Illustrations

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1. ‘A School of Seeing’: Goethe’s explanation of the value of travel is expounded in his Italian Journey (1816–17). Portrait by Tischbein, 1787.

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2. Dante and Virgil meet the shade of Ulysses, Inferno Canto 26. Dante’s sublime Divine Comedy describes a spiritual journey from Hell to Heaven.

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3. Marcus Quonimorus Rex: a post-Roman, Celtic ruler of Cornwall and possibly of Brittany.

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4. The Tristan Stone, Menabilly: a sixth-century tombstone marking the putative grave of Marcus Quonimorus and his son, Tristan.

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5. Cornish chough, Pyrrochorax pyrrochorax: emblematic Cornish bird, once thought extinct but now resurgent.

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6. ‘And shall Trelawny die?’ Bishop Sir Jonathan Trelawny (1650–1721), hero of the ‘Song of the Western Men’.

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7. Daphne du Maurier (1907–89), novelist of Cornish and Breton ancestry, long-term resident of Menabilly.

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8. ‘Dolly’ Pentraeth, fishwife of Mousehole, reputedly the last native speaker of Cornish, c. 1775.

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9. Panorama of Baccu, 1683: an engraving of the Caspian port from the period of Safavid Persian rule.

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10. Baku’s iconic Flame Towers, completed 2012: the architectural fantasy of an oil-rich nation.

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11. The Aliyevs, father and son, c. 2010: post-Communist dictators of Azerbaijan.

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12. The Execution of the Twenty-Six Commissars, September 1918: a prime example of Bolshevik propaganda.

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13. The British Dunsterforce, one of several contenders for control of the Caspian oilfields, marches into Baku, August 1918.

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14. Wilfred Thesiger, 1948: old-style explorer, author of Arabian Sands.

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15. The beach at Abu Dhabi, 1948: a few pearl fishers, the occasional dhow, and no modern amenities.

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16. Abu Dhabi Corniche, 2012. Arab boys on the waterfront with the Emirate’s sensational skyline beyond.

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17. Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Abu Dhabi, 2012: ‘exudes mystery and spirituality’.

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18. Dubai: Manhattan in half the time, an explosion of construction in the desert.

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19. Gold to Go: a gold bullion dispenser at the Emirates Hotel, Abu Dhabi.

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20. Hindu Temple, Delhi: dedicated to Lord Vishnu and the goddess Lakshmi.

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21. Jama Masjid, the ‘World-Reflecting Mosque’ (1658), Delhi, built by the Mogul Emperor Shah Jahan.

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22. Lotus Temple (1986), Delhi, constructed from twenty-four free-standing ‘petals’, and reputedly the world’s most visited shrine.

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23. Delhi Durbar, 1913: King-Emperor, Queen-Empress and little Maharajas, British India’s ruling elite.

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24. Untouchables, 1890: the lowest of the low in the Indian caste system and a running sore that has not gone away.

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25. B. R. Ambedkar, the ‘Honourable Master’, India’s most popular figure, and the first untouchable to reach high office.

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26. Chamba State, 3 pies grey (1911). The Raja of Chamba, 63rd in the princely ranking, was entitled to an eleven-gun salute.

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27. Malayan Durbar, 1897: sultans from the federated and unfederated states of Britain’s Straits Settlement colony.

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28. Sir Frank Swettenham, Governor of the Straits Settlements, linguist and prolific author.

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29. Straits Settlements 32 cents rose (1867), surcharged THREE CENTS and posted in Malacca in 1885.

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30. Running Amok (1864): an alleged feature of the pathology of Malayans.

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31. Malayan Emergency, 1949: Chinese suspect, British officer, Malay soldier, a campaign for ‘winning hearts and minds’.

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32. ‘The Tunku’, Sir Tunku Abdul Rahman, son of the 24th Sultan of Kedah and Malaysia’s founding father.

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33. Tugu Negara, Malaysia’s Iwo Jima-style National Monument (1966).

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34. Singapore Harbour, 1900: ‘the appendage to an underdeveloped colony’.

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35. Singapore skyline today: ‘the third richest country in the world’.

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36. Sir Stamford Raffles, 1817: botanist, linguist, historian, servant of the East India Company, Governor of Java and Singapore’s founder.

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37. Raffles Hotel: home of the ‘Singapore Sling’, scene of imperial splendour and of Japanese hara-kiri.

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38. Lt.-Gen Arthur Percival and his staff march to surrender, 15 February 1942: ‘Britain’s most humiliating wartime defeat’.

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39. Regina Europa, ‘Queen Europe’ (1628), woodcut by Sebastian Münster, Basel.

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40. The Arab Maghreb or ‘West’: a sixteenth-century Ottoman miniature.

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41. The Kleeblat Map: Europe, Africa and Asia. Woodcut from the Itinerarium Sacrae Scripturae by Heinrich Bünting, Magdeburg, 1581.

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42. Hasekura Tsunenaga (1571–1622), Japanese diplomat, eastbound circumnavigator and Roman nobleman.

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43. Alexander Blok (1880–1921), Russian poet of ‘We are the Scythians’.

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44. Burke and Wills, would-be explorers of Australia who lost their way.

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45. The Dutch in Mauritius, 1598: a scene following the landing of sailors who called the island Prins Maurits van Nassaueiland.

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46. A dodo (1638): a picture painted from the life in the first year of permanent settlement on Mauritius.

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47. Transport by a slave-carried palanquin on the Île de France (as Mauritius was renamed in 1715). French settlement was accompanied by the introduction of slavery.

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48. Bertrand-François Mahé, Comte de la Bourbonnais, Governor of the Île de France, 1735–46.

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49. Hindus at prayer, 1858. Indentured Indian labourers imported by the British came to form the largest ethnic community on Mauritius.

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50. Mauritius No. 1 and No. 2: a one penny orange-red and a two pence blue (1847). Postage stamps from the Bordeaux Cover, the ‘pièce de résistance’ of all philately.

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51. Sir Seewoosagur Ramgoolam (1900–1985), the first Prime Minister of independent Mauritius.

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52. Heart of Tasmania: Cradle Mountain National Park.

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53. Van Diemen’s Land: illustrated proclamation, showing that all people – regardless of race – would face the same retributive justice, by Governor George Arthur, 1830. It didn’t quite work out that way.

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54. A hell-hole inspired by utopian ideals: the notorious penitentiary at Port Arthur in southern Tasmania.

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55. Captain Abel Tasman (1603–59): circumnavigator of Australia, discoverer of Tasmania and New Zealand.

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56. A native of Van Diemen’s Land (1777). Sketch by John Webber, artist of James Cook’s Third Voyage.

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57. Maori war canoe (1770), a sketch by Sidney Parkinson, artist on Cook’s First Voyage.

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58. Maori man (1769), also by Parkinson. Unlike Tasmania’s Aborigines, the Maoris were relatively recent Polynesian migrants.

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59. King Tukaroto Matutaera Tawhiao (r. 1860–94), leader of the Waikato tribes.

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60. William Allsworth, The Emigrants (1844), painted soon after the Treaty of Waitangi and the start of British settlement in New Zealand.

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61. The New Zealand Wars, 1845–72, by Orlando Norie. The British attack a Maori stockade.

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62. Charles de Brosses, Comte de Tournai (1709–77): philosophe extraordinaire, pioneer of Pacific Studies.

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63. Breadfruit, harvest of Tahiti and the Royal Navy’s answer to scurvy. Engraving, 1773.

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64. Captain de Bougainville lands at Otaheite, April 1767. His Voyage autour du monde (1771) popularized the European concept of the ‘noble savage’.

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65. Oaitepeha Bay, Tahiti; palms and volcanoes, by William Hodges, c. 1775.

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66. Tahitian Dance, copper engraving (1784) after J. Webber.

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67. Queen Pömare IV (r. 1828–77), aka Aimata, ‘the Eyeball-eater’.

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68. Établissements de l’Océanie, 1 cent grey (1934).

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69. Comanche horsemen, 1834–5. The Comanches’ phenomenal horsemanship was unusual among Native Americans.

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70. Texas broadside: an advertisement for recruiting American settlers, 1836.

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71. Quanah Parker (1845–1911), Comanche chief and son of the kidnapped American woman Cynthia Ann Parker.

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72. Antonio López de Santa Anna (1794–1876), ‘Man of Destiny’, Mexican general and eleven times president.

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73. Sam Houston (1793–1863), frontiersman, US Senator, Tennessee Governor and President of the Texian Republic.

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74. Texas gusher, Port Arthur, east of Galveston, 1901. The wealth of Texas was built on oil and cattle.

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75. The Landing in 1608 at Ver Planck Point, by Robert Walter Weir (1842): the Lenape greet Henry Hudson’s expedition.

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76. The fort of New Amsterdam, 1614: an early view of the city prior to permanent settlement.

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77. The Toppling of King George III’s Gilded Statue at Bowling Green, New York, July 1776. The black slaves who actually pulled the statue down are absent.

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78. Lappawinsoe, Lenape Delaware Chief, 1737. The Lenape nation was cleared from its homeland in stages; remnants remain in the Mid-West and Canada.

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79. Israel Zangwill (1864–1926), British immigrant, writer, playwright, and inventor of the term ‘The Melting Pot’.

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80. Porto do Cruz, Madeira – Portugal’s Atlantic staging-post.

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81. Peterhouse, Cambridge’s oldest college, founded 1284: the Combination Room, c. 1900.

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82. Diogo Cão, the first European navigator to enter the southern hemisphere and to see the southern sky at night.

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83. Winston Churchill painting at Camara do Lobos, Madeira, 1953. Churchill reached Madeira by flying-boat.

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84. The ascent to the Basilica of Senhora Do Monte, Funchal: shrine of the Blessed Karl von Habsburg.

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85. Imperial Exiles: Empress Zita and Emperor Charles in Madeira, 1921.

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86. Journey of No Return: ‘The Flying Dutchman’, KLM poster, 1938.

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87. Malaysian Airways Flight MH 370: to date an unsolved mystery.

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88. Unterschweinstiege, the ‘Lower Wild Boar Ascent’, Frankfurt Stadtwald.