Picture credits

13 R. ‘Ben’ Gunn / Margaret Katherine, Jawoyn Elder, 15 Werner Forman/UIG via Getty Images, 17 Detail from E.2.1922: © The Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, 19 Jastrow/Ludovici Collection, 21 Popperfoto/Getty Images, 23 Madonna of the Goldfinch, c.1506 (oil on panel), Raphael (Raffaello Sanzio of Urbino) (1483-1520) / Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence, Italy / The Bridgeman Art Library, 25 Museum of London, 27 Wikipedia Commons, 29 Wikipedia Commons, 31 Horniman Museum and Gardens, 33 Wikipedia Commons, 35 Epics/ Getty Images, 37 Wikipedia Commons, 39 Mary Evans / Natural History Museum, 41t Archive. org, 41b Dietmar Nill/Minden Pictures/FLPA, 43l OpenLibrary.org, 43r Paul Sawer/FLPA, 45t Wikipedia Commons, 45l Wikipedia Commons, 45r Edal Anton Lefterov/Wikipedia Commons, 47l Set of 19th Century Paint Brushes Collection Jim Linderman, 47r Roseate Spoonbill, Platalea leucorodia, from ‘The Birds of America’, 1836 (colour litho), Audubon, John James (1785-1851) / Christie’s Images / Photo © Christie’s Images / The Bridgeman Art Library, 49 Ben Gilbert, 51b Wikipedia Commons, 51t ImageBroker/Imagebroker/FLPA, 53 Anne Harrap, 55 Mary Evans / Natural History Museum, 57 Bill Morton, 59 Shutterstock/ Jerome Whittingham, 61 LeHigh University, 63 H. Raab Wikipedia Commons, 65 Wikipedia Commons, 67t Olli Niemitalo/Wikipedia Commons, 67b Getty Images, 69 Natural History Museum, London, 71 James Clark Maxwell Foundation, Edinburgh, 73 National Audobon Society, 75 Getty Images, 77 David Hosking/FLPA, 79 Getty Images, 81 Michael Szebor/RSPB, 83l Wikipedia Commons, 83r Mike Powles/FLPA, 85, 87 Museum of the History of Science, 89 Stanislas Perrin/ Wikipedia Commons, 91 David Hosking/FLPA, 93t Valdermar Poulsen/Wikipedia Commons, 93b Carsten Reisinger/Shutterstock, 95l Wikipedia Commons, 95r Getty Images, 97 J. Martin Collinson, 99 Map taken from p.325 of article ‘On a Plan of Mapping Migratory Birds in their Nesting Areas’ by C J and H G Alexander, British Birds, 1909, 101 Don Woodford, 103 Shutterstock/Geoffrey Keith Booth, 105 Ronald Thompson/FLPA, 107l T S Zylva/FLPA, 107r Shutterstock/Atila Jandi, 109t Nigel Redman, 109c Shutterstock/ Stephen Finn, 111 Shutterstock/Stanislav Tiplyashin, 113 Smithsonion Institution, 115l Eric Hosking © David Hosking/FLPA, 115r Houghton Mifflin, 117l Wikipedia Commons, 117r Eric Hosking © David Hosking/ FLPA, 119t Chris Sherlock, 119b Eric Hosking © David Hosking/FLPA, 121 SuperStock, 125 Transworld, 129t J Martin Collinson, 129l Tony Fox, 129r Shutterstock/Nicola Destefano, 131 (sonograms) Paul Morton/The Sound Approach, 131l Neil Bowman/FLPA, 131r Harry Fiolet/FN/Minden/FLPA, 133l Getty Images, 133r Dominic Mitchell, 135 Tiger Tops, 137 David Morton/Recording History, 139 Shutterstock/Daboost, 141 Michael Szebor/RSPB, 143 Nigel Redman, 145 Gore-Tex, 147l Nigel Redman, 147r Bill Morton, 149t Eric Risberg/AP/Press Association Images, 149b Shutterstock/Tororo Reaction, 151t Shutterstock/Eduard Kyslynskyy, 151b Petzl, 153 inset Biotrack, 153 Dean Bricknell (rspb-images.com), 155 Bloomsbury, 159l The West Midlands Bird Club, 159r Bloomsbury, 159b Bloomsbury, 161 Haven Audioguides, 163l Birdguides, 163r Birdsong / Dominic Mitchell, 163b Ample Edition / Dominic M, 165 SSPL via Getty Images, 167 Sony Corporation, 169 James McGarvey, 171t J Martin Collinson, 171l Neil Bowman/FLPA, 171c Tony Hamblin/FLPA, 171r Simon Spavin, 173 John Cox/Tim Appleton, 175t Mark Sisson, 175b Nigel Redman, 177 CERN, 179 Rare Bird Alert, 181 Birdwatch, 183t Robert Berdan, 183b Joby, 185l Shutterstock/RaidenV, 187 Marianne Taylor, 189 eBird, 191 Dominic Mitchell, 193l Dr Julien Paren, 193r Bloomsbury,195 Birdguides, 197 Dominic Mitchell, 199 Scopac, 201l Shutterstock/Erni, 201r Dominic Mitchell, 203 Helm/Birdguides/ Sibley, 205 Biotope, 207 Swarovski, 209 Richard Crawford, 211 AFP/Getty Images.