NOTES ON SOURCES

GENERAL

Shirley W. Wiencke’s When the Wattles Bloom Again: The Life and Times of William Barak, Last Chief of the Yarra Yarra provides an excellent overview of the fate of the Melbourne Aborigines following settlement. I thank her for sending me a copy of her book. Robyn Annear’s Bearbrass: Imagining Early Melbourne, published by Vintage, is a highly entertaining and well-researched work that breathes life into the infant settlement. James Grant and Geoffrey Serle’s The Melbourne Scene 1803–1956, first published by Hale &Iremonger in 1957, is a comprehensive history of the city and a useful work for those interested in further reading. With Michael Cannon as editor in chief, the eight volumes that comprise The Historical Records of Victoria also contain a treasure-trove of material, published by the Public Records Office, Melbourne, 1991–98.

FRANCIS WILLIAM LAUDERDALE ADAMS (1862–93)

The piece ‘Melbourne and her Civilisation’ was published in Adams’ famous collection Australian Essays, William Inglis & Co, Melbourne, 1886.

ANONYMOUS

‘Melbourne As It Is, and As It Ought to Be’ is a thirteen-page pamphlet printed by J. Harrison, Geelong, 1850–51. It is part of Volume 23 of the Victorian Pamphlet Collection held at the State Library of Victoria.

ANONYMOUS

This piece that foreshadowed Eureka first appeared in an anonymous London publication called Social Manners and Life in Australia: Being the Notes of Eight Years’ Experience in 1861. It is also in C. M. H. Clark’s Select Documents in Australian History, Angus & Robertson, Melbourne, 1955.

CLARA ASPINALL

Three Years in Melbourne, L. Booth, London, 1862. The years spanned are 1858–61.

WILLIAM BARAK (D.1903)

Barak’s brief history of Melbourne is held in the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria, MS 1956. A biography of Barak was privately published in 2000 by Shirley W. Wiencke under the title When the Wattles Bloom Again.

JOHN BATMAN (1801–39)

John Batman’s diary is held by the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria. Batman’s letter to John Montague appears in Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 1.

LUDOVIC DE BEAUVOIR (1846–1929)

A Voyage Round the World, John Murray, London, 1870.

RICHARD BOURKE (1777–1855)

A transcript was made of this letter from Volume 6 of Sir Richard Bourke’s papers, held in the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, A 1733.

ALFRED BUCHANAN

The Real Australia, T. F. Unwin, London, 1907.

CURTIS CANDLER (1827–1911)

‘Notes on Melbourne Life’ together with Candler’s manuscript copy of the diaries of Captain Frederick Charles Standish (c. 1848–77), original bound manuscript, MS 9502, La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria.

FRED CATO (1858–1935)

Growing Together: Letters between Frederick John Cato and Frances Bethune, edited by Una B. Porter, Queensberry Hill Press, Carlton, 1981.

CÉLESTE DE CHABRILLAN (1824–1909)

Un Deuil au bout due monde was first published in 1877. The English-language edition, translated and with an introduction and notes by Patricia Clancy and Jeanne Allen, is The French Consul’s Wife: Memoirs of Céleste de Chabrillan in Gold-rush Australia, Miegunyah Press, Carlton, 1998. The extract is reproduced here with kind permission.

JOHN CHRISTIE (1845–1927)

Transcripts were taken from Christie’s case papers held by the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria. Not yet catalogued. A largely paraphrased account of Christie’s experiences as an officer of the law was published in The Reminscences of Detective-Inspector Christie, related by J. B. Castieau, George Robertson & Co, Melbourne, 1911.

JOHN COWLEY COLES (B.1822)

The Life and Christian Experience of John Cowley Coles was published by M. L. Hutchinson, Melbourne, 1893. The title page reveals that it is ‘the history of twenty-seven years of evangelistic work in the colony of Victoria’ and that it was ‘written at the request of many friends’.

DAVID COLLER

This letter was suggested for use by the library at the Royal Botanic Gardens. The letter is housed at the Public Records Office W70/5147, unit 576, VPRS 3991/P, marked inward registered correspondence VA 475.

DAVID COLLINS (1756–1810)

David Collins held the offices of deputy judge-advocate and secretary at Port Jackson, and later that of lieutenant-governor of Tasmania. The extract used here is from a facsimile edition of Collins’ A voyage to establish a settlement in Bass’s Straits, to which is added a description of Port Phillip and an account of the landing at the Derwent in 1804, edited by John Curry, Colony Press, Melbourne, 1986.

KINAHAN CORNWALLIS (1839–1917)

The two-volume work A Panorama of The New World was published by T. C. Newby, London, in 1859. Cornwallis’ Australian experiences are dealt with in the first book.

EDWARD CURR (1820–1889)

Recollections of Squatting in Victoria: Then Called the Port Phillip District (From 1841 to 1851), Rich River Printers, Echuca, 1883.

PATRICK EDWARD CUSSEN (1792–1849)

Cussen’s letters to William Lonsdale and Charles Joseph La Trobe both appear in The Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 3.

SHERMAN FOOTED ENTON

Incidents of a Collector’s Rambles in Australia, New Zealand, and New Guinea, Lee & Shephard, Boston, 1889.

ALEXANDRE DUMAS (1825–95)

Le Journal de Madame Giovanni was first published by Cadot, Paris, 1856.

Marguerite E. Wilbur translated the work and the extract was taken from The Journal of Madame Giovanni, Liveright Publishing, New York, 1945.

LUCY ANNA EDGAR

Among the Black Boys: Being the history of an attempt at civilising some young Aborigines of Australia, Emily Faithfull, London, 1865.

EDWARD EYRE (1815–1901)

Autobiographical Narrative of Residence and Exploration in Australia 1832–1839 is from an original manuscript held in the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales, A1806. The extract here is taken from an edition edited by Jill Waterhouse, published by Caliban Books, London, 1984.

ANTOINE FAUCHERY (1827?–61)

Lettres d’un Mineur en Australie was first published in 1857. This 1965 translation by Professor A. R. Chisholm appears in Letters from a Miner in Australia, Georgian House, Middle Park, 1965.

JOHN PASCOE FAWKNER (1792–1869)

One of Melbourne’s first settlers, Fawkner was a prolific diarist and letter-writer. Many of his journals and papers can be found in the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection at the State Library of Victoria. The diary extracts selected here, which deal with his first year at ‘Phillipi’, were edited by C. P. Billot in Melbourne’s Missing Chronicle, Being the Journal of Preparations for Departure to and Proceedings at Port Phillip by John Pascoe Fawkner, Quartet Books, Melbourne 1982.

EDMUND FINN (1819–98)

The extracts used here have been taken from a facsimile edition of The Chronicles of Early Melbourne 1835 to 1852: Historical, Anecdotal and Personal, compiled by Neil Swift, published by Heritage Publications, Melbourne, 1976. The Chronicles was first published by Fergusson &Mitchell, Melbourne, 1888.

JAMES FLEMMING

Flemming travelled with Grimes aboard the Buffalo in 1802 on a voyage to investigate Bass Strait. The extract used here is from John Shillinglaw’s Historical Records of Port Phillip: The First Annals of the Colony of Victoria, first published 1879. A facsimile edition, edited and introduced with notes by C. E. Sayers, was published by William Heinemann, Melbourne, 1972.

MATTHEW FLINDERS (1744–1814)

A Voyage to Terra Australis was first published in two volumes in 1814. This extract was taken from Terra Australis: Matthew Flinders’ Great Adventures in the Circumnavigation of Australia, Text Publishing, Melbourne, 2000.

JANE FRANKLIN (1791–1875)

This piece from the Franklin papers, held in the National Library of Australia, was published in Life Lines: Australian Women’s Letters and Diaries 1788–1840, edited by Patricia Clarke and Dale Spender, Allen &Unwin, St Leonards, 1992.

CHARLES FREDERICKSEN (1872–1966?)

Transcripts were made, with kind permission, from personal papers held in the Charles Fredericksen Collection, Performing Arts Museum, Victorian Arts Centre.

JOHN FREEMAN

Lights and Shadows of Melbourne Life, Sampson Low, Marston Searle &Rivington, London, 1888.

NAT GOULD (1857–1919)

Town and Bush, George Routledge & Sons, London, 1896. A facsimile edition was published by Penguin Books in 1974.

JOHN GURNER (B.1854)

Life’s Panorama, Being Recollections and Reminiscences of Things Seen, Things Heard, Things Read, Lothian Publishing, Melbourne, 1930. Gurner’s recollections span the 1860s through to the 1890s.

GEORGE HAMILTON (1812?–1883)

Experiences of a Colonist Forty Years Ago: A Journey from Port Phillip to South Australia in 1839 and a Voyage from Port Phillip to Adelaide in 1846 was authored by ‘An Old Hand’ and published by J. Williams, Adelaide, 1880. It was republished by the Libraries Board of South Australia in 1974.

ROBERT HODDLE (1794–1881) A transcript taken from extracts in

A transcript taken from extracts in copied form of Robert Hoddle’s diary, MS 000092, Box 35/7, held by the Royal Historical Society of Victoria, Melbourne.

CARL TRAUGOTT HOEHNE (1805–72)

Extracts from the letters of Carl Hoehne in translation have been reproduced with permission. They are found in From Hamburg to Hobsons Bay:

German Emigration to Port Phillip (Australia Felix) 1848–51 by Thomas A.

Darragh and Robert N. Wuchatsch, Wendish Historical Society, Melbourne, 1999.

R. H. HORNE (1802–84)

This extract appeared in Horne’s Australian Autobiography. It was reprinted in Australia Brought to Book: Responses to Australia by Visiting Writers 1836–1939, compiled and edited by Kaye Harman, Boobook Publications, Balgowlah, 1985.

JOHN HENRY HOWITT (1831–43)

This letter, MS 10241, Box 1055/3, is housed at the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria.

RICHARD HOWITT (1799–1870)

Impressions of Australia Felix During Four Years’ Residence in That Colony:

Notes of a Voyage Round the World: Australian Poems, &c., Longman, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 1845.

WILLIAM HOWITT (1792–1879)

Land, Labour, Gold or; Two years in Victoria: with visits to Sydney and Van Diemen’s Land, Longman, Brown, Green & Longman, London, 1855.

HOWQUA

The interview with Howqua reproduced here is from a collection of reports in facsimile titled The Chinese in Victoria: Official Reports and Documents, edited by Ian F. McLaren, Red Rooster Press, Ascot Vale, 1985.

WILLIAM HILTON HOVELL (1786–1875) AND HAMILTON HUME (1797–1873)

Journey of Discovery to Port Phillip, New South Wales by Messrs W. H.

Hovell and Hamilton Hume in 1824 and 1825, compiled and edited by William Bland (1789–1868), A. Hill, Sydney, 1831. A facsimile of the first edition by the Libraries Board of South Australia appeared in 1965.

HYUW-UNG

A Chinaman’s Opinion of Us, translated by J. A. Makepeace, was published in London in 1927. It also appears in Grant and Serle’s The Melbourne Scene 1803–1956.

JOHN STANLEY JAMES (1843–96)

James’ Argus columns were published in a collection, The Vagabond Papers, introduced and edited by Michael Cannon, Hyland House, Melbourne, 1983.

CHARLES KEAN (1811-80)

This letter was drawn from The Oxford Book of Australian Letters, edited by Brenda Niall and John Thompson, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1998. The original is held at the Alexander Turnbull Library, National Library of New Zealand, qMS 1086.

WILLIAM KELLY (1813?–72)

Kelly’s two-volume work Life in Victoria or Victoria in 1853, and Victoria in 1858, Chapman & Hall, London, 1859, was dismissed as silly and inaccurate when first published. Perhaps his depictions of the rich and powerful, and his empathy with the Chinese earned him the scorn of many of his contemporaries.

JOHN HUNTER KERR (1821–74)

Glimpses of Life in Victoria penned by ‘A Resident’ was first published in Kerr’s native country by Edmunsen & Douglas, Edinburgh, 1872. It was reissued in 1996 with an introduction by Marguerite Hancock by Miegunyah Press, Carlton.

PHILLIP PARKER KING (1791–1856)

King’s diary of his visit to Melbourne in March 1837 appears in The Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 1.

EDMOND MARINLA MESLÉE (1852–93)

La Meslée’s account of Australia in the early 1880s was published as l’Aus-tralie Nouvelle, E. Plon, Paris, 1883. This extract is from The New Australia: Edmond Marin La Meslée 1883, translated, introduced and edited by Russel Ward, Heinemann Educational, London, 1973.

GEORGE LANGHORNE

George Langhorne’s 1836 remembrances of Victorian Aborigines were taken from Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 2A. The extracted statement comes from miscellaneous papers collected by Harry F. Gurner.

CHARLES JOSEPHLA TROBE (1801–75)

A copy of La Trobe’s letter to George Gipps is at the La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria, Gipps–La Trobe correspondence (boxes 71–73); the original is housed at the Dixon Library, State Library of New South Wales. La Trobe’s dispatch to Lord Earl Grey in October 1851 was drawn from C. M. H. Clark’s Select Documents in Australian History, Angus & Robertson, Melbourne, 1955.

WILLIAM LONSDALE (1800?–64)

This extract can be found in The Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 1.

GEORGE GORDON MC CRAE (1833–1927)

‘Some Recollections of Melbourne in the “Forties”’, Victorian Historical Magazine, No. 7, November 1912. The full piece was read before members of the Historical Society in November 1911 and April 1912.

GEORGIANA HUNTLY MC CRAE (1804–90)

Georgiana’s Journal: Melbourne 1841–1865, 2nd edition, Angus & Robertson, Sydney, 1966.

JOHN THOMPSON MASON (B.1844)

Mason’s journal which begins on 3 January 1865 is from Volume 4 of the manuscript collection, Eleanor S. Brockenbrough Library, The Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia, USA. Reproduced with permission.

MELBOURNE COURT REGISTER

The cases drawn from the Melbourne Court Register appear in the Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 3.

JOHN MURRAY

The Logbooks of the Lady Nelson: With the Journal of Her First Commander Lieutenant James Grant R.N., Ida Lee, Grafton & Co, London, 1915.

HUME NISBET (1849–1923)

The first Nisbet piece used here appeared in Cassell’s Picturesque Australasia, edited by E. E. Morris, Cassell & Co., London, 1887. The second is from Nisbet’s own two-volume work, A Colonial Tramp: Travels and Adventures in Australia and New Guinea, Ward & Downey London, 1891.

JOSEPH ORTON (1795–1842)

This extract is part of a report that the Reverend Orton wrote to the Wesleyan Missionary Society in London in May 1839. It appears in The Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 2A.

GEORGE AUGUSTUS SALA (B.1828)

Sala’s reportage for the English Daily Telegraph during his 1885 visit is collected in The Land of the Golden Fleece, George Augustus Sala in Australia and New Zealand in 1885, edited by Robert Dingley, Mulini Press, Canberra, 1995.

JOSHUA SLOCUM (1844– C . 1910)

Sailing Alone around the World was first published in 1900. The piece extracted here was taken from a new edition, edited and introduced by Thomas Philbrick, published by Penguin Putnam, New York, 1999.

JAMES SMITH (1820–1910)

‘Diary of James Smith 1863’, microfilm MS 9191/71, La Trobe Australian Manuscripts Collection, State Library of Victoria. The original diary is held by the Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales.

WILLIAM STRUTT (1825–1915)

Strutt wrote of his time in the country and his Australian Journal 1850–1862 is where his account of Black Thursday first appears. It is also in Documents on Art and Taste in Australia: The Colonial Period 1770–1914, edited by Bernard Smith, Oxford University Press, Melbourne, 1975.

ANTHONY TROLLOPE (1815–82)

Australia and New Zealand, Chapman & Hall, London, 1873.

RICHARD ERNEST NOWELL TWOPENY (1857–1915)

Town Life in Australia, Elliot Stock, London, 1883, and reprinted by Sydney University Press, Sydney, 1973.

JAMES HINGSTON TUCKEY (1776–1816)

An account of a voyage to establish a Colony at Port Philip [sic] in Bass’s Strait, on the south coast of New South Wales, in his Majesty’s Ship Calcutta, in the years 1802-3-4, first published by Longman, Hurst, Rees & Orme, London, 1805, and in facsimile by Colony Press, Melbourne, 1987.

FERNANDO VILLAAMIL (1845–98)

Villaamil’s voyage was published as Viaje de circunnavegación de la corbeta Nautilus, Sucesores de Ribadeneyra, Madrid, 1895. It was reprinted by Editorial Naval, Madrid, 1989. The extract used here was translated from the Spanish by Imogen Williams and hailed from a commemorative publication entitled A Visit to Australian Ports by the Spanish Corbeta Nautilus, 1892–1893: An extract printed with permission in Australia, [n.p], 1988.

WILLIAM WATERFIELD (1795–1868)

Diary extracts appear in The Historical Records of Victoria, Volume 3.

JONATHAN BINNS WERE (1805–85)

A Voyage from Plymouth to Melbourne in 1839: The Shipboard and Early Melbourne Diary of Jonathan Binns Were, C.M.G. After this document was found in the late 1950s it was published exclusively for J. B. Were & Son clients in 1964. We are pleased to acknowledge the assistance of the Melbourne offices of J. B. Were & Son in reproducing this extract.

HORACE WILLIAM WHEELWRIGHT (1815–65)

Bush Wanderings of a Naturalist, by ‘An Old Bushman’, was first published by Routledge, Warne & Routledge, London, 1861.