Afterword
1. Diamond, 344.
2. Diamond, 345.
3. Diamond, 351.
4. Diamond, 350.
5. Metcalfe, 41.
6. La Vern J. Rippley, The German-Americans, The Immigrant Heritage of America (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1976), 211.
7. John Roy Carlson, Under Cover: My Four Years in the Nazi Underworld of America—The Amazing Revelation of How Axis Agents and Our Enemies within Are Now Plotting to Destroy the United States (New York: E.P. Dutton, 1943), TK.
8. Memorandum for Mr. Ladd, January 2, 1944, file 5C, Walter Winchell FBI files, FBI Vault.
9. Memorandum for Mr. Ladd, October 17, 1943, file 5B, Walter Winchell FBI files, FBI Vault.
10. Cypher to Blanketing, London, from Charles des Graz, February 26, 1942; Letter from Hyde to Des Graz, February 23, 1942, DEFE 1/205.
11. William Samuel Stephenson, ed. British Security Coordination: The Secret History of British Intelligence in the Americas, 1940–1945, 1st Fromm international ed. (New York: Fromm International, 1999), 80.
12. Viereck v. United States, 318 U.S. 236 (1943), Justia, https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/318/236/case.html.
13. Maximilian St.-George, Lawrence Dennis, and National Civil Rights Committee. A Trial on Trial: The Great Sedition Trial of 1944 (N.p.: National Civil Rights Committee, 1946), 115.
14. Rogge, 173.
15. St.-George et al., 91.
16. St.-George et al., 116.
17. St.-George et al., 109.
18. Stephenson, 80.
19. Letter from Frederick L. Schuman to Lawrence Dennis, April 27, 1944, folder 8, box 5, Lawrence Dennis Papers; Richard Gid Powers, Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism (New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 1998), 186–87.
20. Johnson, 248.
21. Johnson, 248.
22. Winrod “Prayer Circle” letter, December 13, 1944, box 1A, folder 81, Gerald B. Winrod Papers.
23. “Sedition Trial Ends; New One Is Up to Biddle,” Chicago Tribune, December 8, 1944, 9.
24. St.-George et al.
25. Horne, 149–50.
26. Horne, 175–77.
27. Beekman, 142–23, 146–47, 154–55, 160–61.
28. Montgomery, 91.
29. Montgomery, 92–93.
30. Montgomery, 98–101.
31. Warren, 276–90.
32. Warren, 291–92.
33. Marcus, 222.
34. Harry Cook, “Fiery ’30s Radio Priest Father Coughlin Dies,” Detroit Free Press, October 28, 1979, 9A.
35. Cf. Marcus, 224.
36. Marcus, 232.
37. Jeansonne, 84.
38. Jeansonne, 89, 95; Gerald L. K. Smith FBI files, FBI Vault.
39. Bennett, 285; Jeansonne, 120, 138, 159.
40. Jeansonne, 165–67.
41. Jeansonne, 217.
42. Johnson, 252.
43. “George Sylvester Viereck Dies; Poet, Propagandist,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch March 20, 1962, 18.
44. Classified 1966 message on von Strempel, file 26, von Strempel files, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA CREST.
45. Memorandum von Strempel, file 15, p. 2; Memo to Chief, Foreign Branch “M,” April 2, 1948, file 22, von Strempel files, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA CREST.
46. Dispatch MGH-A-2573, file 18, von Strempel files, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA CREST.
47. Agent service record, file 24, von Strempel files, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA CREST.
48. Classified 1966 message on von Strempel, file 27, von Strempel files, Nazi War Crimes Disclosure Act, CIA CREST.
49. Memorandum for Mr. Ladd, December 26, 1943, p. 2, file 5C, Walter Winchell FBI file, FBI Vault.
50. Michael Sayers and Albert E. Kahn, Sabotage: The Secret War Against America (New York, London: Harper and Brothers: 1942), 195.
51. Henry Reed Hoke, Black Mail (New York: Reader’s Book Service, 1944), 35–37; “Henry Hoke, Author and Trade Editor,” New York Times, November 23, 1970, 40.
52. Stephenson, 80.
53. “Hamilton Fish; Feisty Critic of FDR,” Los Angeles Times, January 20, 1991, A42.
54. Letter from Wheeler to Sokolsky, February 29, 1944, folder 1, box 122, George E. Sokolsky Papers, Hoover Institution.
55. “Burton K. Wheeler, Former Senator, 92,” Times Record [Troy, New York], January 7, 1975, 178; “Gerald P. Nye Dies; Former U.S. Senator,” Hartford Courant [Connecticut], July 19, 1971, 10.
56. Harrington, 205.
57. Harrington, 206.
58. Harrington, 206–7.
59. Harrington, 207–8.
60. Office memorandum on O. John Rogge, January 2, 1947, O. John Rogge FBI file, file 1, FBI Vault.
61. Office memorandum on O. John Rogge, March 25, 1947, April 28, 1947, O. John Rogge FBI file, file 1, FBI Vault.
62. Office memorandum on O. John Rogge, January 22, 1951, O. John Rogge FBI file, file 1, FBI Vault.
63. Letter from J. Edgar Hoover to Rogge, June 12, 1957, O. John Rogge FBI file, file 1, FBI Vault.
64. Harold J. Wiegand, “Old Nazi Moves in U.S. and Neo-Nazis of Today,” Philadelphia Inquirer, September 20, 1961, 20.
65. “Attacks Involved Those on Both Sides of the Iron Curtain,” Los Angeles Times, March 30, 1981, 34.
66. Pendergrast, 222–26.
67. Billstein, 141–42.
68. Billstein, 142.
69. Billstein, 157.
70. Baldwin, 315.
71. Higham, 160–61.
72. Baldwin, 316; Richard Bak, Henry and Edsel: The Creation of the Ford Empire (Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, 2003), 257–58.
73. Baldwin, 316–17.
74. “Henry Ford Never Wanted His Company to Go Public,” Automotive News, June 16, 2003, http://www.autonews.com/article/20030616/SUB/306160730/henry-ford-never-wanted-his-company-to-go-public.
75. Iwanowa v. Ford Motor Co., 67 F. Supp. 2d 424 (D.N.J. 1999), October 28, 1999, Justia, http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/67/424/2375384/.
76. Billstein, 239–40.
77. Billstein, 244–45.
78. “Conclusion,” Iwanowa v. Ford Motor Co., 67 F. Supp. 2d 424 (D.N.J. 1999), October 28, 1999, Justia, http://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/67/424/2375384/.
79. Turner, 125.
80. Drew Pearson, “U.S. Attitude Feeds Distrust,” Emporia Daily Gazette [Kansas], April 26, 1945, 4.
81. Higham, 215; Martin, 24. Martin does not mention that he was the one to send Army HQ the book.
82. Higham, 222.
83. Higham, 215–16; Martin, 52–53.
84. “Ford Motor Company: Satisfactory Achievements,” Manchester Guardian, May 10, 1950, 8.
85. Esther van Wagoner Tufty, “Michigan in Washington,” Port Huron Times Herald, March 4, 1949, 9.
86. “Obituaries,” Chicago Daily Tribune, December 8, 1962, 85; “G. K. Howard, Retired Ford VP, Dies,” Detroit Free Press, December 8, 1962, 15.
87. Turner, 141.
88. Turner, 142–45.
89. Turner, 148–49.
90. Turner, 158.
91. “Peace Envoy’s Oil Helps British in War,” Salt Lake Tribune, August 17, 1941, 6A.
92. “Oil Man Davis’ Estate Put at Five to 10 Million,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch, September 6, 1941, 5.
93. “Guffey Is Uncovered as Figure in Oil Deal Made by Nazi Agent,” Pittsburgh Press, October 22, 1946, 1.
94. “Bares Boyle Aid to Settle Tax Claim for 3 Pct,” Chicago Daily Tribune, June 27, 1952, 9.
95. Bill Boyarsky, “Bradley Campaign Leader to Seek State Treasurer’s Post,” Los Angeles Times, January 3, 1974, 6.
96. Patt Morrison, “There Was Much to Love About the Inauguration,” Los Angeles Times, November 18, 2003; Valerie J. Nelson, “Doris Meyer Morell, 83; Mother of Gray Davis Helped in His Campaigns,” Los Angeles Times, October 4, 2006, B9; “Obituary: Armand Martin Morell,” Palm Beach Post, September 29, 2007, 6B.
97. Nelson, “Doris Meyer Morell”; David Ferrell, “Davis’ Friends Fall Away, Ambition Endures,” Los Angeles Times, October 10, 2002, http://articles.latimes.com/2002/oct/10/local/me-davis10.
98. Zieger, 119–25.
99. Zieger, 132–34; Dubofsky and Van Tine, 404–5.
100. Dubofsky and Van Tine, 467–69.