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Abbot, Archbishop, 249, 250, 251, 261–2
Acheson, Thomas, 14
Alcock, Anthony, 131
Alexander, Sir William, 70
Algonquin people, 105, 220
Althorp house, Northamptonshire, 46–7
America, xix, xx, 104–7, 146–9, 217–18, 220–2, 238–9
Ana Maria, Infanta, 209, 210
Andrewes, Bishop Lancelot, 78
Anne of Denmark, Queen: arrival in Scotland (1590), 4; birth of Henry (1594), 4, 6–7; background of, 4–6, 13; and Catholicism, 5, 6, 8–9, 21, 34, 198, 209–10, 225, 228; and Mar family, 6, 10, 41–4, 205; and ‘the keeping of the Prince’, 7–8, 10, 20–1, 22, 34, 42; and Scottish court split, 8–9, 10, 21–3, 34–5, 41–3; and Henry’s christening, 15, 16–17; James becomes King of England (1603), 39–41; at Stirling (1603), 41–4; miscarries (1603), 42, 44–5; progress to England (1603), 44–7, 48, 49; crowned at Westminster (1603), 49; official entry into London (1604), 57; and Henry’s Nonsuch household, 64–5; and marital diplomacy, 93, 165, 209–10, 212–13; at New Exchange, 103; and James’s male favourites, 124, 126–7, 154, 164, 202–5; and Henry’s investiture, 177–8; and Coryate’s Crudities, 208; and Frederick V, 245, 246; and sickness of Henry, 251; and death of Henry, 254
Antwerp, Treaty of (1609), 137, 141
art works, xix–xx, 5, 23, 65, 107–8, 179, 189, 196–7, 209, 231–2, 233
Arundel, Earl of, 154, 198, 201, 228, 229–30
Aston, Robert, 21
Aston, Sir Roger, 200
astronomy and cosmography, 5, 69, 103, 132, 167, 196
Augsburg, Peace of (1555), 89, 121–2
Austrian house of Habsburg, 88, 110–11, 174
Bacon, Sir Francis, 134, 175, 186, 234
Bales, Peter, 66
Barclay, Alexander, 7
Basse, William, 66
Bavaria, Maximilian of, 121, 138
Beaumont, Francis, 66, 135
Bedford, Lucy Russell, Countess of, 45, 46, 50, 64, 190
Belvoir Castle, Rutland, 240
Bothwell, Earl, 8, 21
Bouillon, Duke of, 211, 225–6, 228
Brahe, Tycho, 5, 132
Brandenburg, Margrave of, 138
Brooke, Christopher, 207
Broughton, Hugh, 73
Browne, Sir William, 171
Brunswick, Duke of, 80
Brunswick, Frederick Ulrich, Prince of, 165, 166, 179
Buchanan, George, 27, 49
Burghley, Lord, 174
Burton, Henry, 72, 195, 262
Butler, Master, 247–8
Button, Admiral Thomas, 218
Buwinckhausen, Benjamin, 122
Caesar, Sir Julius, 101
Calvert, Samuel, 189
Calvinism, 24, 35, 121, 225, 239–40; Scottish kirk, 4, 5, 6, 10, 15, 25, 27, 29, 32, 53; in Dutch free states, 10, 231, 246; and monarchical theory, 15, 25, 27, 119; theory of predestination, 26, 52; international, 31–2, 52, 79, 84, 246; Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; Henry’s household, 72–3, 88, 110, 119, 120; Henry’s personal chaplains, 72–3, 195; and Peace of Augsburg, 89, 122; Waldensians, 211; excised by Charles I (1630s), 262–3
Camden, William, 133
Campion, Thomas, 207, 238, 256
Carey, Sir Henry, 198
Carleton, Dudley, 236
Carr, Sir Robert, Viscount Rochester, 99, 124–5, 127, 136, 154, 188, 189; as Gentleman of the Bedchamber, 124, 126, 164, 202; money and gifts to, 124, 125–6, 128, 163, 200, 201; and Ralegh’s Dorset estates, 125–6, 163; and Frances Howard, 190, 191, 236; titles and honours, 201–2, 235–6; slighting of the queen, 202–3; attempts to court queen and Henry, 204–5, 236; and death of Salisbury, 235–7; as James’ private secretary, 237, 242, 243; and Prince Charles, 256, 262
Catholicism: revival of militant form of, xx, 19, 86–8, 90, 121–2, 138, 141, 228, 229; and Anne of Denmark, 5, 6, 8–9, 21, 34, 198, 209–10, 225, 228; and Holy Roman Empire, 5, 13, 88–9, 121, 122, 137–41; and Scottish court split, 8–9, 21, 23, 41–3, 82; Henri IV’s conversion to, 10, 13; ‘court Catholicism’, 34, 51, 66, 81, 84–5, 198, 215, 216, 225, 228, 229–30; and the Howards, 51, 66, 84–5, 198, 215; Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; and Church of England, 53, 73; Main and Bye plots (1603), 57–8, 79; Jesuits (Society of Jesus), 58, 79, 87–8, 169, 171, 229; gunpowder plot, 77–82; stati liberi, 87–8; and marital diplomacy, 93, 166, 169, 170, 210, 211, 213, 215–16, 225, 228, 229–30; assassination of Henri IV, 169–70, 171–2; Gorges’ recusant bill, 197–8; and Henry’s death, 254; see also Spain, Habsburg
Caus, Salomon de, 196
Cecil, Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury: as Elizabeth’s first minister, 18, 20, 21, 22, 34, 62; Cecil faction, 30; proclaims James as King of England (1603), 39; as James’ Secretary of State, 50–3, 58, 63, 75, 93; and crown prince’s household, 59, 62, 63, 79, 99–100, 112, 194, 195; and Venetian crisis, 88; and Henry’s foreign intelligence, 93, 111, 139; and the Stuarts’ finances, 101, 128, 161, 162–3, 164, 198–9, 200–1; New Exchange, 102–3; power and wealth of, 102–3, 104, 107–8, 128–9, 192, 193; as Lord Treasurer, 104, 202, 235; and Prometheus, devoured by the eagle, 107, 108; and ‘guardianship of wards’, 128–9; and Henry’s investiture, 130, 171, 172, 175, 177; and Virginia Company, 147, 148; and Henry’s political involvement, 158, 159; and Carr’s advancement, 164, 202, 205; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 168–9, 170; and Gorges’ recusant bill, 198; and Overbury’s banishment, 203–4; and marital diplomacy, 210, 211, 214, 215, 216; death of (1612), 235–7
Cecil, Sir Edward, 79, 97–8, 100, 168, 179–82, 215, 231, 232
Cecil, Thomas, 39, 174
Cecil, William, 1st Baron Burghley, 62
Cecil, William, Viscount Cranborne, 64, 109, 111–12, 168, 174, 235, 255
Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 62–4, 66, 101, 105, 120, 134, 171, 215; upbringing with Cecil, 62, 96; and science, 62–3, 104, 134, 167; as Lord Chamberlain of Henry’s court, 195; and death of Henry, 255, 262, 263
Chamberlain, John, 236
Chapman, George, xx, 135, 143, 195, 256; Memorable Masque, 238–9
Charles Stuart, Prince (brother of Henry, later King Charles I): birth of (1600), 23; father becomes king of England, 40, 41; as a weedy child, 43, 45, 70; and brother Henry, 70–1, 99, 208, 248, 256; as Duke of York and Albany, 94; and Lawyer-orator wits, 135; at Whitehall Palace (Epiphany 1610), 154; lessons in ‘prudential politics’, 160; at Henry’s investiture, 174; made Lord High Admiral, 218, 219; speech impediment, 233; greets Frederick V (October 1612), 245; and death of Henry, 254, 256–7, 261, 262; corruption and tyranny of personal rule, 262–3, 265; death warrant of, xxi, 263, 264; execution of (January 1649), 265
Charles V of Spain, 88
Chaucer, Geoffrey, The Canterbury Tales, 133
Cheke, Colonel, 181
Chesapeake Bay, 106–7
Christian III, King of Denmark, 5
Christian IV, King of Denmark, 4–5, 80, 90–1, 223
Christine of France, 225–6, 228–9, 242–3
Church of England, 73, 84, 240, 265
Cicero, 31, 33, 68, 157, 159
Cioli, Signor, 229–30
Civil War, xix, 120, 263, 264–5
Cleland, James, 65–6, 96
Clement VIII, Pope, 34
Cleves, Duke John William of, 137–8
Clifford, Lady Anne, 48, 49
Connock, Richard, 128, 135, 160–1
Coombe Abbey, Northamptonshire, 50
Cornwall, Duchy of, 94, 104, 128
Cornwallis, Sir Charles, 125, 141, 159, 160, 190, 195, 215–16, 230, 255, 262
Coryate, Thomas, 109, 112–16, 134, 135, 136, 195–6, 211, 231; Crudities, 206–8; ‘Banquet of the Wits’, 207, 256; death of, 263–4
Cotton, Rowland, 66, 73
Cotton, Sir Robert, 66, 142, 264
Cranborne, William, Viscount, see Cecil, William, Viscount Cranborne
Cranfield, Lionel, 206
Cranmer, Thomas, 133
Crashaw, William, 140–1, 220
Cromwell, Sir Oliver, 105
Cumberland, Countess of, 48
Cunningham, David, Bishop of Aberdeen, 15
Cyrus the Great, 80, 81
Dale, Sir Thomas, 220–1
Dallington, Robert, 66, 135, 159, 160
Daniel, Samuel, 196
Danvers, Sir John, 264
Darnley, Lord, 9
Davies, John, 207
Dee, John, 62, 96, 167
Dekker, Thomas, 55
Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex, xxi, 29–30, 32, 35, 48, 63, 64, 66, 120, 265
Devereux, Robert, 3rd Earl of Essex, 64, 65, 84–5, 96, 109, 112, 115, 120, 236, 255, 264
Denmark, 4–6, 12, 39, 90–1, 223
Digby, Sir John, 254
Dodderidge, John, 105, 128, 160
Donauwörth, 121, 122, 138
Donne, John, 206, 256, 264
Doort, Abraham van der, 260
Dorset, Earl of, 101, 104
Drayton, Michael, xx, 56, 196, 207, 220, 233
Drebbel, Cornelius, 62, 167
Drummond, William, 256
Dudley, Robert, 63, 215
Duncanson, John, 15
Dutch free states, 10, 13–14, 110, 170, 174, 219; rebellion against Catholic Spain, 13–14, 31, 75, 97–8, 100, 115–16, 137
Dutton, Sir Thomas, 180
Edinburgh, 4, 17–18, 20–1, 39–40, 45
Edmondes, Sir Clement, 140
Edward VI, King, 59, 60
Elisabeth of France, 210, 213
Elizabeth Stuart, Princess (sister of Henry, later Electress Palatine): birth of (1596), 23; father becomes king of England, 40; and brother Henry, 45, 71–2, 145, 249; household at Oatlands palace, 49–50; Haringtons as guardians of, 50; and gunpowder plot, 77, 78; and marital diplomacy, 93, 165, 166, 211–13, 224, 225, 228; at Henry’s investiture, 174; in Love Freed from Ignorance and Folly, 190; and Coryate’s Crudities, 208; marriage of, 231, 238, 239–40, 241–2, 245–6, 254, 262, 266; and sickness of Henry, 245, 249; and death of Henry, 254
Elizabeth I, Queen, xix, 3, 8, 10–11, 22–3, 265; Essex rebellion (1601), xxi, 35, 48, 66, 265; executes Mary, Queens of Scots, 9; and Henry’s christening, 12–13, 14, 15, 17, 18; succession issue, 21, 29, 30, 35, 39, 43, 62; death of (1603), 35, 39
Ellesmere, Lord Chancellor, 88, 172, 177
Elphinstone, Sir James, 21
English language, 113
Erasmus, 24, 68, 157
Erskine, Master John, 6
Erskine, Thomas, 21, 200
Essex, Frances Howard, Countess of, 190–1, 236
Essex, Robert Devereux, 2nd Earl of, see Devereux, Robert, 2nd Earl of Essex
Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of, see Devereux, Robert, 3rd Earl of Essex
European tours, 109–16, 117–18, 121, 139–40
exploration, overseas, 106, 132, 146, 197, 217–18, 219, 222
Faroe Islands, 5
Faur, Guy de, Quatrains, 68
Fawkes, Guy, 77
Fennor, William, 212–13
Fenton, Viscount, 202
Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor, 88
Fermor, Sir George, 64
financial matters, 14, 100, 101–3, 125–6, 146, 160–4, 171, 179, 193, 202; Virginia Company, 105–7, 146–9, 220–2; ‘emoluments’, 127, 128–9; revenues of Prince of Wales’ estates, 127–8, 160–1; and Parliament, 162–4, 198, 200–1; and Henry’s adult court, 179, 194, 196–9; and marital diplomacy, 211, 215–16, 224–5, 226–7
Fleetwood family, 63, 147, 263
Florence, 110–11
Florio, John, 195
Foulis, David, 29–30, 61, 63, 263
Foulis, Henry, 263
Foulis, Thomas, 14
France, 10, 13, 91–4, 111, 113–14, 210, 211, 225–6, 228–9, 242–3; double marriage contract with Spain, 170, 213; see also Henri IV, King of France
Frederick IV of the Palatinate, 121, 122, 165–6, 213
Frederick V of the Palatinate, 211–13, 225, 228, 231, 238, 239–40, 241, 245–6, 254, 262, 266; as heir to the Elector Palatine, 79–80, 122–3, 165–6
French Herald (pamplet), 213–14
Fyvie, Lord, 41–2, 94
Galileo, 5
Galloway, Patrick, 15–16
Garnet, Father, 58
Gates, Sir Thomas, 147, 148, 149, 220, 221
Gheyn, Jacob de, 98
Glenham, Thomas, 64
Goodyer, Sir Henry, 135
Gorges, Ferdinando, 147
Gorges, Sir Arthur, 145, 164, 197–8, 219, 256
Gouget, Monsieur, 104
Gowrie, Earl of, 10
Gresham, Thomas, 102*
Guazzo, Francesco Maria, 138
gunpowder plot, 77–82
Gurrey, Dr, 65, 72–3
Hall, Joseph, 72–3, 195, 256
Hammond, Dr, 242, 247
Hampton Court, 108
Harington, John, 64, 65, 66, 96, 120, 206, 255, 264; European tour by, 109–11, 112, 116, 117–18, 121, 139–40; and Tacitus, 117–19
Harington, Lord, 78
Harriot, Thomas, 103, 105, 196, 220
Hay, James, Earl of Carlisle, 154, 200, 235
Hayward, Sir John, 133
Heidelberg, 121, 132
Helwis, Edward, 232
Henri IV, King of France, 6, 44, 77–8, 111, 113, 118, 201, 209, 210, 213–14; conversion to Catholicism, 10, 13; and Henry’s christening, 12–13; and Venetian crisis, 89, 90, 91–2; cultivation of Prince Henry, 91–4; and Dutch–Spanish truce, 100; and Evangelical Union, 122, 140, 168, 169, 170; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 140, 141, 142, 168, 169; assassination of (14 May 1610), 169–70, 171–2
Henrico township, 221
Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince: and America, xix, xx, 105, 106–7, 146, 147, 148, 149, 217–18, 220–2, 238–9; effigy of, xix, xxi, 260, 261, 266; birth of, 3–4, 6–9; early childhood, 6–9, 10–11, 20–1; fostered out to the Mars, 7–8, 20–1, 22, 28, 29, 30–1, 40–4; Catholic earls’ kidnap plan, 8; christening of, 12–19; first portrait of, 23; schooling of, 24–6, 27–34, 61, 66, 68–70, 71, 79, 80–1; first official letter (1600), 31; handwriting, 31, 66; personality, 31, 99, 144, 145; precociousness of, 31, 32, 33, 49, 94–5; father becomes king of England, 40–1; with mother at Stirling (1603), 42–4; progress to England (1603), 44–7, 48, 49; at Oatlands palace, 49–50; first British Christmas (1603), 51; at Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; official entry into London (1604), 55–9; and tavern wits, 56–7, 134–6, 193, 207–8; first British household (at Nonsuch and St James’s), 59, 60–7, 68–75, 79, 86–8, 131; as cavalryman, 61, 69, 92, 93–4, 98–9; Peake’s hunting picture of, 65; affinity with the sea, 66–7, 74, 75, 91, 145, 146, 183–4, 218–20, 222–3; and first ship Disdain, 66–7, 74, 75; personal chaplains, 72–3, 79, 195, 196; and Treaty of London (1604), 75–6; and gunpowder plot, 77–81; views on effeminacy, 80–1; Mar proposes removal to Scotland (1606), 82–3; and union proposals, 83, 84–5; and Venetian crisis, 87–8, 89–90, 91–2; bond with Protestant rulers, 89–90, 123, 138–9, 140–1, 165–7, 209, 213–14, 222–3, 239–40, 242–3; and Christian IV’s visit (1606), 90–1; given the Victory, 91; French cultivation of, 91–4; and marital diplomacy, 93, 169, 209–16, 224–30, 242–3, 247; collegiate court of St James’s, 96–100, 101–5, 109–16, 117–20, 127–9, 131–6, 140–3, 146; and financial matters, 100, 101–3, 127–9, 146, 147–8, 160–4, 171, 179, 193, 194, 196–9; and Sir Walter Ralegh, 105, 126, 142, 145, 212, 219, 228–9; European tours of followers, 109–16, 117–18, 121, 139–40; love of history, 117–20, 132–3, 157, 160; and neo-Stoicism, 118–20, 157, 160, 226, 234; political philosophy, 118–20, 158–60; and Palatine delegation (1608), 123; and James’s male favourites, 124–7, 154, 164, 191, 200–5, 235–7; warned against gallants and favourites, 125, 164, 201; investiture as Prince of Wales, 127, 129–30, 160–3, 164, 171–8; issue of ‘emoluments’, 127, 128–9; reaches ‘adulthood’ (19 February 1609), 127–8; and Pett’s trial, 144–5, 146; ‘barriers’ at Whitehall Palace (Epiphany 1610), 153–7; ‘Oratio Serenissimi Principis ad Regem’, 157–60; and Württemberg’s party (1610), 166–7; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 168–9, 170–1; adult court, 179, 182, 194–9, 206–8, 231–3, 255–7, 262, 263–4; and Jülich-Cleves campaign, 179, 180–1, 182, 222; launch of Prince Royal, 183–4; and Twelfth Night 1611 masques/entertainments, 185–9; and Lady Essex, 190–1; and Carr’s advancement, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205; joins Privy Council, 204; Oliver’s miniature of, 233; spoken voice of, 233; physical appearance/bearing, 233–4; and death of Salisbury, 235–7; summer progress (1612), 240–1; first signs of ill health, 242, 244, 245–6; severe illness, 247–52; death of (6 November 1612), 252, 253–4; lying in state of, 255; funeral of, 260–2, 266
Henry VIII, King, 60, 232
Herbert, George, 256
Herbert, Philip, 51
Hesse, Landgrave of, 80, 166
Hesse, Otto of, 212
Hobart, Henry, 175
Holbein, Hans, 68
Hole, William, 206
Holland, Hugh, 207
Holles, Denzil, 264
Holles, Sir John, 141, 163, 195, 212, 224, 225, 243, 255, 257, 262, 264
Holstein, Duke of, 51, 80
Holy Roman Empire: and house of Oldenburg, 4–5; and Catholicism, 5, 13, 88–9, 121, 122, 137–41; Electors, 13, 79, 212; nature of, 88–9; Donauwörth crisis, 121–2, 138; and Evangelical Union, 122–3, 138, 140, 165–6, 167–9, 170, 213; Jülich-Cleves crisis, 137–41, 165–6, 167–71, 222; northern Rhineland area, 137–41; Catholic League, 138, 141; Jülich-Cleves campaign, 179–82, 222
Hoskyns, John, 207
Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton 49, 51, 59*, 66, 67, 70, 198, 200, 215
Howard, Thomas, Earl of Suffolk, 51, 66, 84–5, 175, 200, 202, 215
Howard, Charles, Earl of Nottingham, 49, 59*, 74–5, 83, 183, 218
Hudson, Henry, 217, 218
Huguenots, 6, 13, 196, 211, 214, 225–6, 243, 247; and theory of monarchy, 28; migrants to England, 66, 84, 92; Marie de’ Medici’s attacks on, 210, 229
Hume, George, Earl of Dunbar, 200
Huntingdon, Earl of, 173, 174–5
Huntly, Henrietta Stuart, Countess of, see Stuart, Henrietta, countess of Huntly
infant mortality, 7
intelligent design theory, 167
James Stuart, VI and I, King: ‘court cormorants’ (young male favourites), 124–7, 136, 154, 164, 191, 200–5, 235–7, 257 see also Carr, Robert; and birth of Henry, 3, 7–9; and Denmark, 5, 12, 39, 90–1, 223; childhood of, 6, 9, 27, 31, 69; and ‘the keeping of the Prince’, 7–8, 10, 20–1, 22, 34, 42; and Catholic earls’ kidnap plan, 8; Scottish court split, 8–9, 10, 21–3, 34–5, 41–3; kidnapped by Protestants as child, 9; and Esmé Stewart, 10; sexuality, 10, 124; and financial matters, 14, 100, 101, 103, 147–8, 160–4, 171, 200–1, 202; Basilikon Doron (‘The King’s Gift’), 24–5, 27, 40, 53, 54, 69, 125, 157; and Henry’s schooling, 24–6, 27–34, 61, 69–70, 71; deep love of learning, 25, 69, 97, 159; The True Lawe of Free Monarchies, 25–6, 157–8; and Catholicism, 34, 52, 53, 171, 210; becomes King of England (1603), 39–41; and Anne at Stirling (1603), 41–4; at Windsor (1603), 48–9; crowned at Westminster (1603), 49; English ministers, 50–1, 58–9; his ‘trinity of knaves’, 50–1; first British Christmas (1603), 51–2; Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; official entry into London (1604), 55–9; new version of the Bible, 73; union proposals, 83–5; and Dutch–Spanish truce, 100; and Virginia Company, 105–6, 146, 147–8; and neo-Stoicism, 120; and Evangelical Union, 122–3, 170, 213; and Lumley’s library, 131; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 140, 141, 142, 168–9, 170; and Pett’s trial, 144–5; and English kingcraft, 158–9; at Henry’s investiture, 175–6; dissolves Parliament (February 1611), 201; selling of titles by, 201; and Coryate’s Crudities, 208; and marital diplomacy, 210, 211, 212–13, 225, 226; and Lord High Admiral post, 218–19; summer progress (1612), 240–1; and death of Henry, 248, 249–50, 253–4, 256–7; dismantles Henry’s court, 262, 263, 265
Jamestown settlement, 106–7, 146, 148–9, 220–1
Jesuits (Society of Jesus), 58, 79, 87–8, 169, 171, 229
Johnson, Robert, 147, 221–2
Johnson, Robert (lutenist), 188, 196
Joinville, Prince de, 92–4
Jones, Inigo, xx, 135, 153–4, 185, 196, 206
Jonson, Ben, xx, 46–7, 55, 86, 102, 135, 154–6, 206–7, 208; Hymenaei, 84–5; ‘Oberon, The Faerie Prince’, 186–9, 200; Love Freed from Ignorance and Folly, 189–91, 200; Catiline, His Conspiracy, 191–3, 197; Love Restored, 226–7
Jülich-Cleves, state of, 137–41, 165–6, 167–71, 179–82, 222
Kepler, Johannes, 5, 132
King’s Men, 56, 191
la Boderie, Monsieur de, 91–2, 99, 104, 145, 166
La Warr, Admiral Lord De, 220–1
Lake, Sir Thomas, 200
Laud, Archbishop, 262–3
Laverdin, Marshal de, 210
Leicester, Earl of, 31, 32, 120
Lennox, Esmé Stuart, 1st Duke of, see Stuart, Esmé, 1st Duke of Lennox
Lennox, Ludovic Stuart, 2nd Duke of, see Stuart, Ludovic, 2nd Duke of Lennox
Leopold, Archduke, 138, 140, 168, 170, 181, 182
Lescarbot, Marc, Nova Francia, 149
Lewkenor, Sir Lewis, 206
Lindsay, David, Minister of Leith, 15
Linlithgow palace, 21–2
London, Treaty of (1604), 75–6, 93
Lorkin, Mr, 229
Lotti, Ottaviano, 209–10, 215, 229
Louis XIII, King of France, 170, 210, 213
Lumley, Lord, 61, 131–2, 133
Lydiat, Thomas, 103, 196
Lyon, Lord, 16
Magdalen College, Oxford, 65
Maitland, Sir John, 21
Mar, Earl of, 10, 24, 27, 28, 29, 30, 40, 42–4, 48, 82–3
Mar, Lady Annabella Murray, Dowager Countess of (Lady Minnie), 6, 7, 20, 41
Mar family, 4, 6, 9, 10, 29, 31; and Anne of Denmark, 6, 10, 41–4, 205; Henry fostered out to, 7–8, 20–1, 22, 28, 29, 30–1, 40–4; and Scottish court split, 8–9, 21, 22, 42–4; discharge of, 44
Marcelline, George, 214
Margaret, Princess (sister of Henry), 23, 40
Margaret Tudor, 18
marital diplomacy, 93, 165, 166, 170, 209–16, 224–30, 242–3, 247
Martin, Richard, 206
Mary, Queens of Scots, 9, 51, 233
Mastertoun, Margaret, 7, 20
Maunsell, Sir Robert, 145
Mayerne, Dr Theodore, 247, 248, 249–50, 253
Mecklenburg, Sophie of, 5
Medici, Caterina de’, 210, 215–16, 230
Medici, Cosimo II de’, 110–11, 209
Medici, Marie de’, 170, 210, 213, 229
Melville, Andrew, 15, 27, 49–50; ‘Principis Scoti-Britannorum Natalia’, 17–19
Merchant Taylors’ Company, 101–2, 158
Mermaid tavern, Bread Street, 56–7, 134, 135
Middleton, Thomas, 55
Milan, 114, 166, 211
Milburne, Richard, 196, 249
military matters: and Henry’s adult court, xx, 182, 196–7, 231, 232–3; and Henry’s schooling, 25, 31–3, 74–5, 79; and collegiate court at St James’s, 97, 98–9, 103, 140–3; and Maurice of Nassau, 97–8, 231, 232; Henry as cavalryman, 98–9; ‘Propositions for War’ (anonymous tract), 141–2; ‘barriers’ at Whitehall Palace (Epiphany 1610), 153–7; Flushing Company, 223; Helwis’ miniature army, 232
Mitre tavern, Fleet Street, 56–7, 134, 135–6
Molino, Venetian ambassador, 81–2, 86
monarchy, theory of: and Calvinism, 15, 25, 27, 119; absolutism, 26, 27, 29, 30, 50, 79, 119, 120, 157–8, 163, 201, 265; divine right of kings, 26, 27, 50; contractual monarchy, 27, 28, 53, 79, 136, 158; and Essexians, 29, 30, 265; and Cecil faction, 30; and Tacitus, 117–20, 133, 136; Henry’s ‘Oratio Serenissimi Principis ad Regem’, 157–8, 160; king in Parliament, 200–1, 216, 265
Moncrieff, Dr Gilbert, 7
Montagu, James, 72
Montgomery, Earl of, 169
Montrose, Lord Chancellor of Scotland, 41, 43
More, George, 105, 206
Murray, David (of Gorthly), 29, 54, 61, 104, 120, 134, 200; as Keeper of the Privy Purse, 179, 195; closeness to Henry, 195, 230, 250–1, 255, 261; dismissed by James, 262
Murray, John, 200
music, 73, 101–2, 133–4, 176, 177, 185–6, 188, 239
Naismith, Dr, 247, 251
Nassau, Henry of, 246, 247
Nassau, Prince Maurice of, 5, 13, 31, 79, 97–8, 115–16, 212, 221, 231, 232; The Exercise of Arms for Calivers, Muskets and Pikes (1607), 98; and Dutch–Spanish truce, 100; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 140, 141, 142, 168, 170; and Jülich-Cleves campaign, 179–82
National Portrait Gallery, London, xxii
neo-Stoicism, 118–20, 157, 160, 226, 234, 265
Newton, Sir Adam, 33, 50, 54, 88, 100, 104, 120, 206; as Henry’s principal tutor, 24, 27–9, 61–2, 68, 70, 71, 80; political vision of, 28; as Dean of Durham, 61; as Henry’s private secretary, 195, 237; and death of Henry, 255–6
Nicolson, George, 22
Noies, John, 173–4, 177
Nonsuch Palace, 60–7, 68–70, 74–5, 131
Northampton, Henry Howard, Earl of, see Howard, Henry, Earl of Northampton
Northumberland, Henry Percy, Earl of, 132
Northwest Passage Company, xx, 217–18, 219, 261
Nottingham, Charles Howard, Earl of, see Howard, Charles, Earl of Nottingham
Oatlands palace, 49–50
Oliver, Isaac, 179, 233
Orkney Islands, 5
Overbury, Thomas, 191, 202–4
Owen, John, 207
Palatinate, 79–80, 121, 122, 132, 165–6, 211, 212, 213; see also Frederick V of the Palatinate
Palma, Giacoba, Prometheus, devoured by the eagle, 107, 108
Parliament, 162–4, 172–7, 198, 200–1, 216, 265
Paul V, Pope, 87
Peacham, Henry, 256
Peake, Robert, 65
Pembroke, William Herbert, Earl of, 48, 127, 147, 200–1, 236
Percy, George, 106
Pett, Phineas, 66, 75, 91, 144–5, 146, 183, 218, 219
Pfalz-Neuburg, Count Palatine of, 138
Phelips, Sir Edward, 113, 206, 263
Phelips, Sir Robert, 113, 135, 206, 263
Philip II, King of Spain, 88
Piedmont, 166, 210–11
plague, 49, 50, 52
Presbyterian Church, Scottish, 8, 9, 18, 52
Preston, Sir Richard, 31–2, 154
Price, Daniel, 256, 257
Primrose, Gilbert, 7
Prince Royal (warship), 144, 183–4, 222
Prince’s Men, 55, 156
Protestantism, xx, 31–2, 35, 48–9, 63, 229–30, 239–40, 242–3; in Denmark, 5, 90; Reformation, 10, 15, 88–9; and Henry’s christening, 12–19; Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; Treaty of London (1604), 75–6; Venetian crisis, 87–8, 89–90, 91–2; and Peace of Augsburg, 89, 121–2; Evangelical Union, 122–3, 165–6, 167–9, 170, 213; Jülich-Cleves crisis, 137–41, 165–6, 167–71, 222; Jülich-Cleves campaign, 179–82; see also Calvinism; Puritanism
Prynne, William, 262
Puckering, Thomas, 64, 229
Puritanism, 4, 72, 73–4, 81, 84, 173–4, 239–40, 264, 265; Hampton Court conference (1604), 52–4; Puritan ‘martyrs’ (1630s), 262–3
Quin, Walter, 29, 61
Ralegh, Sir Walter: and Main plot (1603), 57–8; and America, 105, 146, 220; and Prince Henry, 105, 126, 142, 145, 212, 219, 228–9, 243, 251; sequestered Dorset estates, 125–6, 163; library and laboratory in Tower, 132; History of the World, 257–8; and death of Henry, 257–9
Ravaillac, François, 169
religious wars, 10–11, 32, 89
Renaissance, 5–6, 12, 80–1, 97, 112
Riccio, David, 9
Rich, Penelope, 45, 46, 64, 190
Riche, Barnaby, 98, 125
Richmond Palace, 35, 39, 97, 131, 195, 231, 240, 241–2
Rochester, Robert Carr, Viscount, see Carr, Sir Robert, Viscount Rochester
Roanoke settlement, 146, 148
Robert, Prince (brother of Henry), 40
Roe, Thomas, 197
Roos, Lord, 230
Royal Exchange, 102*
Royal Library, xix, 131–4
Royal Navy, xix, xx, 74, 75, 91, 107, 183–4, 218–20; Pett’s trial for corruption, 144–5, 146
royal palaces, xx, 108, 195, 231–2, 240; see also individual palaces
Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 121, 138
Russell, Thomas, 134
Ruthven Raid (1582), 10
Ruthven sisters, Beatrix and Barbara, 6, 10
Rutland, Earl of, 66
Sackville, Edward, 64, 230
Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of see Cecil, Robert, 1st Earl of Salisbury
Salisbury House, 104, 107–8
Sarpi, Friar Paolo, 87–8, 138–9
Savile, Henry, 29–30, 120
Savoy, 166, 210–11, 212, 214, 224–5, 230, 242, 243
Savoy, Charles Emmanuel of, 166, 211, 212, 224–5
Savoy, Isabella of, 210–11, 224, 242, 243
Savoy hospital, the Strand, 134
Saxony, Elector of, 13
Scaramelli, Venetian ambassador, 49
Schaw, William, 12
Schenk, Martin, 116, 231
Schomberg, Count, 228
science, xx, 5, 12, 62–3, 81, 103–4, 105, 108, 131–2, 134, 167, 196
Seneca, 68, 118
Servi, Constantine de, 196
Seymour, William, 174
Shakespeare, William, 56, 73; Macbeth, 82; King Lear, 82–3, 94; Coriolanus, 119; A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 187; Richard II, 188
Sharpe, Dr Lionel, 79
Sherborne, Dorset, 125–6, 163
Shrewsbury, Countess of, 198
Sidney, Sir Philip, 31, 64, 120
Sidney, Sir Robert, 64, 223
Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, 72, 120
Sireniacs, 134–6
Slingsby, Sir William, 104
Somerset, Sir Thomas, 154
Sophie, Queen of Denmark, 22
Southampton, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of, 48, 105, 127, 147, 154, 169, 200–1, 236
Spain, Habsburg, 13, 14, 18–19, 166, 225; Dutch rebellion, 13–14, 31, 75, 97–8, 100, 115–16, 137; and colonial power, 19, 88, 101, 107, 147, 178, 220; Treaty of London (1604), 75–6, 93; in Sarpi’s analysis, 87–8; Venetian crisis, 87–8, 89–90; and marital diplomacy, 93, 170, 209, 210, 211, 213; and Jülich-Cleves crisis, 140, 141; and Virginia Company, 147–8, 220; double marriage contract with France, 170, 213; and death of Henry, 254
Spanish Netherlands, 137, 141, 174, 254
Spencer, Sir Robert, 46
Spenser, Edmund, The Faerie Queene, 187
Spottiswoode, John, 42
spying and intelligence, 93, 109, 110–16, 139, 229
St Antoine, Monsieur de, 92, 98
St James’s Palace, 70, 86, 96–100, 101, 102, 103–4, 127, 156–7, 232, 246–9, 255; and Lumley’s library, 131–4; James strips of Henry’s possessions, 256, 262
St Maixent college, Poitou, 28
Stirling Castle, 3, 4, 6–8, 9, 11, 16, 20–1; new chapel royal, 12, 14–16; Prince’s Tower, 27, 31; Anne of Denmark at (1603), 41–4
Stock, Richard, 264
Stuart, Lady Arbella, 166, 174
Stuart, Prince Charles, see Charles Stuart, Prince
Stuart, Princess Elizabeth, see Elizabeth Stuart, Princess
Stuart, Esmé, 1st Duke of Lennox, 10
Stuart, Henrietta, Countess of Huntly, 6, 8, 34, 44
Stuart, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, see Henry Frederick Stuart, Prince
Stuart, James see James Stuart, VI and I, King
Stuart, Ludovic, 2nd Duke of Lennox, 44, 45, 48, 154, 245
Suffolk, Thomas Howard, Earl of, see Howard, Thomas, Earl of Suffolk
Sussex, Earl of, 13, 14, 15, 175
Sylvester, Josuah, 68, 256
Tacitus, 29–30, 117–20, 133, 136, 157, 159, 160, 265
Tallis, Thomas, 133, 176
Tesimond, Father, 58
Thirty Years’ War (1618–48), xxi, 115
Thomas Lydiat, 132
Tindall, Robert, 106–7, 179
Tourneur, Cyril, 256
Tovey, John, 110, 139
Trevor, Sir John, 145
Trumbull, William, 189, 200, 253
Tufton, Sir Humphrey, 264
Tuscany, 209–11, 214, 215–16, 225, 229–30
Union Jack, 83
Van Nyevelt, Captain Abraham, 231
Venice, 49–50, 87–8, 89–90, 91–2, 112, 114–15, 116, 117
Vere, Lady Susan, 51
Virgil, Aeneid, 70
Virginia Company, 105–7, 146–9, 220–2
Waldegrave, Robert, 18
Walsingham, Sir Francis, 10–11
Warwick, Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of, 264
Waymouth, Captain George, 179–80, 182, 231
Webster, John, 216, 256
Weldon, Anthony, 125
Wenham, Ferdinando, 147
Wenman, Thomas, 64, 66
Wentworth, Sir Thomas, 163, 263
Westminster Abbey, xix, xxii, 261–2, 266
Whitaker, Laurence, 206
White, John, 105, 220
Whitehall Palace, 153–6, 166, 245
Wilkinson, Robert, 246–7
William the Silent, 10
Willich, Jodocus, 133
Winwood, Sir Ralph, 169, 170, 236
Woodstock (hunting lodge), 240–1
Worcester, Earl of, 175
Wotton, Sir Henry, 89–90, 107, 112, 114, 116, 236
Wright, Edward, 132, 196
Württemberg, Duke of, 121, 122, 123, 165–7, 254
Young, Peter, 69
Zuniga, Don Pedro de, 147–8