1. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, eds., The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Volume 1:1888–1912 (New York, 1975), p. 327.
2. Paul Levy, ed., The Letters of Lytton Strachey (London, 1995), pp. 140–41.
3. Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, I, pp. 328–29.
4. R. F. Harrod, The Life of John Maynard Keynes (London, 1952), pp. 116–17.
5. Clive Bell, Old Friends (London, 1956), p. 28.
6. E. M. Forster, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson (London, 1947), p. 110.
7. J. M. Keynes, Two Memoirs (London, 1949), p. 82.
8. G. E. Moore, Principia Ethica (Cambridge, 1903), pp. vii, 188–89.
9. Keynes, Two Memoirs, pp. 82–83.
10. E. M. Forster, Howards End (London, 1910), p. 124.
11. Desmond MacCarthy, Memories (London, 1953), pp. 174–75.
12. Harrod, Life of John Maynard Keynes, p. 114.
13. Virginia Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell (1937),” in The Platform of Time, S. P. Rosenbaum, ed. (London, 2008), p. 21.
14. Ibid., p. 22.
15. “Memoir Notes by Vanessa Bell (July 1937),” ibid., pp. 39–41.
16. Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, I, p. 331.
17. Anne Olivier Bell, ed., The Diary of Virginia Woolf, Volume I: 1915–1919 (London, 1977), Sept. 13, 1919, p. 298.
18. Quentin Bell, ed., Julian Bell: Essays, Poems and Letters (London, 1938), pp. 10–12.
19. Ibid., p. 3.
20. Frances Spalding, Roger Fry: Art and Life (Berkeley, 1980), p. 46.
21. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell,” pp. 29–30.
22. David Garnett, The Flowers of the Forest (London, 1955), p. 1.
23. Michael Holroyd, Lytton Strachey (New York, 1994), p. 349. A few days before, he had made his statement to an advisory committee on conscription:
I have a conscientious objection to assisting, by any deliberate action of mine, in carrying on the war. The objection is not based on religious belief, but upon moral considerations, at which I have arrived after long and painful thought. I do not wish to assert the extremely general proposition that I should never, in any circumstances, be justified in taking part in any conceivable war, to dogmatize so absolutely upon a point so abstract would appear to me unreasonable. At the same time, my feeling is directed not simply against the present war: I am convinced that the whole system by which it is sought to settle international disputes by force is profoundly evil; and that, so far as I am concerned, I should be doing wrong to take part in it. (p. 347)
24. Garnett, Flowers of the Forest, p. 112.
25. Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 11–13, for these quotations.
26. Garnett, Flowers of the Forest, p. 124.
27. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, eds., The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Volume II: 1912–1922 (New York, 1976), May 14, 1916, p. 95.
28. Ibid., Sept. 24, 1916, pp. 118–19.
29. Garnett, Flowers of the Forest, p. 161.
30. The issues are in the British Library, London, Add. Mss. 83316–83332.
31. Virginia had anticipated that she might become a figure of fun to her nephew. In a letter to Clive in 1909 she imagines him saying: “I have an Aunt who copulates in a tree, and thinks herself with child by a grasshopper—charming isn’t it? She dresses in green, and my mother sends her nuts from the Stores” (Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, I, Dec. 26 [1909], p. 417).
32. Sir Percy Bates was head of the Cunard shipping line, which would commission eight years later from Vanessa and Duncan a decoration scheme for the Queen Mary that was subsequently cancelled. Charleston is now a place visited by the public, who are told about it in accurate ways. But as the spoof suggests, it is also a place of pilgrimage for those who are interested in the Bloomsbury group. It belongs to the Charleston Trust, having been bought from Lord Gage, and is the center of much activity. I first saw it, and the issues of The Bulletin still then owned by the family, in the early 1960s. We were taken there by Quentin and Olivier Bell and had the great pleasure of meeting Grace Higgens, still in residence.
33. “Memoir Notes by Vanessa Bell (July 1937),” pp. 41–42.
34. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 13.
35. G. F. Jones to Peter Stansky, Oct. 9, 1963.
36. To Vanessa, Jan. 3 [1922] Charleston Papers [hereafter cited as CHA] 1/55/3/2, Archive Centre, King’s College, Cambridge. Hereafter cited as KCL.
37. Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 13–14.
38. To Vanessa, n.d. [Spring 1923?] CHA 1/55/3/3 KCL.
39. J. Duncan Wood to Peter Stansky, Nov. 18, 1963.
40. S. W. Brown, Leighton Park (Reading, 1952), p. 182.
41. Vanessa Bell, “Lecture Given at Leighton Park School,” in Sketches in Pen and Ink (London, 1997), pp. 149–65.
42. To Vanessa, Mar. 26 [1922] CHA 1/55/3/3 KCL.
43. To Vanessa, n.d. [?1924] CHA 1/55/3/4 KCL.
44. Clipping, n.d. CHA 1/55/3/6 KCL.
45. T. C. Elliott to authors, Oct. 13, 1963. Julian wrote of the staff, and Elliott in particular, in his memoir: “The staff were second-rate and tiresome, one or two tried to be kind and one, Elliott, was genuinely kind and sympathetic, and saved me from some bullying. I have always felt grateful to him” (Memoir, p. 15, part unpublished CHA 3/3 KCL).
46. John Lehmann, The Whispering Gallery (London, 1955), p. 141.
47. Anne Olivier Bell, ed., The Diary of Virginia Woolf, Volume II: 1920–1924 (London, 1978), p. 308.
48. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell (1937),” pp. 31–32.
49. Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 18–19, for this and previous quotations.
50. To Vanessa, July 1 [1927] CHA 1/55/3/8 KCL.
51. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 142.
52. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 8.
1. To Vanessa, Oct. 13, 14 [1927] CHA 1/55/3/9 KCL.
2. Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 19–20.
3. Anne Olivier Bell, ed., The Diary of Virginia Woolf, Volume III: 1925–1930 (New York, 1980), p. 200.
4. Kate Perry to author, e-mail, Jan. 9, 2008. Virginia was intensely aware of the claustrophobia and smugness of Cambridge. Some years later, on August 30, 1936, when Julian was in China, she wrote to him vividly about the University, perhaps to console him for not having received a fellowship: “Oh Richard [Braithwaite, the King’s philosopher] was all Cambridge in one pill. How I love it and respect it and deride it! The antics, the mannerisms, the sublime remoteness from pop guns and alarms. Why should there be another war for forty years he said. I see no signs of it in the Great Court [of Trinity]” (to Julian, Aug. 30, 1936 JHB [Julian Heward Bell] 1/686/8 KCL; published in Joanne Trautmann Banks, “Some New Woolf Letters,” Modern Fiction Studies 30 [Summer 1984], p. 193).
5. To Vanessa, Oct. 14 [1927] CHA 1/55/3/9 KCL.
6. To Julian, Oct. 16, 1927. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, eds., The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Volume III: 1923–1928 (London, 1977), p. 431.
7. To Vanessa, Nov. 22 [1927] CHA 1/55/3/9 KCL.
8. To Julian, Nov. 22, 1927. Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, III, pp. 439–40.
9. JHB 1/1/KCL.
10. To Vanessa, May 16 [1928] CHA 1/55/3/9 KCL.
11. Cambridge Review issues of Nov. 4, 1927; Jan. 20, May 18, Nov. 2, Nov. 16, 1928; Apr. 30, 1929.
12. Bell, Diary of Virginia Woolf, III, June 20, 1928, p. 187; May 12, 1929, p. 224.
13. Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 20–21.
14. W. C. Lubenow, The Cambridge Apostles, 1820–1914. (Cambridge, 1998), p. 31.
15. To Julian, June 28, 1936 CHA 1/686/1 KCL. Published in Joanne Trautmann Banks, “Some New Woolf Letters,” Modern Fiction Studies 30 (Summer 1984), p. 189.
16. JHB 3/2 KCL. “Notes for a Memoir.” Respecting the semisecret nature of the Apostles, these lines were not published in Julian Bell.
17. To Virginia, n.d., item II Monk’s House Papers, Sussex University Library.
18. Ray Monk, Ludwig Wittgenstein (New York, 1990), p. 255.
19. Miranda Carter, Anthony Blunt: His Lives (London, 2001), p. 68.
20. Bell, Diary of Virginia Woolf, III, June 16, 1929, p. 235.
21. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, eds., The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Volume VI: 1936–1941 (New York, 1980), Mar. 11, 1936, p. 20.
22. Material about the meetings from the Apostles Minutes books, Vols. XVI and XVII KCL.
23. Carter, Anthony Blunt, p. 62.
24. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, pp. 146–47.
25. See Hugh Carey, Mansfield Forbes and His Cambridge (Cambridge, 1984).
26. TW, “Nothing Venture,” Granta 7 (June 1929), p. 531, quoted in Kate Price, “Finite but Unbounded: Experiment Magazine Cambridge, England, 1928–31,” Jacket 20 (Dec. 2002).
27. To Michael Redgrave, Apr. 22 [?1930] JHB 2/44 KCL.
28. Quoted from draft letter to his mother, Aug. 11, 1938, Empson Papers, Houghton Library, Harvard, in John Haffenden, William Empson I (Oxford, 2005), p. 613.
29. Julian Bell, “A Brief View of Poetic Obscurity,” The Venture 6 (June 1930), pp. 283–88.
30. To Quentin, Feb. 6 [1930] JHB 2/5/2 KCL.
31. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 144.
32. To Vanessa, Apr. 24 [1929] CHA 1/55/8/10 KCL.
33. Cambridge Review, Mar. 7, 1930, pp. 321–22.
34. Cambridge Review, Nov. 7, 1930, p. 98.
35. To Quentin, Jan. 21, 1928, JHB 2/5/1/10 KCL.
36. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 5.
37. To Quentin, Mar. 7 [1929] JHB 2/5/2 KCL.
38. Quentin Bell, Elders and Betters (London, 1995), p. 203.
39. To Vanessa, postmark May 14, 1935 CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
40. Cambridge Review, May 3, 1929, p. 417.
41. To Vanessa, Apr. 24, 1929 CHA 1/55/3/10 KCL.
42. To Julian, May 6 [1929] Private Collection.
43. To Vanessa, May 14 [1929] CHA 1/55/3/10 KCL.
44. To Julian, May 17 [1929] Private Collection.
45. “Memoir Notes by Vanessa Bell (July 1937),” S. P. Rosenbaum, ed., The Platform of Time (London, 2008), p. 43.
46. Carter, Anthony Blunt, p. 71.
47. Ibid.
48. To Julian, n.d. CHA 1/377/4,11,14 KCL.
49. To Vanessa, Oct. 22 [1929] CHA 1/55/3/10 KCL.
50. To Julian, Oct. 30 [1929] Private Collection.
51. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell,” p. 32.
52. To Vanessa, May 22 [?1938] JHB 11/3 KCL.
53. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell,” p. 32; “Memoir Notes by Vanessa Bell (July 1937),” p. 41.
54. To Eddie [?Dec. 1930] JHB 82/8 2/32A KCL.
55. To Harold Barger, Dec. [1929] JHB 2/3A KCL.
56. To Vanessa, postmark Jan. 22, 1930 CHA 1/55/3/11 KCL.
57. To Julian, Jan. 23 [1930] Private Collection.
58. To Julian [?Feb. 1930] JHB 2/5 KCL.
59. To Julian, Mar. 27 [1930] Private Collection.
60. To Julian, Feb. 7 [1930] Private Collection.
61. See Tim Cribb, Bloomsbury and British Theatre (Cambridge, 2007), p. 69.
62. To Julian, Nov. 11 [1930] Private Collection.
63. To Helen [?Mar. 1, 1930] JHB 2/50 and X/3/1–2 KCL. All of Julian’s letters to Helen are in this designation unless indicated otherwise. They were dated by Helen.
64. To Helen, MISC 81/6 KCL.
65. To Helen, MISC 81/6 KCL.
66. To Julian, Dec. 1 [1930] Private Collection.
67. To Clive, n.d. CHA 1/55/1 KCL.
68. To Quentin, May14, 1930. Nigel Nicolson and Joanne Trautmann, eds., The Letters of Virginia Woolf, Volume IV (New York, 1979), p. 170.
69. To Julian [early summer 1930?] JHB 2/5/2 KCL.
70. To Eddie, Sept. 6 [1930] JHB 82/8 2/38A KCL.
71. To Vanessa [Sept. 1930] CHA 1/55/3/29 KCL.
72. To Harold Barger, Jan. 4 [?1931] JHB 2/3A KCL.
73. To Eddie, postmark, Oct. 11, 1930 JHB 82/8 2/38A KCL.
74. To Eddie, Dec. 22, 1930 JHB 82/8 2/38A KCL.
75. To Quentin, Jan. 1 [1931] JHB 2/5/2 KCL.
76. To Quentin, Feb. 8 [1931] 2/5/2 JHB KCL. Clive’s brother and his brother-in-law both claimed to be the last man to leave Gallipoli.
77. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 143.
78. To Lehmann, June 23, 1929 Berg Collection, New York Public Library. Hereafter cited as Berg NYPL.
79. Ibid.
80. To Howarth, Feb. 22, 1976. John Constable, ed., Selected Letters of I. A. Richards, CH (Oxford, 1990), pp. 197–98. The Howarth book was published in 1978. For an excellent discussion of Wittgenstein, Bloomsbury, and Cambridge see S. P. Rosenbaum, “Wittgenstein in Bloomsbury,” in Aspects of Bloomsbury (London, 1998).
81. Cambridge Review, Mar. 1, 1929, pp. 317–18.
82. To Lehmann, Sept. 15 [1930] Berg NYPL; in part quoted in Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 146.
83. To Lehmann, Oct. 2 [1930] Berg NYPL.
84. JHB X/3/2 KCL.
85. To Lehmann [Autumn 1930] Berg NYPL.
86. To Julian, Nov. 4, 1930 Berg NYPL.
87. To Lehmann, Nov. 5 [1930] Berg NYPL.
88. To Lehmann, July 6, 1929 Berg NYPL.
89. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 165. When A Garden Revisited was published in 1931, Lehmann sent Julian an inscribed copy with a reference to some lines meant for him. They presage the turn to politics that was taking place for both of them at this time: “Alas, my dear, experience shows / we’re not as wise as you supposed, / I, should this state of things increase / may go to war to keep the peace.” John Lehmann, A Garden Revisited (London, 1931) [Stanford University Library, Julian’s copy].
90. To Julian, Dec. 30, 1930 Berg NYPL.
91. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, pp. 172–73.
92. To Julian, Dec. 24, 1931 Berg NYPL.
93. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 174.
94. To Julian, Dec. 24, 1931 Berg NYPL.
95. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p. 182.
96. Michael Roberts, New Signatures (London, 1932), pp. 7–15.
97. Stephen Spender, World Within World (New York, 1951), p. 126.
98. Roberts, New Signatures, p. 17.
99. Forster, Goldsworthy Lowes Dickinson, pp. 207–8.
100. Anne Olivier Bell, ed., The Diary of Virginia Woolf, Volume IV: 1931–1935 (London, 1982), Dec. 28, 1935, p. 360.
101. To Lehmann [?Spring 1931] Berg NYPL.
1. Charles Mauron in conversation, Aug. 11, 1961.
2. To Julian, July 11, 1930 JHB 2/27 KCL.
3. New Statesman and Nation, Dec. 8, 1934, p. 870.
4. To Lehmann, Aug. 9, 1930 Berg NYPL.
5. The Heretics was a discussion group at Cambridge, founded in 1909, designed to sponsor both public talks and private discussions. C. K. Ogden was a cofounder and its dominant figure. In some ways, it was a much more public version of the Apostles. It believed in questioning authority, particularly religious authority, stating as one of its “Laws” that “membership of the society shall imply the rejection of all appeal to Authority in the discussion of religious questions.” Also, “the object of the society be to promote discussion problems of religion, philosophy and art.” Quoted in Sargant Florence, “The Cambridge Heretics (1909–1932),” in The Humanist Outlook, A. J. Ayer, ed. (London, 1968), p. 228. Jane Harrison was the first speaker to the group, and it maintained a special interest in the relationship of anthropology and religion. It was unusual in having a mixed membership. Virginia Woolf gave a version of “Mr. Bennett and Mrs. Brown” to it on May 18, 1924. Florence mentions some talks Julian was likely to have heard: Wittgenstein on ethics in October 1929, and Prince Mirsky on dialectical materialism in November 1931 (ibid., p. 231). He may have suggested that his uncle Adrian speak on Freudian analysis in February 1930 (p. 236). Empson was a dominant figure in the group until he was sent down from Cambridge.
6. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 7.
7. To Lehmann [Oct. 6, 1931] Berg NYPL.
8. New Statesman and Nation, Dec. 8, 1934, p. 872.
9. To Lehmann [?Spring 1931] Berg NYPL.
10. All letters between Julian and Lettice Ramsey were in a private collection and hence will not be further footnoted. Shortly, however, they will be available at the King’s College Archives Centre, Cambridge.
11. For correspondence about the publication see JHB 2/35 KCL, as well as John Dreyfus, A History of the Nonesuch Press (London, 1981).
12. To Julian, Mar. 21, 1932 JHB 2/27 KCL.
13. To Julian, Mar. 20 [1932] mssHM 57530 Huntington Library, San Marino, California.
14. To Lehmann [?July 21, 1932] Berg NYPL.
15. To Lehmann, Apr. 8, 1930 Berg NYPL.
16. See Frederick Grubb, “In but Not Of: A Study of Julian Bell,” Critical Quarterly (Summer 1960), pp. 120–26.
17. JHB 1/4/3 KCL. This file contains both the dissertation and the readings.
18. To Lettice, postmark Sept. 23, 1933.
19. To Quentin [?Spring 1931] JHB 2/5/2/11 KCL.
20. To Vanessa, postmark May 2, 1931 CHA 1/55/3/12 KCL.
21. To Julian, May 5, 1931 JHB 1/4 KCL.
22. To Julian, May 5, 11, 18, 1931 Private Collection.
23. To Quentin, Apr. 24, 1931; to Vanessa, May 23 [1931]. Letters IV, 320, 335.
24. To Vanessa, May 16 [1931] MISC 82/12 KCL.
25. To Vanessa, May 15, 1931 CHA 1/437 KCL.
26. To Vanessa, postmark May 18, 1931 CHA 1/55/3/12 KCL.
27. To Vanessa, postmark June 2, 1931 CHA 1/55/3/12 KCL.
28. I am grateful to Gregory Lucas for his research in and translation of Charles and Marie Mauron’s letters to Julian.
29. To Eddie, June 22[?] [1931] MISC 82/11 JHB 2/38A KCL.
30. To Julian, Oct. 31, 1931 Berg NYPL.
31. To F. L. Lucas, Feb. 8, 1936 JHB 2/29 KCL.
32. Lettice Ramsey, autobiographical note, Frank Ramsey Papers 3/1 KCL.
33. All quotations from Frank Ramsey papers 14/11/14 KCL.
34. The letters between Julian and Lettice were in a private collection but are now at the King’s Archive Centre.
35. To Vanessa, postmark, Apr. 19, 1932 CHA 1/55/3 KCL.
36. English Association, Poems of Today Third Series (London, 1938), p. 18.
37. See JHB 2/20 KCL.
38. Harrod, Life of John Maynard Keynes pp. 450–51.
39. To Quentin [late 1933] 2/5/3/5 JHB KCL. Quentin was very sorry to miss the confrontation about the film, writing to Julian from Switzerland: “Its maddening to be here like a bloody pupa while you organize seditious exhibitions and run over undergraduates for the greater glory of peace and mankind. Do write more about it, I only had a newspaper cutting from Nessa, what weapons did you use? Next time theres a tendentious film couldn’t you take a room above the cinema and throw down dead kittens and whatnot on the patriots?” (to Julian [late 1933] JHB 2/5 KCL).
40. Julian Bell and H. V. Kemp, on behalf of the Cambridge Student Anti-War Council, The Student Anti-War Movement (Cambridge, n.d.).
41. New Statesman and Nation, Dec. 9, 1933, pp. 731–32.
42. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, pp. 276–77.
43. J. Cornford, “The Class Front of Modern Art,” Student Vanguard no. 2, Dec. 3 [1933], pp. 9–10; “Julian Bell and John Cornford on Art,” Student Vanguard no. 2, Jan. 4 [1934], pp. 16–20. They are reprinted in Jonathan Galassi, ed., Understand the Weapon, Understand the Wound: Selected Writings of John Cornford (Manchester, 1976), pp. 46–56.
44. To Harold Barger, Dec. 20 [?1929] JHB 1/1 KCL.
45. To Quentin [?late 1933] JHB 2/5/3 KCL.
46. Cambridge Review, May 19, 1933, p. 411.
47. To Julian, n.d. JHB 1/14 KCL. Translated by Gregory Lucas.
48. See JHB 11/7 KCL, and Frances Spalding, Roger Fry: Art and Life (Berkeley, 1980), p. 272. See Stéphane Mallarmé, Poems, translated by Roger Fry, with Commentary by Charles Mauron (London, 1936).
49. To Lehmann [?1934] Berg NYPL.
50. To Quentin [?early 1934] JHB 2/5/3/7 KCL.
51. To Vanessa, postmarks May 1, 14, 1935 CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
52. To Vanessa, Oct. 13, 16 [1935] CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
53. To Julian, Sept. 23, 1933 CHA 1/229 KCL.
54. Quoted as relevant to Julian Bell in Noel Annan, Leslie Stephen (London, 1951), p. 40.
55. Julian Bell, ed., We Did Not Fight (London, 1935), pp. xi—xix.
56. To Lehmann [?Jan. 1934] Berg NYPL.
57. To Quentin [?Feb. 1935] JHB 2/5/4 KCL.
58. New Statesman and Nation, Feb. 18, 1935, p. 224.
59. To Lehmann, Berg NYPL; part quoted Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, p.
60. To Quentin, JHB 2/5/3 KCL.
61. New Statesman and Nation, May 11, 1935, p. 682.
1. To Quentin, 1934 JHB 2/5/3 KCL.
2. JHB 3/1 KCL.
3. Letters from Julian in this period are in chronological order in Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 28–187, unless otherwise indicated. The originals are in CHA 1/55/3/15–19 KCL. Minor errors in the printed versions have been corrected.
4. To Julian, Aug. 30, Sept. 3, 1935 TGA 9311/80 Tate Archives, London.
5. To Vanessa, July 27, 1937 CHA 1/462 KCL.
6. To Eddie, Mar. 20 [1936] JHB 82/9 1/38A KCL.
7. To Vanessa, Oct. 31 [1935] CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
8. To Eddie, Nov. 1 [1935] JHB 82/9 1/38A KCL.
9. To Virginia, item 7 Monk’s House Papers, Sussex University Library.
10. To Vanessa, Nov. 22, 1935 CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
11. To Vanessa, Dec. 6, 1935 CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
12. Courtesy of Sarah Knights, David Garnett Papers, Hilton Hall, Huntington, n.d.
13. To Sue, Sept. 16 [?1938], Dec. 5, 1939, Feb. 4, 1940, Aug. 25, 1940 Berg NYPL.
14. To Vanessa, n.d. CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
15. To Vanessa, Dec. 25, 1935 CHA 1/55/3/15 KCL.
16. Regina Marler, ed., Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell (New York, 1993), p. 407.
17. To Eddie, Dec. 27 [1935] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
18. To Eddie, n.d. JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
19. Harold Acton, Memoirs of an Aesthete (London, 1948), p. 378.
20. To Julian, June 7, 1936 CHA 1/3 KCL.
21. To Eddie, Feb. 3 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
22. To Eddie, Mar. 11, Apr. 6 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
23. To Frances Partridge, Partridge Papers, FCP 6/1/13 KCL. Transcription courtesy of Patricia MacGuire.
24. To Vanessa, Aug. 28, 1936.
25. To Vanessa, Sept. 16, 1936.
26. “On Roger Fry,” in Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 258–305; “The Proletariat and Poetry,” pp. 306–27; “War and Peace,” pp. 335–90.
27. To Julian, May 21, June 28, 1936 CHA 1/686/1, 4 KCL. Not in the collected letters but published in Joanne Trautmann Banks, “New Woolf Letters,” Modern Fiction Studies 30 (Summer 1984), pp. 184–91.
28. To Julian, Oct. 10, 1936 TGA/9311/63 Tate Archives, London.
29. To Vanessa, Sept. 20, 1936.
30. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell,” p. 22.
31. To Eddie, Apr. 13 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
32. To Sue [?Sept. 1937] Berg NYPL.
33. To Eddie, Sept. 25 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
34. Lehmann, Whispering Gallery, pp. 273–74.
35. To Eddie, Oct. 21 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
36. To Julian, Oct. 10, 1936 9311/63 Tate Archives, London. Published in Marler, Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell, p. 423.
37. To Vanessa, Oct. 20, 1936.
38. To Eddie, Oct. 21, 1936 JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
39. To Vanessa, Oct. 31/Nov. 1, 1936 [one letter with two dates].
40. To Eddie, Nov. 1 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
41. To Quentin, Nov. 1. 1936 JHB 100/2/5/4/17 KCL.
42. To Vanessa, Nov. 8, 1936.
43. To Eddie, Nov. 27 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
44. To Vanessa, Nov. 29, 1936.
45. To Eddie, Dec. 5 [1936], Jan. 4 [1937] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
46. To Vanessa, Apr. 3, 1936.
47. To Eddie, Nov. 12 [1936] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
48. To Sue, n.d. Berg NYPL.
49. To Sue, Dec. 24 [1936] Berg NYPL.
50. To Vanessa, Oct. 31/Nov. I, 1936 [one letter with two dates].
51. Marler, Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell, p. 428.
52. To Vanessa, Dec. 12, 1936.
53. To Eddie, Jan. 4 [1937] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
54. To Julian, Dec. 3, 1936 CHA 1/519 KCL. Published in Constable, Selected Letters of I. A. Richards, pp. 98–99.
55. To Eddie, Dec. 16 [1936], Jan. 4 [1937] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
56. To Vanessa, Nov. 29, 1936.
57. To Vanessa, Dec. 24, 1936.
58. To Virginia, n.d. item 6 Monk’s House Papers, University of Sussex.
59. To Julian, Dec. 5, 1936 JHA 1/4/6/100 KCL. Virginia’s piece in December in the Daily Worker had discussed that art had to deal with politics at the present moment but that nevertheless the crude antifascist pamphlet needed to be avoided.
60. To Virginia, Dec. 5, 1936 item 10 Monk’s House Papers, University of Sussex.
61. To Julian, dated Mar. 16, 1937, but this is an error as the letter was written while Julian was still in Wuhan. CHA 1/124 KCL.
62. To Sue, Feb. 7, 1937, Berg NYPL.
63. To Eddie, Dec. 5, 14 [1936], Jan. 9 [1937] JHB 82/9 2/38A KCL.
64. To Vanessa, July 24, 1937, CHA 1/322 KCL.
65. E. M. Forster, “Notes for a Reply,” in Bell, Julian Bell, pp. 391–92.
66. To Sue, Feb. 26 [1937] Berg NYPL.
67. To Julian, Mar. 7 [1937] TGA/9311/80 Tate Archives, London.
68. To Vanessa, Mar. 12, 1937 CHA 1/55/3/18 KCL.
69. To Vanessa, n.d. CHA 1/415 KCL. Translation by Gregory Lucas.
70. To Sue, Mar. 9 [1937] Berg NYPL.
1. To Julian, Feb. 2, 1937 JHB 2/23 KCL.
2. To Sue, Mar. 17 [1937] Berg NYPL.
3. To Vanessa, Apr. 23, 27, 1937.
4. New Statesman and Nation, June 3, 1937, pp. 934–35.
5. To Quentin, May 3, 1937.
6. Michael Straight to authors, Dec. 3, 1962. See also Michael Straight, After Long Silence (New York, 1983), p. 108.
7. To Vanessa, postmark Mar. 3, 1937.
8. David Garnett, The Familiar Faces (London, 1962), p. 166; Bell, Julian Bell, p. 8.
9. Clive Bell, War Mongers (London, 1938), pp. 2–12.
10. To Sue, Mar. 23, 30 [1937] Berg NYPL.
11. Jim Fyrth, The Signal Was Spain (London, 1986), p. 6.
12. Anne Olivier Bell, ed., The Diary of Virginia Woolf, Volume V: 1936–1941 (London, 1984), pp. 68, 86.
13. To Sue, May 5 [1937] Berg NYPL.
14. Woolf, “Memoir of Julian Bell,” pp. 28–29, 20, for this and previous quotations.
15. Richard Rees, A Theory of My Time (London, 1963), p. 95. These were Viscount Churchill, a distant cousin of Winston’s; and Cristina, Lady Hastings, the daughter-in-law of the Earl of Huntington.
16. To Eddie, Sept. 9 [1937] JHB/1/4/17 KCL.
17. Hugh Thomas, The Spanish Civil War (London, 1961), pp. 430–34.
18. Thomas, Spanish Civil War, p. 460.
19. Richard Baxell, British Volunteers in the Spanish Civil War (London, 2004), p. 85.
20. Malcolm Cowley, “To Madrid III,” New Republic, Sept. 15, 1937, p. 154; Jef Last, The Spanish Tragedy (London, 1939), p. 199.
21. Thomas, Spanish Civil War, p. 462.
22. Rees, Theory of My Time, p. 100.
23. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 364.
24. Rees, Theory of My Time, p. 101.
25. Thomas, Spanish Civil War, p. 462.
26. C. 1823 [Richard Rees], “Close-Up of a Battle,” Part I, Supplement to Adelphi 16 (Feb. 1940), pp. 11–12.
27. Dr. Gerald Shirlaw, “The Spanish Civil War” Manuscript 1/5/00 Imperial War Museum, London.
28. Dr. Reginald Saxton, Sound Archive, 13778/2, recorded 1983, 8735/09, transcribed Nov. 1984, pp. 52–53, Imperial War Museum, London.
29. The account here of Julian’s death is based on: Keynes, “Foreword,” in Bell, Julian Bell, pp. v–vi; Dr. Leonard Crome, “Letter,” New Statesman and Nation, Aug. 28, 1937, p. 308; conversations with Professor A. C. Cochrane and Dr. Philip D’Arcy Hart; Jim Fyrth, The Signal Was Spain (London, 1986), pp. 91–94; and Rees, Theory of My Time, as well as a conversation with and a letter from him, from which the quotation is taken.
30. Bell, Diary of Virginia Woolf, V, p. 106.
31. Marler, Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell, p. 439.
32. Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, VI, pp. 146, 150–51, 372, 381.
33. [Rees], “Close-Up of a Battle,” pp. 18–19.
34. To Portia Holman, Aug. 31, 1937; to Vanessa Bell, Oct. 4, 1937 CHA 1/510 KCL.
35. To Sue, Dec. 9 [1937] Berg NYPL.
36. Bell, Diary of Virginia Woolf, V, pp. 109, 113–14.
37. To Keynes, Keynes Papers PP 45/27/7/9 KCL.
38. Bell, Julian Bell, p. 195.
39. Marler, Selected Letters of Vanessa Bell, p. 401.
40. Ibid., p. 440, recipient unidentified.
41. Bell, Diary of Virginia Woolf, V, p. 108.
42. Nicolson and Trautmann, Letters of Virginia Woolf, VI, pp. 167–68.