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Making candles

This primitive pine resin lamp is simple and burns well. You will need the following items:

Pine resin: dries to a sticky or hard ball on pine trees and has many uses, both practical and medicinal. Get into the habit of looking out for it when you walk in pine woods; you can break bits off with your hands and build up quite a collection!

Reindeer lichen: grows on heathland and moors and gives off a wonderful aroma when burnt.

You can also use Usnea lichen, known as old man’s beard.

Use a clay pot, tin or shell to hold the candle. I like using a big oyster shell.

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1. Fluff up the dry lichen and place it in the shell; make a small indent in the centre.

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2. Break up the pine resin and place in the centre of the lichen.

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3. Use your firesteel to send sparks into the lichen.

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4. The lichen will catch and help the pine resin to ignite.

Make the candle last longer by feeding in more lumps of pine resin.