I HAVE INCURRED SEVERAL DEBTS of gratitude while writing the original edition of this essay. Bruce Jenkins, my Special Assistant in 1993, made an inestimable contribution by his identification of problems in content and presentation. He also made incisive recommendations for more rigorous and clearer presentations of difficult ideas (especially concerning strategy), structural reorganization, and editorial improvements.
I am also grateful for the editorial assistance of Stephen Coady. Dr Christopher Kruegler and Robert Helvey offered very important criticisms and advice. Dr Hazel McFerson and Dr Patricia Parkman provided information on struggles in Africa and Latin America, respectively. However, the analysis and conclusions contained therein are solely my responsibility.
In recent years special guidelines for translations have been developed, primarily due to Jamila Raqib’s guidance and to the lessons learned from earlier years. This has been necessary in order to ensure accuracy in languages in which there has earlier been no established clear terminology for this field.