COMPETING POWERS IN RAVENNA

Political	Military	Episcopal
EMPERORS
Honorius 395–15th Aug 423	Stilicho 394–408 mm	Ursus c. 399–13th Apr 426
John, notarius Sep 423–May 425	Castinus 421–424 mm
Valentinian III 23rd Oct 425–455		Peter I 426–31st Jul 451
Empress Galla Placidia 425–437 d. 27 N 450	Boniface 432 mm
	Aetius 433–454 mm
	Faustus 437–438 and 442 PP
		Neon c. 451–11th Feb 473
Avitus 9th Jul 455–17th Oct 457	Ricimer 457–472 mm
Marjorian 28th Dec 457–2nd Aug 461
Libius Severus 19th Nov 461–14th Nov 465
Anthemius 12th Apr 467–11th Jul 472
Glycerius 3rd Mar 473–24th Jun 474		Exuperantius c. 473–22nd May 477
Julius Nepos Jun 474–28th Aug 475
Romulus Augustulus 31st Oct 475–23rd Aug 476
KINGS
Odoacer 23rd Aug 476–1st Mar 493	Basilius 483 PP	John I 477–5th May 494
Theoderic 1st Mar 493–30th Aug 526	Liberius 493–500 PP
	Cassiodorus 503–507 PP	Peter II 494–3rd Dec 519–520
	Decius 507–511 PP
	Faustus 509–507 PP
	Albinus 512–513 PP
	Opilio befor 524 PP	Aurelianus d. 26th May 521
	Abundantius 526–26th May 527 PP
Athalaric 526–2nd Oct 534		Ecclesius 522–27th Jul 532
	Iohannes befor 527 PP
	Avienus 527–528 PP
Queen Amalasuintha 31st Aug 526–535 with Theodad Nov 534–Nov 536		Ursicinus 533–5th Sep 536
Witiges Nov 536–May 540	Fidelis 537–538 PP	Victor 537–544
	Reparatus 538–15th Feb 539 PP
	Athanasius 539–542 PP
Ildibad 540–41	Belisarius 540 briefly PP
Earic 541
Totila/Baduila 541–Jul 552	Maximinus 542 PP	Maximian 14th Oct 546–22nd Feb 557
Teias Jul 552–553
EMPERORS
Justinian May 540–565	Narses 552–568 PP
	Antiochus 554 PP
	Aurelianus at Ravenna 552–557
	Pamphronius 557–557/9 PP	Agnellus 27th Jun 557–1st Aug 570
Justin II 565–572	Longinus c. 568–572 PP
		Peter III 15th Sep 570–16th Aug 578
	Sisinnius c. 575 Susa mm
	Baduarius 557–77 kouropalates son-in-law of Justin II
Tiberius 572–582		John II, the Roman 22nd Nov 578–11th Jan 595
Maurice 582–602	Decius c. 584
	Smaragdus c. 585–589 vir praecelsus exarchus
	Julianus 589?
	Romanus exarch 589–596
		Marinianus 595–606
	Georgius 591–25th Oct 593 PP
	Gregorius 595 PP
	John 598 PP
	Callinicus 596–603 patricius et exarchus
	EXARCHS John (seal)
	Theopemptus (seal)
	Akataphronius (seal)
	John (seal)
Phokas 602–610	Smaragdus 603–607 exarchus Italiae	John III 607–613/25?
Herakleios 610–641	Photios ?608–613
	John I ?615–616 killed	John IV ?613/25–630
	Eleutherios, eunuch 616–619 rebelled and killed by soldiers from Ravenna army at Lucioli
	Gregorios 619–625 patricius Romanorum
	Isaac 625–643	Bonus 631–25th Aug 642/8
Constans II 642–668	Theodore Calliopas 653–?666	Maurus 642/49–671
	Platon c. 645
	Olympios 649–653
	Theodore Calliopas 653–?666
	Gregorios II ?–1st Mar 666	Maurus d. 671
Constantine IV 668–685	Theodore II 678–687	Reparatus 671–30th Jul 677
	Anastasios c. 650–700 (seal)	Theodore 677–18th Jan 691/2
	Theocharistos (seal)
Justinian II 685–695	John Platyn II 678–?701 murdered	Damian 692–12th Mar 707/8
Leontios 695–698
Tiberios Apsimar 698–705	Theophylaktos 701–705
Justinian II second reign 705–711	John III c. 705–710?	Felix 25th Mar 708–25th Nov 723/5
	John Rizokopos 710–711
	Eutychios 711–713
Philippikos 711–713
Anastasios II 713–715	Scholastikios 713–?
	Stephanos c. 700–750 (seal)
Theodosios III 715–715
Leo III 715–741	Paul the patrician 723–726	John V 723/5–744
	Eutychios 727–751
Constantine V 741–775
LOMBARD KINGS
Liutprand 727/8–744	Pope Zacharias 3rd Dec 741–15th Mar 752	Sergius ?744/8–25th Aug 769
Aistulf 725–756	Pope Stephen II 26th Mar 752–26th Apr 757
Pippin, King of the Franks, first campaign in Italy, 755, presents Ravenna to Pope Stephen II, Peace of Trevi. Second campaign 756, insists on donation
Desiderius 756–774	Pope Paul I 29th May 757–28th Jun 767
	Pope Stephen III 7th Aug 768–24th Jan 772
774 Charles incorporated the kingdom of Italy and thereafter dukes appointed by Charles probably ruled the city of Ravenna
FRANKISH RULERS
Charles 774–813	Pope Hadrian 9th Feb 772–26th Dec 795	Archbishop Leo c. 770–14th Feb 777/8
Charles/Emperor Leo IV 775–780		John VI c. 777–24th Jul 784
Charles/Constantine VI 780–797		Gratiosus c. 786–23rd Feb 788/9
Empress Irene 780–802		Valerius 789–29th Jan 801/10
Emperor Charlemagne 800–813		Martin c. 801/10–818
Bernard, son of Pippin 813–818	Pope Leo III 27th Dec 795–12th Jun 816
Louis the Pious 28th Jun 814–20th Jun 840	Pope Paschal 817–824
Lothar king of Italy 817–844	Pope Gregory II 828–844	Petronax c. 818–837
Lothar emperor 840–855
Louis II 844–876	Pope Sergius II 844–847	George c. 837–846
mm magister militum   PP Praetorian Prefect

Many dates are best guesses; often the death date of bishops found on their tombs is the clearest indication, though it may not coincide with the literary evidence.