"Briefly describe your most important exposure to clinical medicine."
(University of Maryland)
"Please describe any experiences in a clinical setting (such as a hospital, physicians office, nursing home, hospice, etc.)."
(University of New Mexico)
While shadowing a physician is almost by definition a passive activity, clinical experiences show medical schools that you've also rolled up your sleeves and personally interacted with real patients in health-care environments—even if it was only to empty bedpans. Gaining clinical experience of some kind is even more critical than shadowing. You simply must do it. Fortunately, clinical experience can take many different forms, as the following perfect phrases suggest.
When I was assigned to Barnes-Jewish Hospital's geriatrics ward a few months later, the head nurse told me to take the temperature and respiration rates of patients in Room 13. Introducing myself to my second patient, Eric, I told him what I was going to do. He nodded apathetically, but when I asked him how he felt, he began weeping. Baffled, I informed the nurse, and he said only, "He's been doing that lately." Disappointed at this response, I went back to comfort Eric and gradually learned the reason for his sadness. "I want to go home." Eric was simply lonely and homesick! I visited with him every day of his stay, and when he was discharged six days later, he turned to me and said, "Thank you very much and God bless you." I felt an indescribable surge of fulfillment and satisfaction. I learned that the best medication is often "simple" human warmth. Eric helped me see that I can really connect with people and help them feel better. That's when I knew that medicine was right for me after all.
To interact more directly with patients, I began spending my breaks and weekends at the Pullman Township nursing home. As difficult and dirty as meeting residents' most basic needs can be, in doing so, I recognized the importance of such apparently trivial actions as brushing a woman's hair or making bedside conversation with a resident while cutting his Salisbury steak. I always laugh as I scoop up pureed pork or apricots for Mrs. Seaver because she closes her eyes and insists that I wait for her to guess which food I just put in her mouth. Even to residents who are unresponsive, I have learned to continue carrying on a cheerful if one-sided conversation. As I feed, dress, and clean the residents, I see the fading pictures on their walls of the people they were when they had spouses or young children. They are my reminders of each resident's humanity, and showing my personal touch and cheerfulness is my way of giving them the honor and care they deserve after 70 years of working, raising families, and giving to other people.
I wanted a worst-case scenario to see if I was really up to the challenge of medicine. Dr. José Galvão told me of the Manaus Leprosy Hospital, and after much thought, I arranged to go there for six weeks last winter. Living out of a 7- by 7-foot room with no TV, phone, or Internet, I performed routine duties at the convalescent home such as cleaning, serving food, or just escorting blind patients during their walks. I had to tell the doctors that I could do more and hoped to learn more. To my surprise, they invited me into the surgical ward! I suddenly found myself prepping patients for surgery, which included washing the operating field with Betadine, helping the anesthesiologist, and applying tourniquets. During operations, which ranged from total hip and knee arthroplasties to amputations and spinal procedures, I helped the operating team by cutting suture threads or performing suction and retraction. Soon, I was also hammering orthopedic nails, inserting Orthopix screws, cutting with the saw, drilling holes, preparing bone fragments for bone grafts, and suturing and stapling—whatever the surgeon wanted. The work was not for the faint of heart. The instruments looked like relics from the Spanish Inquisition, and flying bone fragments, squirting blood, and the stench of cauterized skin were daily realities. I was accidentally stabbed with needles, cut with a saw, and punctured with a chisel. Strangely, not only was I not intimidated by this crash course in medical reality; I actually thrived on it!
"I named them Justin, JC, Lance—after 'N Sync." Antonne was talking about his T cells. Exhausted from his antiretroviral drug regimen, Antonne refused to discuss his future beyond one week. Every Friday for six months, I booked him in a residential hotel and transferred his grant money to his pharmacy, until one Friday, when he asked that I make his funeral arrangements. Antonne, like all 700 of Baltimore AIDS Center's clients, had full-blown AIDS and was so disabled he could no longer work. Our not-for-profit ensured that grant funds supported clients during their unemployment. But once my clients' illnesses had progressed beyond early stages, how could I genuinely help them?
My role as a volunteer at Boca Raton Nursing Home was simple: I was to go around and ask the residents if they needed anything. To my frustration and disappointment, however, I discovered that after taking the time to get to know the home's Alzheimer's patients, when I came back 10 minutes later, I would have to begin the process of building trust and friendships all over again. Mrs. Erlbrunn was one of my favorites, a talkative woman who had shared with me her experiences living in a small Texas town where she was known as having "the bluest eyes anyone had ever seen." As much as I enjoyed her personality, listening to her forgetfully repeat her stories every time we met was a painful reminder of what Alzheimer's had done to this once vibrant woman. So I devised a strategy to inject a little excitement into her life. The next time I "introduced" myself to Mrs. Erlbrunn, I told her I had the mysterious ability to read palms. I held her wrinkled hand and started telling her about her small town, her high school days, and how, according to the secret knowledge I could divine from her palm, she was known for having the "bluest eyes anyone had ever seen." Mrs. Erlbrunn's delighted surprise—" How ever did you know that?"—was infectious, and in an instant three of her neighbors clamored, "Read mine too, read mine too!"
As a volunteer medical aide for a team of U.S. physicians organized by WorldCare Resources, I found myself surrounded by Ecuador's lush jungle, wild animals, and poverty unlike any I'd encountered before. The village's name, Las Casas, seemed cruelly ironic; its destitute inhabitants didn't live in houses but in frail shacks with cardboard mats for beds and barely enough food or utensils to cook a meal. I was shocked by the village's lack of schools, sanitation, and clean water and by the famished faces of the children who seemed to exist solely on Pepsis. But the most powerful image of my stay in Las Casas was the long line of villagers queuing up for medical attention at our makeshift clinic and the way my 26 WorldCare teammates and I responded to them. I had been warned that Ecuadorian medical care was minimal and that I would be working in a third-world environment, but nothing prepared me for the sight of a woman with an ovarian cyst so big she appeared pregnant, a man with a hernia so painful he ignored an enormous fungal infection around his ankle that threatened to leave him an amputee, or a young woman who could never lay on her back because a basketball-sized growth protruded from her spine. In my seven days in Las Casas I saw mental retardation, malaria, worms, tuberculosis, bony tumors, polio, and other physical disfigurements many Americans will see only in textbooks. Working 10-hour days, I filled medications at the pharmacy; screened long lines of villagers who had walked from miles away; explained patients' status to a surgeon, ophthalmologist, dentist, ob-gyn, and general practitioner; and struggled with my broken Spanish and pocket dictionary to explain prescriptions to patients and inquire about their complaints. My most unexpected task was to assist in the operating room. I scrubbed up and aided surgeons in a hernia repair, a vasectomy, and a gall bladder removal. But my toughest duty was to ask some patiently waiting villagers—some with four or five children all needing medical care—to come back the next morning.
During my stay in Romania I saw plenty of children with Burkitt's lymphoma and leukemia who were in desperate need of blood and food. To give the bedridden children a place to exercise and play, I built a playground area for them, which they received with warm gratitude. Only later did I learn that many of the children had been rendered paraplegic by the advanced stages of their illnesses. I saw many of these patients die, but the death of Mirela affected me the most. She was 14 years old and had leukemia. Despite her mother's heroic efforts to prolong her life, the doctors told us that she was not going to last much longer. We promised her a birthday party, with everything she ever dreamed about—a Barbie doll, a chocolate cake, a new dress. The party took place on a Saturday, and on Sunday they told us Mirela had died. Later her mother told me that Mirela had willed herself to hang on just long enough to enjoy the special moment of her birthday party before succumbing to her condition.
The summer before my junior year, I was offered an internship at the Center for Gynecology and Obstetrics in Varzob, Tajikistan. It was a "homecoming" I will never forget. I saw diseases and conditions that one very rarely encounters in the United States. The doctors had to deal with extremely limited medical supplies and medications, and gloves were resterilized to the point of disintegration. But for all the pride I felt in helping others in this impossible environment, it was not until I assisted in a delivery that I realized how right medicine is for me. I cannot describe the exhilaration and happiness I felt when I held that newborn baby girl in my arms, or how proud I was to sign my name on her birth certificate. During my three months in Varzob, I had the chance to assist in over twenty births, deliver five babies on my own, and assist in a number of other medical procedures.
"You will be a good doctor." Sometimes, if you hear something often enough, you start to believe it. As an emergency room volunteer at two Des Moines hospitals, I have camped with doctors and nurses in the trenches of medical care: restraining patients, calming people crazed with fear and uncertainty, and coping with extreme illness and death. Through it all, I learned that the healing power of the ER did not solely lie within the hospital's expensive tools and medications. Patients got the most comfort when they met someone who cared about them as a person and not as another medical case. This neglected aspect of medicine became evident as I transported patients to ICU, translated their Spanish to the English-speaking staff, and helped perform tests. One night an RN let me perform a pulse-ox test on a middle-aged patient named Marcus. I explained to Marcus that his results were normal and that he was going to be fine. We began to talk about personal interests, and gradually Marcus started to relax. As he was being transferred, he whispered to me, "You'll be a good doctor; you'll be a good doctor." I was confused. I had simply performed a routine test on him; how could he say that I was going to be a good doctor? Later I realized that this man wanted to feel like someone was paying attention to him and not only to his illness. Being able to do that seemingly simple thing for him had earned me his trust.
I was a U.S. Army Special Forces captain on temporary duty in the mountains of Afghanistan during the last months of 2005. To help win the hearts and minds of the people who were "hosting" our stay, we planned to run a small aid station to give medical attention to anyone who wanted our help. As I walked down the dirt airstrip and entered the rear of our small compound, I had no idea what awaited me. At the aid station the turnout was overwhelming; the line of people—children, mothers, fathers, and elderly people—stretched for hundreds of meters. There were more people in line than lived in the small town! Obviously, word of this event had made it to other small towns in the area. No problem—all were welcome. An army doctor, a physician assistant, and a Special Forces medic provided the treatment, and with my limited medical training I helped out by taking brief histories, checking vital signs, and doing some translating. Most of the people were suffering from conditions like parasitic infections, malnutrition, upper-respiratory tract infections, and musculoskeletal pain—many conditions not seen frequently in the United States because of our preventive-medicine practices, diet, and personal hygiene. I learned more about medicine in two days than I had in any of my health science courses at West Point.
A few weeks later I found myself pushing open the rough-hewn door of a rural clinic in Gode, Ethiopia, 300 miles and several centuries from the nearest city. The work was life-altering. A queue of patients, suffering from malnutrition and other effects of poverty none of our four physicians could hope to cure, stretched for a block outside our makeshift clinic. For 10 hours a day, I helped a surgeon with ultrasounds, comforted female patients during checkups, and made evening house calls with doctors. I felt a woman's belly that was so full of tumors I knew she had little time left, though she at first did not. She left our clinic possessing the knowledge to make her own decisions about her final days. Though I'd left behind my car, my home, and all the familiar trappings of success, I never felt more complete. I left Ethiopia not knowing the words in Amarigna to express how tired I felt, but I was more certain than ever that medicine was my calling I was made for.
Every evening that I volunteer at Philadelphia's Advanced Practice Nurses Clinic (APNC) I walk into a waiting room filled with women and children exhausted and sometimes embittered by the hurdles their poverty has forced them to jump. Roshanda Washington is typical. Young, single, homeless, and slightly overweight, Roshanda is trying to find a job while raising her four children who are now playing in the shelter's after-school program. She has a history of hyperthyroidism and recently developed a goiter because the doctor visits and medicine are too expensive. She also suffers from depression. Listening empathetically, I introduce her to our mental health counselor and give her a referral to Thomas Jefferson University Hospital. As we talk about her life, I think about the surgery she will face if the medicine they give her doesn't work. At APNC I see the realities of a doctor's life, from scratches, coughs, and runny noses to congestive heart failure, HIV, and sexually transmitted disease. I perform simple medical procedures such as hemoglobin tests, blood sugar tests, and urine analyses, but I also provide preventive education about sex and drugs to teenagers. I sit with young girls as they wait, trembling with anxiety about the results of their pregnancy tests. I give emotional support to patients forced to live with worsening conditions because they lack insurance.
On my third day volunteering in the ER at the University of California San Francisco Medical Center, I watched as a multiple-gunshot victim was wheeled in and intubated. After one of the paramedics performed chest compressions, without a second thought I immediately took over the compressions while the paramedic gave his report. The physicians responded with rapid-fire instructions, and nurses quickly began administering medication. But the patient's chest cavity was filling with blood, and when a chest tube was inserted, blood gushed out of it onto the table, the floor, and those of us who were nearby. A bullet had shredded his aorta, and there was nothing more we could do. As the nurses began cleaning up, I noticed a piece of plastic on the floor. It was the victim's driver's license. That day he had just turned 21. As I stood there, the victim's license in my hands, my arms shaking with exhaustion, I learned my first powerful lesson about medicine: it will not always prevail.
During my month volunteering at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center's Children's Hospital, I saw the pivotal role that pediatric physicians play both in educating, advising, and promoting healthy living during children's developmental years and in teaching their parents the habits that promote lifelong health. I still remember one young mother who tried valiantly to soothe her baby who was writhing and kicking in obvious discomfort in her arms. After the infant was examined and tested by our pediatrics team, I assured his skeptical mother that the disfiguring scaling plaques on her son's body would disappear once his zinc stores were replenished. After a day's supplementation, I was gratified to see the boy smile for the first time since his admission. Just as gratifying was the pleased look his mother gave me as she realized that my assurances of the day before had been confirmed. Of course, not all of our patients were fortunate enough to have such short stays or such happy results. But this early clinical experience showed me how good it can feel not merely to provide medical solutions but to see the raw gratitude of patients' families when you share the good news.
After graduating from high school in Russia, I enrolled in the seven-year MD program at Moscow State University. In my two years there, I not only learned a great deal about the medical sciences, but I also gained many valuable insights into the life of a medical student. Through the program—which offered an experimental problem-based learning curriculum—I learned basic science principles by solving clinical problems in the university hospital. In April 2006, I decided to broaden my education by volunteering for a patient support group as a commissioned Stephen minister—a layperson who assists pastors by helping care receivers through hospitalization, terminal illness, and other crises. The course I needed to earn my commission instructed me in how to care for the spiritual as well as physical needs of the care receivers and how ethnic background, religion, personality, and family affect patient recovery. While doing my rounds one day, I had the deeply moving experience of holding a "blue baby" suffering from tetralogy of Fallot. Hours of research helped me to gain an understanding of her heart condition, and after her surgery I was infinitely relieved to find that her heart defects had been repaired and that the cyanosis had disappeared. Her parents were both in the room and beamed huge, life-affirming smiles at me as if I had performed the surgery myself!