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Faust, Drew Gilpin. The Creation of Confederate Nationalism: Ideology and Identity in the Civil War South. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

———. The Ideology of Slavery: Proslavery Thought in the Antebellum South, 1830–1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1981.

Fehrenbacher, Don. The Slaveholding Republic: An Account of the Federal Government’s Relations to Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Foner, Eric. Free Soil, Free Labor, Free Men: The Ideology of the Republican Party before the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Foote, Lorien. The Gentlemen and the Roughs: Violence, Honor, and Manhood in the Union Army. New York: New York University Press, 2010.

Forbes, Robert Pierce. The Missouri Compromise and Its Aftermath: Slavery and the Meaning of America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2007.

Ford, Lacy K. Deliver Us from Evil: The Slavery Question in the Old South. New York: Oxford University Press, 2009.

Formisano, Ronald P. The Birth of Mass Political Parties: Michigan, 1827–1861. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1971.

———. The Transformation of American Political Culture: Massachusetts Parties, 1790s–1840s. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983.

Freehling, William W. The Reintegration of American History: Slavery and the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.

———. The Road to Disunion, vol. 1, Secessionists at Bay, 1776–1854. New York : Oxford University Press, 1990.

———. The Road to Disunion, vol. 2, Secessionists Triumphant, 1854–1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Freeman, Joanne. Affairs of Honor: National Politics in the New Republic. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2001.

Gallagher, Gary. The Union War. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Ganaway, Loomis Morton. New Mexico and the Sectional Controversy, 1846–1860. Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1944.

Genovese, Eugene. The Political Economy of Slavery: Studies in the Economy and Society of the Slave States. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.

———. Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Vintage Books, 1976.

———. The World the Slaveholders Made: Essays in Interpretation. New York: Vintage Books, 1969.

Gienapp, William E. The Origins of the Republican Party, 1852–1856. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Gilmore, David. Manhood in the Making: Cultural Concepts of Masculinity. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1990.

Ginzberg, Lori D. Untidy Origins: A Story of Woman’s Rights in Antebellum New York. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

Going, Charles B. David Wilmot: Free Soiler, A Biography of the Great Advocate of the Wilmot Proviso. New York: D. Appleton, 1924.

Grant, Susan-Mary. North over South: Northern Nationalism and American Identity in the Antebellum Era. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2000.

Greenberg, Amy. Manifest Manhood and the Antebellum American Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Greenberg, Kenneth S. Honor and Slavery: Lies, Duels, Noses, Masks, Dressing as a Woman, Gifts, Strangers, Humanitarianism, Death, Slave Rebellions, the Proslavery Argument, Baseball, Hunting, and Gambling in the Old South. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996.

———. Masters and Statesmen: The Political Culture of American Slavery. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.

Hamilton, Holman. Prologue to Conflict: The Crisis and Compromise of 1850. Louisville: University of Kentucky Press, 1964.

———. Zachary Taylor: Soldier in the White House. New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1951.

Hammond, John Craig, and Matthew Mason, eds. Contesting Slavery: The Politics of Bondage and Freedom in the New American Nation. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2011.

Harrold, Stanley. Border War: Fighting over Slavery before the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

———. Subversives: Antislavery Community in Washington, 1828–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2003.

Haynes, Stephen R. Noah’s Curse: The Biblical Justification of American Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Hearon, Cleo Carson. Mississippi and the Compromise of 1850. New York: AMS Press, 1972.

Heidler, David S., and Jeanne T. Heidler. Henry Clay, the Essential American. New York: Random House, 2010.

Hinman, Marjory. Daniel Dickinson, Defender of the Constitution. Windsor, New York: Marjory Hinman, 1987.

Hollinger, David A. In the American Province: Studies in the History and Historiography of Ideas. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1985.

Holt, Michael. The Fate of Their Country: Politicians, Slavery Extension, and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Hill and Wang, 2004.

———. The Political Crisis of the 1850s. New York: Wiley, 1978.

———. Political Parties and American Political Development from the Age of Jackson to the Age of Lincoln. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.

———. The Rise and Fall of the American Whig Party: Jacksonian Politics and the Onset of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Howe, Daniel Walker. The Political Culture of the American Whigs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1979.

———. What Hath God Wrought: The Transformation of America, 1815–1848. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Huebner, Timothy S. Liberty and Union: The Civil War Era and American Constitutionalism. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2016.

Hunt, H. Draper. Hannibal Hamlin of Maine: Lincoln’s First Vice President. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1969.

Huston, James L. The British Gentry, the Southern Planter, and the Northern Family Farmer: Agriculture and the Sectional Antagonism in North America. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2015.

———. Calculating the Value of the Union: Slavery Property Rights and the Economic Origins of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

———. Stephen Douglas and the Dilemmas of Democratic Equality. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield, 2007.

Jennings, Thelma. The Nashville Convention: Southern Movement for Unity, 1848–51. Memphis: Memphis State University Press, 1980.

Johannsen, Robert W. Stephen A. Douglas. New York: Oxford University Press, 1973.

Johnson, Walter. River of Dark Dreams: Slavery and Empire in the Cotton Kingdom. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2013.

Karp, Matthew J. This Vast Southern Empire: Slaveholders at the Helm of American Foreign Policy. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2016.

Kimmel, Michael. Manhood in America: A Cultural History. New York: Free Press, 1995.

King, Clyde S. Horace Mann, 1796–1859: A Bibliography. Dobbs Ferry, N.Y.: Oceana, 1966.

Knupfer, Peter. The Union as It Is: Constitutional Unionism and Sectional Compromise, 1787–1861. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1991.

Kruman, Marc W. Parties and Politics in North Carolina, 1836–1865. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1983.

Landis, Michael Todd. Northern Men with Southern Loyalties: The Democratic Party and the Sectional Crisis. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2014.

Litwack, Leon F. North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

Lubet, Steven. Fugitive Justice: Runaways, Rescuers, and Slavery on Trial. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2010.

Maizlish, Stephen E. The Triumph of Sectionalism: The Transformation of Ohio Politics, 1844–1856. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1983.

Mangan, J. A., and James Walvin, eds. Manliness and Morality. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.

Mann, Mary Peabody. The Life of Horace Mann. Washington, D.C.: National Education Association, 1937.

McCardell, John. The Idea of a Southern Nation: Southern Nationalists and Southern Nationalism, 1830–1860. New York: Norton, 1979.

McCurry, Stephanie. Masters of Small Worlds: Yeoman Households, Gender Relations, and the Political Culture of the Antebellum South Carolina Low Country. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

McGuire, John. Father Mathew, A Biography. New York: D. and J. Sadler, 1864.

McLaughlin, Andrew. Lewis Cass. Boston: Houghton, Mifflin, 1899.

Meigs, William M. The Life of Thomas Hart Benton. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1904.

Minardi, Margot. Making Slavery History: Abolitionism and the Politics of Memory in Massachusetts. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Morrison, Chaplain W. Democratic Politics and Sectionalism: The Wilmot Proviso Controversy. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.

Morrison, Michael A. Slavery and the American West: The Eclipse of Manifest Destiny and the Coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Nagel, Paul C. One Nation Indivisible: The Union in American Thought, 1776–1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 1964.

Nathans, Sidney. Daniel Webster and Jacksonian Democracy. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973.

Neely, Mark E., Jr. The Boundaries of American Political Culture in the Civil War Era. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2005.

———. The Union Divided: Party Conflict in the Civil War North. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Neuschell, Kristen B. Word of Honor: Interpreting Noble Culture in Sixteenth-Century France. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1989.

Niven, John. John C. Calhoun and the Price of Union: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1988.

———. Salmon P. Chase: A Biography. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995.

Oakes, James. Freedom National: The Destruction of Slavery in the United States, 1861–1865. New York: Norton, 2013.

———. The Ruling Race: A History of American Slaveholders. New York: Knopf, 1982.

———. The Scorpion’s Sting: Antislavery and the Coming of the Civil War. New York: Norton, 2014.

O’Brien, Michael. Intellectual Life and the American South, 1810–1860. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2010.

Oertel, Kristen. Bleeding Borders: Race, Gender, and Violence in Pre–Civil War Kansas. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2009.

Olsen, Christopher J. Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000.

Onuf, Nicholas, and Peter Onuf. Nations, Markets, and War: Modern History and the American Civil War. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2006.

Parish, Peter. The North and the Nation in the Era of the Civil War. New York: Fordham University Press, 2003.

Parks, Joseph. John Bell of Tennessee. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950.

Parrish, William E. David Rice Atchison of Missouri: Border Politician. Columbia: University Missouri Press, 1961.

Pasley, Jeffrey L. “The Tyranny of Printers”: Newspaper Politics and the Early American Republic. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001.

Pelzer, Louis. Augustus Caesar Dodge. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1908.

Peterson, Merrill D. The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay, and Calhoun. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Phillips, U. B. The Life of Robert Toombs. New York: Macmillan, 1913.

Pierson, Michael D. Free Hearts and Free Homes: Gender and American Antislavery Politics. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2003.

Portia, James P. The Real McCoy: African American Invention and Innovation, 1619–1930. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, 1989.

Potter, David M. The Impending Crisis, 1848–1861. New York: Harper and Row, 1976.

———. The South and the Sectional Conflict. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968.

Pugh, David G. Sons of Liberty: The Masculine Mind in the Nineteenth Century. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983.

Quigley, Paul. Shifting Grounds: Nationalism and the American South, 1848–1860. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Remini, Robert V. At the Edge of the Precipice: Henry Clay and the Compromise That Saved the Union. New York: Basic Books, 2010.

———. Henry Clay, Statesman for the Union. New York: Norton, 1991.

Reynolds, David. Mightier Than the Sword: Uncle Tom’s Cabin and the Battle for America. New York: Norton, 2011.

Richards, Leonard. The Slave Power: The Free North and Southern Domination, 1780–1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.

Roark, James L. Masters without Slaves: Southern Planters in the Civil War and Reconstruction. New York: Norton, 1977.

Roberts-Miller, Patricia. Fanatical Schemes: Proslavery Rhetoric and the Tragedy of Consensus. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2009.

Robertson, Andrew W. The Language of Democracy: Political Rhetoric in the United States and Britain, 1790–1900. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2005.

Rosenberg, Charles. The Cholera Years: The United States in 1832, 1849, and 1866. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

Rothman, Adam. Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2005.

Rotundo, E. Anthony. American Manhood: Transformations in Masculinity from the Revolution to the Modern Era. New York: Basic Books, 1993.

Rozwenc, Ewin Charles. Compromise of 1850. Boston: Heath, 1957.

Sewell, Richard H. John P. Hale and the Politics of Abolition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1965.

Shelden, Rachel A. Washington Brotherhood: Politics, Social Life, and the Coming of the Civil War. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2013.

Siebert, W. H. The Underground Railroad from Slavery to Freedom. New York: Arno Press, 1968.

Silber, Nina. Gender and the Sectional Conflict. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

Silbey, Joel. The Partisan Imperative: The Dynamics of American Politics before the Civil

War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985.

———. Party over Section: The Rough and Ready Presidential Election of 1848. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2009.

———. The Shrine of Party: Congressional Voting Behavior, 1841–1852. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967.

———. Storm over Texas: The Annexation Controversy and the Road to Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

———. The Transformation of American Politics, 1840–1860. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

Sioussat, St. George Leakin. Tennessee, the Compromise of 1850, and the Nashville Convention. Cedar Rapids, Iowa: N.p., 1915.

Smith, Adam I. P. The Stormy Present: Conservatism and the Problem of Slavery in Northern Politics, 1846–1865. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2017.

Smith, Craig R. The 1850 Compromise: A Study of Freedom of Expression in the United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: C. R. Smith, 1986.

Smith, Elbert B. Magnificent Missourian: The Life and Times of Thomas Hart Benton. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1957.

Stampp, Kenneth M. The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

———. The Peculiar Institution: Slavery in the Ante-Bellum South. New York: Knopf, 1956.

Stegmaier, Mark J. Texas, New Mexico, and the Compromise of 1850: Boundary Dispute and Sectional Crisis. Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1996.

Stewart, James Brewer. Holy Warriors: the Abolitionists and American Slavery. New York: Hill and Wang, 1976.

———. Joshua R. Giddings and the Tactics of Radical Politics. Cleveland: Case Western Reserve University Press, 1970.

Stone, Kurt. The Jews of Capitol Hill. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2011.

Stowe, Steven. Intimacy and Power in the Old South. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1987.

Summers, Mark. The Plundering Generation: Corruption and the Crisis of the Union, 1849–1861. New York: Oxford University Press, 1987.

Taylor, William R. Cavalier and Yankee: The Old South and American National Character. New York: George Barziller, 1961.

Tharp, Louise Hall. Until Victory: Horace Mann and Mary Peabody. Boston: Little, Brown, 1953.

Thomas, John L., ed. John C. Calhoun, a Profile. New York: Hill and Wang, 1968.

Thornton, J. Mills, III. Politics and Power in a Slave Society: Alabama, 1800–1860. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978.

Van Cleve, George William. A Slaveholders’ Union: Slavery, Politics, and the Constitution in the Early American Republic. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

Van Deusen, Glyndon G. The Life of Henry Clay. Boston: Little, Brown, 1937.

———. William Henry Seward. New York: Oxford University Press, 1967.

Varon, Elizabeth. Disunion! The Coming of the American Civil War, 1789–1859. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008.

———. We Mean to Be Counted: White Women and Politics in Antebellum Virginia. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998.

Waldstreicher, David. In the Midst of Perpetual Fetes: The Making of American Nationalism, 1776–1820. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1997.

Waugh, John C. On the Brink of Civil War: The Compromise of 1850 and How It Changed the Course of American History. Wilmington, Del.: Scholarly Resources, 2003.

Welter, Rush. The Mind of America, 1820–1860. New York: Columbia University Press, 1975.

Wilentz, Sean. The Rise of American Democracy: Jefferson to Lincoln. New York: Norton, 2005.

Wilson, Henry. The Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America. Vol. 2. Boston: Houghton, Osgood, 1879.

Wilson, Major. Space, Time and Freedom: The Quest for Nationality and Irrepressible Conflict. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1974.

Wiltse, Charles M. John C. Calhoun: Sectionalist, 1840–1859. Vol. 3. New York: Russell and Russell, 1951.

Woods, Michael E. Emotional and Sectional Conflict in the Antebellum United States. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2014.

Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. Southern Honor: Ethics and Behavior in the Old South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.

———. Yankee Saints and Southern Sinners. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1985.

Zagarri, Rosemarie. Revolutionary Backlash: Women and Politics in the Early American Republic. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2007.

Articles

Ames, Hermann V. “John C. Calhoun and the Secession Movement of 1850.” American Antiquarian Society Proceedings, new series, 28 (1918): 19–50.

Ashworth, John. “Stephen A. Douglas and a Doomed Doctrine.” Reviews in American History 42, no. 1 (March 2014): 71–77.

Baker, Paula. “The Domestication of Politics: Women and American Political Society, 1780–1920.” American Historical Review 89, no. 3 (June 1984): 620–47.

Barnes, L. Diane, Brian Schoen, and Frank Towers. “Introduction.” In The Old South’s Modern Worlds: Slavery, Region, and Nation in the Age of Progress, edited by Diane L. Barnes, Brian Schoen, and Frank Towers, 1–22. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Bell, John Frederick. “Poetry’s Place in the Crisis and Compromise of 1850.” Journal of the Civil War Era 5, no. 3 (September 2015): 399–421.

Bestor, Arthur. “State Sovereignty and Slavery: A Reinterpretation of Proslavery Constitutional Doctrine, 1840–1860.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 54, no. 2 (Summer 1961): 117–80.

Brooks, R. P. “Howell Cobb and the Crisis of 1850.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 4, no. 3 (December 1917): 279–98.

Carman, Harry, and Reinhard H. Luthin. “The Seward-Fillmore Feud and the Compromise of 1850.” New York History 24, no. 2 (April 1943): 163–84.

Childers, Christopher. “Interpreting Popular Sovereignty: A Historiographic Essay.” Civil War History 57, no. 1 (March 2011): 48–70.

Collins, Bruce. “The Ideology of Antebellum Northern Democrats.” Journal of American Studies 11, no. 3 (December 1977): 117–18.

Conlin, Michael. “The Dangerous Isms and Fanatical Ists: Antebellum Conservatives in the South and the North Confront the Modernity Conspiracy.” Journal of the Civil War Era 4, no. 2 (June 2014): 205–33.

Fehrenbacher, Don. “The Wilmot Proviso and the Mid-Century Crisis.” In The South and Three Sectional Crises, 25–44. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1980.

Foster, Herbert Darling. “Webster’s Seventh of March Speech and the Secession Movement in 1850.” American Historical Review 27, no. 2 (January 1922): 245–70.

Franklin, John Hope. “The North, the South, and the American Revolution.” Journal of American History 62, no. 2 (June 1975): 5–23.

Freehling, William W. “Reviving State Rights.” In A Political Nation: New Directions in Mid-Nineteenth-Century American Political Culture, edited by Gary W. Gallagher and Rachel A. Shelden, 112–25. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2012.

Geertz, Clifford. “Ideology as a Cultural System.” In The Interpretation of Cultures, 193–233. New York: Basic Books, 1973.

Green, Jennifer R., and Patrick M. Kirkwood. “Reframing the Antebellum Democratic Mainstream: Transatlantic Diplomacy and the Career of Pierre Soulé.” Civil War History 61, no. 3 (September 2015): 212–51.

Greenberg, Amy. “The Politics of Martial Manhood; or, Why Falling off a Horse Was Worse than Falling off the Wagon in 1852.” Common-Place 9, no.1 (October 2008): http://www.common-place.org/vol-09/no-01/greenberg/.

Griffen, Clyde. “Kentucky’s Linn Boyd and the Dramatic Days of 1850.” Kentucky Historical Society Register 55 (July 1957): 185–95.

———. “Reconstructing Masculinity from the Evangelical Revival to the Waning of Progressivism: A Speculative Synthesis.” In Meanings for Manhood, edited by Mark C. Carnes and Clyde Griffen, 183–204. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Hamilton, Holman. “Texas Bonds and Northern Profits.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 43, no. 4 (1957): 579–94.

Harmon, George D. “Douglas and the Compromise of 1850.” Journal of the Illinois State Historical Society 21, no. 4 (January 1929): 453–99.

Hodder, Frank. “The Authorship of the Compromise of 1850.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 22, no. 4 (March 1936): 525–36.

Hoganson, Kristin. “Garrisonian Abolitionists and the Rhetoric of Gender, 1850–1860.” American Quarterly 45, no. 4 (December 1993): 558–95.

Holt, Michael. “Politics, Patronage, and Public Policy: The Compromise of 1850.” In Congress and the Crisis of the 1850s, edited by Paul Finkleman and Donald R. Kennon, 18–35. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2012.

Koschnik, Albrecht. “The Democratic Societies of Philadelphia and the Limits of the American Public Sphere, C. 1793–1795.” William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd series, 58, no. 3 (July 2001): 615–36.

Maizlish, Stephen E. “The Cholera Panic in Washington and the Compromise of 1850.” Washington History 29, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 55–63.

———. “Rehearsing for the Great Debate of 1850: The Controversy over Seating Father Theobald Mathew on the Floor of the Senate.” Civil War History 64, no. 2 (December 2018): forthcoming.

———. “Salmon P. Chase and the Origins of Reform.” Journal of the Early Republic 18, no. 1 (Spring 1998): 47–70.

Malanson, Jeffery L. “‘If I Had It in His Hand-Writing I Would Burn It’: Federalists and the Authorship Controversy over George Washington’s Farwell Address, 1808–1859.” Journal of the Early Republic 34, no. 2 (Summer 2014): 219–42.

McPherson, James. “Antebellum Southern Exceptionalism: A New Look at an Old Question.” In Drawn with the Sword: Reflections on the American Civil War, 3–23. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996.

Meador, John. “Florida and the Compromise of 1850.” Florida Historical Quarterly 39, no. 1 (July 1960): 16–33.

Morrison, Michael A. “American Reaction to European Revolutions, 1848–1850: Sectionalism, Memory, and the Revolutionary Heritage.” Civil War History 49, no. 2 (June 2003): 111–32.

Oakes, James. “The War of Northern Aggression.” Jacobin Magazine, August 28, 2012, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2012/08/the-war-of-northern-aggression.

Oertel, Kristen. “‘Nigger-Worshiping Fanatics’ and ‘Villain[s] of the Blackest Dye’: Racialized Manhoods and the Sectional Debates.” In Bleeding Kansas, Bleeding Missouri, edited by Jonathan Earle and Diane Mutti, 65–80. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2013.

Onuf, Peter. “Antebellum Southerners and the National Idea.” In The Old South’s Modern Worlds: Slavery, Region, and Nation in the Age of Progress, edited by Diane L. Barnes, Brian Schoen, and Frank Towers, 25–46. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

Paulus, Sarah Bischoff. “America’s Long Eulogy for Compromise: Henry Clay and American Politics, 1854–58.” Journal of the Civil War Era 4, no. 1 (March 2014): 28–52.

Potter, David M. “The Historians’ Use of Nationalism and Vice Versa.” In The South and the Sectional Conflict, 34–83. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1968.

Ramsdell, Charles W. “The Natural Limits of Slavery Expansion.” Southwestern Historical Quarterly 33, no. 2 (October 1929): 91–111.

Randall, James G. “The Blundering Generation.” Mississippi Valley Historical Review 27, no. 1 (June 1940): 3–28.

Riley, Padraig. “The Lonely Congressmen: Gender and Politics in Early Washington, D.C.” Journal of the Early Republic 34, no.3 (Summer 2014): 243–73.

Roberts, Timothy. “‘Revolutions Have Become the Bloody Toy of the Multitude’: European Revolutions, the South, and the Crisis of 1850.” Journal of the Early Republic 25, no. 3 (Summer 2005): 259–83.

Rotundo, Anthony. “Learning about Manhood: Gender Ideals and the Middle Class Family in Nineteenth Century America.” In Manliness and Morality, edited by J. A. Mangan and James Walvin, 35–51. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987.

Rubin, Anne. “Seventy-Six and Sixty-One: Confederates Remember the American Revolution.” In Where These Memories Grow: History, Memory, and Southern Identity, edited by W. Fitzhugh Brundage, 85–105. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000.

Russel, Robert R. “What Was the Compromise of 1850?” Journal of Southern History 22, no. 3 (August 1956): 292–302.

Sanders, Edith R. “The Hamitic Hypothesis: Its Origins and Functions in Time Perspective.” Journal of African History 10, no. 4 (1969): 521–32.

Sellers, Charles G. “The Travail of Slavery.” In The Southerner as American, edited by Charles G. Sellers, 40–71. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1960.

Shelden, Rachel A. “Messmate’s Union: Friendship, Politics, and Living Arrangements in the Capital City, 1845–1861.” Journal of the Civil War Era 1, no. 4 (December 2011): 453–80.

Silbey, Joel. “John C. Calhoun and the Limits of Southern Congressional Unity, 1841–1850.” The Historian 30, no. 1 (November 1967): 58–71.

———. “‘There Are Other Questions beside That of Slavery Merely’: The Democratic Party and Antislavery Politics.” In Crusades and Compromisers: Essays on the Relationship of the Antislavery Struggle to the Antebellum Party System, edited by Alan M. Kraut, 143–78. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1983.

Smith, Elbert B. “Thomas Hart Benton: Southern Realist.” American Historical Review 58, no. 4 (July 1953): 795–807.

Stampp, Kenneth M. “The Concept of a Perpetual Union.” In The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War, 3–36. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

———. “Southern Road to Appomattox.” In The Imperiled Union: Essays on the Background of the Civil War, 246–69. New York: Oxford University Press, 1980.

Stegmaier, Mark J. “Zachary Taylor versus the South.” Civil War History 33, no. 3 (September 1987): 219–41.

Stewart, James Brewer. “Joshua Giddings, Anti-Slavery Violence, and Congressional Politics of Honor.” In Antislavery Violence: Sectional, Racial, and Cultural Conflict in Antebellum America, edited by John McGivigan and Stanley Harrold, 167–92. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1999.

Tosh, John. “What Should Historians Do with Masculinity? Reflections on Nineteenth Century Britain.” History Workshop Journal 38 (Autumn 1994): 179–202.

Waite, Kevin. “Jefferson Davis and Proslavery Visions of Empire in the Far West.” Journal of the Civil War Era 6, no. 4 (December 2016): 536–65.

Wickberg, Daniel. “Heterosexual White Male: Some Recent Inversions in American Cultural History.” Journal of American History 93, no. 1 (June 2005): 136–57.

———. “What Is the History of Sensibilities? On Cultural Histories, Old and New.” American Historical Review 112, no. 3 (June 2007): 661–684.

Wilson, Major L. “Of Time and the Union: Webster and His Critics in the Crisis of 1850.” Civil War History 14, no. 4 (December 1968): 293–306.

Woods, Michael E. “What Twenty-First-Century Historians Have Said about the Causes of Disunion: A Civil War Sesquicentennial Review of the Recent Literature.” Journal of American History 99, no. 2 (September 2012): 415–39.

Yacavone, Donald. “‘Language of Fraternal Love.’” In Meanings for Manhood, edited by Mark C. Carnes and Clyde Griffen, 85–95. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990.

Zagarri, Rosemarie. “The Family Factor: Congressmen, Turnover, and the Burden of Public Service in the Early American Republic.” Journal of the Early Republic 33, no. 2 (Summer 2013): 283–316.

Zboray, Ronald, and Mary Zboray. “Gender Slurs in Boston’s Partisan Press during the 1840s.” Journal of American Studies 34, no. 3, part 1 (December 2000): 413–46.

Theses and Dissertations

Bearss, Sara Beth. “‘How All Occasions Do Inform’: Henry Clay’s Open Break with Zachary Taylor over the Compromise of 1850.” M.A. thesis, University of Virginia, 1984.

Dierksheide, Christa. “The Amelioration of Slavery in the Anglo-American Imagination, 1780–1840.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Virginia, 2008.

Mueller, Ken S. “Benton and the People: White Nationalism on the Jacksonian Frontier, 1782–1848.” Ph.D. dissertation, Saint Louis University, 2007.

Quinn, John Fitzgerald. “Father Mathew’s Crusade: Temperance in Ireland, 1838–1856.” Ph.D. dissertation, University of Notre Dame, 1992.