1.“Trump Hosted a Campaign Event at Dordt College,” filmed January 23, 2016, YouTube, posted November 5, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JGjpIUFNXyQ.
2.Lauren Markoe, “Trump gets official and unofficial endorsements from two leading evangelicals,” Washington Post, January 26, 2016; New York Times/CBS News Poll, New York Times, January 7–10, 2016.
3.“2016 Iowa Presidential Election Results,” Politico, updated December 13, 2016; Jessica Martínez and Gregory A. Smith, “How the faithful voted: A preliminary 2016 analysis,” Pew Research Center, November 9, 2016.
4.Jim Lobe, “Politics—U.S.: Conservative Christians Biggest Backers of Iraq War,” Inter Press Service, October 9, 2002; “The Religious Dimensions of the Torture Debate,” Pew Research Center, May 7, 2009; Dan Cox, “Young White Evangelicals: Less Republican, Still Conservative,” Pew Research Center, September 28, 2007; Kate Shellnutt, “Packing in the Pews: The Connection Between God and Guns,” Christianity Today, November 8, 2017; Betsy Cooper et al., “How Americans View Immigrants, and What They Want from Immigration Reform: Findings from the 2015 American Values Atlas,” PRRI, March 29, 2016; “Data Shows How Passionate and Partisan Americans Are About the Border Wall,” PRRI, January 8, 2019; Hannah Hartig, “Republicans turn more negative toward refugees as number admitted to U.S. plummets,” Pew Research Center, May 24, 2018; Alexander Vandermaas-Peeter et al., “American Democracy in Crisis: The Challenges of Voter, Knowledge, Participation, and Polarization,” PRRI, July 7, 2018; “How the U.S. general public views Muslims and Islam,” Pew Research Center, July 26, 2017; German Lopez, “Survey: white evangelicals think Christians face more discrimination than Muslims,” Vox, March 10, 2017; Brian Kennedy, “Most Americans trust the military and scientists to act in the public’s interests,” Pew Research Center, October 18, 2016.
5.For an overview of ways in which religion can shape “overarching attitude structures” linking domestic and foreign policy, see James L. Guth, “Religion and American Public Opinion: Foreign Policy Issues,” in The Oxford Handbook of Religion and American Politics, ed. Corwin E. Smidt, Lyman A. Kellstedt, and James L. Guth (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009), 243–65. Here, too, Guth identifies evangelical support for militant internationalism. See also Corey Rubin, The Reactionary Mind: Conservatism from Edmund Burke to Sarah Palin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2011). On the politics of Christian nationalism, see Andrew L. Whitehead, Landon Schnable, and Samuel L. Perry, “Gun Control in the Crosshairs: Christian Nationalism and Opposition to Stricter Gun Laws,” American Sociological Association 4, 2018, 1–13; Andrew L. Whitehead and Samuel L. Perry, “Is a ‘Christian America’ a More Patriarchal America? Religion, Politics, and Traditionalist Gender Ideology,” Canadian Review of Sociology, April 30, 2019; Samuel L. Perry, Andrew L. Whitehead, and Joshua T. Davis, “God’s Country in Black and Blue: How Christian Nationalism Shapes Americans’ Views about Police (Mis)treatment of Blacks,” Sociology of Race and Ethnicity, August 2, 2018; Robin, The Reactionary Mind, 16.
6.James L. Guth, “Are Evangelicals Populists? The View from the 2016 American National Election Study,” paper presented at the Henry Symposium on Religion and Public Life, Calvin College, April 27, 2019.
7.“What is an Evangelical,” National Association of Evangelicals, accessed March 15, 2018, https://www.nae.net/what-is-an-evangelical/. This definition draws on David Bebbington’s classic “quadrilateral,” introduced in his Evangelicalism in Modern Britain: A History from the 1730s to the 1980s (London: Routledge, 1989).
8.Thomas S. Kidd, “Polls show evangelicals support Trump. But the term ‘evangelical’ has become meaningless,” Washington Post, July 22, 2016; Jeremy Weber, “Christian, What Do You Believe? Probably a Heresy About Jesus, Says Survey,” Christianity Today, October 16, 2018; Bob Smietana, “What Is an Evangelical? Four Questions Offer New Definition,” Christianity Today, November 19, 2015.
9.Ed Stetzer, “No, Evangelical Does Not Mean ‘White Republican Who Supports Trump,’” Christianity Today, November 10, 2016; Anthea Butler, “The History of Black Evangelicals and American Evangelicalism,” Anthea Butler, accessed February 23, 2018, http://antheabutler.com/the-history-of-black-evangelicals-and-american-evangelicalism/; Jemar Tisby, “How Ferguson widened an enormous rift between black Christians and white evangelicals,” Washington Post, August 9, 2019; Deidra Riggs, panelist, “Still Evangelical in the Age of #MeToo?”, Calvin College Festival of Faith and Writing, April 13, 2018.
10.Like earlier fundamentalism, evangelicalism can be seen as “a web of mutually legitimating relationships.” See Molly Worthen, Apostles of Reason: The Crisis of Authority in American Evangelicalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014), 103.
11.Garry Wills, John Wayne’s America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998), 149.
12.Sara Moslener, Virgin Nation: Sexual Purity and American Adolescence (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 78.
13.Emma Green, “Why White Evangelicals Are Feeling Hopeful About Trump,” The Atlantic, December 1, 2016.
14.Robert P. Jones, “The Evangelicals and the Great Trump Hope,” New York Times, July 11, 2016.
1.Sarah Watts, Rough Rider in the White House: Theodore Roosevelt and the Politics of Desire (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2006), 6–7.
2.Gail Bederman, Manliness and Civilization: A Cultural History of Gender and Race in the United States, 1880–1917 (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1996), 170, 178, 186.
3.Watts, Rough Rider, 2.
4.Gail Bederman, “‘The Women Have Had Charge of the Church Work Long Enough’: The Men and Religion Forward Movement of 1911–1912 and the Masculinization of Middle-Class Protestantism,” American Quarterly 41, no. 3 (Sept. 1989): 432–65; Fred B. Smith, A Man’s Religion (New York: Association Press, 1913), 70; Joe Creech, “The Price of Eternal Honor: Independent White Christian Manhood in the Late Nineteenth-Century South,” in Craig Thompson Friend, Southern Masculinity: Perspectives on Manhood in the South since Reconstruction (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009), 25, 34–35.
5.Charles E. Hesselgrave, “Billy Sunday,” The Independent, February 1, 1915, 161; “40,000 Cheer for War and Religion Mixed by Sunday,” New York Times, April 9, 1917, 1.
6.Timothy E. W. Gloege, Guaranteed Pure: The Moody Bible Institute, Business, and the Making of Modern Evangelicalism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 2–11.
7.Gloege, Guaranteed Pure, 203.
8.“Has Christianity Failed, or Has Civilization Failed, or Has Man Failed?” Kings Business (November 1914), 595, quoted in Matthew Sutton, American Apocalypse: A History of Modern Evangelicalism (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014), 52, 58, 275; George M. Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture (New York: Oxford University Press, 1980), 146.
9.Owen Wister, Roosevelt: The Story of a Friendship, 1880–1919 (New York: Macmillan, 1930), 339; excerpt from Sherwood Eddy, “The Case Against War,” in The Messenger of Peace, vol. XLIX, no. 11, November 1924, 173.
10.Bruce Barton, The Man Nobody Knows (Chicago, IL: Ivan R. Dee Publishing, 1925), 4.
11.Marsden, Fundamentalism and American Culture, 149.
12.Clifford Putney, Muscular Christianity: Manhood and Sports in Protestant America, 1880–1920 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001), 205; National Association of Evangelicals for United Action Executive Committee, Evangelical Action! A Report of the Organization of the National Association of Evangelicals for United Action (Boston, MA: United Action Press, 1942), Foreword.
13.Harold John Ockenga, “Unvoiced Multitudes,” in Evangelical Action!, 20, 24–25, 36–37, 39.
14.Robert Wuthnow, Inventing American Religion: Polls, Surveys, and the Tenuous Quest for A Nation’s Faith (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 95.
15.Ockenga, “Unvoiced Multitudes,” 36–37, 39.
16.George M. Marsden, Understanding Fundamentalism and Evangelicalism (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991), 6; Grant Wacker, America’s Pastor: Billy Graham and the Shaping of a Nation (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2014), 81.
17.Wacker, America’s Pastor, 81; Graham, “Youth’s Hero,” in Calling Youth to Christ (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1947), 91, quoted in Moslener, Virgin Nation, 56; Billy Graham, “Don’t Be Like Samson” (sermon, New York City, August 11, 1957), Folder 130, Box 10, Collection 285, Billy Graham Papers, Billy Graham Center Archives, Wheaton College, Wheaton, IL, quoted in Hunter Hampton, “Man Up: Muscular Christianity and the Making of 20th-Century American Religion,” University of Missouri, 2017, 195–96; Billy Graham, The Chance of a Lifetime: Helps for Servicemen (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1952), 38, 44.
18.Harold J. Ockenga, “Letters to the Times,” New York Times, March 9, 1944, quoted in Sutton, American Apocalypse, 277–78.
19.Anne C. Loveland, American Evangelicals and the U.S. Military 1942–1993 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997), 1; Michael L. Weinstein and Davin Seay, With God on Our Side: One Man’s War Against an Evangelical Coup in America’s Military (New York: Thomas Dunne Books, 2006), 41–42.
20.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 2.
21.Moslener, Virgin Nation, 52.
22.Joel A. Carpenter, Revive Us Again: The Reawakening of American Fundamentalism (New York: Oxford University Press, 1999), 223.
23.William Martin, With God on Our Side: The Rise of the Religious Right in America (New York: Broadway Books, 1996), 29; Carpenter, Revive Us Again, 223; Moslener, Virgin Nation, 60–61.
24.Billy Graham, “The Home God Honors,” in Revival in Our Time (Wheaton, IL: Van Kampen Press, 1950), 65, 67–71.
25.Cynthia Enloe, The Morning After: Sexual Politics at the End of the Cold War (Oak-land: University of California Press, 1993), 15.
26.Darren Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt: Plain-Folk Religion, Grassroots Politics, and the Rise of Evangelical Conservatism (New York: W. W. Norton, 2012), 142.
27.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, xvi–xvii.
28.Mike Wyma, “After 80 Years, Stuart Hamblen’s Luck Is Still Holding,” Los Angeles Times, December 30, 1988.
29.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 181–82.
30.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 180; Michael S. Hamilton, “How a Humble Evangelist Changed Christianity As We Know It,” Christianity Today, Billy Graham special issue, April 2018.
31.Daniel Silliman, “Sex-and-marriage manuals and the making of an evangelical market,” paper presented at the American Historical Association, Chicago, IL, January 7, 2019.
32.Silliman, “Sex-and-marriage manuals.”
33.Rumors persist to this day that Wayne gave his life to Christ after receiving a letter from Robert Schuller’s teenage daughter, but there is no evidence to support this; Wayne did apparently convert to Catholicism shortly before his death.
34.Stanley Corkin, Cowboys as Cold Warriors: The Western and U.S. History (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press, 2004), 2.
35.Wills, John Wayne’s America, 149.
1.Billy Graham, Just As I Am (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), xvii–xxi.
2.Graham, Just As I Am, 189; Kevin M. Kruse, One Nation Under God: How Corporate America Invented Christian America (New York: Basic Books, 2015), 57–64; Daniel K. Williams, God’s Own Party: The Making of the Christian Right (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 25.
3.Williams, God’s Own Party, 27–28; Kruse, One Nation Under God, 60, 81–83, 95–125; Jeff Sharlet, The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power (New York: Harper Perennial, 2008), 195.
4.Raymond J. Haberski, God and War: American Civil Religion Since 1945 (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2012), 23; Jonathan P. Herzog, The Spiritual-Industrial Complex: America’s Religious Battle against Communism in the Early Cold War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2011); Graham, Just As I Am, 381.
5.Haberski, God and War, 52–53; Loveland, American Evangelicals, 2.
6.Williams, God’s Own Party, 31; Robert O. Self, All in the Family: The Realignment of American Democracy Since the 1960s (New York: Hill and Wang, 2012), 332.
7.Charles Reagan Wilson, Baptized in Blood: The Religion of the Lost Cause, 1865–1920 (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2009); Jemar Tisby, The Color of Compromise: The Truth about the American Church’s Complicity in Racism (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2019), 149.
8.Williams, God’s Own Party, 29–31.
9.Williams, God’s Own Party, 69.
10.Matthew Avery Sutton, “Billy Graham was on the wrong side of history,” Guardian, February 21, 2018.
11.Randall Balmer, “The Real Origins of the Religious Right,” Politico, May 27, 2014.
12.Williams, God’s Own Party, 57.
13.Corkin, Cowboys as Cold Warriors, 198; Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 219–22.
14.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 224.
15.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 235–36.
16.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 238.
17.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 206–9.
18.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 187, 247.
19.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 253; “Ronald Reagan: A Time for Choosing,” American Rhetoric, October 27, 1964, http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/ronaldreaganatimeforchoosing.htm.
20.Williams, God’s Own Party, 76–78; Steven P. Miller, Billy Graham and the Rise of the Republican South (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009), 102–6.
21.Miller, Billy Graham, 82.
22.Williams, God’s Own Party, 91–93.
23.Miller, Billy Graham, 74; Loveland, American Evangelicals, 131; Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 333. On Nixon’s embrace of born-again language, see Graham to Nixon, July 14, 1956, Nixon Notebook 10, Collection 685, Billy Graham Archives, and the November 1962 issue of Decision magazine; I am indebted to Daniel Silliman for directing me to these sources.
24.Williams, God’s Own Party, 95–96.
25.Mark Lempke, My Brother’s Keeper: George McGovern and Progressive Christianity (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2017); George McGovern, “Address Accepting the Presidential Nomination at the Democratic National Convention in Miami Beach, Florida, July 14, 1972, The American Presidency Project, https://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/documents/address-accepting-the-presidential-nomination-the-democratic-national-convention-miami; “George McGovern and Wheaton College,” Buswell Library Special Collections, Wheaton College, https://recollections.wheaton.edu/2012/10/george-mcgovern-and-wheaton-college/.
26.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 334.
27.John G. Turner, Bill Bright & Campus Crusade for Christ: The Renewal of Evangelicalism in Postwar America (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008), 144; Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 236.
28.Williams, God’s Own Party, 102.
29.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 155, 161–62.
30.Graham, Just As I Am, 197; Loveland, American Evangelicals, 121–22.
31.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 161–62.
32.Billy Graham, “Billy Graham: On Calley,” New York Times, April 9, 1971, 31.
33.Wacker, America’s Pastor, 236; “Are Churchmen Failing Servicemen in Viet Nam?” Christianity Today, August 18, 1967, 31.
34.Andrew J. Bacevich, The New American Militarism: How Americans Are Seduced by War (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 70, 123; Andrew Preston, Sword of the Spirit, Shield of Faith: Religion in American War and Diplomacy (New York: Anchor Books, 2012), 533.
35.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 164; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 140.
36.“Chicago Declaration of Evangelical Social Concern (1973),” Evangelicals for Social Action, November 25, 1973, https://www.evangelicalsforsocialaction.org/about-esa/history/chicago-declaration-evangelical-social-concern/.
37.Self, All in the Family, 302.
38.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 123.
39.Bryan Smith, “Let Us Prey: Big Trouble at First Baptist Church,” Chicago Magazine, December 11, 2012.
40.Jack Hyles, How to Rear Children (Hammond, IN: Hyles-Anderson Publishers, 1972), 172.
41.Smith, “Let Us Prey”; Hyles, How to Rear Children, 97, 158.
42.Chris Enss and Howard Kazanjian, The Young Duke: The Early Life of John Wayne (Guilford, CT: Globe Pequot Press, 2007), 142, 144; Wills, John Wayne’s America, 13, 202.
43.Wills, John Wayne’s America, 228, 233; George Fowler, “John Wayne at 70: The Meaning of an American Man,” Human Events, May 28, 1977. Representative Jack Kemp entered Fowler’s article into the Congressional Record the week of Wayne’s seventieth birthday (Congressional Record: Extensions of Remarks, May 24, 1977, https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GPO-CRECB-1977-pt13/pdf/GPO-CRECB-1977-pt13-5-3.pdf).
44.Bill McCloud, What Should We Tell Our Children About Vietnam? (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1989), 87; Wills, John Wayne’s America, 12, 110, 150.
45.Wills, John Wayne’s America, 13.
46.Wills, John Wayne’s America, 13, 156.
47.Fowler, “Meaning of an American Man”; “Playboy Interview: John Wayne,” Playboy, May 1971, 80–82.
48.“Playboy Interview,” 80, 84.
49.“Playboy Interview,” 82, 84; Fowler, “Meaning of an American Man.”
50.“Playboy Interview,” 76, 78.
51.Fowler, “Meaning of an American Man.”
52.Alan Bean, “Jesus and John Wayne: Must we choose?” Baptist News Global, October 31, 2016.
1.Jean Marbella, “Totally Marabel,” Sun Sentinel, September 11, 1985; Marabel Morgan, The Total Woman (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming Revell, 1973); Silliman, “Sex-and-marriage manuals.”
2.Morgan, Total Woman, 39, 61, 65, 84.
3.Morgan, Total Woman, 69, 92–95; Marbella, “Totally Marabel.”
4.Morgan, Total Woman, 99, 109–10, 112, 127, 183.
5.Morgan, Total Woman, 148, 184.
6.Morgan, Total Woman, 188; Marbella, “Totally Marabel”; Silliman, “Sex-and-Marriage Manuals.”
7.Elisabeth Elliot, Let Me Be a Woman (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1976), 27, 62, 107, 141, 178, 180.
8.Elliot, Let Me Be a Woman, 60, 121, 124.
9.Elliot, Let Me Be a Woman, 81–83, 158.
10.Carol Felsenthal, The Sweetheart of the Silent Majority: The Biography of Phyllis Schlafly (New York: Doubleday, 1981).
11.Douglas Martin, “Phyllis Schlafly, ‘First Lady’ of a Political March to the Right, Dies at 92,” New York Times, September 5, 2016.
12.Mark DePue, Interview with Phyllis Schlafly, Interview Session 03 (Audio), Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library and Museum, January 14, 2011, https://multimedia.illinois.gov/hpa/Oral_History/Statecraft/ERA/Schlafly_Phy_03.mp3; Carol Felsenthal, “The Phyllis Schlafly I Knew,” Chicago Magazine, September 7, 2016.
13.Phyllis Schlafly, “What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights’ for Women?” Phyllis Schlafly Report, February 1972.
14.Schlafly, “What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights.’”
15.Williams, God’s Own Party, 111–20; Neil J. Young, We Gather Together: The Religious Right and the Problem of Interfaith Politics (New York: Oxford University Press, 2016), 103.
16.Schlafly, “What’s Wrong with ‘Equal Rights.’”
17.Donald G. Mathews and Jane Sherron De Hart, Sex, Gender, and the Politics of ERA: A State and the Nation (New York: Oxford University Press, 1990), 164–65.
18.Phyllis Schlafly, The Power of the Positive Woman (New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1977), 11.
19.Schlafly, Power of the Positive Woman, 166–72.
20.Mathews and De Hart, Sex, Gender, and the Politics of ERA, 174.
21.Mathews and De Hart, Sex, Gender, and the Politics of ERA, 165, 174.
22.Danielle McGuire, At the Dark End of the Street: Black Women, Rape and Resistance (New York: Vintage, 2010); Mathews and De Hart, Sex, Gender, and the Politics of ERA, 165.
23.Felsenthal, Sweetheart of the Silent Majority, 4–5.
24.Felsenthal, Sweetheart of the Silent Majority, 52–53.
25.Alan Wolfe, “Mrs. America,” New Republic, October 3, 2005.
1.Julie J. Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom: Inside the World of Christian Reconstruction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2015), 17–18, 42, 218–27; Michael J. McVicar, Christian Reconstructionism: R. J. Rushdoony and American Religious Conservatism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2015), 137.
2.Rousas John Rushdoony, The Institutes of Biblical Law (Philadelphia: Presbyterian and Reformed Publishing, 1973), 200–203, quoted in Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 43–44.
3.Bryan Smith, “The Cult Next Door,” Chicago Magazine, June 20, 2016.
4.Don Veinot, Joy Veinot, and Ron Henzel, A Matter of Basic Principles: Bill Gothard and the Christian Life (Lombard, IL: Midwest Christian Outreach, 2003), 53–54.
5.Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 110.
6.McVicar, Christian Reconstructionism, 197–98; Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 1.
7.Dan Gilgoff, The Jesus Machine: How James Dobson, Focus on the Family, and Evangelical America Are Winning the Culture War (New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007), 21, 23; James Dobson, Dare to Discipline (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1970), 23.
8.Seth Dowland, Family Values and the Rise of the Christian Right (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2015), 87.
9.Tim Stafford, “His Father’s Son: The Drive Behind James Dobson, Jr.,” Christianity Today, April 22, 1988, 16.
10.Dale Buss, Family Man: The Biography of Dr. James Dobson (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2005), 18, 33; Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 20.
11.Dobson, Dare to Discipline, 6, 81–82; Buss, Family Man, 44.
12.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 20–23.
13.Susan B. Ridgely, Practicing What the Doctor Preached: At Home with Focus on the Family (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 29; Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 24.
14.Self, All in the Family, 314–15.
15.Gail Collins, When Everything Changed: The Amazing Journey of American Women from 1960 to the Present (New York: Little, Brown, 2009), 288; Self, All in the Family, 310, 338; W. Bradford Wilcox, Soft Patriarchs, New Men: How Christianity Shapes Fathers and Husbands (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2004), 202.
16.James Dobson, What Wives Wish Their Husbands Knew about Women (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 1975), 62, 64, 114; James Dobson, Straight Talk to Men and Their Wives (Waco, TX: Word Books, 1980), 168.
17.Dobson, Straight Talk, 22–23, 69, 155, 157, 159; What Wives Wish, 35, 140.
18.Dobson, Straight Talk, 23, 157, 168.
19.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 9.
20.Dowland, Family Values, 88; Ridgely, Practicing What the Doctor Preached, 4–5, 28, 32–34; Corwin E. Smidt, American Evangelicals Today (New York: Rowan & Littlefield, 2013), 4.
21.Ridgely, Practicing What the Doctor Preached, 34–35; Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 26–28; Dowland, Family Values, 86.
22.Stafford, “His Father’s Son”; Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 7.
23.Colleen McDannell, “Women, Girls, and Focus on the Family,” in Women and Twentieth-Century Protestantism, ed. Margaret Lamberts Bendroth and Virginia Lieson Brereton (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2002), 115; George Lakoff, Moral Politics: How Liberals and Conservatives Think (Chicago: University of Chicago, 1996); John C. Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars: Dispatches from the Front (New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 1996), 81.
1.Jason C. Bivins, Religion of Fear: The Politics of Horror in Conservative Evangelicalism (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008), 194–95; Tim LaHaye and Jerry B. Jenkins, Glorious Appearing: The End of Days (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2004), 204, 225–26, quoted in Bivins, Religion of Fear, 207–8; Jennie Chapman, Plotting Apocalypse: Reading, Agency, and Identity in the Left Behind Series (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2013), 4.
2.Tim LaHaye, How to Be Happy Though Married (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1968).
3.“The Morals Revolution on the U.S. Campus,” Newsweek, April 6, 1964, quoted in R. Marie Griffith, Moral Combat: How Sex Divided American Christians and Fractured American Politics (New York: Basic Books, 2017), 155–56.
4.Griffith, Moral Combat, 172–73, 177, 198–99; “The Sins of Billy James,” Time, February 16, 1976, 68.
5.Tim and Beverly LaHaye, The Act of Marriage: The Beauty of Sexual Love (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1976), 97.
6.LaHaye and LaHaye, Act of Marriage, 22–25, 36.
7.LaHaye and LaHaye, Act of Marriage, 234–91.
8.LaHaye and LaHaye, Act of Marriage, 38, 133.
9.Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars, 81.
10.Tim LaHaye, The Battle for the Mind (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1980), 142.
11.LaHaye, Battle for the Mind, 154; Tim LaHaye, The Battle for the Family (Old Tappan, NJ: Fleming H. Revell, 1982), 108–9, 127–31.
12.Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 22–23, 26–38.
13.David D. Kirkpatrick, “The 2004 Campaign: The Conservatives; Club of the Most Powerful Gathers in Strictest Privacy,” New York Times, August 28, 2014; Larry Eskridge, “And, the Most Influential American Evangelical of the last 25 Years Is. . .” Evangelical Studies Bulletin, Winter 2001, 3.
14.Williams, God’s Own Party, 43–45.
15.Michelle Goldberg, Kingdom Coming: The Rise of Christian Nationalism (New York: W. W. Norton, 2006), 11; Peter Steinfels, “Moral Majority to Dissolve; Says Mission Accomplished,” New York Times, June 12, 1989; Frances FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army,” The New Yorker, May 18, 1981.
16.Jerry Falwell, Listen, America! (New York: Doubleday, 1980), Author’s Note; 72, 130–31.
17.Falwell, Listen, America!, 19, 123, 132.
18.Falwell, Listen, America!, 16–17, 98.
19.FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
20.Jerry Falwell, “Segregation or Integration—Which?” quoted in Williams, God’s Own Party, 46; FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
21.FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
22.FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
23.FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
24.Self, All in the Family, 336–37.
25.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 31.
26.Jackson Katz, Man Enough? Donald Trump, Hillary Clinton, and the Politics of Presidential Masculinity (Northampton, MA: Olive Branch Press, 2016), 75–76.
1.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 392.
2.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 393; Ronald Reagan, “Address by the Honorable Ronald Reagan,” Institute for Civic Leadership, August 5, 1980, https://uindy.historyit.com/item.php?id=795341.
3.Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars, 20; Dowland, Family Values, 151; Williams, God’s Own Party, 191; Reagan, “Address by the Honorable Ronald Reagan.”
4.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 135.
5.Ronald Reagan, “Election Eve Address, ‘A Vision for America,’” The American Presidency Project, November 3, 1980, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=85199.
6.Katz, Man Enough, 83–84; “Playboy Interview,” 84.
7.Katz, Man Enough, 109–10; 83.
8.Katz, Man Enough, 77; Dowland, Family Values, 177.
9.Self, All in the Family, 359; Williams, God’s Own Party, 193.
10.Frances FitzGerald, The Evangelicals: The Struggle to Shape America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018), 312.
11.Miller, Billy Graham, 124–54; James L. Guth, “Southern Baptist Clergy, the Christian Right, and Political Activism in the South,” in Politics and Religion in the White South, ed. Glenn Feldman (Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2005), 192; FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 332.
12.Seth Dowland, “A New Kind of Patriarchy: Inerrancy and Masculinity in the Southern Baptist Convention, 1879–2000,” in Friend, Southern Masculinity, 247.
13.Dowland, “New Kind of Patriarchy,” 248–50; Paul D. Simmons, “A Theological Response to Fundamentalism on the Abortion Issue,” quoted in Barry Hankins, Uneasy in Babylon: Southern Baptist Conservatives and American Culture (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2002), 177.
14.Dowland, “New Kind of Patriarchy,” 252–53.
15.Elizabeth H. Flowers, Into the Pulpit: Southern Baptist Women and Power Since World War II (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2012), 5, 73–81.
16.Dowland, “New Kind of Patriarchy,” 255; Flowers, Into the Pulpit, 9–10.
17.Williams, God’s Own Party, 188, 192.
18.Dochuk, From Bible Belt to Sunbelt, 396; Williams, God’s Own Party, 194.
19.Williams, God’s Own Party, 188, 197; Self, All in the Family, 360.
20.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 136.
21.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 214–15; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 135; John Price, America at the Crossroads: Repentance or Repression? (Indianapolis, IN: Christian House Publishing, 1976), 202; Jerry Falwell, Listen, America!, 9–10; Hal Lindsey, The 1980s: Countdown to Armageddon (King of Prussia, PA: Westgate Press, 1980), 165; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 135.
22.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 222–23.
23.Dowland, Family Values, 191–92; “SALT II: The Only Alternative to Annihilation?” Christianity Today, March 27, 1981, 15; Loveland, American Evangelicals, 223.
24.Ronald Reagan, “Evil Empire Speech,” Voices of Democracy, March 8, 1983, http://voicesofdemocracy.umd.edu/reagan-evil-empire-speech-text/.
25.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 137; Dowland, Family Values, 195–97; Young, We Gather Together, 238.
26.Lauren Frances Turek, “Ambassadors for the Kingdom of God or for America? Christian Nationalism, the Christian Right, and the Contra War,” Religions 7 (12), 2016, http://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/7/12/151/htm.
27.Turek, “Ambassadors for the Kingdom.”
28.Turek, “Ambassadors for the Kingdom”; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 137.
29.Turek, “Ambassadors for the Kingdom.”
30.David E. Rosenbaum, “Iran-Contra Hearings: Tension and High Drama; North Insists His Superiors Backed Iran-Contra Deals; Assumes Reagan Approved,” New York Times, July 8, 1987; “North on the ‘Neat Idea’ of the Diversion,” “North on His Family’s Safety and Meeting Abu Nidal,” “North on Getting Fired and Covering Up the Diversion,” Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs, July 8–9, 1987, https://www.brown.edu/Research/Understanding_the_Iran_Contra_Affair/v-on13.php.
1.David Bauder, “‘Olliemania’ Fades Away,” AP News, September 4, 1987.
2.Donald P. Baker, “Falwell Defends North, Compares Him to ‘Savior,’” Washington Post, May 3, 1988.
3.Baker, “Falwell Defends North.”
4.“Religious Right Drums Up Support for North,” Los Angeles Times, September 3, 1988.
5.Highlights of North’s Testimony,” Washington Post, July 14, 1987; Ben Bradlee Jr., Guts and Glory: The Rise and Fall of Oliver North (New York: Donald I. Fine, 1988), 21–23, 27, 33.
6.Bradlee, Guts and Glory, 64–65.
7.Bradlee, Guts and Glory, 62, 65, 86, 96–97.
8.Bradlee, Guts and Glory, 101–2, 87, 99.
9.Bradlee, Guts and Glory, 115, 418–19; “Religious Right Drums Up Support for North”; “North spreads religious word,” GoUpstate.com, May 3, 1993.
10.Bradlee, Guts and Glory, 413–15, 420–21.
11.Walter Pincus and Dan Morgan, “Reagan ‘Never’ Briefed on Funds,” Washington Post, July 14, 1987; “North Talks to Hall After Resigning,” Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs, June 9, 1987; “Iran-Contra Hearings; The Committee’s Turn: Speeches to North,” New York Times, July 14, 1987.
12.“Southern Baptists Salute ‘Patriot’—Ollie North,” Deseret News, June 4, 1991.
13.Oliver North, with William Novak, Under Fire: An American Story (New York: HarperCollins, 1991); “North spreads religious word”; John F. Persinos, “Ollie, Inc.: how Oliver North raised over $20 million in a losing U.S. Senate race,” Campaigns & Elections, June 1, 1995.
14.Kent Jenkins Jr., “The Good, the Bad and the Ollie,” Washington Post, March 20, 1994.
15.Edwin Louis Cole, Maximized Manhood: A Guide to Family Survival (Springdale, PA: Whitaker House, 1982), 129; Ari L. Goldman, obituary of Edwin Louis Cole, New York Times, August 31, 2002.
16.Cole, Maximized Manhood, 63, 176.
17.Cole, Maximized Manhood, 35, 61, 69, 72, 77, 134, 166.
18.Cole, Maximized Manhood, 127, 129.
19.Cole, Maximized Manhood, 132.
20.Travis M. Andrews, “The Rev. Marvin Gorman, who prompted Jimmy Swaggart’s downfall in the ’80s, dies at 83,” Washington Post, January 9, 2017; Frances Frank Marcus, “Swaggart Found Liable for Defaming Minister,” New York Times, September 13, 1991.
21.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 374, 399; John Wigger, PTL: The Rise and Fall of Jim and Tammy Faye Bakker’s Evangelical Empire (New York: Oxford University Press, 2017), 127.
22.“Jessica Hahn Tells All,” Washington Post, September 23, 1987; Tim Funk, “Jessica Hahn, woman at center of televangelist’s fall 30 years ago, confronts her past,” Charlotte Observer, December 16, 2017; Andrews, “The Rev. Marvin Gorman.”
23.Joanne Kaufman, “The Fall of Jimmy Swaggart,” People, March 7, 1988; “Scandals: No Apologies This Time,” Time, October 28, 1991.
24.“Religious Right Drums Up Support.”
25.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 283–87; “Interview with Army Chief of Staff, General Wickham, with Decision Magazine, Washington, D.C., September 27, 1984,” quoted in Loveland, American Evangelicals, 275; “All Active-duty U.S. Soldiers Are Expected to See Dobson Film,” Christianity Today, October 5, 1984, 100.
26.Where’s Dad? (Army videotape) (Waco, TX), 1981, quoted in Loveland, American Evangelicals, 288.
27.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 289, 291.
28.John Grinalds, “Evangelism in Command,” Command, Spring 1985, 37–40, quoted in Loveland, American Evangelicals, 319–20.
29.Rus Walton, One Nation Under God (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, rev. ed., 1987), 7, 170, 181; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 131n29.
30.Michael Lienesch, Redeeming America: Piety and Politics in the New Christian Right (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993), 216; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 146.
1.Loveland, American Evangelicals, 224, 283–85; Kirkpatrick, “The 2004 Campaign.” The 2014 Membership Directory of the Council for National Policy was released on the website of the Southern Poverty Law Center, https://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/cnp_redacted_final.pdf, accessed April 26, 2018.
2.Katz, Man Enough, 83; FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 326–27; Andrew Hartman, A War for the Soul of America: A History of the Culture Wars, 2nd ed. (Chicago: University of Chicago, 2019), 156.
3.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 327–28.
4.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 382.
5.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 384–90.
6.Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars, 46.
7.Katz, Man Enough, 115; Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars, 271.
8.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 143.
9.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 412–18; Neil J. Young, “How George H. W. Bush enabled the rise of the religious right,” Washington Post, December 5, 2018.
10.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 419.
11.Daniel White, “A Brief History of the Clinton Family’s Chocolate-Chip Cookies,” Time, August 19, 2016.
12.Christian Smith, American Evangelicalism: Embattled and Thriving (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998); FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 420–22.
13.Phyllis Schlafly, “The New World Order Wants Your Children,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, March 1993; Phyllis Schlafly, “Are All Our Children ‘At Risk’?” Phyllis Schlafly Report, October 1995.
14.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 144; Loveland, American Evangelicals, 325–26, 340.
15.Phyllis Schlafly, “The Kelly Flinn Flim-Flam,” Eagle Forum, June 4, 1997; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 144; Phyllis Schlafly, “The United Nations—An Enemy in Our Midst,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, November 1995; Phyllis Schlafly, “U.S. Armed Services under Global Control,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, October 1997.
16.Enloe, Morning After, 30, 33, 199.
17.Schlafly, “Will We Allow Clinton to Redefine the Presidency?” Eagle Forum, February 11, 1998.
18.James Dobson, “An Evangelical Response to Bill Clinton,” 1998, in The Columbia Documentary History of Religion in America Since 1945, ed. Paul Harvey and Philip Goff (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007), 303–7.
19.Thomas B. Edsall, “Resignation ‘Too Easy,’ Robertson Tells Christian Coalition,” Washington Post, September 19, 1998; Laurie Goodstein, “The Testing of a President: The Conservatives; Christian Coalition Moans Lack of Anger at Clinton,” New York Times, September, 20, 1998; Tom Strode, “Religious leaders differ on impeachment stands,” Baptist Press, December 29, 1998; Jonathan Merritt, “Trump-Loving Christians Owe Bill Clinton an Apology,” The Atlantic, August 10, 2016.
20.Stephen J. Ducat, The Wimp Factor: Gender Gaps, Holy Wars, & the Politics of Anxious Masculinity (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2004), 10–11.
21.James Dobson, Love Must Be Tough (Waco, TX: Word Books, 1983), 149–50; Kathryn Joyce, Quiverfull: Inside the Christian Patriarchy Movement (Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2009), 84.
22.Griffith, Moral Combat, 245–50.
23.Charles Colson, “The Thomas Hearings and the New Gender Wars,” Christianity Today, November 25, 1991, 72.
24.Phyllis Schlafly, “Anita Hill Plays Phony Role—‘Damsel in Distress’—But Isn’t Convincing,” Sun Sentinel, October 17, 1991.
25.Phyllis Schlafly, “Supreme Court Upholds Constitution in VAWA Decision,” Phyllis Schlafly Eagles, May 31, 2000; Phyllis Schlafly, “Feminist Assault on Reasonableness,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, December 1996; Griffith, Moral Combat, 250–56.
26.Katz, Man Enough, 124–26.
27.Katz, Man Enough, 136.
28.Amy Sullivan, “America’s New Religion: Fox Evangelicalism,” New York Times, December 15, 2017.
29.Elisabeth Bumiller, “Evangelicals Sway White House on Human Rights Issues Abroad,” New York Times, October 26, 2003; Bacevich, New American Militarism, 143.
30.FitzGerald, Evangelicals, 421, 424.
1.Michael Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming as Masculine Renewal,” in Dane S. Claussen, ed., Standing on the Promises: The Promise Keepers and the Revival of Manhood (Cleveland: Pilgrim Press, 1999), 111–12.
2.Patricia Ireland, “A Look at ... Promise Keepers,” Washington Post, September 7, 1997; Laurie Goodstein, “Women and the Promise Keepers; Good for the Gander, but the Goose Isn’t So Sure,” New York Times, October 5, 1997.
3.Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming,” 113, 117; Bill Bright, The Coming Revival (Orlando, FL: New Life Publications, 1995), 49–58; David S. Gutterman, “Exodus and the Chosen Men of God,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 143; John Stoltenberg, “Christianity, Feminism, and the Manhood Crisis,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 102.
4.Stoltenberg, “Christianity, Feminism, and the Manhood Crisis”; John D. Keeler, Ben Fraser, and William J. Brown, “How Promise Keepers See Themselves as Men Behaving Goodly,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 79; Dane S. Claussen, “What the Media Missed about the Promise Keepers,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 29.
5.Gary Oliver, Real Men Have Feelings, Too (Chicago: Moody, 1993); John P. Bartkowski, The Promise Keepers: Servants, Soldiers, and Godly Men (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2004), 50–52.
6.Bartkowski, The Promise Keepers, 53–56.
7.Wilcox, Soft Patriarchs, 4; Bethany Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart: The Making of Christian Free Enterprise (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2009), 101–2, 143; Self, All in the Family, 324.
8.Wilcox, Soft Patriarchs, 143–50; Elizabeth Brusco, The Reformation of Machismo: Evangelical Conversion and Gender in Colombia (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1995).
9.Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming,” 115–16; Gutterman, “Exodus and the Chosen Men of God,” 143; Jeff Sharlet, C Street: The Fundamentalist Threat to American Democracy (New York: Back Bay Books, 2010), 66; Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 102.
10.Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming,” 117–18; Don McClanen, “Fellowship of Christian Athletes Founder,” Fellowship of Christian Athletes, https://www.fca.org/aboutus/who-we-are/don-mcclanen, accessed June 7, 2018; Paul Putz, “The Role of Sports Ministries in the NFL Protests,” Religion & Politics, October 17, 2017.
11.FitzGerald, “A Disciplined Charging Army.”
12.Randall Balmer, Evangelicalism in America (Waco, TX: Baylor University Press, 2016), 134–35; Randall Balmer, “Keep the Faith and Go the Distance,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 201.
13.Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming,” 116, 118; Judith L. Newton, “A Reaction to Declining Market and Religious Influence,” in Claussen, Standing on the Promises, 40; Marcia Slacum Greene and Hamil R. Harris, “Preaching a Promise of Inclusiveness,” Washington Post, September 25, 1997.
14.John Trent, ed., Go the Distance: The Making of a Promise Keeper (Colorado Springs, CO: Focus on the Family Publishing, 1996); Keeler et al., “How Promise Keepers,” 82; Claussen, “What the Media Missed,” 18.
15.Claussen, “What the Media Missed,” 18–19.
16.Claussen, “What the Media Missed,” 28–29.
17.Steve Rabey, “Where Is the Christian Men’s Movement Headed?” Christianity Today, April 29, 1996, 60; Kimmel, “Patriarchy’s Second Coming,” 113.
18.Leanne Payne, Crisis in Masculinity (Westchester, IL: Crossway Books, 1985); Gordon Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul: God’s Restoration of Men to Real Manhood, rev. ed. (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2003), x.
19.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (2003), x.
20.Gordon Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul: An Affirming Message for Men and the Women Who Love Them (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1988), 118–19.
21.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (1988), 9, 21, 120.
22.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (1988), 9–10, 43–46, 61, 75, 120–21, 123.
23.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (1988), 76, 128–29.
24.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (1988), 132–33.
25.Steve Farrar, Point Man: How a Man Can Lead His Family (Sisters, OR: Multnomah, 1990), 16–17, 24, 183.
26.Farrar, Point Man, 13, 24, 201–3, 205, 207–8; Dobson, Straight Talk, 21, quoted in Farrar, Point Man, 13.
27.Stu Weber, Tender Warrior: Every Man’s Purpose, Every Woman’s Dream, Every Child’s Hope (Sisters, OR: Multnomah, 2006), 18.
28.Weber, Tender Warrior, 18, 45, 92, 100–101, 104, 114, 120.
29.Weber, Tender Warrior, 34–43, 74–75, 207–9.
30.Weber, Tender Warrior, 69–71.
31.Weber, Tender Warrior, 172, 176.
32.Farrar, Point Man, 56–57.
33.“Our History,” CBMW.org, https://cbmw.org/about/history/, accessed February 17, 2019.
34.Council on Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, “Danvers Statement,” CBMW.org, https://cbmw.org/about/danvers-statement, accessed February 17, 2019.
35.John Piper, “A Vision of Biblical Complementarity: Manhood and Womanhood Defined According to the Bible,” in John Piper and Wayne Grudem, ed., Recovering Biblical Manhood and Womanhood: A Response to Evangelical Feminism (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 1991), 48, 53.
36.Bob Miller, “Resolution on Women in Combat,” CBMW News, 6, http://cbmw.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/2-2.pdf#page=5, accessed June 8, 2018.
37.Dowland, “New Kind of Patriarchy,” 254, 260; Flowers, Into the Pulpit, 129.
38.Dowland, Family Values, 140; Flowers, Into the Pulpit, 145.
39.Herb Hollinger, “Biblical manhood, womanhood conference makes note of Southern Baptists’ stance,” Baptist Press, March 23, 2000; Kevin Giles, The Rise and Fall of the Complementarian Doctrine of the Trinity (Eugene, OR: Cascade Books, 2017), 60.
40.Jared Burkholder, “Before ‘true love waits’ there was Josh McDowell and Petra,” Patheos, January 8, 2019, https://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2019/01/before-true-love-waits-there-was-josh-mcdowell-and-petra/.
41.Burkholder, “Before ‘true love waits.’”
42.Moslener, Virgin Nation, 109, 113–16.
1.Douglas Leblanc, “Wildheart,” Christianity Today, August 1, 2004, 33; John Eldredge, Wild at Heart: Discovering the Secret of a Man’s Soul (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2001); Jonathan Merritt, “The book that revolutionized ‘Christian manhood’: 15 years after ‘Wild at Heart,’” Religion News Service, April 22, 2016.
2.Eldredge, Wild at Heart, 9, 83.
3.Eldredge, Wild at Heart, 6–9, 68, 79–80, 84, 175.
4.Eldredge, Wild at Heart, Introduction, 11–12.
5.Eldredge, Wild at Heart, 15–16, 36, 51, 180–82; Sharlet, The Family, 332–33.
6.Randy L. Stinson, “Is God Wild at Heart? A Review of John Eldredge’s Wild at Heart,” Journal for Biblical Manhood and Womanhood 08:2 (Fall 2003), 55.
7.Mark Mulder and James K. A. Smith, “Are Men Really Wild at Heart?” Perspectives: A Journal of Reformed Thought, October 16, 2004.
8.James C. Dobson, Bringing Up Boys (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2001), 19, 26, 39.
9.Dobson, Bringing Up Boys, 23, 27, 68, 148.
10.Dobson, Bringing Up Boys, 13–15, 76, 120, 151, 161–62, 165, 179, 194–95, 228.
11.Dobson, Bringing Up Boys, back cover, front matter.
12.Molly Worthen, “The Controversialist,” Christianity Today, April 17, 2009, 42–49.
13.Douglas Wilson, Future Men: Raising Boys to Fight Giants (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 2012), 10–16, 125, 130–31.
14.Douglas Wilson, Federal Husband (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 1999), 63, 80–82; Douglas Wilson, Reforming Marriage (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 1995), 16, 19; Douglas Wilson, Fidelity (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 1999), 45–46, 64, 75–76; Douglas Wilson, Her Hand in Marriage: Biblical Courtship in the Modern World (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 1997), 74–75.
15.Wilson, Reforming Marriage, 22–23, 28, 139; Wilson, Federal Husband, 36; Wilson, Fidelity, 76.
16.Katz, Man Enough, 170.
17.Phyllis Schlafly, “Feminism Meets Terrorism,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, July 2002; Phyllis Schlafly, “The Premier American Hero—George Washington,” Phyllis Schlafly Report, May 2002.
18.Steve Farrar, King Me: What Every Son Wants and Needs from His Father (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 2005), 116, 120, 124–28.
19.Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (1988), 176; Dalbey, Healing the Masculine Soul (2003), 188, 120.
20.Paul Coughlin, No More Christian Nice Guy: When Being Nice—Instead of Good—Hurts Men, Women and Children (Bloomington, MN: Bethany House Publishers, 2007), 26–27, 49, 51, 149–51.
21.David Murrow, Why Men Hate Going to Church (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2011), 21, 27, 97, 135, 143–44, 149; Amazon author biography, https://www.amazon.com/Why-Men-Hate-Going-Church/dp/B0086KHTOQ/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_14_t_0?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=9SAB0J9MX3FNSYNXGTD8, accessed November 18, 2018.
22.Robert Lewis, Raising a Modern-Day Knight: A Father’s Role in Guiding His Son to Authentic Manhood (Colorado Springs, CO: Focus on the Family, 1997), 121, 123, 135; Jenny Jarvie and Stephanie Simon, “Manliness is next to godliness,” Los Angeles Times, December 7, 2006. On the “Braveheart games,” see Lyndon Christian School Home Bulletin, December 2006/January 2007, 14; Jeff Sharlet, “Teenage Holy War,” Rolling Stone, April 19, 2007.
23.Bartkowski, The Promise Keepers, 6; David Murrow, Why Men, 229; Jarvie and Simon, “Manliness is next to godliness”; Charles Honey, “United Against Evil: Promise Keepers says its Ministry is Needed now More Than Ever,” Grand Rapids Press, 2005, reposted at Men’s Resource Center of West Michigan, https://menscenter.org/promise-keepers/, accessed July 24, 2019.
24.David W. Moore, “Eight of 10 Americans Support Ground War in Afghanistan,” Gallup.com, November 1, 2001; NPR, “Profile: Silent Evangelical Support of Bush’s Proposed War Against Iraq,” Morning Edition, February 26, 2003.
25.Richard Land, “The so-called ‘Land Letter,’” Dr. Richard Land, October 3, 2002, http://www.drrichardland.com/press/entry/the-so-called-land-letter; NPR, “Profile: Silent Evangelical.”
26.Jim Lobe, “Politics—U.S.: Conservative Christians Biggest Backers of Iraq War,” Inter Press Service, October 9, 2002; “War Concerns Grow, But Support Remains Steadfast,” Pew Research Center, April 3, 2003; NPR, “Profile: Silent Evangelical.”
27.Jerry Falwell, “God is Pro-War,” WND, January 31, 2004, http://www.wnd.com/2004/01/23022/.
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1.Jarvie and Simon, “Manliness is next to godliness”; John Donvan, “Christian Men ... Too Wimpy?” ABC News, March 15, 2007; Lillian Daniel, “Missing Men,” Christian Century, April 2, 2007, 20.
2.R. M. Schneiderman, “Flock Is Now a Fight Team in Some Ministries,” New York Times, February 1, 2010.
3.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 34–35; “U.S. Department of Education, 1.5 Million Homeschooled Students in the United States in 2007” (NCES 2009-030), 2008, https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2009/2009030.pdf; Jaweed Kaleem, “Homeschooling Without God,” The Atlantic, March 30, 2016.
4.Smith, “The Cult Next Door.”
5.Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 140–41, 144; Doug Phillips, The Little Boy Down the Road: Short Stories & Essays on the Beauty of Family Life (San Antonio, TX: Vision Forum, 2008), 183–85; Doug Phillips, Poems for Patriarchs (San Antonio, TX: Vision Forum 2002), front panel, 3–4, 14, 59–60, 103–4.
6.Joyce, Quiverfull, 5; Ingersoll, Building God’s Kingdom, 143; “The All-American Boy’s Adventure Catalog,” Vision Forum, March 20, 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090320183141/http://www.visionforum.com/boysadventure; “Beautiful Girlhood Collection,” Vision Forum, April 1, 2009, https://web.archive.org/web/20090401013608/http://www.visionforum.com/beautifulgirlhood; Julie Ingersoll, “Doug Phillips: The Big Scandal You Didn’t Hear About and Why It Matters,” Huffpost, November 6, 2013; Libby Anne, “Kirk Cameron’s Insidious Christian Patriarchy Connections,” Patheos, March 8, 2012, https://www.patheos.com/blogs/lovejoyfeminism/2012/03/kirk-cameron-seriously-why-are-we-surprised.html.
7.Joyce, Quiverfull, 134, 172.
8.Goldberg, Kingdom Coming, 4.
9.Sharlet, The Family, 233–36, 322–35, 345–56.
10.Jessica Johnson, Biblical Porn: Affect, Labor, and Pastor Mark Driscoll’s Evangelical Empire (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2018), 23–25, 28.
11.Brandon O’Brien, “A Jesus for Real Men,” Christianity Today, April 18, 2008, 49; Mark Driscoll and G. Breshears, Vintage Jesus: Timeless Answers to Timely Questions (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2008), 11, 31, 43, 150.
12.Johnson, Biblical Porn, 30–33; Driscoll, Vintage Jesus, 127–29; Mark Driscoll, “Men and Masculinity: Proverbs,” YouTube, filmed 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-X5ajR206E.
13.Mark Driscoll, “Sex: A study of the Good Bits of Song of Solomon,” YouTube, published March 13, 2014, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J8sNVDyW-ws&has_verified=1.
14.Matthew Paul Turner, “Mark Driscoll’s Pussified Nation,” Matthew Paul Turner, July 29, 2014, http://matthewpaulturner.com/2014/07/29/mark-driscolls-pussified-nation/.
15.Turner, “Mark Driscoll’s Pussified Nation”; Johnson, Biblical Porn, 52; Jason Molinet, “Seattle-based Mars Hill Church reeling after founding pastor calls women ‘homes’ for God’s penis,” New York Daily News, September 10, 2014.
16.Mark Driscoll, Confessions of a Reformission Reverend: Hard Lessons from an Emerging Missional Church (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2006), 129–32, quoted in Johnson, Biblical Porn, 58–59.
17.Johnson, Biblical Porn, 46–47, 53.
18.Johnson, Biblical Porn, 65–69.
19.Turner, “Mark Driscoll’s Pussified Nation”; Al Mohler Q&A in David Murray, “Al Mohler on Mark Driscoll,” HeadHeartHand, October 7, 2011, http://headhearthand.org/blog/2011/10/07/al-mohler-on-mark-driscoll/.
20.Name withheld, email correspondence with the author, February 25, 2019.
21.Zach Hoag, “Smokin’ Hot Wives and Water to the Soul,” Huffington Post, April 25, 2013, updated June 25, 2013; 2019; Mary DeMeuth, “The Sexy Wife I Can’t Be,” A Deeper Story, February 26, 2013, http://deeperstory.com/the-sexy-wife-i-cant-be/, accessed June 20, 2019.
22.Collin Hansen, “Young, Restless, Reformed,” Christianity Today, September 22, 2006, 32–38.
23.Steve Chalke and Alan Mann, The Lost Message of Jesus (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2004), 182–83; Colin Hansen, Young, Restless, Reformed: A Journalist’s Journey with the New Calvinists (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2008), 44; John Piper, “‘The Frank and Manly Mr. Ryle’—The Value of a Masculine Ministry,” Desiring God 2012 Conference for Pastors, January 31, 2012, https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/the-frank-and-manly-mr-ryle-the-value-of-a-masculine-ministry.
24.Roger E. Olson, “What Attracts People Into the Young, Restless, Reformed Movement?” Patheos, March 14, 2014, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/rogereolson/2014/03/what-attracts-people-into-the-young-restless-reformed-movement/.
25.Yoshito Noguchi, “Celebrate our 600th Church,” Acts 29, August 2, 2016, accessed June 21, 2018, http://www.acts29.com/celebrate-600th-church/; “About,” Acts 29, accessed June 21, 2018, http://www.acts29.com/about/; Jonathan Merritt, “The Gospel Coalition and how (not) to engage culture,” Religion News Service, June 6, 2016.
26.Hansen, Young, Restless, Reformed, 19, 32, 133, 136; Matt Smethurst, “Where Did All These Calvinists Come From?” The Gospel Coalition, October 23, 2013, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/where-did-all-these-calvinists-come-from/.
27.Hansen, Young, Restless, Reformed, 107; David Van Bierma, “The New Calvinism,” Time, March 12, 2009.
28.Hansen, Young, Restless, Reformed, 103.
29.Wilson, Federal Husband, 22–23, 27, 44–45, 98; Wilson, Fidelity, 107; Douglas Wilson, For Kirk & Covenant (Nashville, TN: Cumberland House Publishing, 2000), 183.
30.Douglas Wilson, Southern Slavery as It Was (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 1996), 13, 22–25, 38; Wilson, Black & Tan: A Collection of Essays and Excursions on Slavery, Culture War, and Scripture in America (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 2005), 19, 52.
31.Keith Throop, “Disappointed in John Piper’s Judgment About Doug Wilson,” Reformed Baptist Blog, June 26, 2009, https://reformedbaptistblog.com/2009/06/26/disappointed-in-john-pipers-judgment-about-doug-wilson/; Tony Reinke, “The Church and the World: Homosexuality, Abortion, and Race with John Piper and Douglas Wilson,” Desiring God, October 4, 2013, http://www.desiringgod.org/articles/the-church-and-the-world-homosexuality-abortion-and-race-with-john-piper-and-douglas-wilson.
32.Davey Henreckson, interview with the author, September 15, 2017; Douglas Wilson, Evangellyfish (Moscow, ID: Canon Press, 2011).
33.Hansen, Young, Restless, Reformed, 139; Rachel Marie Stone, “John Piper and the Rise of Biblical Masculinity,” Christianity Today, February 9, 2012.
1.Jeff Sharlet, “Soldiers of Christ,” Harper’s, May 2005, 42.
2.Suzanne Goldenberg, “Evangelicals start soul-searching as prospect of Obama win risks Christian gains in politics,” Guardian, October 20, 2008; Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 8–9.
3.Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 9; Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 32–35.
4.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 2, 5; Ridgely, Practicing What the Doctor Preached, 41.
5.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 6–7.
6.Gilgoff, Jesus Machine, 36; Balmer, Evangelicalism in America, 148.
7.Sharlet, “Soldiers,” 42; Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 9.
8.Sharlet, “Soldiers,” 43–45; Elizabeth Bernstein, “All the Candidates’ Clergy,” Wall Street Journal, updated August 13, 2004.
9.Sharlet, “Soldiers,” 46–47.
10.Sharlet, “Soldiers,” 42, 47; Burkholder, “Before ‘true love waits.’”
11.Laurie Goodstein, “Air Force Academy Staff Found Promoting Religion,” New York Times, June 23, 2005.
12.Peter Biskind, “The Rude Warrior,” Vanity Fair, March 2011.
13.Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 136–39.
14.Bobby Welch, You, the Warrior Leader: Applying Military Strategy for Victorious Spiritual Warfare (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing, 2004), 1, 19, 22, 24, 139–40, 150.
15.Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 137–38.
16.Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 81–82; Goodstein, “Air Force Academy.”
17.Jeff Brady, “Evangelical Chaplains Test Bounds of Faith in Military,” NPR, All Things Considered, July 27, 2005; Laurie Goodstein, “Evangelicals Are a Growing Force in the Military Chaplain Corps,” New York Times, July 12, 2005.
18.Weinstein and Seay, With God on Our Side, 19.
19.Philip Shenon, “Oliver North Tells a Tall Tale of White House Intrigue,” New York Times, August 27, 2002; Todd Starnes, “Oliver North tour promotes novel ‘Mission Compromised,’” Baptist Press, September 11, 2002.
20.Oliver North and Chuck Holton, American Heroes: In the Fight Against Radical Islam (Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing, 2009), 10, 20, 139, 229.
21.North and Holton, American Heroes, 57, 68.
22.North and Holton, American Heroes, 150–51, 163, 221, 271.
23.Chuck Holton, “Boots on the Ground,” Making Men, http://makingmenbook.com/bio/, accessed August 8, 2018; Chuck Holton, A More Elite Soldier: Pursuing a Life of Purpose (Sisters, OR: Multnomah, 2003), 12, 47, 55–56, 61, 119, 152, 183.
24.Alice Gray and Chuck Holton, Stories from a Soldier’s Heart: For the Patriotic Soul (Sisters, OR: Multnomah, 2003), 25–26, 218, 236.
25.Chuck Holton and Gayle Roper, Allah’s Fire (Sisters, OR: Multnomah, 2006), 17; Chuck Holton, Island Inferno (Colorado Springs, CO: Multnomah, 2007), 186–88; Chuck Holton, Meltdown (Colorado Springs, CO: Multnomah, 2009), 33–34, 229.
1.Laurie Goodstein, “Seeing Islam as ‘Evil’ Faith, Evangelicals Seek Converts,” New York Times, May 27, 2003; Melani McAlister, The Kingdom of God Has No Borders: A Global History of American Evangelicals (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018), 159–65; Peter Waldman and Hugh Pope, “‘Crusade’ Reference Reinforces Fears War on Terrorism Is Against Muslims,” Wall Street Journal, September 21, 2001.
2.Goodstein, “Seeing Islam”; NPR, “Profile: Silent Evangelical”; James Dobson, “Family in Crisis,” Focus on the Family Newsletter, http://www.focusonthefamily.com/docstudy/newsletters/A000000639.cfm, accessed July 12, 2007; Sharlet, “Soldiers of Christ,” 48; “Evangelical Views of Islam,” Ethics & Public Policy and Beliefnet, https://www.beliefnet.com/news/politics/2003/04/evangelical-views-of-islam.aspx. Results of this poll were released April 7, 2003.
3.New Man, May/June 2007; Joyce, Quiverfull, 134, 183.
4.Christopher Cameron Smith, “‘Ex-Muslims,’ Bible Prophecy, and Islamophobia: Rhetoric and Reality in the Narratives of Walid Shoebat, Kamal Saleem, Ergun and Emir Caner,” Islamophobia Studies Journal, vol. 2, no. 2 (Fall 2014), 84.
5.Bob Lowry, “Former Muslim now heads Falwell’s university,” Deseret Morning News, April 30, 2005; “Former Muslims Attack Islam in New Book,” IslamOnline.net, September 29, 2002, https://web.archive.org/web/20070317005052/http://www.islamonline.net/servlet/Satellite?c=Article_C&cid=1158658281186&pagename=Zone-English-ArtCulture%2FACELayout, accessed January 26, 2019.
6.Alan Cooperman, “Anti-Muslim Remarks Stir Tempest,” Washington Post, June 20, 2002; “Falwell ‘sorry’ for Mohammed remark,” BBC News, October 13, 2002.
7.Lowry, “Former Muslim”; Nathan Lean, The Islamophobia Industry: How the Right Manufactures Fear of Muslims (New York: Pluto Press, 2012), 85–87; William Wan and Michelle Boorstein, “Liberty U. removing Ergun Caner as seminary dean over contradictory statements,” Washington Post, June 30, 2010; John W. Kennedy, “Bloggers Target Seminary President,” Christianity Today, May 3, 2010.
8.Wan and Boorstein, “Liberty U”; Lean, Islamophobia Industry, 89; Kennedy, “Bloggers Target Seminary President”; Jennifer Riley, “Liberty Univ. Demotes Ergun Caner After Investigation,” Christian Post, June 29, 2010.
9.Chris Rodda, “CNN to Air Report on Taxpayer Funded Fake Former Terrorist,” Huffpost, July 13, 2011, updated September 12, 2011; Katie Ward, “Cedar Hill Baptist to host Zachariah Anani Aug. 7,” Times Free Press, August 3, 2011; Mary Sanchez, “Tales of terror don’t jibe,” Kansas City Star, November 16, 2011; Aaron M. Little, “Kamal Saleem: A Muslim Cries Out to Jesus,” CBN, http://www1.cbn.com/700club/kamal-saleem-muslim-cries-out-jesus; Doug Howard, “Mixed Message,” Books and Culture, May/June 2010.
10.Tim Murphy, “I Was a Terrorist ... Seriously,” Mother Jones, March/April 2012; Gary Schneeberger, “Craze be to Allah,” Focus on the Family Citizen, November 2006, 10–11; Doug Howard, phone interview with the author, June 28, 2018.
11.Reza Aslan, “Apparently, terrorism pays. It pays very well,” CNN, February 27, 2008; Jorg Luyken, “The Palestinian ‘Terrorist’ Turned Zionist,” Jerusalem Post, March 30, 2008; Howard, “Mixed Message.”
12.Aslan, “Apparently, terrorism pays”; Luyken, “The Palestinian ‘Terrorist’”; MacFarquhar, “Speakers at Academy.”
13.Ward, “Cedar Hill Baptist”; Murphy, “I Was a Terrorist.”
14.Howard, “Mixed Message.”
15.“‘A Common Word’ Christian Response,” Yale Center for Faith & Culture, accessed August 8, 2018, https://faith.yale.edu/common-word/common-word-christian-response.
16.“Mohler: Evangelical-Muslim Letter Troubling,” A Common Word, January 11, 2008, https://www.acommonword.com/mohler-evangelical-muslim-letter-troubling/; Stephen Adams, “Common Ground?” Focus on the Family Citizen, March 2008, 18–23; “NPR comments force out NAE’s Cizik,” Baptist News Global, December 17, 2008.
17.“Public Expressed Mixed Views of Islam, Mormonism,” Pew Research Center, September 25, 2007; “The Religious Dimensions of the Torture Debate,” Pew Research Center, April 29, 2009, updated May 7, 2009.
18.Seymour M. Hersh, “The Coming Wars,” The New Yorker, January 24, 2005.
19.Hersh, “Coming Wars.”
20.Sidney Blumenthal, “The religious warrior of Abu Ghraib,” Guardian, May 19, 2004; Seymour M. Hersh, “Moving Targets,” The New Yorker, December 15, 2003; Seymour M. Hersh, “Who’s In Charge Here?” New York Times, November 22, 1987.
21.R. Jeffrey Smith and Josh White, “General’s Speeches Broke Rules,” Washington Post, August 19, 2004; Blumenthal, “Religious Warrior.”
22.Smith and White, “General’s Speeches”; Holton, Meltdown, 229.
23.Blumenthal, “Religious Warrior”; Seymour M. Hersh, “The Gray Zone,” The New Yorker, May 24, 2004.
24.Dan Lamothe, “Exclusive: Lt. Gen. William Boykin, past Delta Force commander, hit with Army reprimand,” Washington Post, May 22, 2014; “The Watchman: Lt. Gen. Jerry Boykin and Kamal Saleem Discuss ‘The Coalition,’” https://www1.cbn.com/video/the-watchman/2015/12/22/the-watchman-lt-gen-jerry-boykin-and-kamal-saleem-discuss-the-coalition, accessed August 9, 2019; “The Coalition: What Happens When Islam Rules?” November 11, 2014, https://www.frc.org/familypolicylecture/the-coalition-what-happens-when-islam-rules, accessed August 9, 2019.
25.Haberski, God and War, 190–92.
26.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 31.
27.Bacevich, New American Militarism, 14–15, 23–24, 63; Thomas E. Ricks, “The Widening Gap Between the Military and Society,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1997, quoted in Bacevich, New American Militarism, 24.
28.Ed Stoddard, “U.S. evangelical support for Iraq war slipping,” Reuters, January 19, 2007; “Thompson Demonstrates Broad Potential Appeal,” Pew Research Center, June 4, 2007.
29.Dan Cox, “Young White Evangelicals: Less Republican, Still Conservative,” Pew Research Center, September 28, 2007.
1.“Religion and Politics ’08: John McCain,” Pew Research Center, November 4, 2008; Doug Gross, “Focus on the Family’s James Dobson steps down,” CNN, February 28, 2009.
2.“Michelle Obama Takes Heat,” Fox News, February 19, 2008.
3.The Daily Dish, “The Wright Post 9/11 Sermon,” The Atlantic, March 22, 2008; “(2003) Rev. Jeremiah Wright, ‘Confusing God and Government,’” Blackpast, May 6, 2008.
4.“Barack Obama’s Speech on Race,” New York Times, March 18, 2008.
5.Peter Wehner, “Dobson vs. Obama,” Washington Post, June 28, 2008.
6.Amy Sullivan, “Is Dobson’s Obama Hit Backfiring?” Time, June 26, 2008; Gross, “Focus on the Family’s James Dobson steps down”; “McCain picks Alaska Gov. Sarah Palin for VP,” Christianity Today, August 29, 2008.
7.John Piper, “Why a Woman Shouldn’t Run for Vice President, but Wise People May Still Vote For Her,” Desiring God, November 2, 2008, http://www.desiringgod.org/articles/why-a-woman-shouldnt-run-for-vice-president-but-wise-people-may-still-vote-for-her.
8.“Is Palin an evangelical?” Christianity Today, August 30, 2008; Slavoj Zizek, Living in the End Times (London: Verso, 2011), 270, quoted in Katz, Man Enough, 218; Barbara Bradly Hagerty, “How McCain Shed Pariah Status Among Evangelicals,” NPR, All Things Considered, October 23, 2008.
9.Martínez and Smith, “How the faithful voted”; Laurie Goodstein, “Obama Made Gains Among Younger Evangelical Voters, Data Show,” New York Times, Nov. 6, 2008.
10.Goldenberg, “Evangelicals start soul-searching.”
11.Bradley Blackburn, “The Rev. Franklin Graham Says President Obama was ‘Born a Muslim,’” ABC News, August 20, 2010; Frank Schaeffer, “Franklin Graham Is Big Time Religion’s ‘Donald Trump,’” Huffington Post, April 28, 2011.
12.Jane C. Timm, “Amid call for religious freedom, Values Voter speakers slam Islam,” MSNBC, September 26, 2014; David Brody and Scott Lamb, The Faith of Donald J. Trump: A Spiritual Biography (Northampton, MA: Broadside Books, 2018), 293; “Growing Number of Americans Say Obama is a Muslim,” Pew Research Center, August 18, 2010.
13.Brian Montopoli, “Conservatives Fight ‘Homosexual Extremist Movement,’” CBS News, September 28, 2009, updated September 29, 2009; Dana Priest and William M. Arkin, “Monitoring America,” Washington Post, https://web.archive.org/web/20101222221143/http://projects.washingtonpost.com/top-secret-america/articles/monitoring-america/6/.
14.Wayne A. Grudem, Politics—According to the Bible: A Comprehensive Resource for Understanding Modern Political Issues in Light of Scripture (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2010), 150–51, 388–89, 392, 396, 409–10, 472–73, 527.
15.Martínez and Smith, “How the faithful voted”; Mark Driscoll, Twitter post, January 21, 2013, 8:17 a.m., https://twitter.com/PastorMark/status/293391878949335043.
16.John Fea, Believe Me: The Evangelical Road to Donald Trump (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2018), 25.
17.John Piper, “The Folly of Men Arming Women for Combat,” Desiring God, January 6, 2014, https://www.desiringgod.org/articles/the-folly-of-men-arming-women-for-combat, accessed January 28, 2019; James Dobson, “Protect Your Kids from Tyrant Obama,” WND, May 30, 2016, http://www.wnd.com/2016/05/protect-your-kids-from-tyrant-obama/; Anugrah Kumar, “College Reverses Decision to Fire Lt. Gen Boykin Over Transgender Bathroom Comments,” Christian Post, May 21, 2016.
18.Mark Joseph, “The President & The Prophet: Obama’s Unusual Encounter with Eric Metaxas,” National Review, February 7, 2012.
19.Eric Metaxas, Seven Men: And the Secret of Their Greatness (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2016), 47; Jon Ward, “Author Eric Metaxas, evangelical intellectual, chose Trump, and he’s sticking with him,” Yahoo! News, February 23, 2018.
20.Metaxas, Seven Men, xiii.
21.Metaxas, Seven Men, xv–xvi.
22.Metaxas, Seven Men, xvii–xviii.
23.Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “‘Duck Dynasty’ success thrives on Christian stereotypes,” Religion News Service, August 21, 2013.
24.Pulliam Bailey, “‘Duck Dynasty’”; Drew Magary, “What the Duck,” GQ, December 17, 2013.
25.Moreton, To Serve God and Wal-Mart, 90–91.
26.Thomas Kidd, “Duck Dynasty’s Cultural Christianity,” Patheos, August 27, 2013, http://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2013/08/duck-dynastys-cultural-christianity/.
27.John McDougall, Jesus Was an Airborne Ranger: Find Your Purpose Following the Warrior Christ (Colorado Springs, CO: Multnomah, 2015), 11, 101, 114, 119.
28.Jerry Boykin and Stu Weber, The Warrior Soul: 5 Powerful Principles to Make You a Stronger Man of God (Lake Mary, FL: Charisma House, 2015), 18, 31–32.
29.Boykin and Weber, The Warrior Soul, 45, 86.
30.Boykin and Weber, The Warrior Soul, 107–8, 183, 198.
31.Betsy Cooper and Harmeet Kamboj, “Ahead of Farewell Address, Obama’s Favorability Across the Country,” PRRI, January 9, 2017; Robert P. Jones, The End of White Christian America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2016).
1.C. Eugene Emery Jr., “Hillary Clinton’s approval ratings as secretary of state were high, but they’re not now,” Politifact, May 22, 2016.
2.Aaron Blake, “The Final Trump-Clinton Debate Transcript Annotated,” Washington Post, August 19, 2006; Kevin den Dulk, “What Do We Know about Hillary Clinton and Religious Freedom?” Religious Freedom Institute, October 20, 2016.
3.Fea, Believe Me, 25, 27.
4.Fea, Believe Me, 30–32.
5.Eric Garcia, “Can Marco Rubio Appeal to Evangelicals?” Roll Call, January 8, 2016; Samuel Smith, “Rubio Not Only Candidate With ‘Billy Graham’ Evangelicals, Cruz Campaign Says,” Christian Post, January 25, 2016; Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 179.
6.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 260.
7.“Full text: Donald Trump announces a presidential bid,” Washington Post, June 16, 2015.
8.Jonathan Merritt, “Why Do Evangelicals Support Donald Trump?” The Atlantic, September 3, 2015; Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “Which Presidential Candidate Leads among Evangelicals? Right now, it’s Donald Trump,” Washington Post, August 6, 2015; Washington Post-ABC News National Poll, July 16–19, 2015.
9.Michelle Boorstein, “Why Donald Trump is tearing evangelicals apart,” Washington Post, March 15, 2016.
10.Robert Costa and Jenna Johnson, “Evangelical leader Jerry Falwell Jr. endorses Trump,” Washington Post, January 26, 2016.
11.“Donald Trump Speech at Liberty University,” CNN Transcripts, January 18, 2016.
12.“Donald Trump Speech at Liberty University.”
13.Mitzi Bible, “Donald Trump addresses largest Convocation crowd, praises Liberty’s growth,” Liberty University, Liberty News, September 24, 2012; Karen Swallow Prior, “The Fake ‘Holy War’ Over Donald Trump’s ‘Get Even’ Advice,” Christianity Today, October 3, 2012.
14.Robin, Reactionary Mind, 29–30.
15.Kelley Smith, “Trump holds campaign rally at Dordt College,” KSFY News, January 23, 2016; Boorstein, “Why Donald Trump is tearing evangelicals apart”; Eliza Collins, “Christian leaders balk at Falwell’s Trump endorsement,” Politico, January 26, 2016.
16.Frances Robles and Jim Rutenberg, “The Evangelical, the ‘Pool Boy,’ the Comedian and Michael Cohen,” New York Times, June 18, 2019; Nick Gass, “Poll: Evangelicals flocking to Trump,” Politico, January 26, 2016.
17.Ruth Graham, “The Pundit Pastor,” Slate, May 14, 2018; Ian Schwartz, “Pastor Jeffress: Without Trump We Will Have Most Pro-Abortion President in History,” Real Clear Politics, February 26, 2016; Bob Allen, “‘Evangelical elite’ just doesn’t get it, claims pastor and Trump supporter,” Baptist News Global, March 16, 2016.
18.Bean, “Jesus and John Wayne: Must we choose?”
19.Tessa Berenson, “John Wayne’s Daughter Endorses Donald Trump,” Time, updated January 19, 2016.
20.Russell Moore, “Have Evangelicals Who Support Trump Lost Their Values?” New York Times, September 17, 2015; Trip Gabriel, “Donald Trump, Despite Impieties, Wins Hearts of Evangelical Voters,” New York Times, February 27, 2016; Russell Moore, “Why this election makes me hate the word ‘evangelical,’” Washington Post, February 29, 2016; Russell Moore, “A White Church No More,” New York Times, May 6, 2016; Elizabeth Dias, “Donald Trump’s Feud With Evangelical Leader Reveals Fault Lines,” Time, May 9, 2016.
21.Denny Burk, “#NeverTrump has only just started,” Denny Burk (blog), May 4, 2016, http://www.dennyburk.com/nevertrump-has-only-just-started/; Michael Gerson, “Evangelicals must not bear the mark of Trump,” Washington Post, June 2, 2016.
22.Gabriel, “Donald Trump, Despite Impieties.”
23.Boorstein, “Why Donald Trump”; Trip Gabriel and Michael Luo, “A Born-Again Donald Trump? Believe It, Evangelical Leader Says,” New York Times, June 25, 2016.
24.Wayne Grudem, “Why Voting for Donald Trump Is a Morally Good Choice,” Townhall, July 28, 2016.
25.Jonathan Chait, “Mike Pence Strongly Believes Donald Trump’s Shoulder Width Guarantees His Foreign-Policy Acumen,” Intelligencer, August 22, 2017; Chris Cillizza, “Mike Pence compared Donald Trump to Teddy Roosevelt. About that. . .” CNN, August 18, 2017.
26.Ward, “Author Eric Metaxas”; Eric Metaxas, Twitter post, May 22, 2016, 4:57 a.m., https://twitter.com/ericmetaxas/status/734352577710657536; Casey Harper, “Leading Evangelical Makes the Case for Christian Support of Trump,” Daily Caller, July 18, 2016.
27.“Evangelicals Rally to Trump, Religious ‘Nones’ Back Clinton,” Pew Research Center, July 13, 2016.
28.Phyllis Schlafly, “The Stupidity of Feminists,” Self-Educated American, May 21, 2012, accessed October 19, 2018, https://selfeducatedamerican.com/2012/05/21/the-stupidity-of-feminists/; Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 241; Rebecca Morin, “Trump honors ‘true patriot’ Phyllis Schlafly at her funeral,” Politico, September 10, 2016.
29.“Transcript: Donald Trump’s Taped Comments About Women,” New York Times, October 8, 2016.
30.Wayne Grudem, “Trump’s Moral Character and the Election,” Townhall, October 9, 2016.
31.Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “‘Still the best candidate’: Some evangelicals still back Trump despite lewd video,” Washington Post, October 8, 2016.
32.Russell Moore, Twitter post, October 7, 2016, 6:54 p.m., https://twitter.com/drmoore/status/784572768922791936; John Piper, “Christian, You are Free Not to Vote,” Desiring God, November 3, 2016, https://www.desiringgod.org/messages/sons-of-freedom-and-joy/excerpts/christian-you-are-free-not-to-vote; Ed Stetzer, “Evangelicals: This Is What It Looks Like When You Sell Your Soul For a Bowl of Trump,” Christianity Today, November 2, 2016.
33.Caitlin Moscatello, “Our Bodies, Their God,” The Cut, November 17, 2016; Anne Helen Petersen, “The New Evangelical Woman Vs. Trump,” BuzzFeed News, November 7, 2016; Tiffany Stanley, “This Evangelical Leader Denounced Trump. Then the Death Threats Started,” Politico, December 17, 2017.
34.Smith and Martínez, “How the faithful voted.”
35.“For GOP Voters, a Winding Path to a Trump Nomination,” Pew Research Center, July 18, 2016; Gregory A. Smith, “Churchgoing Republicans, once skeptical of Trump, now support him,” Pew Research Center, July 21, 2018; Timothy Gloege, “#Itsnotus: Being Evangelical Means Never Having To Say You’re Sorry,” Religion Dispatches, January 3, 2018; Gregory A. Smith, “Among white evangelicals, regular churchgoers are the most supportive of Trump,” Pew Research Center, April 26, 2017.
36.Daniel Cox, Rachel Lienesch, and Robert P. Jones, “Beyond Economics: Fears of Cultural Displacement Pushed the White Working Class to Trump,” PRRI, May 9, 2017; Janelle S. Wong, Immigrants, Evangelicals, and Politics in an Era of Demographic Change (New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2018); Diana C. Mutz, “Status threat, not economic hardship, explains the 2016 presidential vote,” PNAS, May 8, 2018, first published April 23, 2018; Green et al., Religion and the Culture Wars, 268.
37.Chris Moody, “The Survival of a Southern Baptist Who Dared to Oppose Trump,” CNN Politics, July 2017.
38.Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “The Trump effect? A stunning number of evangelicals will now accept politicians’ ‘immoral’ acts,” Washington Post, October 19, 2016; Tom Gjelten, “White Evangelicals Conflicted by Accusations Against Roy Moore,” NPR, November 14, 2017.
39.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 260.
40.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 19–21.
41.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 72.
42.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 76–77.
43.Brody and Lamb, Faith of Donald J. Trump, 75–76.
44.Betsy Cooper et al., “The Divide Over America’s Future: 1950 or 2050?” PRRI, October 25, 2016.
1.Smith, “Among white evangelicals.”
2.Michael Paulsen, “A Brash Style That Filled Pews, Until Followers Had Their Fill,” New York Times, August 22, 2014; Warren Cole Smith, “Unreal sales for Driscoll’s Real Marriage,” World, March 5, 2014.
3.Douglas Wilson, “Ten Notes on the Driscoll Dogpile,” Blog & Mablog, August 25, 2014, https://dougwils.com/the-church/ten-notes-on-the-driscoll-dogpile.html; Douglas Wilson, “Ask Doug: What Are Your Thoughts on the Mark Driscoll Situation,” Canon Wired, October 20, 2014, http://www.canonwired.com/featured/thoughts-on-the-mark-driscoll-situation/; John Piper, “Do You Regret Partnering with Mark Driscoll?” Desiring God, November 13, 2014, http://www.desiringgod.org/interviews/do-you-regret-partnering-with-mark-driscoll; “Reflections on Mark Driscoll and the Church,” John Piper interviewed by Norm Funk, July 31, 2015, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4Yhn_4mmowU, accessed August 8, 2018; Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “Mark Driscoll charged with abusive behavior by 21 former Mars Hill pastors,” Washington Post, August 22, 2014.
4.T. F. Charlton, “A Church Group, A Lawsuit, and a Culture of Abuse,” Religion Dispatches, March 6, 2013.
5.Kate Shellnutt, “Darrin Patrick Removed from Acts 29 Megachurch for ‘Historical Pattern of Sin,’” Christianity Today, April 13, 2016; Eric Kelderman, “Accreditor Cites Leadership Problems in Keeping Master’s U. on Probation,” Chronicle of Higher Education, March 8, 2019; Samuel Smith, “John MacArthur’s Master’s University Put on Probation by Accrediting Agency,” Christian Post, August 22, 2018; Julie Roys, “Hard times at Harvest,” World Magazine, December 13, 2018; Emily McFarlan Miller, “James MacDonald fired as Harvest Bible Chapel pastor,” Religion News Service, February 13, 2019.
6.Meghan Keneally, “List of Trump’s accusers and their allegations of sexual misconduct,” ABC News, June 25, 2019.
7.Katie Frost, “Dr. James Dobson Endorses Judge Roy Moore,” Judge Roy Moore U.S. Senate, https://www.roymoore.org/Press-Releases/38/DR.-JAMES-DOBSON-ENDORSES-JUDGE-ROY-MOORE; Michelle Boorstein, “Alabama state official defends Roy Moore, citing Joseph and Mary; ‘They became parents of Jesus,’” Washington Post, November 10, 2017; Russell Moore, Twitter post, November 13, 2017, 2:16 p.m., https://twitter.com/drmoore/status/930197784959115264; Carlos Ballesteros, “Alabama Evangelicals More Likely to Support Roy Moore After Sexual Assault Allegations, Poll Shows,” Newsweek, November 12, 2017; “Exit poll results: How different groups voted in Alabama,” Washington Post, December 13, 2018; Amy Yurkanin, “Roy Moore had ties to groups that didn’t believe in gender equality,” AL.com, December 9, 2017, updated March 6, 2018.
8.Edward-Isaac Dovere, “Tony Perkins: Trump gets ‘a Mulligan’ on Life, Stormy Daniels,” Politico, January 23, 2018.
9.“NPR/PBS News Hour/Marist Poll National Tables September 22nd through September 24th, 2018,” NPR, September 22–24, 2018, http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/NPR_PBS-NewsHour_Marist-Poll_USA-NOS-and-Tables_1809251359.pdf#page=3.
10.Kathryn Joyce, “By Grace Alone: The Next Christian Sex-Abuse Scandal,” Kathryn Joyce (blog), May 5, 2014, http://kathrynjoyce.com/by-grace-alone-the-next-christian-sex-abuse-scandal/, accessed August 12, 2019.
11.“Evangelical Leader quits, denies male escort’s allegations,” CNN, November 2, 2006.
12.“Evangelical leader quits”; David Goldstein, “Who’s to blame for Pastor Haggard’s fall from grace? His fat, lazy wife,” Huffington Post, November 4, 2006, updated May 25, 2011.
13.Randy Turner, “Judge to Kanakuk’s Joe White: Stay away from sex abuse victim,” Turner Report, October 4, 2011, https://rturner229.blogspot.com/2011/10/judge-to-kanakuks-joe-white-stay-away.html; Andrew W. Griffin, “Sandusky-like camp director arrested in Missouri—what did Kanakuk’s ‘godlike’ Joe White know?” Red Dirt Report, August 27, 2012, http://www.reddirtreport.com/red-dirt-news/sandusky-camp-director-arrested-missouri-what-did-kanakuks-godlike-joe-white-know. ChristianPost.com, “Christian men’s conference decried for featuring speakers accused of rape, sex abuse cover-up,” Fox News, February 18, 2017, updated July 5, 2017, https://www.foxnews.com/us/christian-mens-conference-decried-for-featuring-speakers-accused-of-rape-sex-abuse-cover-up.
14.Tiffany Stanley, “The Sex-Abuse Scandal That Devastated a Suburban Megachurch,” Washingtonian, February 14, 2016.
15.C. J. Mahaney, Sex, Romance, and the Glory of God: What Every Christian Husband Needs to Know (Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books, 2004), 16, 87, 98, 123; Charlton, “A Church Group.”
16.Bob Allen, “Mahaney gets support from John Piper,” Baptist News Global, February 18, 2103; Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “Evangelical leaders stand by pastor accused of abuse cover-up,” Washington Post, May 24, 2013; Julie Anne Smith, “Mohler, Dever, and Duncan break their silence and release statement in support of C.J. Mahaney,” Spiritual Sounding Board, May 23, 2013, https://spiritualsoundingboard.com/2013/05/23/mohler-dever-and-duncan-issue-statement-in-support-of-c-j-mahaney/, accessed July 1, 2019; Benjamin Sledge, “Together for the Go$pel,” Medium, January 28, 2019, https://medium.com/s/story/together-for-the-go-pel-26a23116d46b; Don Carson and Justin Taylor, “Why We Have Been Silent about the SGM Lawsuit,” The Gospel Coalition, May 24, 2013, https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/article/why-we-have-been-silent-about-the-sgm-lawsuit/.
17.Watchkeep (Amy Smith), “Albert Mohler and CJ Mahaney,” (sound recording) 2016, https://soundcloud.com/watchkeep/albert-mohler-and-cj-mahaney, accessed August 13, 2018; Bob Allen, “Al Mohler says he was wrong about C.J. Mahaney,” Baptist News Global, February 18, 2019.
18.Sledge, “Together for the Go$pel.”
19.Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “New charges allege religious leader, who has ties to the Duggars, sexually abused women,” Washington Post, January 6, 2016; Bill Gothard, “Wisdom Booklet 36,” 1839, quoted in Sara Jones, “An ATI Education, Final Chapter: Guilty Silence,” Recovering Grace, January 4, 2016, http://www.recoveringgrace.org/2016/01/an-ati-education-final-chapter-guilty-silence/, accessed August 7, 2018; “Statement from Recovering Grace regarding the lawsuit against Bill Gothard and IBLP,” Recovering Grace, March 28, 2018, http://www.recoveringgrace.org/2018/03/statement-from-recovering-grace-regarding-the-lawsuit-against-bill-gothard-and-iblp/#more, accessed August 7, 2018. See also Libby Anne, “Bill Gothard Explains Road Safety (aka How Not to Get Raped),” Patheos, August 17, 2015, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.patheos.com/blogs/lovejoyfeminism/2015/08/bill-gothard-explains-road-safety-aka-how-not-to-get-raped.html.
20.Lourdes Torres-Manteufel v. Douglas Phillips et al., April 15, 2014, https://www.wnd.com/files/2014/04/TorresComplaintFinalwithCoverSheet.pdf, 1–15.
21.Jamie Dean, “What Went Wrong? An In-depth Report on the Vision Forum Scandal,” World News Service, March 25, 2014; Douglas Wilson, “Vice, Victims, and Vision Forum,” Blog & Mablog, Friday, April 18, 2014, https://dougwils.com/s7-engaging-the-culture/vice-victims-and-vision-forum.html, accessed August 12, 2019.
22.Wilson, Her Hand in Marriage, 48, 54, 85; Wilson, Fidelity, 62; Doug Wilson, “Mark Driscoll and the Problems of Citation,” Blog & Mablog, December 9, 2013, accessed June 22, 2017, https://dougwils.com/s7-engaging-the-culture/mark-driscoll-and-problems-of-citation.html#more-105845.
23.Wilson, “Vice, Victims, and Vision Forum”; Wilson, Fidelity, 85; “Douglas Wilson to Judge Stegner: “I have been asked to provide a letter on behalf of Steven Sitler, which I am happy to do,” Steven Sitler, August 19, 2005, http://sitler.moscowid.net/2005/08/19/douglas-wilson-to-judge-stegner-i-have-been-asked-to-provide-a-letter-on-behalf-of-steven-sitler-which-i-am-happy-to-do/; Rod Dreher, “Scandal in Moscow,” American Conservative, September 29, 2015, https://www.theamericanconservative.com/dreher/scandal-in-moscow/; Doug Wilson, “An Open Letter from Christ Church on Steven Sitler,” Blog & Mablog, September 5, 2015, accessed June 1, 2017, https://dougwils.com/books-and-culture/s7-engaging-the-culture/an-open-letter-from-christ-church-on-steven-sitler.html; Doug Wilson, “The High Mountain Air of Public Calumny,” Blog & Mablog, September 7, 2015, accessed June 1, 2017, https://web.archive.org/web/20150915024225/http:/dougwils.com/s7-engaging-the-culture/the-high-mountain-air-of-public-calumny.html.
24.F. L. Stollar, “The Jamin C. Wight Story: The Other Child Molester in Doug Wilson’s Closet,” Homeschoolers Anonymous, September 8, 2015, https://homeschoolersanonymous.org/2015/09/08/the-jamin-c-wight-story-the-other-child-molester-in-doug-wilsons-closet/. Wilson offers his own version of events with regard to Sitler and Wight in Rod Dreher, “Doug Wilson’s ‘Reluctant Response,’” American Conservative, October 1, 2015.
25.Abby Ohlheiser, “Josh Duggar molested four of his sisters and a babysitter, parents tell Fox news,” Washington Post, June 4, 2015.
26.Richard Pérez-Peña, “Bob Jones University Blamed Victims of Sexual Assaults, Not Abusers, Report Says,” New York Times, December 11, 2014; Kiera Feldman, “Sexual Assault at God’s Harvard,” New Republic, February 17, 2014.
27.Smith, “Let Us Prey”; Sarah Smith, “Hundreds of sex abuse allegations found in fundamental Baptist churches across U.S.,” Fort Worth Star-Telegram, December 9, 2018.
28.Smith, “Hundreds of sex abuse allegations”; Smith, “Let Us Prey.”
29.Smith, “Let Us Prey.”
30.“I Was Assaulted. He Was Applauded,” New York Times, March 9, 2018.
31.Laurie Goodstein, “He’s a Superstar Pastor,” New York Times, August 5, 2018.
32.Michelle Boorstein and Sarah Pulliam Bailey, “How women led to the dramatic rise and fall of Southern Baptist leader Paige Patterson,” Washington Post, June 10, 2014; Bobby Ross Jr., Sarah Pulliam Bailey, and Michelle Boorstein, “Prominent Southern Baptist leader removed as seminary president following controversial remarks about abused women,” Washington Post, May 23, 2018; Robert Downen, “More men accuse former Texas judge, Baptist leader of sexual misconduct,” Houston Chronicle, April 13, 2018. Robert Downen, “The women are hurting,” Houston Chronicle, August 22, 2019.
33.Smith, “Hundreds of Sex Abuse Allegations.”
34.Robert Downen, Lise Olsen, and John Tedesco, “Abuse of Faith,” Houston Chronicle, February 10, 2019; Kate Shellnutt, “Report: How Southern Baptists Failed to Care About Abuse,” Christianity Today, June 10, 2019; Michael Gryboski, “Southern Baptist Convention Sever Ties With Kentucky Churches Over Female Pastors,” Christian Post, December 17, 2015.
35.Rachael Denhollander and Morgan Lee, “My Larry Nassar Testimony Went Viral. But There’s More to the Gospel Than Forgiveness,” Christianity Today, January 31, 2018.
36.Denhollander and Lee, “My Larry Nassar Testimony Went Viral.”
37.Al Mohler, “The Humiliation of the Southern Baptist Convention,” Christianity Today, May 23, 2018.
38.Mohler, “The Humiliation of the Southern Baptist Convention”; Russell Moore, “Will Complementarianism Survive After the #MeToo Movement?” Russell Moore, August 3, 2018, https://www.russellmoore.com/2018/08/03/will-complementarianism-survive-after-metoo/, accessed August 15, 2018.
39.John Piper, “Sex-Abuse Allegations and the Egalitarian Myth,” Desiring God, March 16, 2018, https://www.desiringgod.org/interviews/sex-abuse-allegations-and-the-egalitarian-myth; John Piper, “Does a woman submit to abuse?” Ask Pastor John, September 1, 2009, YouTube, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3OkUPc2NLrM.
40.Nathan A. Finn, “Complementarian Caricature,” Journal of Biblical Manhood and Womanhood, Fall 2010, 48–49.
1.Gaither Vocal Band, “Jesus And John Wayne,” track 3 on Lovin’ Life, Spring House, 2008, compact disc.
2.Niraj Chokshi, “Oliver North Is Named N.R.A. President,” New York Times, May 7, 2018; Bobby Ross Jr., “‘Jesus loves me and my guns’: Faith and firearms touted at the NRA’s prayer breakfast,” Washington Post, May 7, 2018; Shellnut, “Packing in the Pews.”
3.Nancy LeTourneau, “How Identity Politics Fuels the NRA and White Evangelicals,” Washington Monthly, March 5, 2018; Peter Beinart, “Conservatives Are Losing the Culture War Over Guns,” The Atlantic, March 1, 2018.
4.Cooper et al., “How Americans View Immigrants”; Hannah Hartig, “Republicans turn more negative toward refugees as number admitted to U.S. plummets,” Pew Research Center, May 24, 2018; “Data Shows How Passionate and Partisan Americans are About the Border Wall,” PRRI, January 8, 2019; “Evangelical Views on Immigration,” LifeWay Research, February 2015.
5.Bob Allen, “‘Evangelical elite’ just doesn’t get it, claims pastor and Trump supporter,” Baptist News, March 16, 2016; Kristin Kobes Du Mez, “Understanding White Evangelical Views on Immigration,” Harvard Divinity Bulletin 46, nos. 1 & 2 (Spring/Summer 2018).
6.Caleb Lindgren, “Gender and the Trinity: From Proxy War to Civil War,” Christianity Today, June 16, 2016; Giles, Rise and Fall of the Complementarian Doctrine.
7.I am indebted to Corrin Van Bemden, Corrie Bakker, Steve McMullen, Laura McMullen, Jenna Hunt, Brooklyn Walker, Rhonda Mejeur, Jonathan Harwell, Bryan Berghoef, Tami Parks, Joe Stubenrauch, Katherine Swart, and Tim Krueger for sharing these examples.
8.I am grateful to Rachel Maxson and Mandy McMichael for bringing these to my attention.
9.Kristin Kobes Du Mez, “Hobby Lobby Evangelicalism,” Patheos, September 6, 2018, https://www.patheos.com/blogs/anxiousbench/2018/09/hobby-lobby-evangelicalism/.
10.Don Jacobson, phone interview with the author, February 13, 2019.
11.Carlos Maza, “This Right-Wing Legal Powerhouse Wants To Make Gay Sex Illegal,” Media Matters, November 19, 2014; Claire Provost and Marty Fitzgerald, “Revealed: Trump-linked US Christian ‘fundamentalists’ pour millions of ‘dark money’ into Europe, boosting the far right,” openDemocracy, March 27, 2019; Jack Jenkins, “When Franklin Graham Met Putin,” Religion News Service, August 7, 2018; Eliza Griswold, “Franklin Graham’s Uneasy Alliance with Donald Trump,” The New Yorker, September 11, 2018; Jack Jenkins, “The emerging alliance between Putin and Trump’s God squad,” ThinkProgress, July 12, 2017.
12.Daniel Rück, FB message, February 6, 2018.
13.Name withheld, FB message, January 10, 2019; Name withheld, email correspondence, February 25, 2019.
14.Name withheld, email correspondence, February 25, 2019.
15.Sara Moslener, “Sexual Purity, #ChurchToo, and the Crisis of Male Evangelical Leadership,” Religion & Politics, June 12, 2018; “Former Evangelical Pastor Rethinks His Approach to Courtship,” Weekend Edition Sunday, NPR, July 10, 2016.
16.Don Jacobson, phone interview with the author, February 13, 2019. In later e-mail correspondence (June 20, 2019), Jacobsen added that he still agrees with many of the teachings of those writers, but that many of the new strains have gone too far: “Jesus said to make disciples of all men, not to make Americans of all men.”
17.Michael Gerson, “The Last Temptation,” The Atlantic, April 2018; Cal Thomas, “Are today’s Evangelicals following Jesus or following Trump?” Fox News “Opinion,” April 24, 2018, https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/cal-thomas-are-todays-evangelicals-following-jesus-or-following-trump.