Copyright © 2022 by Andrew Scull
Published in the United Kingdom as Desperate Remedies: Psychiatry and the Mysteries of Mental Illness by Allen Lane, an imprint of Penguin Books Ltd., a Penguin Random House Company.
All rights reserved
Cover design: Marina Drukman
978-0-674-27646-8 (EPUB)
978-0-674-27647-5 (PDF)
978-0-674-26510-3 (HARDCOVER)
The Library of Congress has cataloged the printed edition as follows:
Names: Scull, Andrew, 1947- author.
Title: Desperate remedies : psychiatry’s turbulent quest to cure mental illness / Andrew Scull.
Description: Cambridge, Massachusetts : The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 2022. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2021047502
Subjects: LCSH: Mental illness—Treatment—United States—History. | Psychiatry—United States—History. | Psychiatric ethics— United States—History.
Classification: LCC RC443 .S394 2022 | DDC 362.20973—dc23/eng/20211008
LC record available at https://