SOURCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY

Documents

The records of the Italian Army relating to the invasion of Tripoli are held in the Carteggio Libia at the Archivio dell’Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito in Rome. The archive also holds material relating to the invasion of the Aegean Islands.

Documents from the political arena, can be found in the Carte Giolitti at the Archivio Centrale dello Stato, and in the Ministero degli Affari Esteri, Archivio di Gabinetto Casella, also in the Italian capital.

Many of the documents from the Italian Archives appear in the official history of the Campagna di libia, published in five volumes between 1922 and 1927, by the Ministry of War and the historical office of the Army General Staff:

Volume I: Parte generale - operazione in Tripolitania dall’inizio della campagna alla occupazione di Punta Tagiura (ottobre-dicembre 1911) (Roma, Stabilimento Poligrafico per l’Amministrazione della Guerra, 1922).

Volume II: Operazioni in Tripolitania dal Dicembre 1911 (dopo l’occupazione di Punta Tagiura) alla fine dell’agosto 1912 (Roma, Stabilimento Poligrafico per l’Amministrazione della Guerra, 1923).

Volume III: Le operazioni a Homs, al confine tunisino e a Misurata (periodo ottobre 1911-agosto 1912) (Roma: Stabilimento Poligrafico per l’Amministrazione della Guerra, 1924).

Volume IV: Le operazioni in Cirenaica (periodo ottobre 1911-agosto 1912) (Roma: Stabilimento Poligrafico per l’Amministrazione della Guerra, 1925).

Volume V: Appendice (periodo ottobre 1911-Agosto 1912) (Roma; Stabilimento Poligrafico per l’Amministrazione della Guerra, 1927).

Documents relating to Italian naval operations are covered in two volumes published in 1918 and 1926 entitled Guerra italo-turca (1911-1912): Cronistoria delle operazioni navali.

Volume I: Roncagli, Giovanni (Ed.). Dalle origini al decreto di sovranità su la Libia (Milano; Ulrico Hoepli, 1918).

Volume II: Manfroni, Camillo (Ed.). Dal decreto di sovranità su la Libia alla conclusione della pace. (Roma; Stabilimento Poligrafico Editorial Romano, 1926).

In relation to the Aegean Islands, much of the documentation has been published in: Pasqualini, M G. L’esercito italiano nel Dodecaneso 1912-1943, speranze e realtà, i documenti dell’Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito (Roma; Archivio dell’Ufficio Storico dello Stato Maggiore dell’Esercito, 2006).

There is of course a problem respecting Ottoman documents from the period inasmuch, to quote the modern Turkish historian Taner Akcam, ‘these sources are in the Ottoman language – Turkish written in Arabic script, with a strong influence from Persian and Arabic – and require special skills to read.’ Fortunately many of the relevant sources have been read and used in the Turkish Armed Forces history of the conflict: Ertuna, Hamdi. TSK [Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri] Tarihi Osmanli Devri, Osmanli-Italyan Harbi (1911-1912) (Ankara; Genelkurmay Basimevi, 1981). Similarly, documents relating to the Aegean Islands can be found in im ir, Bilâl N (Ed.). Ege Sorunu: Belgeler Cilt-1 1912-1913 (Ankara; Türk Tarih Kurumu Yayınları, 1976). Greece has also published documents relating to these islands: Divanis, L, Constantopoulou, F et al. The Dodecanese: The Long Road to Union with Greece. Diplomatic Documents from the Historical Archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Athens; Kastaniotis, 1997). See also: Stephanopoli, Jeanne Z. Les Iles de l’Egee Leurs Privileges (avec documents et notes statistiques) (Atene; Apostolopoulos, 1912).

The UK National Archives at Kew hold the records of Consular Court Cases in Egypt. FO 841/121 Hassib Ydlibiv (sic). Mohd. Sherif Smallwood k/a John Warren Stuart Smallwood.

Documents pertaining to the conflict in relation to the other European Great Powers can be found in various published works, the most important of which are:

Commission de publication des documents relatifs aux origines de la guerre de 1914. Documents diplomatiques francais 1871-1914. 3. serie (1911-1914) tome 1 (Paris; Imprimerie nationale, 1929).

Dugdale, E T S (Selected and Trans.). German Diplomatic Documents, 1871-1914.Vol. IV The Descent to the Abyss, 1911-14 (London: Methuen, 1931).

Gooch, G P and Temperley, H W V (Eds.). British Documents on the Origins of the War: 1898-1914, Volume V, The Near East, the Macedonian Problem and the Annexation of Bosnia, 1903-1909 (London; HMSO, 1928).

Gooch, G P and Temperley, H W V (Eds.). British Documents on the Origins of the War: 1898-1914, Vol. IX, The Balkan Wars, Part I, The Prelude: The Tripoli War (London; HMSO, 1933).

Horne, Charles F, Austin, Walter F, and Ayres, Leonard P (Eds.). Source Records of the Great War, Volume 3, AD 1915 (Indianapolis, IN; The American Legion, 1931).

Pribram, Alfred Franzis. The Secret Treaties of Austria-Hungary 1879-1914 (Cambridge; Harvard University Press, 1920) Vol. I.

Scott, James Brown (Ed.). Diplomatic Documents Relating to the Outbreak of the European War, Part I (New York; Oxford University Press, 1916).

Internet

Cour Permanente D’arbitrage, Affaire du Carthage. France contre Italie. Sentence Arbitrale, La Haye, Le 6
Mai 1913. http://untreaty.un.org/cod/riaa/cases/vol_XI/449-461.pdf

Cour Permanente D’arbitrage, Affaire du Manouba. France contre Italie. Sentence Arbitrale, La Haye, Le 6
Mai 1913. http://untreaty.un.org/cod/riaa/cases/vol_XI/463-479.pdf

Indian Census of 1911.
http://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/old_report/Census_1911.html

Accounts by participants and eyewitnesses

Abbott, G F. The Holy War in Tripoli (London; Edward Arnold, 1912).

d’Aveline, Guy. La guerre à Tripoli, par un témoin oculaire (Paris; Charles Amat, 1912).

Bennett, Ernest N. With the Turks in Tripoli: Being Some Experiences in the Turco-Italian War of 1911 (London; Methuen, 1912).

Enver Pascha, Um Tripolis (München; Hugo Bruckmann, 1918).

Giolitti, Giovanni. Memorie della mia vita, con uno studio di Olindo Malagodi (Milano; Fratelli Treves, 1922) Volume II.

Irace, Tullio. With the Italians in Tripoli: The Authentic History of the Turco-Italian War (London; John Murray, 1912).

McClure, W K. Italy in North Africa: An Account of the Tripoli Enterprise (London; Constable, 1913).

McCullagh, Francis. Italy’s War For A Desert: Being Some Experiences Of A War Correspondent With The Italians In Tripoli (Chicago, IL; F G Browne, 1913).

Marinetti, F T. La battaglia di Tripoli 26 ottobre 1911: vissuta e cantata da F T Marinetti (Milano; Edizioni Futuriste di Poesia, 1912).

Ostler, Alan. The Arabs in Tripoli (London; John Murray, 1912).

Pàntano, Gherardo. Rapporto del 29 Luglio 1915. ‘Memoria confidenziale del Ministry delle Colonie’ in Ministero delle Colonie (Ed.), Libia: La ribellione in Tripolitania nell’anno 1915 (Roma; Tipografia del Senato, 1916)

Picciole, Felice. Diario di un bersagliere (Milano; Formichiere, 1974).

Remond, Georges. Aux Camps Turco-Arabes: Notes de Route et de guerre en Cyrénaïque et en Tripolitaine (Paris; Hachette, 1913).

Rossi, Captain Giuseppe. ‘Beschießung eines Aeroplans bei Tripolis’ in Bertha von Suttner. ‘Randglossen zur Zeitgeschichte’ in Alfred M Fried (Ed.), Die Friedens-Warte: Zeitschrift für zwischenstaatliche Organisation (Berlin; Zeitschrift für zwischenstaatliche Organisation, 1912).

Seppings Wright, H C. Two Years Under the Crescent (Boston; Small, Maynard, 1913).

Theilhaber, Felix A. Beim roten Halbmond vor Tripolis: Reiseerlebnisse von einer Fahrt ins türkisch-italienische Kriegsgebiet (Köln; Schaffstein, 1915).

Internet

Sacco, Luigi. Relazione circa le esperienze compiute dal Comm. Marconi nei giorni 16 e 17 dicembre 1911 a Tripoli. http://luigisacco.bonavoglia.eu/relazione_19111220.pdf

Accounts in Journals and Newspapers

Avanti

Berliner Lokal-Anzeiger

Cape Times

Daily Chronicle

Daily Express

Daily Mirror

La Domenica del Corriere

Evening Post

Flight: A Journal Devoted to the Interests, Practice, and Progress of Aerial Locomotion and Transport

Gazzetta Ufficiale del Regno D’Italia.

Grey River Argus

Los Angeles Times

Le Matin

New York Times

Neue Freie Presse

L’Ouest-Éclair

Pittsburg Press

Popolo d’ Italia

La Republica

The Review of Reviews

La Stampa

The Times

La Tribuna

La Voce

Vossische Zeitung

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