| EETS— | Early English Text Society |
| EHR— | English Historical Review |
| L.P.— | Letters and Papers, Foreign and Domestic, of the Reign of Henry VIII, ed. J. S. Brewer, R. H. Brodie and James Gairdner. 21 vols. London: Her Maj esty’s Stationery Office, 1862–1910. |
| Sp. Cal.— | Calendar of Letters, Despatches, and State Papers, relating to the Negotiations between England and Spain, ed. Pascual de Gayangos et al. 13 vols. London: His, and Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1867–1954. |
| Ven. Cal.— | Calendar of State Papers and Manuscripts, Relating to English Affairs, Existing in the Archives and Collections of Venice, ed. Rawdon Brown and Allen B. Hinds. 38 vols. London: Longman & Co., 1864–1947. |
References to L.P., Sp. Cal., Ven. Cal. and similar collections are to page numbers, not document numbers.
1. Frederick Chamberlin, The Private Character of Henry the Eighth (New York, 1931), p. 129, facing p. 168.
2. Ven. Cal. II, 92.
1. L.P. I:i, 742.
2. Ibid., ILL 435.
3. Rawdon Brown, ed. and trans., Four Years at the Court of Henry VIII, 2 vols. (London, 1854), I, 181.
4. Ibid., I, 182.
5. Ibid., I, 136 note 3.
6. J. S. Brewer, The Reign of Henry VIII: from his Accession to the Death of Wolsey, 2 vols. (London, 1884), 1,45.
7. Gladys Temperley, Henry VII (Boston and New York, 1914), pp. 207-8.
8. Ibid., 123.
9. Ibid., 55.
10. Chamberlin, p. 93.
1. Charles Wriothesley, A Chronicle of England, during the Reigns of the Tudors, ed. William Douglas Hamilton, 2 vols. (London, 1875-77), I, 10-11 and note.
2. John Caius, A Boke or Counseill againste the Siveate, folio 9, cited in Brewer, I, 238.
3. Peter Krivatsky, “Erasmus’ Medical Milieu,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, XLVII (1973), 120-21.
4. L.P. II:ii, 1,473.
5. Ibid., 1,372.
6. Ibid., 1,376-77; Brown, II, 233-34.
7. Brown, II, 237.
1. L.P. III:i, 37.
2. Ibid., II:ii, 1,547; III:i, 198.
3. L.P. II:iL 1,108.
4. Frederick Madden, Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary (London, 1831), p. xxix.
5. Ibid.
6. Quoted in H. Maynard Smith, Pre-Reformation England (London, 1938), p. 239.
7. John Brand, Observations of Popular Antiquities, arr. and rev. Henry Ellis, 3 vols. (London, 1813), II, 363.
8. Madden, p. xxxi.
9. L.P. HI:ii, 1,098-99, 1,4055.
10. A Companion to Shakespeare Studies, ed. Harley Granville-Barker and G. B. Harrison (Garden City, New York, 1960), p. 156.
11. Brown, I, 297-98 note.
12. Ibid., II, 163-64. This anecdote has been cited by Mary’s biographers as proof of her precocious piety and obsession with the clergy, since she called Memo “Priest, priest!” In fact, as the complete account of the incident shows clearly, it was his playing that delighted her and not his clerical status.
13. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, ed. Foster Watson (New York and London, 1912), p. 96.
14. John E. Paul, Catharine of Aragon and Her Friends (London, 1966), p.
15. L.P. III: ii, 629-30.
16. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, p. 84 and passim.
17. Matthias A. Shaaber, Some Forerunners of the Newspaper in England, 1412-1622 (Philadelphia, 1929), p. 147 and note.
18. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, pp. 64-66.
19. Ibid., 96.
20. Temperley, p. 93.
21. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, p. 10.
22. Sp. Cal. IV:ii, 737.
1. Sydney Anglo, Spectacle Pageantry and Early Tudor Policy (Oxford, 1969), pp. 172-73.
2. Smith, p. 35.
3. Brown, II, 17-18.
4. Ibid., II, 117.
5. Ibid., II, 88 note; Brewer, I, 113.
6. Brewer, I, 602.
7. Smith, p. 514.
8. Erwin Doernberg, Henry Vlll and Luther (Stanford, California, 1967), P-31.
9. L.P. III: ii, 719.
10. Robert Withington, English Pageantry: An Historical Outline, 2 vols. (Cambridge and London, 1918—20), I, 175-78.
11. Ibid., I, 97.
12. L.P. III: ii, 608-9, 613.
13. Paul, p. 55.
14. Madden, p. xxxii.
15. L.P. III: ii, 1,188.
1. From a Garter manuscript, Sir H. Nares’ Collections, folio MS p. 22, cited in Agnes Strickland, Lives of the Queens of England, 8 vols. (London, 1851), III, 514 note.
2. Inventories of the Wardrobes, Plate, Chapel Stuff, etc., of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond, ed. John Gough Nichols (London, 1854), p. xiv.
3. Brewer, II, 102-3.
4. Ibid.
5. Inventories, p. 19.
6. Ibid., pp. xlvii-xlviii.
7. Lord Ferrers, steward of Mary’s Welsh household, referred to her Council as “the Prince’s Council.” L.P. IV:i:ii, 830.
8. A. F. Powell, Henry VIII (London, 1905; rev. ed. 1951), pp. 291-92.
9. L.P. IV:i:ii, 1,044-45.
10. Ibid., 709.
11. Ibid., 753.
12. Withington, I, 179.
13. Madden, p. xlii.
14. L.P. IV:ii, 1,093.
15. Ibid., 1,087.
16. Ibid., IV:i:ii, 830.
17. Ibid., 1,044.
1. L.P. IV:ii, 1,075.
2. Anglo, p. 167.
3. Wriothesley, 1,107.
4. L.P. IV:i:ii, 1,001.
5. Ibid., 884.
6. Chamberlin, p. 148.
7. L.P. IV:i:ii, 864.
8. Vives and the Renascence Education of Women, pp. 102ff.
9. L.P. IV:ii, 1,157.
10. Ibid., 1,204-5, 1.238, 1,441.
11. Ibid., 1,271.
12. L.P. IV:i:ii, 634.
13. Sp. Cal. III:i, 82; J. M. Stone, The History of Mary I Queen of England (London, 1901),p. 27.
14. Quoted in Brewer, II, 152-53.
15. The foregoing has been drawn from three eyewitness accounts of the sack of Rome printed in Brewer, II, 116-27.
1. L.P. IV:ii, 1,638.
2. J. J. Scarisbrick, Henry VIII (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1968), p. 151.
3. Wriothesley, I, 18 note.
4. L.P. IV:ii, 1,500-1.
5. Inventories, p. lvii.
6. L.P. IV:ii, 2,112.
7. Sp. Cal. IV: i, 96.
8. L.P. IV:ii, 2,113.
1. L.P. V, 239.
2. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 351.
3. L.P. V, 136.
4. Ibid., 137.
5. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 351-52.
6. L.P.V, IIO-II.
7. Ibid., 136.
8. Ibid., 591.
9. Sp. Cal. IV: i, 634.
10. L.P. IV:ii, 2,167.
11. Ibid., V, 239.
12. Ibid., 226-27.
13. Ibid., 683.
14. Ibid., 505, 438; Sp. Cal. IV:i, 773.
15. L.P.V, 505.
16. Sp. Cal. IV:i, 633.
17. L.P. V, 145.
18. Ibid., 101
19. Ibid., 210-11, 243.
20. Ibid., 753.
21. Ibid., 125.
22. Sp. Cal. IV: ii:i, 353-54.
23. L.P. V, 137.
24. Ibid., 161.
25. Quoted in Stone, p. 494.
1. An English Garner: Tudor Tracts, 1532-1588 (Westminster, 1903), pp. 27-28. Descriptions of Anne’s progress and coronation are taken from Wriothesley, I, i8ff., Withington, I, i8off., Anglo, 258-59, and L.P. VI, 181-82, 250-51, 264-66, 276-78.
2. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:i, 487.
3. L.P. V, 288.
4. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 646, 688; William Chappell, Old English Popular Music (New York, 1855, reprint 1961), pp. 54-55.
5. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 646; Anglo, 259.
6. Ibid., 923.
7. Brewer, II, 173.
8. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 788.
9. Ibid., IV:ii:i, 584.
10. Ibid., IV:ii:ii, 693.
11. Ibid., 681.
12. Ibid., 645.
13. Ibid., 738.
14. Ibid., 646.
15. Ibid., 740.
16. Ibid., 1,058.
17. Strickland, III, 326-27.
18. Psalm 91: 5-7.
19. II Kings 6:16.
1. L.P. VI, 418, 624,584-89.
2. Ibid., 399-400.
3. Ibid., 655.
4. Ibid., 227.
5. Franklin Le Van Baumer, The Early Tudor Theory of Kingship (New Haven and London, 1940), p. 86.
6. Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 822, 839.
7. Ibid., 839.
8. Ibid., 881-82.
9. L.P. VII, 8.
10. Ibid., 84.
11. Ibid., 69.
12. Ibid., 14-16.
13. Ibid., 214.
14. Ibid., 254.
15. Ibid., 127.
16. Ibid., 323.
17. Ibid., 634.
18. Ibid., 214.
19. Sp. Cal. V:i, 11.
1. L.P. III:i, 508-9.
2. L.P. VIII, 76-77.
3. Ibid., 105.
4. Ibid., 1-2.
5. Ibid., 66.
6. Ibid., V, 90; VII, 463; Madden, liii-liv; Sp. Cal. IV:ii:ii, 724,
7. L.P.VIL445.
8. Ibid., VIII, 172-73.
9. Ibid., VIII, 167.
10. L.P. VII, 463.
11. Ibid., 497.
12. Sp. Cal. V:i, 280.
13. L.P. VII, 463.
14. Paul Friedmann, Anne Boleyn: A Chapter of English History 1527-1536, 2 vols. (London, 1884), II, 50-51.
15. This list is taken from the works of the sixteenth-century surgeon Ambroise Pare, quoted in Ilza Veith, Hysteria: the History of a Disease (Chicago and London, 1965), pp. 116-17.
16. Veith, p. 118.
17. L.P. V, 169.
1. L.P. VIII, 251, 272.
2. Philip Hughes, The Reformation in England, 3 vols. (New York, 1951-54), I. 280.
3. L.P. VIII, 272.
4. Friedmann, II, 54.
5. Ibid., II, 82.
6. L.P. VII, 62.
7. Sp. Cal. V:i, 520.
8. L.P. VIII, 373.
1. L.P. VIII, 253.
2. Ibid., 210.
3. Sp. Cal. V:i, 410.
4. L.P. VIII, 103.
5. Sp. Cal. V:i, 433.
6. L.P. VIII, 194.
7. Ibid., 165.
8. Ibid., 370.
9. Sp. Cal. V:i, 573.
10. Ibid., 433; L.P. VIII, 169.
11. Sp. Cal. V:i, 519-20.
12. Ibid., 529.
13. Ibid., 465.
14. Ibid., 540.
15. L.P. IX, 230.
16. Sp. Cal. V:i, 559-60.
17. L.P. IX, 262,288, 290.
18. Ven. Cal. V, 257-58.
19. L.P. X, 20-22.
1. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 28.
2. L.P. VIII, 78-79.
3. Ven. Cal. V, 40.
4. L.P. X, 14.
5. Ibid., 104-6, 14-15.
6. Ibid., 27.
7. Ibid., 135.
8. Ibid., 67-70.
9. Ibid., 134.
10. Ibid., 103.
11. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 14.
12. L.P. X, 134.
13. Ibid., 116—17.
14. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 12-13; L.P. X, 69.
15. L.P.X,315.
16. Ibid., 377-78.
17. Ibid., 378.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid., 401.
1. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 124.
2. Ibid., 133.
3. Ibid., 107.
4. Wriothesley, 1,44.
5. Ibid., 51.
6. Ibid., 49.
7. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 139.
8. Wriothesley, I, 45.
9. L.P. X, 466-67.
10. Ibid., 411—14.
11. Ibid. XII:ii, 48,341-42.
11. Sp. Cal.V-.ii, 184.
13. L.P. X, 466-67.
14. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 183.
1. L.P. XIV:i, 81.
2. Ibid., XI, 16.
3. Ibid., X, 137-44.
4. Ibid., 144.
5. Ibid., XVI, 586.
6. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 195; Wriothesley, I, 51.
7. Sp. Cal. V-.ti, 195.
8. L.P. XI, 136.
9. Ibid., 132.
10. Sp. Cal. VTU, 199.
11. L.P.XI, 26.
12. Ibid., 54.
13. Ibid., 101,
14. Ibid., 65.
1. L.P. XII: i, 579; Wriothesley, I, 64.
2. Quoted in Strickland, III, 13-14.
3. Madden, p, 43.
4. L.P. Xllru, 319-20.
5. L.P. VII, 263-68.
6. Wriothesley, 1,65.
7. L.P. XII:i, 406,
8. Wriothesley, I, 59-60.
9. L.P. XI, 346.
10. Madden, p. 30.
11. L.P. XII:i, 292.
12. Ibid., XII :ii, 30.
13. Madden, pp. 44-45.
14. Ibid., 44.
1. L.P. XVI, 586.
2. Madden, p. civ.
3. Ibid., 176.
4. Ibid., 174ff.
5. Ibid., 178.
6. Royal Letters, ed. Wood, III, 17.
7. Madden, pp. 26, 31 and passim.
8. Ibid., 177.
9. Ibid., 211 and passim.
10. Ibid., cxxxiv.
11. Ibid., cxxxix-cxl.
12. L.P. XVI, 586.
13. Madden, p. 251.
14. Ibid., 30.
15. Ibid., 48 and passim.
16. Sp. Cal.V:ii, 198-99.
17. Ibid., 282-84.
18. L.P. XII:i, 307.
19. Ibid., XII:ii, 92.
20. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 284.
21. L.P. XII:i, 526.
1. A Relation . . . of the Island of England, trans. Charlotte Augusta Sneyd (London, 1847), pp. 30-31, 83-84.
2. Wriothesley, I, 89-90 and note.
3. Ibid., 86 note.
4. Sp. Cal. VI:i, 25-26.
5. L.P. XIILi, 26.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., 395-96.
8. Wriothesley, I, 115.
9. Ibid., 85.
10. L.P. XVI, 440.
11. Wriothesley, I, 73.
12. Ibid., 125.
13. L.P. XII:ii, 48.
14. Ibid., XIV:i, 18.
15. Ibid., XIII:ii, 269-70, 312-13, 318, 333; XIV:i, 15.
16. Ibid., XIII: ii, 318.
17. Ibid., XIV:i, 451-52.
1. L.P. XV, 389-91. There is no evidence that Henry ever referred to Anne as a “Flanders mare.”
2. Ibid., 65.
3. Sp. Cal. VI:i, 408.
4. L.P. XVI, 217.
5. Ibid., 615-16.
6. Ibid., 618.
7. Ibid., 620; Sp. Cal. VI: i, 396.
8. L.P. XVI, 149, 217; Sp. Cal. VI:i, 309.
9. L.P. XVI, 637.
10. Sp. Cal. V:ii, 196.
11. L.P. XIV:ii, 257; Xlll-.ii, 69.
12. Ibid., XIV:i, 18, 41; XVI, 59.
13. Ibid., XVI, 115.
14. Ibid., XVII, 220-21.
15. Ibid., Addenda, I:ii, 443.
16. Ibid., XVII, 124, 140.
17. Sp. Cal. VI :i, 484, 506, 508.
18. L.P. XVII, 170.
19. Ibid., XVI, 552.
20. Ibid., 586.
1. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 223, 138.
2. Ibid., 223, 190; L.P. XVII, 675.
3. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 224; L.P. XVIII:i, 162.
4. L.P. XVIII:i, 1; Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 89.
5. Sp. Cal. VI:ii, 219.
6. L.P.XXI: i, 479.
7. Ibid., XXI:ii, 394ft
8. Brewer, I, 233 and note.
9. Scarisbrick, pp. 485—86 and note.
10. Brewer, I, 233 and note.
11. L.P. XVIII: i, 483.
12. Ibid., XIX:i, 64, 189.
13. Ibid., XXI:ii, 175-76.
14. Madden, pp. 152, 220. Those of Mary’s biographers who have assumed that she and her women did the embroidery themselves have overlooked the payment to Brellont.
15. Sp. Cal. VII, 109,165.
16. L.P. XXI:i, 136, 169.
17. Wriothesley, I, 181.
18. Ven. Cal. VI :i, lviii-lix.
19. Patrick Fraser Tytler, England Under the Reigns of Edward VI and Mary, 2 vols. (London, 1839), 1,30.
1. L.P. XIII:ii, 373.
2. Ibid., XXI:i, 282.
3. Ibid., 400.
4. Hughes, II, 25-29.
5. Sp. Cal. IX, 495-96.
6. Ibid., 101.
7. Ibid., 123.
1. Sp. Cal. IX, 405.
2. Baumer, p. 104.
3. Quoted in Whitney R. D. Jones, The Tudor Commonwealth 1529-1559 (London, 1970), p. 53. The foregoing is based in part on Jones’ analysis of the multiple crises of Edward’s reign.
4. Tytler, I, 188.
5. Sp. Cal. IX, 101.
6. Ibid., 298.
7. Quoted in Hughes, II, 170.
8. Sp. Cal. IX, 405.
9. Ibid., 350-51.
10. Ibid., 333.
11. Ibid., 336.
12. Ibid., 360-61.
13. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 2 vols. (London, 1856), I, 20; Sp. Cal. IX, 405-8.
14. Sp. Cal. IX, 444-47.
15. Ibid.
1. Tytler, I, 174.
2. Sp. Cal. IX, 459.
3. Ibid., 469-70.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., 469-70, 489-90.
6. Ibid., X, 6-7.
7. Ibid., 6.
8. Ibid., 43.
9. Viscount Dillon, “Barriers and Foot Combats,” Archaeological Journal, LXI (1904), 304.
10. Sp. Cal. X, 9.
11. Henry Clifford, The Life of Jane Dormer, Duchess of Feria (London, 1887), pp. 62-63.
12. Sp. Cal. X, 144-45.
13. Ibid., IX, 99.
14. Ibid., X, 40-41.
15. Ibid., 68-69.
16. Ibid., 80-81.
1. Sp. Cal. X, 97,106,116,117.
2. Ibid., 80-86.
3. Ibid., 94.
4. What follows is taken from Dubois’ own account of the rescue attempt, written a few days after it happened, “in full and as nearly as possible in the actual words spoken.” Sp. Cal. X, 124-35.
5. Ibid., 126-27.
1. Sp. Cal. X, 144-45.
2. Ibid., 152-53 and note.
3. Literary Remains of Ed-ward VI, ed. J. G. Nichols, 2 vols. (London, 1857), II, 279.
4. Sp.Cal.X, 153.
5. Ibid., 145.
6. Tytler, I, 347.
7. Sp. Cal. X, 151-52.
8. Ibid., 207-8.
9. Clifford, pp. 61-62.
10. Sp. Cal. X, 9.
11. Ibid., 249.
12. Chapman, p. 200.
13. Sp. Cal. X, 209-10.
14. Ibid., 212.
15. Ibid., 215.
16. Ibid., 212-13.
17. Ibid., 258-60.
1. Sp. Cal. X, 257.
2. Ibid., 285.
3. Quoted in Jones, Tudor Commonwealth, p. 150.
4. Sp. Cal. X, 256-57 note.
5. Ibid., 347.
6. Andrews, pp. 1275. From John Caius’ book on the sweat of 1551.
7. Ibid., 357.
8. Ibid., 314.
9. Ibid., 248, 383.
10. What follows is taken from Rich’s account of the interview, quoted in Strickland, III, 414-17, and ffom Sp. Cal. X, 358-60.
11. The Accession of Queen Mary: being the Contemporary Narrative of Antonio de Guaras, a Spanish Merchant Resident in London, ed. Richard Garnett (London, 1892), pp. 100-1.
12. Sp. Cal. X, 223.
13. Ibid., 8-9.
14. Ibid., 223.
15. Ibid., 384-85.
16. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 48.
17. Sp. Cal. X, 377.
18. Ibid., 379.
19. Ibid., XI, 40. The best brief description of the altering of the succession in the last days of Edward’s reign is S. T. Bindoff, “A Kingdom at Stake, 1553,” History Today (September 1953), pp. 642-48.
20. Sp. Cal. XI, 35.
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 69.
2. Who the messenger was is unknown. According to one account, it was Mary’s goldsmith; according to another, it was Nicholas Throckmorton. It is an intriguing mystery, but the fact that Mary was forewarned of her danger several days before Edward’s death and that she had already decided to go north makes the identity of this anonymous “friend” less important than Mary’s biographers have thought.
3. The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 89.
4. Sp. Cal. XI, 80; The Diary of Henry Machyn, Citizen and Merchant-Taylor of London, from A.D. I$$O to A.D. 1563, ed. John Gough Nichols (London, 1848), p. 35.
5. Machyn, p. 36.
6. Sp. Cal. XI, 94.
7. The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 91.
8. Ibid., 92.
9. Accounts of the rejoicing at Mary’s proclamation are in Sp. Cal. XI, 108, 115; Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, ed. John Gough Nichols (London, 1850), p. 11; The Accession of Queen Mary, p. 95.
10. Sp. Cal. XI, 112.
11. Ibid., 113.
12. Ibid., 114.
13. This account of Mary’s entry into London follows Wriothesley, II, 92-95.
14. Sp. Cal. XI, 120.
1. Perlin’s account of England in Mary’s time, “A Description of England and Scotland,” is in The Antiquarian Repertory, 4 vols. (London, 1775-84).
2. Machyn, p. 336 note.
3. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Edward VI, ed. William B. Turnbull (London, 1861), p. 55.
4. Percy Ernst Schramm, A History of the English Coronation, trans. Leopold G. Wickman Legg (Oxford, 1937), p. 57.
5. L.P. IV:i:ii, 267.
6. Tytler, II, 127.
7. Ven. Cal. VI: i, xxix.
8. Ibid., VI:i, 25,95.
9. Sp. Cal. XIII, 248.
10. Ven. Cal. V, 533.
11. Sp. Cal. XI, 166.
12. Ven. Cal. V, 532.
13. Sp. Cal. XI, 373.
14. Helen Simpson, The Spanish Marriage (Edinburgh, 1933), p. 99.
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 119-10.
2. Ibid., 183-86; Antiquarian Repertory, I, 217.
3. Sp. Cal. XI, 187.
4. Tytler, II, 144.
5. Pen. Cal. V, 384-85.
6. Sp.Cai.Xl, 131.
7. Acts of the Privy Council of England, New Series, ed. John Roche Dasent, 31 vols. (London, 1890-1918), IV, 318.
8. Sp. Cal. XI, 169-70.
9. Ibid., 131.
10. Ibid., 188.
11. Cited in Philip Hughes, II, 195 note.
12. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, ed. John Gough Nichols (Westminster, 1859), pp. 315-18.
13. Chappell, pp. 54-55.
14. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 16.
15. Machyn, pp. 41, 332 note; Wriothesley, II, 97ft.
16. Sp. Cal. XI, 188, 172,
17. Ibid., 189.
18. Ibid., 132..
19. Ibid., 189.
20. Ibid., 215.
1. Clifford, pp. 48-49.
2. Sp. Cal. XI, 262.
3. Chronicle of Queen fane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 27.
4. Ibid., p. 30.
5. This account of Mary’s royal entry is taken from J. R. Planche, Regal Records (London, 1838), pp. 3-11; Anglo, pp. 319-22; and Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 27-30.
6. Sp. Cal. XI, 259-60.
7. Ibid., 210.
8. The design of Mary’s crown is given from a rare French print in Planche, p. 78.
9. Sp. Cal. XI, 261.
10. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign Series, of the Reign of Mary, 1553-1558, ed. William B. Turnbull (London, 1861), p. 18.
11. Sp, Cal. XI, 114.
12. Ibid., 241-42.
13. Ibid., 228.
14. Ibid., 431, 322,114.
15. Ibid., 294.
16. Ibid,, 165,
1. Tytler, II, 1365.
2. Sp. Cal. XI, 225.
3. Ibid., 222-23.
4. William H. Prescott, History of the Reign of Philip the Second, King of Spain, ed. John Foster Kirk, 3 vols. (Philadelphia, 1883), II, 54-57.
5. Sp. Cal. X, 5 and note.
6. Tytler, II, 245.
7. Sp. Cal. II, 131-32.
8. Ibid., 206.
9. Prescott, Philip The Second, pp. 1,85; Sp. Cal. XI, 177-78.
10. Sp. Cal. XI, 381.
11. Ibid., 391.
12. Ibid., 296-97.
13. Ibid., 228.
14. Ibid., 328.
1. Rene Aubert de Vertot, Ambassades de Messieurs de Noailles en Angle-terre, 5 vols. (Leyden, 1763), II, 342.
2. Tytler, II, 260.
3. Ibid., 263.
4. Vertot, II, 142-48.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 16, 30-31.
6. Documents Relating to the Revels at Court in the Time of King Edward VI and Queen Mary, ed. Albert Feuillerat (Louvain and London, 1914), p. 289; Jones, Tudor Commonwealth, pp. 21-22.
7. Sp. Cal. XI, 357.
8. Stone, p. 263 note; Sp. Cal. XI, 367.
9. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 41.
10. Ibid., 17.
11. Ibid., 48.
12. Sp. Cal. XI, 392.
13. John Strype, Ecclesiastical Memorials, 7 vols. (Oxford, 1816), IV, 87-88.
14. Sp. Cal. XI, 363-65.
15. Ibid., 372.
16. Ibid., 307.
1. Sp. Cal. XI, 300.
2. Ibid., 322—23.
3. Ibid., 292.
4. Clifford, p. 80.
5. Sp. Cal. XI, 393.
6. Ibid., 253.
7. Ibid., 252-53.
8. E. Harris Harbison, “French Intrigues at the Court of Queen Mary,” American Historical Review, XLV (April 1940), 5375.
9. Sp. Cal. XI, 388.
10. Ibid., XII, 5.
11. Ibid., XI, 403-7.
12. Ibid., XII, 28.
13. Wriothesley, II, 105.
14. Sp. Cal. XII, 17.
15. Ibid., XI, 439.
16. Ibid., XII, 54, 56.
17. An English Gamer, pp. 218-22.
18. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 39.
19. Sp. Cal. XII, 69.
20. Ven. Cal. V, 460; Sp. Cal. XII, 70.
21. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, ed. George Townsend and S. R. Cattley, 8 vols. (London, 1837-41), VI, 414.
1. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 43, 48.
2. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, pp. 1335.
3. Ibid., 133.
4. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 52.
5. Robert Fabyan, The New Chronicles of England and France (London, 1911), 714; Sp. Cal. XII, 85.
6. Machyn, pp. 55-57; E. Harris Harbison, Rival Ambassadors at the Court of Queen Mary (Princeton and London, 1940), p. 138 note; Martin A. S. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” EHR, VII (April 1892), 273.
7. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 57, 59-60.
8. Ibid., 57.
9. D. M. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies (Cambridge, 1965), p. 91.
10. Tytler, II, 330; Vertot, III, 130.
11. Tytler, II, 303-4.
12. Ibid., 39.
13. Ibid., 198ff., 233.
14. Ibid., 15.
15. Ibid., 277.
16. Ibid., 220, 258-59, 261.
17. Ibid., 242.
18. Ibid., 14.
1. Sp. Cal. XII, 185.
2. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 261.
3. Ibid., 262.
4. Ibid., 264-65.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 91.
6. Accounts of Philip’s journey to England and his first few days there are in Vertot, III, 184, “Jonn Elder’s Letter” in Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, pp. 136-40, and Sp. Cal, XIII, 7-9.
7. Prescott, Philip The Second, 1,105.
8. Sp.Cal. XIII, 2, 31.
9. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” pp. 269-70.
1. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 172.
2. Sp. Cal. XII, 45.
3. Ibid., XIII, 442.
4. Hume, “The Visit of Philip II,” p. 173.
5. Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 170 and note.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 11. Accounts of Philip and Mary’s wedding and the banquet that followed it are in Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, Appendix 10, pp. 141-44, Appendix 11, pp. 167—72, and Sp. Cal. XIII, lo—11.
7. Sp. Cal. Xin, 26.
8. Ibid., 28,26.
9. Ibid., 6,
10. Ibid., 16.
11. Ibid., 63, 45—46.
12. Ibid., 6.
13. Ibid., 2.
14. Ibid., 30-31.
15. Ibid., 4.
1. sp. Cai. xm, 49-50.
2. Ibid., 51.
3. Ibid., 52.
4. Ibid., 38, 47.
5. Ven. Cal. V, 108-9,382.
6. Chronicle of Queen Jane and of Two Years of Queen Mary, p. 159.
1. Luke 1:30.
2. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 582-84.
3. Ibid., 584.
4. Sp. Cal. XIII, 86.
5. Ibid., 78; Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 289 and note.
6. Documents Relating to the Revels, p. 292.
7. Sp. Cal. XIII, 119, 105.
8. Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 197-98.
9. Ven. Cal, V, 594.
10. Sp. Cal. XIII, 81.
11. Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, pp. 211-12.
12. Tytler, II, 455-56.
13. Ibid., 458.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 94.
15. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, IV, 403.
16. Sp. Cal. XI, 253.
17. Tytler, II, 377; Sp. Cal. XIII, 46.
18. Wriothesley, II, 113.
19. Fabyan, p. 715.
20. Sp. Cal. XIII, 23.
21. Wriothesley, II, 117; Machyn, p. 65.
22. Tytler, II, 340-41; Wriothesley, II, 117-18.
23. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 105.
24. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 647-48,658-59.
1. James Arthur Muller, Stephen Gardiner and the Tudor Reaction (New York, 1926), p. 268; Tytler, II, 366; Sp. Cal. XII, 200.
2. Sp. Cal. XIII, 64; Rex H. Pogson, “Reginald Pole and the Priorities of Government in Mary Tudor’s Church,” The Historical Journal, XVIII (March 1975), 10 and note.
3. D. M. Loades, “The Enforcement of Reaction, 1553—1558,” The Journal of Ecclesiastical Studies, XVI (April 1965), 58 note.
4. Sp. Cal. XIII, 95.
5. Ven. Cal. VI: iii, Appendix, 1647.
6. Bishop Burnet’s History of the Reformation of the Church of England, 6 vols. (London, 1820), IV, 354-55.
7. Loades, Two Tudor Conspiracies, p. 145 note.
8. Sp. Cal. XIII, 147.
9. Documents Relating to the Revels, pp. i66ff.
10. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 64; Wriothesley, II, 125.
11. Machyn, p. 78.
12. Ibid., p. 84.
13. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 32.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 166.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 37.
16. Ibid., 50-51; Wriothesley, II, 127.
17. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 45.
18. Ibid., 57.
19. Ibid., 58.
20. Ibid., 60-61; Machyn, p. 86; Tytler, II, 470; Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 165.
1. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VII, 126.
2. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 76-77.
3. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 87.
4. Vertot, IV, 341-44.
5. Ibid., 225-27.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 102.
7. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 1,060.
8. Ibid.
9. Chamberlin, p. 27.
10. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 72.
11. Vertot, IV, 341-43.
12. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 77.
13. Sp. Cal. XIII, 175.
14. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 77.
15. Ibid., 85; Machyn, p. 87; Wriothesley, II, 129.
16. Wriothesley, II, 128; Ven. Cal. VI:i, 85.
17. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 79.
18. Ibid., 80, 87.
19. Ibid., 148.
20. Ibid., 100.
21. Ibid., 84.
22. Sp. Cal. XIII, 207;Ven. Cal. VI: i, 112.
23. Sp. Cal. XIII, 222.
24. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 106.
25. Ibid., 93.
26. Ibid., 107, 99.
27. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 383, 390; Ven. Cal. VI:i, 162.
28. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 83.
29. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 173-74.
30. Ibid., pp. 172-73.
31. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 126.
32. Ibid., 126-27.
33. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, V, 120.
34. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 144.
35. S. R. Maitland, The Reformation in England (London and New York, 1906), p. 113; Burnet, V, 357.
36. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 120.
37. Stone, p. 351, citing Sloane MS 1,583, f. 15.
1. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 147-48.
2. Ibid., 229.
3. Stone, pp. 350-51, citing Sloane MS 1,583, f. 15.
4. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 180-81.
5. Ibid., 146, 162.
6. Ibid., 141.
7. Sp. Cal. XIII, 248.
8. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 174.
9. Ibid., 178-79.
10. Ibid., 173.
11. Ibid., 178.
12. Ibid., 177-80.
13. Ibid., 183, 186.
14. Sp. Cal. XIII, 238-39.
15. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, 1,69; Ven. Cal. VI: i, 174.
16. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 239; H. F. M. Prescott, A Spanish Tudor: The Life of “Bloody Mary” (New York and London, 1940), p. 458.
17. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 190, 205.
18. Ibid., 213.
19. Ibid., 218, 197.
20. Ibid., 218, 215.
21. Ibid., 199, 214.
22. Ibid., 245.
23. Maitland, p. 55.
24. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 212.
1. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 270.
2. Ibid., 303.
3. Ibid., 278.
4. Ibid., 281.
5. Ibid., 285.
6. Ibid., 294-97.
7. Ibid., 251.
8. Ibid., 356-57, 259.
9. Ibid., 411-12; Vertot, V, 342-43.
10. Wriothesley, II, 133; Machyn, p. 101.
11. Charles Read Baskervill, The Elizabethan Jig (Chicago, 1929), p. 44; Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 82; Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, 3 vols. (London, 1791), I, 212-13.
12. Shaaber, p. 202.
13. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 285.
14. Ibid., 222.
15. Ven. Cal. VI: i, 440.
16. Ibid., 377-78.
17. Madden, pp. 207-8.
18. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 398.
19. Ibid., 319.
20. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, pp. 205-4$.
21. Ibid., pp. 206-7.
22. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 374.
23. Ibid., 392.
24. Ibid., 410.
1. Stone, p. 356 note.
2. Clifford, p. 66.
3. Ibid., pp. 63-64.
4. Ibid., pp. 64-65.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 251.
6. Yen. Cal. VI:i, 434-37.
7. Prescott, A Spanish Tudor, p. 393. The biblical origin of this view that wives ought to see in their husbands an image of Christ is St, Paul’s admonition that husbands ought to love their wives as Christ loved his church.
8. Sp. Cal. XIII, 260.
9. Ven. Cal. VH 376.
10. Ibid., 399.
11. Ibid., 444.
12. Ibid., 402.
13. Tytler, II, 483-86.
14. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 507 note.
15. Ibid., 371.
16. Prescott, Philip The Second, pp. 137-38.
17. Ven. Cal. VT:i, 495, 510.
18. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, 77-78.
19. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 495.
20. Sp. Cal. XIII, 271.
21. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 558.
22. Ibid., 571.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., 578-79.
1. The Acts and Monuments of John Foxe, VI, 611, 618.
2. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 386.
3. Shaaber, p. 49.
4. Hughes, II, 299-300 and notes; Narratives of the Days of the Reformation, p. 295.
5. Ibid., 269—70.
6. These statistics are taken from the careful research of Hughes, II, 259 and note, who took them from Foxe. Of course, Foxe gave few particulars about most of the Marian victims whose deaths he recorded, and his purpose in writing was to discredit Mary and her policies. His vast compilation, while it illuminates the history of Mary’s reign, nevertheless obscures much. In the words of one modern commentator, Foxe’s volumes “lie like a mountain range between ourselves and the facts of the Marian persecution.”
7. Hughes, II, 275.
8. Ibid., 300.
9. Ven. Cal. VI:i, 363.
10. Machyn, pp. 101,403.
11. Ven. Cal. VI :i, 409.
12. Sp. Cal. XIII, 276.
13. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, V, 265.
14. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 231; Ven. Cal. VI: i, 620.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 1,061-63.
16. Ibid., 806,
17. Ibid., 748.
18. Ibid., 778.
19. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 278.
20. Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 868, 678-79.
21. Machyn, p. 124.
1. Sp. Cal. XIII, xix.
2. Ibid.; Ven. Cal. VI:ii, 968.
3. Ven. Cal. VI: ii, 1,053-59.
4. Ibid., 1,008.
5. Ibid., 1,154.
6. Quoted in Harbison, Rival Ambassadors, p. 319.
7. Ibid., pp. 322ft.
8. Ven. Cal. VLii, 1,095,1,208.
1. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 91.
2. Sp. Cal. XIII, 330.
3. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 235 and passim.
4. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,445.
5. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 373; Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,446.
6. Sp. Cal. XIII, 340-41.
7. Ibid., 367.
8. Ibid., 366.
9. Calendar of State Papers, Foreign, Reign of Mary, p. 157.
10. Sp. Cal. XIII, 376-77.
11. Hughes, II, 236-39.
12. Rex H. Pogson, “Revival and Reform in Mary Tudor’s Church: a Question of Money,” The Journal of Ecclesiastical History, XXV (July 1974), 249-65 passim.
13. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,482.
1. John Knox, The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, ed. Edward Arber (London, 1878), pp. u-12.
2. Madden, p. cxlv note.
3. Sp. Cal. XIII, 392-93.
4. Ibid., 392.
5. Acts of the Privy Council, New Series, VI, 122.
6. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, I, no.
7. Clifford, pp. 68-69.
8. Ven. Cal. VLiii, 1,544.
9. Sp. Cal. XIII, 398.
10. Ibid., 399, 400.
11. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,538.
12. Ibid., 1,549.
13. Strype, III, ii, 550.
14. Clifford, pp. 71-72.
15. Ven. Cal. VI:iii, 1,551, 1,556.
16. Machyn, p. 178.
17. Sp. Cal. XIII, 440.
18. Old English Ballads, ed. Hyder E. Rollins (Cambridge, 1920), pp. 23-24.