GLOSSARY
- Åbo
- Swedish name for Turku, the de facto capital of the province of Finland under Swedish rule.
- Antiquities Act
- Enacted in 1963, a Finnish law that protects shipwrecks and contents that are more than one hundred years old, and grants responsibility and ownership to the National Board of Antiquities.
- Archipelago Maritime Society
- A Finnish diving club that undertook an unsuccessful search for the Vrouw Maria in 1998.
- Baltic Eye
- Support vessel employed by the Pro Vrouw Maria Association for the search for the Vrouw Maria and other expeditions.
- Culture Ministry
- Formally the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Finnish ministry that oversaw the National Board of Antiquities and later the Finnish Heritage Agency.
- Encyclopédie
- A general encyclopedia published in 18th-century France, considered to represent the ideas of the Enlightenment. Edited by Denis Diderot and written by various contributors known as Encyclopédistes.
- fijnschilder
- School of Dutch Golden Age ultrarealist artists from Leiden, literally “fine painting.” Founded by Gerrit Dou.
- fluke
- On the arm of an anchor, the triangular plate that catches on the sea floor.
- fluyt
- A Dutch sailing vessel used to transport cargo in the 17th and 18th centuries.
- Galgewater
- A part of the Rhine that runs through Leiden, also a nearby street.
- genre painting
- Popular during the Dutch Golden Age, a style of painting that depicts domestic scenarios and other scenes from everyday life.
- Helsingin Sanomat
- Largest daily newspaper in Finland.
- in situ preservation
- The preservation of archeological relics and sites by leaving them in place, a concept that gained traction in archeology circles in the late 20th century.
- kedge
- A light secondary anchor.
- Kronborg
- A 16th-century Danish castle in the town of Elsinore (Helsingør in Danish), overlooking Øresund strait between Denmark and Sweden. Site of Elsinore castle in Hamlet.
- Maritime Museum of Finland (MMF)
- Established in the 1960s on Hylkysaari island in Helsinki to study and display marine archeology, under the auspices of the National Board of Antiquities. Moved in 2008 to Vellamo Maritime Center in Kotka.
- MoSS Project
- An EU-sponsored project from 2001 to 2004 that monitored four northern European shipwrecks, including the Vrouw Maria.
- National Board of Antiquities (NBA)
- Finnish agency formed in 1972 (successor to the Archeological Commission), responsible for preserving and studying archeological sites. Operates under the auspices of the Ministry of Education and Culture. Later known as the Finnish Heritage Agency (Museovirasto).
- Öresund
- (Swedish) Øresund (Danish) A strait marking the border between Denmark and Sweden, also known as the Sound.
- Pro Vrouw Maria Association
- Private nonprofit association created to search for, research, and salvage the Vrouw Maria wreck.
- Salvage Act
- A principle of maritime law that entitles a salvor to keep the rescued ship or cargo or to claim a reward of equal value, also “Finders Keepers.”
- side-scan sonar
- An echo-locating device that is dragged behind a boat to find large objects underwater.
- snow-brig
- A two-masted, square-rigged sailing vessel, popular in the Baltic in the 18th century, also snow.
- State Archeological Commission
- Finnish organization formed under Russian rule in 1884 to preserve Finnish historical monuments. Precursor to the National Board of Antiquities and the Finnish Heritage Agency.
- Teredo
- Boat belonging to Teredo Navalis Society and loaned to Pro Vrouw Maria Association for the search for the Vrouw Maria.
- Teredo Navalis Society
- A diving club based in Helsinki and named after the eponymous shipworm. Members often volunteered and worked closely with the Maritime Museum of Finland.
- UNESCO Convention on Underwater Cultural Heritage
- A 2001 convention that established a set of norms for protecting shipwrecks and other underwater archeological sites, advocating in situ preservation as the first option to consider.
- Vrouw Maria Underwater Project
- A project of the National Board of Antiquities from 2009 to 2012 to study the wreck and cargo and to examine the options for preserving the wreck.