Ablabius (praetorian prefect), 252, 270–71, 274, 279, 281–282, 290, 293
Acclamation, 102, 112–113, 115, 221
Aemilianus (praetorian prefect), 251, 272
Aesop, Life of, 47, 191
Alemanni, 7, 33, 111, 141
Alexander (The Great, king of Macedon 336–323 BC), 73, 207, 225, 262
Alexander, Lucius Domitius (usurper), 123, 133, 135
Alexander (bishop of Alexandria) 228–231, 233, 236
Alexandria, 43, 50, 70, 78, 147, 211, 225–231, 237, 283–84, 295
Allectus (usurper), 55, 57, 59
Anastasia, 63–4, 169
Antioch, 9, 21–2, 50, 67, 70, 97, 146, 170, 218, 226, 233–34, 244, 283, 290, 295
Anti-Semitism, 237, 280–1, 297
Anullinus (Prefect of Rome 306; 312–13), 109, 115, 131, 142, 145, 197
Anullinus (praetorian prefect, probable, 306) 115, 131
Anullinus (governor of Africa, 313), 198
Arch, of Constantine, 139, 140, 143–4, 151, 164–9, 306
(as arch of Maxentius) 133, 165
Arch, of Galerius, 60–61, 306
Arch, of Mazaeus and Mithridates at Ephesus, 44
Arius (Christian theologian), 226–7, 233, 238, 275–6, 282–4
Arles, 124, 151–2, 158, 169, 200–201
Army, Roman,
and Constantine, 112–3, 137–43, 154–6, 166–8, 170, 208–10, 219, 285–6
and Diocletian 25, 41, 55–61, 102–3
and Licinius, 147–8, 208–9
and Maximian, 116–7, 119
and Maxentius, 132, 135
in mid-third century 10–13, 15, 24–5
weapons and equipment, 31, 206
Athanasius (Christian theologian), 283–4, 286
Augustus (first emperor of Rome), 9–10, 15–16, 24, 36, 42, 44, 52, 168–9, 225, 261–2
Aurelian (Roman emperor, 270–75), 18–25, 32, 46, 50, 59, 61, 69, 74, 79, 109, 116, 119, 126, 128, 132, 139, 149, 152, 154, 158, 177, 199, 211, 224, 285
Aurelius Victor (Roman historian), 245
Bassianus, 169–170
Bassus, Pomponius 23, 33
Bassus, Septimius (prefect of Rome) 183, 185–6, 189–91
Bassus, Junius (praetorian prefect), 244, 251–253, 256, 270, 274
Boar, see swine, feral
Byzantium, 25, 44, 213, 239–241, 260, 266, 276
See also Constantinople
Caecilian (bishop), 194–202
Carausius (usurper), 40, 55, 58–9, 211
Carinus (Roman emperor, 283–5), 10–11, 15, 22
Carus (Roman emperor, 282–3), 26, 32, 50
Charisius, Arcadius (jurist), 38, 61, 63
Christians/Christianity,
And Aurelian, 22
And Constantius I, 64, 111
And Decian edict on sacrifice 14, 80, 193–4
And Diocletian, 79–80, 91–95
And Galerius, 91, 111, 133–4
And Gallienus, 14
And Maximinus, 133–4, 146–8
And Palestine, 275–78
And penal code under Constantine, 175–6
And solar imagery, 158–9, 176–7
And themes of imperial art, 52
Anti-Christian polemic, 146, 237
At Orcistus, 281
Avoidance of Christian terminology (by Constantine), 168, 176–7, 217
Belief in Demons, 79–80
Bishops given power to hear civil cases, 180–81
Bishops given power to manumit, 181–2
Constantine’s conversion, 142–143, 150–9, 247
Constantine’s letter to (325), 216–217
Edict of Milan (so-called), 148–9
Holding civic office (before Constantine), 80–81
In the Roman army, 79–81, 210, 252–3
Outside the Roman Empire, 285–89
Responses to persecution, 94, 193–6, 227–8
Valerian’s persecution, 16, 193–4
See also Arian Controversy, Anti-Semitism, Athanasius, Constantine, Oratio ad Sanctos, Council of Arles, Council of Nicaea, Constantinople, Donatist controversy, Eusebius of Caesarea, Eusebius of Nicomedia, Martyrdom, Meletius, Nicene Creed, Ossius of Cordoba
Citizenship, Roman, 41–4, 83–4, 181, 188–9, 279
Claudius I (Roman Emperor, 41–54), 42, 179
Claudius II (Roman Emperor, 268–70), 18–19, 20, 125–6, 135–6, 171, 207
Constans (son of Constantine, emperor 337–350), 164, 242–3, 268, 282
Constantia (half sister of Constantine), 62–4, 121, 145, 169, 211, 213, 226, 282
Constantine,
And Arian Controversy, 221–3, 233–5
And Claudius II, 125–126, 136
And Council at Carnuntum, 120–1
And Council of Nicaea, 233–8, 281–2, 284
And Crispus, 97–8, 112, 117, 212, 243–5
And Donatists, 174–5, 198–203, 223–4
And first-second century emperors, 167–168, 185, 261–2
And Galerius’ Edict on Accusations, 172, 175, 207
And Judaism, 237–8, 278–81, 297
And Sol Invictus, 116, 126–8, 136, 158, 176–7
And succession to Diocletian, 98–101
As general, 116–7, 137–44, 169–71, 211–13
Conversion experience, 135–6, 142–3, 150–9, 247
Date of birth, 28 n.14
Death of, 292
Dreams and Visions, 126–8, 142–3, 154–7, 240, 259
Legislation relating to administrative efficiency, 172–4, 185, 191–2, 218–9, 253–4, 272–3
Legislation relating to Christian clerics, 180–2
Legislation relating to city councils, 135–6, 180, 188, 220, 258, 269, 272, 279
Legislation relating to the imperial office holding, 212, 218, 258, 265–7, 269
Legislation relating to divination, 179–80
Legislation relating to inheritance, 184–6, 270, 273
Legislation relating to marriage, 177–179, 186, 254–7, 273
Legislation relating to the penal code, 174–176, 178, 220, 253
Legislation relating to slavery, 177–8, 181–2, 186–91, 270–72
Legislation relating to veterans, 209–10, 219, 254
Letter of to the Council of Arles, 154, 158, 176, 201
Letter to Sapor II, 286–7
On Valerian, 224, 287
Oratio ad Sanctos, 63, 92, 221–4, 239
Personal Moral Understanding, 48–9, 117, 172–3, 187, 269, 272–3
Personality, 114, 116–7, 123–5, 128, 192, 201
Relationship with Christians before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 134, 155, 198, 200
Relationship with Constantius I, 33–4, 59, 63–4, 110–1, 113, 116, 118, 211
Relationship with Diocletian, 53, 91–2, 121, 168, 239, 241, 262–3
Relationship with Fausta, 116, 124–5, 169, 242, 245–7
Relationship with Galerius, 141
Relationship with Helena, 34, 214, 243, 245, 268, 275
Relationship with Lactantius, 64, 221–2
Relationship with Licinius, 135, 145–9, 169–171, 210–214
Relationship with Maxentius, 119, 123–4, 163, 171
Relationship with Maximian, 116–120, 124–126
Relationship with Minervina, 96–99, 117, 239
Relationship with senior officials, 145, 182, 192, 208, 212, 251–3, 274
Service under Diocletian and Galerius, 67–8, 72, 74–76, 95, 102–3, 111–2
Succession Plans, 289–90, 293
Temple closures, 276–7
Understanding of God, 116, 145–6, 158–9, 176–7, 214–18, 221–4
Usurpation (July 25, 306), 112–114
See also Athanasius, Arch of Constantine, Army, Christianity, Constantinople, “Donation of Constantine,”, Rome, Sacrifice
Constantine II (son of Constantine I, emperor 337–339), 169, 171, 293
Constantinople
City Council under Constantine, 265–7
City Goddess, 260, 263–4
Constantinian building program, 259–263
Foundation ceremonies, 241, 259, 263–4
Imperial rather than Christian city, 264–5
Palladas on, 268
Selection as imperial city, 239–40
Severan building program, 240–1
Temples at, 260, 276
Constantius I (Caesar 293–305, Augustus 305–306),
And Christians, 91, 111
And Constantine’s first marriage, 98
And reconquest of Britain, 40–41, 57–9
And aristocracy at Rome, 108–9
And succession to Diocletian, 101–2
Children by Theodora, 63–4
Early career, 19, 21–2, 33–4
Marriage to Theodora, 133
Recalls Constantine, 110–112
Relationship with Galerius (as Augustus), 109–111
Tax assessment at Autun, 135–6
See also Constantine, Sol Invictus
Constantius II (son of Constantine I, emperor 337–361), 242–4, 274, 290, 293
Constantius, Flavius (praetorian prefect), 212, 216, 252, 258
Constantius, Julius (Constantine’s half brother), 243, 253
Crispus (son of Constantine and Minervina), 96–8, 112, 171, 212, 242–247
Cyprian (bishop of Carthage), 193–5, 197
Dalmatius (son of Constantius I by Theodora), 63, 212, 252, 289
Dalmatius (son of the preceding) 289–290, 293
Decius (emperor 249–51), 13–14, 24, 36, 80, 82, 85, 193, 199, 224, 226, 329
Diocletian (emperor 284–305),
Accession/Usurpation, 26–27
Abdication, 100–103, 118, 122
And Council at Carnuntum, 120
And Court Ceremonial, 53, 70–1
And Court life, 68–9, 71
And Jupiter, 32, 94
And Persia, 31, 35–6, 55–57
At Constantinople, 263
Conception of what it meant to be Roman, 44, 178
Creates Caesars, 31–32, 39–40, 101, 244
Creates new provinces, 35
Division of Civil and Military Authority, 35
Edict on Close-Kin Marriage, 83–4
Edict on Maximum Prices, 87–91, 306
Edicts ordering Christian Persecution, 91–95, 148, 194–8, 214, 226–8
Fiscal Reforms, 74, 86–91
Imperial Residences, 50–2, 239
In Egypt, 63, 67, 71–4, 83
Legal Projects, 38–39, 41, 44, 189, 271
Letter Concerning Manicheans, 85–86
“Look of,” 53–4, 207–8
Original Name, 27
Relationship with Galerius, 40, 56–7, 91, 100–101, 120
Relationship with Maximian, 31–3, 35–6, 101, 118, 120
Religious Attitudes, 78–81, 84
Restoration of the Empire, 32, 126
Rudeness, 70
Senior officials of, 32, 38
Understanding of his job, 48, 50–53, 61–2, 86–7, 251
Unpleasant Stories about, 27, 121
Veterans benefits under, 209
Donatist controversy, 174–5, 193–203, 224, 235
Donatus (leader of Donatists), 194–5, 199–200, 223
“Donation of Constantine,” 294–6
Edict,
Constantine’s use of, 172, 177–9, 182, 185, 215, 217–8, 251, 255, 257, 270–1, 273
Of Caracalla on citizenship (constitutio Antoniniana) 13, 18, 44, 84
Toleration Edict of Gallienus, 14
Theory behind, 82–85
See also Praetor’s Edict and individual edicts under Diocletian and Galerius
Elagabalus (emperor 217–222), 22, 132
Elagabal (God), 22
See also Sol Invictus
Eunapius (historian), 246, 301
Eusebius (of Caesarea)
At Council of Nicaea, 234
Does not mention Edict on Maximum Prices, 90
Evidence on Divisions of the Empire, 110
Expulsion of Christians from the army, 81
Omits Fausta from The Life of Constantine, 245
On Constantinian Marriage Legislation, 178
On Constantine’s Building in the Holy Land, 276–7
On Constantine’s Death, 291
On Constantine and his officials, 267
On Constantine’s Anti-Pagan Activities, 269, 276–7
On Constantinople, 265
On Licinius’ Persecution, 210–1
On Maximinus and the Christians, 146–9
On Miraculous Powers of Constantine’s Battle Standard, 213
On the Vision of Constantine, 142, 155–7
Qualities of The Life of Constantine, 293–4, 302–3
Sees Constantine in his youth, 71
Source of Documents on the Donatist Controversy, 224
Eusebius (of Nicomedia) 226, 229–31, 234, 238, 282–8, 291
Eusebius (invented author), 294
Eutropia (empress, wife of Maximian), 32, 245, 275
Eutropia (daughter of Constantius I), 63–4
Eutropius (historian), 245
Evagrius (praetorian prefect), 252–6, 258, 269–70, 274, 280, 290–1, 293
Fausta (wife of Constantine)
Allegations about affair with Crispus, 245–6
And Death of Maximian, 124–5
At Rome, 164
Children, 169–71
Date of Birth, 51, 97
Public Image, 242–3
Relationship with Constantine, 242, 247, 298–9
Remains possibly interred with Constantine’s, 292–3
Wedding with Constantine, 117, 119
Felix (praetorian prefect), 252, 269, 272, 274, 280, 290
Felix of Abthungi, 195–6, 201
Franks, 7, 19, 117, 126, 211, 243
Galerius (C. Galerius Valerius Maximianus, Caesar 293–305 Augustus 305–311),
And Council of Carnuntum, 120–21
And Diocletian’s Persecution Edict, 91
And Persians, 55–57, 59–61
Death of, 134–5, 302
Edict on Accusations, 110
Invasion of Italy (307), 119, 131, 137, 165
Judgment of, 116
Lactantius on, 302–3
On Valerian, 56
Persecution Edict of, 94, 133–4, 148–9, 228
Place of Birth, 23
Registration of Italy for taxation, 100
Relationship with Constantine, 98, 100, 111–3, 175, 207
Relationship with Constantius I, 109, 111
Relationship with Diocletian, 40, 71, 90–1, 110, 120–1
Relationship with Licinius, 107, 121, 207
Relationship with Maxentius, 119
Relationship with Maximian, 102, 118
Relationship with Maximinus, 100
Relationship with Severus, 101
Representation of, 53–4, 59–61
Senior Staff of, 107
Stories Stressing His Courage, 56, 111, 141
Unpleasant Stories About, 111, 121–2
See also Arch of Galerius
Gallienus (emperor, 253–268), 8–10, 12–15, 17–19, 50–1, 58, 133, 209, 211
Goths, 7, 125–6, 211, 285–6
Gregorius (jurist), 38–40
Gregorius (praetorian prefect) 290
Guardians, for children (see tutela)
Hadrian (emperor 117–238), 37–8, 40, 48, 167–8, 257, 278–9
Hannibalianus (first husband of Eutropia), 32
Hannibalianus (son of Constantius I and Theodora), 63
Hannibalianus (son of Dalmatius), 289, 293
Helena (mother of Constantine),
Birthplace, 44 (with n. 14)
Death and Burials, 260–1, 309 (with n.1)
Divorce, 34
Journey to the Holy Land, 275, 277, 279, 283
Marriage to Constantius I, 14, 97, 121, 292
Public Image under Constantine, 171, 243, 245, 275
Relationship to Constantine, 34, 214, 298
Residence at Rome, 34, 164
Saint, 294
Hermogenianus (jurist), 38–40, 44, 68
Hispellum, 281–282
Inheritance law, definition of terms, 184–5
Julian (Roman Emperor, 360–63), 244, 267, 293–4
Lactantius (Christian rhetorician/theologian),
Career, 64, 302
Influence on Constantine’s Thought, 217, 223–4
Knowledge of events in the Italian Campaign of 312, 142–3
On Constantine’s departure from the court of Galerius, 112 n.9
On Death of Galerius, 134, 302
On Death of Maximian, 124
On Diocletian’s Abdication, 102 n.6
On Diocletian’s accession, 27
On Diocletian’s building at Nicomedia, 51, 67
On Diocletian’s Expulsion of Christians from Imperial Service, 79–81
On the Christian God and the Sun, 159
On Constantine’s Vision Before the Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 143, 150, 154
On Licinius’ Letter Concerning the Christian in 313, 149
On Licinius’ Prayer, 148 n.7
On Edict on Maximum Prices, 87, 90
On Galerius and Diocletian, 7, 91
On Galerius’ Persian Campaign, 56
On inclusion of Italy in the census, 110
On Maximian and Galerius, 102
On Origins of the Great Persecution, 91
On revolt of Maxentius, 115
Point of Concerning the Deaths of the Persecutors, 157, 302
Reflects gossip at the time of the Council at Carnuntum, 120–1
Views on Martyrdom, 194
Licinius (Roman Emperor, 308–324),
Alliance with Constantine, 135
And the “Highest God,” 146–147
Appointed Augustus, 120
Campaign Against Maximinus, 147–8
Connection with Galerius prior to accession, 107, 119, 121
Death, 214, 246
First War with Constantine, 169–71, 202
Hostility to Maximinus, 122, 134
Letter to Eastern Governors on Religious Toleration, 148–9, 173
Marriage to Constantia, 145, 163, 213
Meeting with Constantine at Milan (313), 145, 148
Not Obviously Hostile to Christians, 226, 230, 232
On Arch of Constantine, 167–8
Public Image of, 207
Second War with Constantine, 210–14, 223, 240, 261
Surviving Legislation of, 207–9, 215–6, 219
Majorian (Christian Bishop), 194, 196, 199
Marcus Aurelius (Roman Emperor, 161–180), 37, 43, 50, 152, 167, 201
Marinus of Arles (Christian bishop), 155, 200
Marriage,
As a metaphor for ordered society, 83–4, 178–9
Legislation governing, 83–4, 178–9, 254–57, 270, 273
Martianus (Caesar to Licinius, 324), 213
Martyrdom, Christian, 81, 146, 193–5, 197–8, 202, 217, 227–8, 291
Maternus of Cologne (Christian bishop), 155, 200
Maxentius (Roman Emperor 306–312),
And Battle of the Milvian Bridge, 142–4, 168–9
And Christian Church, 134–5, 195, 199
And Execution of Severus, 120
And Revolt of Domitius Alexander, 123–4
Building Projects at Rome, 132–3, 164–7
Celebration of Maximian (after 310), 133
Expels Maximian, 120
Marriage to Galerius’ daughter, 100, 119
Situation in 305 better than Constantine’s 110
Supporters, 115, 131–2, 145, 173, 182, 215
Usurpation, 115–116
Maximian (Roman Emperor, Caesar, 285, Augustus, 286–305),
Abdication, 100–103
And Carausius, 40
And Conference at Carnuntum, 120–1
And Diocletianic Persecution, 195
And Usurpation of Maxentius, 115–6
Appointed Augustus, 33
Appointed Caesar, 32–3
As Augustus, 51
Associates, 107–9
Celebrated by Constantine (c. 317), 171
Celebrated by Maxentius (after 310), 133
Death of, 124–5
Early Career, 31–2
Expelled by Maxentius, 120
Image of (in 307), 118–9
Relationship with Constantius I, 33, 40
Relationship to Diocletian, 35–6, 52–4, 60, 71, 95, 119
Relationship with Galerius, 91, 102
Maximinus (Roman Emperor, Caesar 305–311, Augustus, 311–13),
And Christians, 111, 133–4, 146–8, 226
Appointed Caesar, 100–2, 113
Death, 148
Hostility to Licinius, 122, 135, 170, 209
Relationship with Galerius, 100, 136
Maximus, (Valerius Maximus Basilus, prefect of Rome, 319–21) 175, 179, 183, 185–9, 191–2, 201
Maximus (Valerius, praetorian prefect), 219–20, 252, 258, 272, 290, 293
Meletius (Christian Bishop), 227–29, 236, 315–6
Mensurius (Christian Bishop), 195–199
Milvian Bridge, Battle of (312), 140, 142–4, 154, 176, 213, 296
Minervina (Constantine’s first wife), 96–9, 112, 117, 239, 298
Munera, civic
Christian Priests holding (before Constantine), 80–81
Efforts to avoid, 45, 84, 178, 188, 220
Immunity from for Aspiring Architects, 269
Immunity from for Christian Clerics, 180
Immunity from for Some Jewish Leaders, 238, 279–80
Immunity from for Imperial Officials, 69–70, 83
Immunity from for Ship Captains, 270
Immunity from for Soldiers and Veterans, 12, 209, 219
Performed by the Marginally Literate, 47
Prior Performance by those Entering Imperial Service, 208
Rescripts Cannot Grant Immunity, 272
Types, 11–12, 38 (Charisius), 83, 280
Unfair Assignment, 272
Narses (King of Persia, 293–302), 55–7, 59–62
Numerian (Emperor of Rome 283–4), 26–7
Optatianus (Publilius Optatianus Porphyrius Poet and Prefect of Rome), 170, 243, 266, 275, 286
Orcistus, 281
Ossius of Cordoba (Christian bishop), 134, 155, 181–2, 198, 200
Pacatianus (Lucius Papius, Praetorian Prefect) 252, 269, 282
Palladas (poet), 94, 267–8
Panegyric,
10 (289)(for Maximian), 31–3, 35–6
8 (298) (for Constantius) 57–9
7 (307)(Maximian and Constantine) 118–19
6 (310) (Constantine) 124, 127
12 (313) 142, 150, 154, 168
4 (321) 157–8, 171, 211
Significance of Panegyrics as evidence for the period, 302–303
Persecution, of Christians, see Decius, Diocletian, Donatists, Galerius, Maximinus, Meletius, Valerian
Peter (bishop of Alexandria), 147, 227–9
Piazza Armerina, 76–77
Praetorian prefect,
In 305–6, 107, 109–10, 112, 115
Responsibilities of, 17–18
Role in Imperial Assassinations, 17, 23–4, 26–7
Under Constantine, 251–2, 289
Under Diocletian, 32–3, 38, 61–3, 68
See also Ablabius, Aemilianus, Arcadius Charisius, Bassus (Iunius), Evagrius, Felix, Flavius Constantius, Hermogenianus, Maximus (Valerius), Pacatianus, Severus, Volusianus
Praetor’s Edict, 38–9
Prefect of Rome,
Duties, 16, 183–92, 254
Social importance, 16–17
Under Constantine, 145, 183–92
Under Maxentius, 131–2
Under Maximian, 107–9
Rescripts,
Allowing Jews to be assigned to civic munera at Cologne, 279
Asserting Moral Positions, 46–7
Authority of (when contradicting statute), 185
Closing Specific Temples, 276
On Children born of Incestuous Relationships, 86
On Disputed Property, 217
On Sunday as a Holiday, 177
“Petition and Response” in Roman Government, 37–9, 82–3, 147, 182
Recipients of Rescripts, 40–1, 44, 51–2
Resurrection (Christian Doctrine), 159, 221, 236–7, 277
See also Anastasia
Reticius of Autun (Christian bishop), 155, 200
Rome,
Aurelian Wall, 22–3, 50, 119
And Constantine, 151, 163–6, 168–9, 223, 244–7
And Constantinople, 239–40, 259, 261–3, 266, 268
And Diocletian, 32, 55–51, 67, 100–1
And Feral Swine, 212
And Helena, 34, 261
And Maxentius, 115–6, 123, 131–3, 142
And Maximian, 51, 100–1, 107, 110, 118–9
Church Council at (313), 198–200
Ceases to be primary imperial residence, 32, 50
Food Supply, 24, 123, 173, 267
See also Arch of Constantine, Prefect of Rome
Sacrifice,
And Christians, 79–81
And Constantine, 145, 179, 241, 269 n.1, 281
Procedure, 78–79
St. Peter’s Basilica (Rome), 164
Salaries of imperial officials, 17, 69
Sapor I (King of Persia, 240–272), 7–9, 26, 55–6, 61–2, 86, 287
Sapor II (King of Persia, 309–379), 287, 289–90, 293
Secundus of Tigisis (Christian Bishop), 195–6
Severus, Acilius (Prefect of Rome), 254
Severus, Flavius Valerius (Roman Emperor, Caesar 305–6, Augustus, 306–7), 101–3, 109–16, 119–20, 131, 133, 195
Severus, Septimius (Roman Emperor, 193–21), 10, 24, 44, 151–2, 154, 168, 240–1
Severus (Praetorian Prefect), 212
Sirmium, 31, 50–1, 102, 110, 169–70
Slavery,
Actions for claiming a person as a slave, 189–90, 272
As penalty, 14, 92, 189
Brutality towards, 190–1, 272
Emancipation of, 177, 181
Harsher penalties for slaves, 11, 175
Jews as owners of, 280
In Constantinian Propaganda, 172–3
Marriages between slaves and free persons, 177–8, 188
Parents Sell Children Into, 46, 187–8, 271–2
“Stain” of, 187
See also Life of Aesop
Sol/Sol Invictus,
And Colossus of Constantine at Rome, 165–6
And Constantine’s vision at Grand, 126–8
And Constantius I, 116, 128, 156
And Elagabal (God) under Aurelian, 21–2, 36, 50, 313, 329, 338, 357
And Image of Constantine at Constantinople, 263–4
Importance Misrepresented in The Da Vinci Code, 297
Not stressed by Diocletian, 136
On Constantinian Coinage, 136, 176–8
Sun as Symbol of Resurrection, 158–9, 176
Statues/relief sculpture
Animation of, 146
Destruction of, 170
Collections of statues at Constantinople, 261–2
Reuse of, 166–68
Status, social
Basic Categories, 11
Fluidity of Definitions for free persons, 41–4
“Emperor’s Public,” 41–47, 52–3, 273–4
Marked relationship to munera, 11–12, 70
See also Munera, slavery
Swine, feral 59–60, 167, 212, 269
Theodora (step-daughter of Maximian, second wife of Constantius I), 33, 63, 117
Trier, 43–44, 50–2, 59, 101, 110–11, 114, 117, 127, 134, 163, 169, 214, 239, 242–3, 245
Tutela (guardianship of minor children) 11, 26, 37, 46, 184, 236, 270, 273
Tutor (guardians for children see tutela)
Urban Prefecture, see Prefect of Rome
Valens (Caesar to Licinius, 317), 170–1
Valerian (Roman Emperor, 253–260), 7–8, 10, 13–17, 36, 56, 58, 61–2, 193–4, 211, 224, 287
Volusianus, Ceionius Rufius (Praetorian prefect and Prefect of Rome), 116, 132, 145, 169, 172–4
York, 112, 114