Why learn to distinguish one tree from another? There are those to whom classification is attractive in itself, who enjoy categorizing and naming things. There are others who wish to know the uses of different natural materials, which in this context is largely about knowing the medicinal properties or value of a tree for construction and fire purposes.
I consider myself in both camps. However, for me the benefits of knowing and teaching tree identification are more about engendering a love and respect for trees and the natural world. If we have a personal relationship with trees and individual species, I believe we are more likely to care for and protect them. In an age of deforestation and endangered forests and jungles across the world, this is more important than ever.
On these pages is a short introduction to identifying some of the common trees you might see in the woods and beyond.
Characteristics: Deciduous; up to 25m (82ft). Found throughout the northern hemisphere. They enjoy moist soil and direct sunlight and are often found near rivers and lakes.
Leaves are elongated; darker green on the upper side, paler on the underside.
Uses: The bark has medicinal properties, while the branches are used for weaving and furniture crafts.
Birch
Characteristics: Deciduous; up to 30m (100ft). As it matures, the distinctive pale bark develops diamond-shaped fissures that resemble eyes. Leaves are light green, small and triangular with a jagged edge.
Uses: The bark and wood of the birch are highly flammable due to its natural oils and so extremely useful for fires and fire-lighting, even when wet. It is also one of my favourite woods to carve and whittle.
Pine
Characteristics: Numerous species of evergreen conifer up to 80m (262ft). Disperses its seeds in distinctive cones. Thin, waxy ‘needle’ leaves drop to the ground all year round, stopping the growth of other species and preventing biodiversity on the ground layer.
Uses: Wood used for carpentry and makes excellent firewood.
