Prologue: A new King, a new people
1. Arbuthnot, II, pp. 385–6
2. Gore, Creevey, p. 301
3. Haydon, p. 626
4. Broughton, p. 207
5. Wellesley, p. 16
6. Fraser, Marie Antoinette, p. 133
7. Greville, II, p. 345
8. Haydon, p. 561
9. Fonblanque, II, p. 95
10. Arbuthnot, II, p. 352; Robinson, p. 220; Edgeworth, p. 463
11. Times History, p. 267
12. Arbuthnot, I, p. xv
13. Croker, II, p. 70
14. Somerset, William IV, p. 104
15. Wakefield, England, I, p. 123; Hopkirk, p. 830
16. Aspinall, Diaries, p. xvi
17. Arbuthnot, II, p. 354; Aspinall, Diaries, p. xvi; Grey Correspondence, II, p. 464
18. Ziegler, William IV, p. 144
19. Somerset, William IV, p. 120; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 73
20. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 167, 16 December 1831; Hopkirk, p. 58
21. Edgeworth, p. 504; Greville, II, p. 333
22. Watkins, p. 486
23. Dino, I, p. 3
24. Greville, II, p. 3; Hopkirk, p. 103
25. cit. Armitage, ‘Patriot’, p. 415, note 78
26. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 53, 16 July 1830
27. Kelly, Holland House, p. 158
28. Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 159, note 1
29. Mitchell, Whig World, p. 130
30. H. of. C., VII, pp. 237–41; G.E.C., III, pp. 501–2
31. Innes, ‘“Reform”’, p. 71
32. Evans, p. 52; Robinson, p. 232
33. BL Add. MS 51751 fol. 32; Times History, p. 269
34. Wallas, p. 243
Chapter One: The clamour
1. Briggs, ‘Background’, p. 317
2. Rutland MSS; Hansard, House of Lords 27 February 1812
3. Greville, II, p. 370
4. Foot, pp. 60 et seq.; Hansard, House of Commons 15 March 1832
5. Stirling, p. 193
6. Hilton, pp. 416–17; Wakefield, Swing, p. 7; Hamburger, p. 71; Hobsbawm and Rudé, pp. 16 et seq.
7. Hilton, p. 424
8. Bagehot, ‘Althorp’; Cannon, pp. 29–30
9. Brock, p. 630
10. Pearson, p. 234
11. Hansard, House of Commons 4 March 1831
12. New, pp. 87–90
13. Clive, pp. 182–3; Torrington Diaries, p. 251; Hunt, p. 5
14. Hunt, p. 24; pp. 17–18; Dent, p. 430
15. Hansard, House of Lords 4 October 1831
16. Brock, p. 28; p. 22
17. Macintyre, p. 35; History of Parliament Online
18. Newbold, p. 47; Smith, Grey, p. 136
19. Creevey, II, p. 302
20. Foreman, p. 203
21. Holland Diaries, p. 121
22. Greville, I, p. 82; Briggs, ‘Background’, p. 299; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 48
23. Smith, Grey, p. 135; p. 237; p. 252; Hansard, House of Lords 2 November 1830
24. Greville, I, p. 258; Tocqueville, p. 43; Haydon, p. 570
25. The Times, 12 April 1832
26. Holyoake, p. 213; Longford, p. 267
27. Wallas, p. 295
28. Hilton, p. 411; Foot, p. 68
29. Gill, I, p. 203, note 1
30. Ellitson, p. 7
31. Briggs, ‘Attwood’, pp. 190 et seq.
32. Haydon, p. 119; Holyoake, p. 42
33. Buckley, pp. 57 et seq.
34. Moss, p. 185
35. Moss, p. 166; Croker, II, p. 100
36. The Times, 14 October 1830; Hobsbawm and Rudé, p. 106
37. Hobsbawm and Rudé, p. 103
Chapter Two: I will pronounce the word
1. Butler, p. 194, note 3; Grant, pp. 1–2; Shenton, pp. 5 et seq.
2. Lytton, p. 346
3. Grant, pp. 14 et seq.
4. Huxley, p. 82
5. The Times, 6 April 1832; Aspinall, ‘Reporting’, p. 232
6. Hague, pp. 27–8
7. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 303
8. Hawkins, p. 4; p. 32; p. 61
9. Howell-Thomas, p. 144
10. Rubinstein, I, p. 319
11. Lytton, p. 340
12. Stanhope, p. 185
13. Grant, p. 11; Russell, Collections, p. 160
14. Holland Diaries, p. 64; Haydon, p. 615
15. Russell, Collections, p. 157; Cecil, p. 294
16. Russell, Collections, p. 135
17. Stewart, p. 246
18. Byron, Don Juan, Canto XI
19. The Times, 2 November 1830; Smith, Reform, p. 23
20. Wallas, p. 148; p. 178
21. Wallas, pp. 246 et seq.
22. Tocqueville, p. 42
23. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 234, note 2
24. Hansard, House of Lords 2 November 1830
25. Cecil, p. 257; Smith, Grey, p. 16
26. Hansard, House of Lords 2 November 1830
27. Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 126–7
28. Hansard, House of Lords 2 November 1830
29. Butler, Preface to 1st edn
30. Longford, p. 228
31. Hamburger, p. 17
32. Arbuthnot, II, pp. 398–9
33. Lieven, II, p. 115
34. Wallas, p. 248, note 3; Granville, p. 67
35. G.E.C., X, p. 845, note c; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 224
36. Hansard, House of Lords 8 November 1830
37. Hansard, House of Commons 8 November 1832
38. Arbuthnot, II, p. 401
39. Brock, p. 125
40. Stewart, p. 190; O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 360; Croker, II, p. 75; Hawkins, p. 71
41. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 1
42. Robinson, p. 278
43. The Times, 22 November 1830
Chapter Three: Believing in the Whigs
1. Ziegler, Dino, p. 192; Rubinstein, p. 28
2. Dolby, Cyclopaedia, p. 215; Russell, Collections, p. 138
3. Stewart, p. 34; Howell-Thomas, pp. 54 et seq.
4. Greville, II, p. 248; Clive, p. 192
5. Aspinall, Diaries, p. li; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 302, note 1; Haydon, p. 648
6. Mitchell, Whig World, p. 17; Brock, p. 131
7. Mitchell, Whig World, p. 77; p. 80
8. Kelly, Holland House, p. 105
9. G.E.C., VI, p. 54, note b
10. Clive, pp. 210–12
11. Gash, Politics, pp. 393 et seq.
12. Wallas, p. 252; p. 261
13. Croker, I, p. 253; Gash, Politics, p. 393
14. Stewart, p. 249; Lee, p. 55
15. Lee, pp. 92 et seq.; p. 146; Creevey, I, p. 223; Edgeworth, p. 515; Greville, II, p. 91
16. Lytton, pp. 323–4; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 25
17. Times History, pp. 276–7; Martineau, pp. 49–50
18. Brown, p. 103
19. Russell, Collections, p. 167; Ziegler, Dino, p. 206
20. Brown, p. 140
21. Cecil, p. 32
22. Holland Diaries, p. 77
23. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 34
24. Hobsbawm and Rudé, p. 155
25. Melbourne’s Papers, p. 121
26. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 30
27. Foot, p. 143
28. Althorp Letters, p. 87
29. Campbell, I, p. 483; Cockburn, I, p. 322; Spencer, Spencer Family, p. 199
30. Stewart, p. 258
31. Aspinall, Diaries, pp. 175–6
32. Russell Correspondence, I, p. 312
33. Lytton, p. 15
34. Howell-Thomas, p. 11
35. Grant, p. 281
36. Charmley, p. 234; Cecil, p. 290
37. Holland Diaries, p. 96; Butler, p. 147
38. Buckley, p. 67
39. Fonblanque, II, p. 69
40. Buckley, p. 69; Smith, Reform, p. 45
Chapter Four: The gentlemen of England
1. Trevelyan, Grey, pp. 275–6
2. Cannon, p. 218; PRO 30/22/1B-C465342
3. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 46
4. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 51
5. Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 54–5
6. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 139
7. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 275, note 1
8. Lieven, II, p. 151
9. Strong, p. 3
10. Hopkirk, p. 94
11. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 86, 22 November 1830
12. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 112, 9 March 1831
13. G.E.C., VIII, p. 114, note G
14. Greville, II, p. 92
15. Ward, pp. 101–2
16. Strong, p. 383
17. Aspinall, Politics, p. 4; pp. 25 et seq.; Croker, II, pp. 17 et seq.; BBC History
18. O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 362
19. Hamburger, pp. 8–10
20. Butler, p. 240
21. DNB 2004, Gordon Phillips, ‘Barnes, Thomas’
22. Times History, p. 272
23. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 256
24. Hansard, House of Lords 3 February 1831
25. Huxley, p. 95; p. 97
26. Rutland MSS
27. Hansard, House of Commons 1 March 1831
28. Gash, Peel, p. 10
29. O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 364
30. DNB 2004, John Wolffe, ‘Inglis, Sir Robert Harry’
31. Dent, II, p. 405; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 13; Robinson, p. 296
32. H. of C., VII, p. 314; Lyttelton, pp. 106 et seq.
33. Hansard, House of Commons 2 March 1831
34. Pearson, p. 201; Clive, p. 160; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 100
35. Creevey, p. 221
36. Campbell, I, p. 308
37. Hansard, House of Commons 2 March 1831
Chapter Five: Russell’s Purge
1. Hansard, House of Commons 3 March 1831
2. Hurd, p. 148
3. Le Marchant, pp. 350–1
4. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 284; Lieven, II, p. 179
5. Wallas, pp. 25 et seq.
6. The Times, 2 March 1831
7. Douglas-Fairhurst, p. 73
8. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 14
9. Hawkins, p. 81
10. Grant, p. 97; Brock, p. 157; pp. 220–1
11. DNB 2004, Kenneth Baker, ‘Doyle, John [H.B.]’
12. Grant, p. 90; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 283
13. H. of C., VII, p. 716
14. Creevey, II, p. 223
15. Creevey, II, p. 224
16. Newey, pp. 238–53; W.T. Moncrieffe, Reform; or, John Bull
17. The Times, 7 March 1831
18. Brock, p. 165
19. Macintyre, p. 23
20. Russell, Collections, p. 162
21. Somerville, p. 152
22. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 154
23. ibid.
24. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 176
25. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 179
26. Hansard, House of Commons 22 March 1831
27. Greville, II, p. 135
28. Clive, p. 152
29. H. of C., I, p. 356
30. Clive, p. 153
31. Somerville, pp. 92–3
32. Greville, II, p. 135
1. Creevey, II, p. 226
2. Arbuthnot, II, p. 417
3. Brock, p. 187
4. Hansard, House of Commons 12 April 1831
5. Hansard, House of Commons 2 March 1831; The Times, 9 December 1830
6. Wicks, p. 69
7. Wicks, p. 69
8. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 136
9. Mahon, Stanhope MSS, C305/1
10. Brock, p. 186
11. Cockburn, I, p. 317
12. Croker, II, p. 112; Le Marchant, p. 92
13. Brock, p. 182
14. DNB 2004, R.H. Vetch, rev. K.D. Reynolds, ‘Taylor, Sir Herbert’
15. Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 237–8
16. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 234, note
17. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 295
18. Brougham, p. 116
19. Reid, I, p. 258
20. Hansard, House of Commons 22 April 1831
21. Broughton, p. 105
22. Cockburn, I, p. 318; Greville, II, p. 139
23. Trevelyan, Grey, App. F, pp. 382–4
24. Greville, II, p. 139
25. Ziegler, William IV, p. 187
26. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 123, 22 April 1831; Hopkirk, p. 110
27. Brock, p. 181
28. Liverpool Chronicle, 7 May 1831
29. Knowles, King Alfred, V. iii
30. Robinson, p. 300; H. of C., V, p. 266
31. Longford, pp. 267–8
32. WND, VII, p. 440
33. Ferguson, pp. 241–2
Chapter Seven: Away went Gilpin
1. The Times, 29 April 1831
2. Brock, p. 18
3. DNB 2004, K.D. Reynolds, ‘First Earl of Munster’
4. Ziegler, William IV, p. 158
5. ibid.
6. Begent and Chesshyre, p. 74
7. WND, VII, p. 449; Lieven, II, p. 222; Arbuthnot, II, p. 420
8. The Times, 23 May 1831
9. H. of C., VII, p. 239; Hansard, House of Commons 18 February 1830; Brock, p. 149
10. Althorp Letters, p. 155
11. Huxley, pp. 97–8
12. Prest, p. 43
13. Brock, p. 49
14. Moss, p. 196
15. Wicks, p. 71; Sadleir, p. 160
16. Pearce, p. 156
17. Brock, p. 211
18. Morley, p. 70
19. WND, VII, p. 451
20. Holland Diaries, p. 17
21. Pearce, p. 151
22. Brown, p. 167
23. Hansard, House of Commons 24 June 1831
24. Moss, p. 197
25. Hansard, House of Commons 6 July 1831
26. Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 223
27. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 110; Hawkins, p. 95
28. Le Marchant, p. 345
29. Le Marchant, pp. 325 et seq.
30. Holland Diaries, p. 17
31. Holland Diaries, p. 21; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 107
32. Trevelyan, William IV, no. xxi
33. Watkins, p. 695
34. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 310
35. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 126
36. Le Marchant, p. 340
Chapter Eight: Confound their politics
1. The Times, 5 September 1831
2. Moss, p. 198
3. Greville, II, p. 160; Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 244
4. Strong, p. 372
5. Strong, p. 378
6. Greville, II, p. 197
7. Hansard, House of Commons 20 September 1831;Macbeth, III. i
8. Le Marchant, p. 120; H. of C., IV, pp. 426 et seq.; DNB 2004, Marc Baer, ‘Burdett, Sir Francis’
9. Le Marchant, p. 347
10. DNB 2004, Philip J. Salmon, ‘Parkes, Joseph’
11. Buckley, p. 73
12. Melbourne Papers, pp. 129–30
13. H. of C., VI, pp. 6 et seq.
14. Hansard, House of Lords 3 October 1831
15. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 306; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 135; Cecil, Melbourne, p. 257
16. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 140
17. The Times, 4 October 1831
18. Grey MSS, Box 34
19. Wallas, pp. 263–4; Hobsbawm and Rudé, p. 158; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 290
20. Moss, p. 202; Hamburger, pp. 132–9
21. Hamburger, p. 132, note 21
22. The Times, 6 October 1831
23. The Times, 5 October 1831
24. Hansard, House of Lords 5–6 October 1831
25. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 95
26. Hansard, House of Lords 7 October 1831
27. Ibid.
28. Lee, p. 134
29. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 143; p. 147; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 308
30. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 310; Arbuthnot, II, p. 430
31. Somerville, p. 152
32. Granville, p. 114; Le Marchant, p. 354
Chapter Nine: What have the Lords done?
1. BL Add. MSS 27, 790 fols. 39–47; Wallas, p. 275, note 2
2. Smith, Reform, p. 92; p. 97
3. O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 362
4. Poor Man’s Guardian, 15 October 1831
5. Somerville, p. 157
6. Hopkirk, pp. 128–9
7. Queen Adelaide’s Diary, p. 161, 10 October 1831
8. Arbuthnot, II, p. 431
9. The Times, 10 October 1831
10. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 317; p. 355
11. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 317
12. The Times, 7 October 1831
13. Hansard, House of Commons 13 October 1831
14. H. of C., V, pp. 185 et seq.
15. Brock, p. 167
16. BL Add. MSS 27, 790 fols 39–47; Vernon, pp. 212–13
17. Wallas, p. 275, note 2; Butler, p. 294; BL Add. MSS 35, 149
18. Broughton, p. 148; Butler, pp. 293–4; Wallas, p. 278
19. BL Add. MSS 35, 149
20. Clarke, Grote, pp. 37 et seq.; Grote, p. 64
21. Eastlake, Grote, pp. 72–3; p. 16
22. Buckley, p. 10
23. Wallas, pp. 280 et seq.
24. Frampton, pp. 300 et seq.
25. Sherborne Journal, October 1831
26. Butler, pp. 297–9
27. Hamburger, pp. 154–7
28. Lyttelton, pp. 264–5
29. Trevelyan, William IV, no. XXIII
30. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 381
31. Armitage, ‘A Patriot’, pp. 403 et seq.
32. Watkins, Introduction
33. Bolingbroke’s Writings, p. 82
34. Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 381–2
35. Grey Correspondence, I, pp. 382–5
36. Russell, I, p. 26
37. Fonblanque, p. 122
38. Hansard, House of Lords 20 October 1831
Chapter Ten: A scene of desolation
1. Hamburger, p. 161
2. Eagles, p. 68; The Times, 1 November 1831; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 153; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 320
3. Brock, p. 253
4. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 394; Eagles, p. 79; Hamburger, p. 165; Huxley, p. 100
5. The Times, 1 November 1831; Le Marchant, p. 366
6. Tomalin, Dickens, pp. 46–7
7. Hamburger, p. 212, note 22; p. 216; Cannon, pp. 223 et seq.
8. Somerville, p. 152
9. Evans, p. 54; Gash, Peel, pp. 23–4
10. Rutland MSS
11. ibid.
12. Fraser, Gunpowder Plot, pp. 554 et seq.
13. Longford, p. 270; Smith, Reform, p. 108
14. Frampton, pp. 382–3
15. WND, VIII, p. 35; p. 42
16. Grey Correspondence, I, p. 431
17. Le Marchant, p. 374; Butler, p. 324
18. Moss, p. 205
19. Hamburger, p. 94
20. The Times, 6 December 1831; Hansard, House of Lords 6 December 1831
21. Le Marchant, p. 376, note
22. Hansard, House of Commons 12 December 1831
23. Russell, Collections, p. 13
24. Cannon, pp. 228–9
25. G.E.C., VI, p. 332, note e
26. Cannon, pp. 228–9; The Times, 13 December 1831; Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
27. Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
28. Hansard, House of Commons 14 December 1831
29. Holland Diaries, p. 86
30. Hansard, House of Commons 16 December 1831; 17 December 1831
31. Brightfield, p. 61
32. Hansard, House of Commons 17 December 1831
33. Buckley, p. 89
Chapter Eleven: The fearful alternative
1. Butler, p. 329
2. Holland Diaries, pp. 97–8
3. Somerset, Queen Anne, p. 463
4. H. of C., VII, p. 241
5. Butler, pp. 329–30, note 4
6. Russell, Collections, p. 44; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 171
7. Holland Diaries, p. 87; Butler, p. 329
8. Holland Diaries, p. 103
9. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 39
10. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 42; Clive, pp. 170–1, note 62
11. Trevelyan, Grey, pp. 331 et seq.
12. Stirling, p. 191
13. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 68–73
14. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 74–9
15. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 96–102
16. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 108–15
17. Hansard, House of Commons 17 January 1832
18. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 159
19. The Times, 10 December 1831
20. Pearce, p. 227; Butler, p. 338
21. WND, VIII, p. 144; p. 155
22. Holland Diaries, p. 127
23. Hansard, House of Commons 26 January 1832
24. Hunt, p. 14
Chapter Twelve: Bouncing Bill
1. Butler, p. 345
2. Creevey, II, p. 241
3. Figaro in London, 1 February 1832
4. Hopkirk, p. 111
5. Somerset, William IV, p. 140
6. WND, VIII, pp. 165–6
7. Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 191
8. Holland Diaries, pp. 146–7
9. Butler, p. 349, note 1
10. Spencer, Spencer Family, p. 196; Broughton, pp. 189–90
11. Pearce, p. 234
12. Le Marchant, pp. 403–6
13. Le Marchant, pp. 407–13
14. Hansard, House of Commons 21 March 1832; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 213
15. White, pp. 362–3; Rowe, p. 73; Croker, II, p. 149
16. Poor Man’s Guardian, 15 March 1832
17. Vernon, p. 216; Rowe, p. 76
18. The Times, 4 April 1832; 10 April 1832
19. Le Marchant, p. 414
20. Wallas, p. 294
21. Holland Diaries, p. 160
22. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 327
23. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 327–8
24. Hansard, House of Lords 9 April 1832; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 222; Le Marchant, p. 418; Trevelyan, Grey, p. 335
25. Lieven-Palmerston, p. 35; The Times, 12 April 1832
26. Hansard, House of Lords 11 April 1832
27. Holland Diaries, p. 168
28. Hansard, House of Lords 13 April 1832
29. Reid, I, p. 284
30. Smith, Reform, p. 112
Chapter Thirteen: Seventh of May
1. Buckley, p. 91
2. Poor Man’s Guardian, 19 March 1832
3. Hansard, House of Lords 7 May 1832
4. Holland Diaries, p. 176
5. Broughton, p. 218
6. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 240
7. Butler, p. 368; Buckley, p. 95
8. Martineau, pp. 464–5
9. The Times, 8 May 1832; Hamburger, p. 132, note 21
10. Hamburger, pp. 132–9; Hunt, p. 18
11. Dent, pp. 360 et seq.
12. Somerville, p. 155
13. The Times, 9 May 1832
14. Haydon, p. 620
15. Moss, pp. 215–16
16. Buckley, p. 96; Adam Zamoyski to author
17. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 339
18. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 240; Creevey, II, p. 245
19. Brougham, p. 192
20. Le Marchant, pp. 425–6
21. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 395–6
22. Hansard, House of Lords 9 May 1832
23. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 247
24. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246
25. The Times, 10 May 1832; Trevelyan, Grey, pp. 341–2
26. Creevey, II, p. 245; Aspinall, Diaries, p. 241
27. Creevey, II, p. 246
28. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246
29. The Times, 16 May 1832
30. Morning Chronicle, 9 May 1832
31. Hansard, House of Commons 10 May 1832
32. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 246; p. 247; Lee, p. 97; p. 132
33. Croker, II, p. 153
34. Lee, p. 151; WND, VIII, p. 304
35. Lee, p. 152
36. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 342
37. Ferguson, pp. 244–5
38. Wallas, pp. 309 et seq.
Chapter Fourteen: Prithee return to me
1. The Satirist, 13 May 1832
2. The Times, 14 May 1832
3. Trevelyan, Grey, p. 342; DNB 2004, R.J.W. Selleck, ‘Shuttleworth, Sir James’
4. Somerset, William IV, p. 163
5. Trevelyan, Grey, App. H., p. 389
6. Le Marchant, p. 430
7. Hansard, House of Commons 14 May 1832
8. Trevelyan, Grey, App. H., p. 389
9. Broughton, p. 226
10. Lieven-Palmerston, p. 35
11. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 254
12. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 406
13. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 418–19
14. Bristol Mercury, 13 May 1832
15. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 260
16. Hansard, House of Lords 17 May 1832; Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 422–3
17. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 423–4; Lieven, p. 352
18. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 425
19. Eastlake, p. 73
20. Morning Chronicle, 18 May 1832; Wallas, pp. 314–15
21. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 430
22. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 434–5
23. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 436
24. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 438–9
25. Moss, p. 224
26. Moss, p. 225
27. The Times, 16 May 1832
28. Wallas, pp. 321 et seq.
Chapter Fifteen: Bright day of liberty
1. The Times, 22 May 1832
2. Moss, pp. 225–6
3. Birmingham Journal, 2 June 1832
4. Aspinall, Diaries, p. 268
5. Hansard, House of Lords 22 May 1832
6. Longford, p. 277
7. Creevey, II, p. 247
8. Brougham, p. 276
9. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 450
10. Hansard, House of Lords 4 June 1832
11. WND, VIII, p. 356
12. Hansard, House of Lords 4 June 1832
13. Creevey, II, p. 247
14. Stewart, p. 276
15. Butler, p. 415, note 5; Creevey, II, p. 247; The Times, 7 June 1832
16. Smith, Reform, p. 139
17. Figaro in London, 2 June 1832
18. Le Marchant, p. 438
19. Holland Diaries, p. 190
20. Le Marchant, pp. 436–7
21. The Times, 8 June 1832
Epilogue: This great national exploit
1. Stewart, pp. 247–8; Clive, p. 216
2. Haydon, pp. 622–32
3. Tomalin, Dickens, p. 44
4. People’s History Museum, Manchester
5. Tyrconnel Diary, 23 July 1832
6. Swindells, p. 1
7. WND, VIII, p. 361; Wordsworth Letters, V, pp. 500–1
8. Grey Correspondence, II, pp. 449–50
9. Grey Correspondence, II, p. 472
10. Ziegler, William IV, p. 277
11. Briggs, ‘Attwood’, pp. 205 et seq.; DNB 2004, Clive Behagg, ‘Attwood, Thomas’
12. Clive, p. 221
13. DNB 2004, Philip J. Salmon, ‘Parkes, Joseph’
14. Buckley, p. 114
15. General Election, 1832
16. O’Gorman, Voters, Table 4.3, p. 179
17. Hilton, p. 421
18. O’Gorman, Eighteenth Century, p. 388; see Salmon, App. 1, ‘The Re-distribution of English and Welsh Seats in 1832’, pp. 251–2
19. Hamburger, p. 48; George Eliot, Middlemarch, Ch. LI
20. Pearson, p. 150; Brock, p. 282; p. 332
21. Holland Diaries, p. 105
22. Hoock, pp. 254–70; Hansard, House of Commons 23 July 1832
23. Figaro in London, 9 June 1832
24. Kelly, Holland House, p. 212
25. Mitchell, Whig World, p. 152; Martin Gilbert to author; Churchill, pp. 34–43; Stirling, p. 200
26. Tocqueville, p. 67; pp. 70–1
27. Brock, p. 201
28. Smith, Grey, pp. 2 et seq.
29. Creevey, II, p. 301
30. Trevelyan, Macaulay, I, p. 242
31. Cannadine, ‘The Palace of Westminster’, p. 13; Hastings, p. 121, note 1; Shenton, pp. 101 et seq.
32. Shenton, p. 235; Ziegler, William IV, p. 251
33. Briggs, ‘Attwood’, p. 200
34. Rowe, p. 95; Hilton, p. 426
35. Clive, p. 182
36. Broughton, p. 242