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Abate, Richard, xxi
ABC, 5
coverage of 9/11 attacks, 91–92
Abril, Roberto, 231, 293–94, 355–56, 410
Abruzzo, John, 301
ACARS messages, 66, 87, 119, 121–25, 149, 173, 174–75
Adams, Christian, 187
Adams, Paul, 230–31, 246, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 410, 421
post-9/11 life, 448
Afghanistan, 1, 2, 4, 5, 24, 25, 26, 58, 309, 384
war in, 427, 436, 437, 439, 442
AIM-9 missiles, 105–6, 172
Airfone calls, 60–61, 87, 158–68, 175, 235, 433
Air Force, U.S., 10, 291, 322, 395, 438
Air Force One, 147, 183
Airman’s Medal, 438
Air National Guard, 19–22, 182
air traffic controllers. See Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Akamai Technologies, 39
al-Ouds, Hamburg, 23, 24
al-Qaeda, xxi, 3–6, 24–30, 58, 102, 133, 137, 147, 174, 309, 391, 430, 435, 439
American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39
American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186
element of surprise, 111
killing of bin Laden and, 427–28, 434
planning of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174
United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85
United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75
See also hijackers
Aman, George, 313–14, 379–80
Ambrose, Dr. Paul, 100
American Airlines, 11, 32, 47, 60, 103, 124, 129, 141, 353
American Airlines Flight 11, xx, 9, 10, 12, 22, 31–48, 50–51, 81–83, 90, 107, 110, 118, 141, 143, 429, 435
calls from passengers and crew, 61–63, 67, 74–78
casualties, 79–80, 428
crew, 31–34, 44, 45
early media reports, 85–86, 94–96
hijackers, 39–43, 60–80, 110–11, 163, 235
hijackers enter cockpit, 75–76
hijacking of, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39
hits North Tower, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68
map of flight path, xvi
map of impact on North Tower, xiv
NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 118, 126–28, 186
NORDO, 45–48
passengers and boarding, 34–44
radio messages from hijackers, 47, 63–66, 68, 74, 78–79, 81–82, 93
security procedures and gaps, 39–44
stabbings, 61, 62, 67, 75–77
takeoff, 44–45
American Airlines Flight 77, 14, 94–108, 110, 150, 432, 437
calls from passengers and crew, 128–31
casualties, 145–46, 428, 437
crew, 101–2, 145
early media reports, 146
hijackers, 102–3, 110, 128–29, 132, 135, 144–45, 314, 316
hijacking of, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186
hits Pentagon, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16
map of flight path, xvi
NEADS response, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 186
passengers and boarding, 97–103, 145–46
security procedures and gaps, 102–3
takeoff, 103
American Express Tower, 352
Anderson, James, 137
Andreacchio, John “Jack,” 270, 329, 330, 450
Andrews Air Force Base, 136, 140, 183
Angell, David, 38
Angell, Lynn, 38
answering machine messages, 165, 295, 432
antiwar groups, 436
Aon Corporation, 233, 339, 340
Apostol, Faustino, 40–56, 459
Arabian Peninsula, 2
Arabic language, 43, 153–55, 169, 171, 173, 176–80, 396
Arestegui, Bobbi, 44, 45, 75
Arizona, 26
Arlington, USS, 439
Arlington County Fire Department, 380, 381
Arlington Hospital, 372
Arlington National Cemetery, 143–44, 311, 313, 379, 380, 441
Armstead, Ernest, 263–64
Army, U.S., 2, 212, 213, 322
Arnold, Larry, 72–73, 184
Ashcroft, John, 130
Associated Press, 139
Atlantic Fleet, 439
Atta, Mohamed, 22–30, 39–42, 44, 58, 88, 97, 110, 111, 117, 118, 134, 157, 179
hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, 45–48, 63–65, 75–79, 82, 93, 235, 249
instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 117
as leader of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174
security procedures and boarding, 39–44
Atta, Mohamed (father of hijacker), 23
Austin J. Tobin Plaza, 263, 334
awards for 9/11 heroism, 438, 441
Babakitis, Arlene, 253, 293, 294, 305, 353, 354, 401, 453
Bacon, Bob, 411, 415
Bailey, Garnet “Ace,” 52, 87, 92, 275
Bailey, Kathy, 87
Ballinger, Ed, 122–25, 149, 174–75, 185
Bangladesh, 1
Banihammad, Fayez, 58
Barbuto, Christine, 37
Barksdale Air Force Base, 183
Barnes, Vanessa, 280–83
Barnik, Mark, 150–51
Barrett, Kevin, 294, 356, 410
Basmala, 153
Bavis, Mark, 52, 92
Bay, Lorraine, 115, 187
Bayonne, New Jersey, 447
Beamer, Lisa, 113, 164–65
Beamer, Todd, 113, 163–65, 171, 175–76, 187, 384, 395
Beaven, Alan, Anthony, 187
Beekman Downtown Hospital, 422
Beilke, Max, 312, 313, 321, 442
Beirut, 24
Bennett, Bryan Craig, 455
Bennett, Donald, 43
Berenson, Berry, 35
Betru, Dr. Yeneneh, 100, 145–46
Beyea, Ed, 361
Bible, 396
Biggio, Terry, 93
Bingham, Mark, 112–13, 160–61, 187
bin Laden, Osama, 1–6, 24, 133, 147, 174, 189, 309, 343, 430
fatwa of, 1–6, 25, 110
killing of, 427–28, 434, 442
9/11 attacks planned by, 25–27, 110, 174
pre-9/11 terrorist attacks by, 2–6
U.S. failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 3–6
Birdwell, Brian, 379
Bobbitt, Dave, 303, 304
Bodley, Deora, 114, 187
body parts. See human remains
Boeing jets, 29, 43
Boeing 707, 221
Boeing 757, 97, 144–45, 180, 315, 392
Boeing 767, 11, 33–34, 43, 50, 60, 78, 95, 97, 147, 235
Bolourchi, Touri, 52, 92–93, 275
Booker Elementary School, Sarasota, Florida, 138, 139, 147, 383
Bosnia, 26
Boston, xx, 9, 12, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 39, 42, 47, 111, 170, 420, 430
evacuations, 170
Boston Center, 46–48, 50, 60, 63–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 82, 93, 95, 104, 108, 142, 172
Boston Globe, xx
“Six Lives,” xx–xxi, xxiii
Boston Harbor, 32, 45
Boston Medical Center, 434
Boston University, xx–xxi, 13, 52, 55–56, 434
Bottiglia, Dave, 82–84
box cutters, 41, 130
Bradshaw, Phil, 115, 167, 187
Bradshaw, Sandra, 115, 159, 167, 187, 384, 395
Brandhorst, Daniel, 51, 275
Brandhorst, David Gamboa, 51, 92, 275
Britton, Marion, 114, 166, 187
Broad Street, 344
Broadway, xviii, 251, 343, 402
Brooklyn, 301, 402
Brooklyn Bridge, 344
Brown, Bernard, Sr., 97, 98, 145
Brown, Bernard C. II, 97–98, 145, 314
Brown, Patrick “Paddy,” 264, 406, 459
Brown, Tim, 290
Bucca, Ronald, 336–38, 339, 342
Buddhism, 54
Bueno, Dan, 69, 70
Burke, William “Billy,” Jr., 350, 359, 360, 361, 459
Burlingame, Chares “Chic,” 101, 107, 145, 437–38
Burlingame, Debra, 437–38
Burnett, Deena, 112, 158–59, 163, 165
Burnett, Thomas E., 112, 158–59, 163, 165, 187
Burns, Donald, 290, 335, 342
Bush, George H. W., 115
Bush, George W., 15, 106, 136
addresses nation about 9/11, 139–40, 188–89, 383
response to 9/11 attacks, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 393, 421, 427, 443
Bush, Laura, 443
Butler, Billy, 248, 255, 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 461
Cairo, 23, 74
Cairo University, 23
Camaj, Roko, 332, 339, 343
cameramen, 357–58
Campbell, Tara, 121–22
Canada, 19, 21, 147, 181
Canal Street, 248, 250, 458
evacuation below, 413–14
cancer, 428
Cantor Fitzgerald, 257, 455
Capitol, U.S., 143, 174, 213
evacuation of, 170
as target of planes, 174, 178, 183, 188
Card, Andy, 138, 139
Carden, Martha, 312, 320, 321, 364, 365, 368, 373, 441
Carlos R. Lillo Park, 454
Carlton, Paul, Jr., 322, 366–67, 371, 438
Carr Futures, 257
Carson, Patty, 129
Casey, Mike, 37
Casey, Neilie Anne Heffernan, 36–37
Casey, Riley, 37
Cashman, William, 114, 187
casualties, 9/11, 189, 277, 428–29
American Airlines Flight 11, 79–80, 428
American Airlines Flight 77, 145–46, 428, 437
DNA proof, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456
fallers and jumpers, see fallers and jumpers
FDNY, 333–34, 342–43, 428, 452–54, 457–60
identification of, 279, 397, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456
list of names, 463–98
of 9/11-related illnesses, 428
North Tower, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428
NYPD, 342–43, 428, 459
Pentagon, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42
physical tokens of, 432–33, 437, 457
post-9/11 lives of families, 427–61
South Tower, 277, 333, 337, 341–43, 360, 428, 450–51
toll from ground, 277, 428
toll from planes, 189, 428
United Airlines Flight 93, 187–88, 392–97, 428, 444
United Airlines Flight 175, 92–93, 275, 428
Caswell, William, 100, 145
Catholicism, 348, 377
CBS, 258
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 5, 27, 133, 428, 440
chaplains, 143–44
FDNY, 359
Pentagon, 143–44, 376–77
Charlebois, David, 101, 107
Chechnya, 24, 26
Chelsea Piers, 410, 421
Cheney, Dick, 136
response to 9/11 attacks, 136, 139, 147, 155, 183–86
shootdown order, 183–86
Cherry, Doug, 341
Chicago, 87, 119, 122, 170, 225
evacuations, 170
Chinatown, 198, 199, 242, 248, 458
Chopra, Deepak, 38, 195
Chung, Wai-ching, 232–33, 261, 455
Church Street, 276, 293, 347, 353, 354, 356, 358, 401
Ciccolello, Joanne, 241
City Hall, 402
Clark, Brian, 204–6, 266–69, 271, 275, 278–79, 280, 284–87, 329, 330–35, 337, 338–39, 343–45
post-9/11 life, 449–51
Clark, Dianne, 205, 268, 331, 449
Clark, Sarah, 98
Cleveland, Grover, xvii, 188
Cleveland Center, 108, 125, 150–52, 156, 170, 171, 181
Clifford, Brigid, 194–95, 226, 352, 419, 455, 456, 457
Clifford, Monica, 194, 195, 226, 352, 456, 457
Clifford, Ron, 118–19, 155, 193–95, 219–20, 226–27, 231–34, 244–46, 361, 291–93, 348–49, 352–53, 418–20, 422, 454–57
post-9/11 life, 454–57
Clinton, Bill, 2, 16, 213
Clinton, Hillary, 15, 16
CNN, 85–86, 352
coverage of 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 95–96, 132, 139, 146, 162, 309, 409
cockpit doors, one key entry to, 76
code words, hijacking, 104, 123, 156
Cold War, 21, 308
Cole, USS, bombing of, 3, 27, 213
Coll, Robert “Bobby,” 269, 275, 278, 284, 330, 450
Coll, Steve, Ghost Wars, xxii
Collman, Jeffrey, 45, 77
Combat Air Patrol (CAP), 106
Common Strategy, 74–75
Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), 40, 102, 116
Concourse, 225, 335, 346, 353, 354–55
Congress, U.S., 15, 115, 170, 186, 323
evacuation of, 170
Coniglio, Jeff, 411, 415
conservatism, 16
Cooper, Joseph, 69, 70
coroners, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 431, 444, 456
Correa, Victor, 365
Corrigan, Georgine Rose, 187
Cosgrove, Kevin, 339–41, 343
Cottom, Asia, 98
Coughenour, Jeremy, 386
Counterterrorism Center, 3
Couric, Katie, 383
Creamer, Colin, 36, 429, 430–31, 432
Creamer, Gerry, 429, 430
Creamer, John, 35, 36, 79, 429–32
post-9/11 life, 429–32
Creamer, Julie, 430, 431
Creamer, Nora, 36, 429, 430, 431, 432
Creamer, Tara, 35–36, 79, 429–32
Crowther, Welles, xxi, 342. See also man in the red bandana
Crusades, 1
Cruz-Santiago, Juan, 377, 438
C-SPAN, 14, 16
Cushing, Patricia, 187
Custer, Keith, 389
D’Agostino, Sal, 248, 255, 290, 291, 400, 406, 410, 412, 415, 416, 460, 461
Dahl, Jason, 116, 118, 120–25, 149–51, 157, 169, 174, 187
Dahl, Matt, 116
Dahl, Sandy, 116
Dahler, Don, 91, 92
Daniels, Kay, 138, 139
Dar es Salaam, 2, 4
Dateline, 459
Debeuneure, James, 98
deChatelet, Ted, 200, 201
Defense Department, U.S., 68, 100, 157, 308, 439
Defense of Freedom Medal, 441
Delgado, Manuel, 356
Delta Air Lines, 83, 147
Delta Flight 1989, 147, 150, 172, 181
DeLuca, Joseph, 114, 167, 188
De Martini, Frank, 253–54, 295, 296, 297
De Martini, Nicole, 254, 296, 297
Demczur, Jan, 303
dental records, 396, 444
Department of Homeland Security, 440
Devery, Jim, 337
Diaz, Ericka, 230, 293, 357, 421
Diaz, Moussa “Moose,” 203, 229–31, 235, 247, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 409–10, 321, 448
post-9/11 life, 448
Dickens, Rodney, 98
DiFrancesco, Ron, 284, 285, 450
Dillard, Eddie, 100, 129, 146
Dillard, Rosemary, 129, 146
DNA proof of victims, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456
dogs, bomb-sniffing, 263, 411, 415, 459
Doi, Melissa, 280–83, 343
Dolan, Lisa, 439
Dolan, Robert, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 374, 439, 440
Domestic Events Network, 186
Dooley, Maureen “Mo,” 96, 127, 172
door restrictors, 398, 399
Driscoll, Patrick “Joe,” 114, 187
drivers’ licenses, 395
Droz, Charles, 100–101
Duch, Elaine, 195–97, 227, 232, 234, 239–41, 253–55, 295–99, 301, 346–48, 356, 400, 447
post-9/11 life, 447–48
Duch, Janet, 195, 196, 197, 227, 234, 241, 348, 447, 448
Duch, Maryann, 447
Duffy, Timothy, 71, 72, 103, 106, 291
Dulles International Airport, 94, 97, 102–3, 106, 111, 117, 126, 128, 129, 135–36, 141
Dunn, Mona, 273
Dunn, Vincent, 250, 261
dust cloud, after tower collapse, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9
Dwyer (Jim) and Flynn (Kevin), 102 Minutes, xxiii
East River, 300
Edward, John, Crossing Over, 89, 302
Efthimiades, James, 411, 415
Egan, Cardinal Edward, 460
Egypt, 1, 23, 74, 226
Eiffel Tower, 226
El Al, 74
elevators, 208, 222–23, 235
door restrictors, 398, 399
North Tower, 236–37, 238, 247–48, 259, 295, 296, 302–4, 350–52, 398–99, 408, 409, 413
South Tower, 268, 273, 276, 277, 337–38
trapped survivors and escapes, 302–4, 337–38, 350–52, 398–99
Emery, Ed, 273–74, 287, 288, 451
Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield, 361
Empire State Building, 170, 226, 335
1945 plane crash, 86, 221, 239
EMTs, 229–31, 247, 293–94, 333, 347–49, 356–59, 401, 409–10, 421, 448
Battalion 49, 401, 410, 421
post-9/11, 448
See also specific EMTs
ESPN, 258
Euro Brokers, 204, 205, 206, 266, 268, 278, 279, 284, 330, 450, 451
evacuees, 347
burn victims, 239–41, 245–46, 255, 277, 291–92, 298, 301, 305, 316, 337, 346–48, 352, 365, 368, 373, 376–77, 420, 422–23, 438, 443, 447, 450, 455
ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416
handicapped, 299–301, 361, 400–407, 411–18
North Tower, 255, 257, 260–61, 294–306, 346–61, 398–418
Pentagon, 316–28, 363–82
South Tower, 266–74, 277–88, 329–45
status shift to terrorism survivors, 347
See also specific evacuees
Falco, Tommy, 198, 248, 255, 290, 300, 400, 410, 413, 414, 416, 461
Falkenberg, Charles, 99, 145, 437
Falkenberg, Dana, 99, 145, 437
Falkenberg, Zoe, 99, 145, 437
fallers and jumpers, xx, 155
Falling Man, xx
fall survived by, 263–64
North Tower, xx, 251, 260–64, 268, 292, 294, 349, 352, 374
Pentagon, 318
South Tower, 333, 338, 451
families, 9/11, 79–80, 92–93, 145–46, 237, 395–96, 427–61
of American Airlines Flight 11 victims, 79–80
of American Airlines Flight 77 victims, 145–46
media and, 434, 436, 445, 447, 449, 453, 455, 459–60
notification of loved ones, 428–29
post-9/11 lives of, 427–61
remains of loved ones, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456
suicides, 433
of United Airlines Flight 93 victims, 395–96
of United Airlines Flight 175 victims, 92–93
See also specific families and locations of attacks
Fangman, Robert, 53, 87, 93, 123
Farley-Hackel, Paige, 38, 51, 419, 420, 457
Farmer, John, The Ground Truth, xxiii
FDNY, 197–99, 202, 342, 446
casualties, 333–34, 342–43, 428, 452–54, 457–60
chaplain, 359
command structure, 290
communication failures, 259–65, 306, 359–61, 405
EMTs, 229–31, 247, 293–94, 333, 347–49, 356–59, 401, 409–10, 421, 448
Engine 4, 458
Engine 6, 242
Engine 9, 243
Engine 21, 350
Engine 33, 257
evacuation message after South Tower collapse, 359–61, 404–6, 457
gear, 243, 255, 299, 336, 400, 406
Hazmat team, 244
high-rise fire calculation, 250–51
Ladder Company 3, 264
Ladder Company 5, 406, 412
Ladder Company 6, 198–99, 228, 234, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 300–301, 306, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–418, 457–61
Ladder Company 11, 199, 414, 459
Ladder Company 15, 336–38
Ladder Company 43, 415, 416
9/11-related illnesses, 428, 448, 460
North Tower response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–94, 298–301, 306, 335, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423
paramedics, 202–4, 231, 246, 255, 293–94, 346, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 417, 452–54, 459
post-9/11, 448, 452–54, 457–61
radio calls, 249, 259–60, 262, 306, 336, 337–38, 359–61, 406, 412, 413, 414, 417, 458
Rescue Company 1, 256, 290
Rescue Company 3, 406
rivalry with NYPD, 260
South Tower response, 290, 330, 333–41
Squad 18, 249, 350
stairway access, 259, 264, 299–301, 306, 349, 405–18
Stairwell B survivors, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61
See also specific firemen
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 37, 40, 123, 443
American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking and, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39
American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking and, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186
Boston Center, 46–48, 50, 60, 63–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 82, 93, 95, 104, 108, 142, 172
calls for military help, 68–69
Cleveland Center, 108, 125, 150–52, 156, 170, 171, 181
cockpit safety notice, 104
confusion and failed communications, 119–27, 131–35, 141, 142, 156–57, 181–86, 443
Domestic Events Network, 186
ground stop, 103–4, 123, 134–35, 136, 148, 174, 183, 185–86
Indianapolis Center, 106–8, 131, 133–34
New York Center, 81–84, 86, 90–91, 103–4, 108
no-fly list, 132
post-9/11, 443–44
security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16
United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking and, 149–89, 384–85
United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking and, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75
Washington Center, 106, 141–42, 182–83
See also specific air traffic controllers
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), xxi, 25, 27, 86, 133, 135, 139, 343, 358, 386, 393, 395, 397, 428, 430, 444
failure to identify terrorists, 27
Federal Register, 42
Feehan, William, 458
Felt, Edward, 114, 167, 188, 385
Fern, Richard, 450
ferries, 352–53, 414
ferry terminal, 352
Fiduciary Trust Company, 207–8, 274, 287, 452
fighter jets, 20–21, 68, 69, 71–73, 80, 95, 96, 103–6, 111, 118, 128, 136–37, 142–43, 146–47, 156, 172–73, 181–86, 189, 291, 381, 421
F-15, 21, 71–73, 80, 95, 96, 103–6, 118, 249, 291
F-16, 21, 69, 104–6, 128, 136–37, 142–43, 146–47, 156, 172–73, 381
Filipov, Alexander, 35
Financial District, 219, 220, 231, 251
fingerprints, 279, 444, 451
fireboats, 359
Fire Department of the City of New York. See FDNY
fireproofing, World Trade Center, 223–24, 226, 238, 276
first responders. See EMTs; FDNY; NYPD; paramedics; Port Authority Police; specific responders
Fiumano, Fred, 166
Five World Trade Center, 258, 346, 353, 355
Flagg, Darlene “Dee,” 99–100, 145
Flagg, Wilson “Bud,” 99–100, 145, 314
Fleischer, Ari, 139
Flick, Merle, 389
Flight 93 Ambassadors program, 445
flight paths, map of, xvi
flight schools, 25, 26, 27, 58, 104, 133, 151, 171
Flocco, Matthew, 436
Flocco, Michael, 436
Florida, 15, 17, 28, 137–39, 383
Booker Elementary School, 138, 139, 147, 383
flight schools, 26, 171
Folger, Jane C., 188
Foodim, Anne, 273
Foreign Affairs, 5
Four World Trade Center, 335
Fox, James, 72, 184
Fraser, Colleen, 115, 188
Fred Alger Management, 257
Fredericks, Andrew, 350, 361, 459
Freedom Tower, xviii–xix, 431
Freund, Pete, 199, 256, 459
Friedenreich, Harry, 208
Frontline, 5
Fuji Bank, 206, 267, 270–71, 274, 280, 329
Fuller, Mahlon, 170
funeral homes, 386
Gabriel, Richard, 101
Gaeta, Gerry, 254, 296–99, 301, 346, 400
Gamboa, Ronald, 51, 275
Ganci, Peter, Jr., 256, 458
Gander, Newfoundland, 186
Garcia, Andrew “Sonny,” 115, 167, 187, 395
Garcia, Dorothy, 167, 395
Garment District, 335
Gentul, Alayne, 206–8, 273–74, 275, 287–88, 343, 451–52
Gentul, Alex, 207, 208, 452
Gentul, Jack, 206, 207, 208, 273, 287–88, 343
post-9/11 life, 451–52
Gentul, Robbie, 207, 208, 452
George, Linda, 37
Geraghty, Ed, 336, 342
Germany, 23–24
Ghamdi, Ahmed al-, 58–59
Ghamdi, Hamza al-, 58–59
Ghamdi, Saeed al-, 117, 151, 152, 169, 173, 176–80
Gibson, Charles, 91–92
Giuliani, Rudy, 201, 244, 256, 460
response to 9/11 attacks, 244, 413
Glen Ridge, New Jersey, 418
Glessner, Donna, 387, 445, 446
Glick, Emerson, 113
Glick, Jeremy, 113, 161–63, 175, 187, 384
Glick, Lyz, 113, 161–63, 175
Gofer 06, 140–41, 142, 180–81
Golinski, Ronald, 437
Gomez, Manny, Jr., 271, 329, 450
Gonzalez, Nydia, 61–63, 75–78
Good Morning America, 91
Goodwin, James, 119
Gordenstein, Lisa Fenn, 37
Gore, Al, 132
Gould, Kristin Osterholm White, 188
Grandcolas, Jack, 165
Grandcolas, Lauren, 115, 165, 188
Grant, Regina, 312, 326, 327, 363–65, 367, 369, 370, 373, 441
Greater Pittsburgh International Airport, 170, 394
Green, Wanda, 115–16, 152, 188
Greene, Donald, 115, 187
Greenwich Street, 338
Greenwich Village, 249
Grogan, Reverend Francis, 52, 93, 275
Gronlund, Linda, 114, 165, 188
Ground Zero, xviii, 438, 456
illnesses related to, 428, 448, 460
memorial, 431, 433
Grunewald, Robert, 312, 313, 321, 364, 365, 368, 373, 441
Guadagno, Richard, 115, 187, 395
Guantanamo Bay, 428, 434, 439
Gulf War (1990–91), 19, 56, 214, 377, 378
guns, 40
Hackel, Allan, 38, 419, 420, 457
Hall, Vaswald George, 239, 240, 448
Hamburg, Germany, 23–24, 25
Hamilton, Alexander, 339
handicapped evacuees, 299, 300–301, 361, 400–407, 411–18
Hanjour, Hani, 26, 27, 28, 103, 135, 144–45, 314
Hanson, Christine, 13–14, 49, 52, 84, 92, 93, 275, 433–35
Hanson, Eunice, 13, 14, 49–50, 52, 84–85, 91, 92, 93, 275
post-9/11 life of, 433–35
Hanson, Lee, 13, 14, 49–50, 51, 84–85, 89–91, 92, 93, 275
post-9/11 life of, 433–35
Hanson, Peter, 12–14, 49–50, 52, 84–85, 87, 89–90, 91, 93, 275, 433–35
Hanson, Sue Kim, 12–14, 49–50, 52, 84, 93, 275, 433–35
Happy Hooligans, 105
Haring, Tom, 414
Harris, Josephine, 400–401, 403–7, 411–18, 457–61
death of, 460
post-9/11 life, 457–60
Hartling, John, 73
Hatton, Terry, 256, 290, 459
Hayden, Peter, 256–57, 259, 290, 300, 359, 418
Hayden, Ray, 242, 243
Hayes, Timothy, 264–65
Hazmi, Nawaf al-, 26–27, 102, 103, 132
Hazmi, Salem al-, 102, 103
Haznawi, Ahmed al-, 116, 117, 163
heart attacks, 356, 359
Heidenberger, Michele, 101
Heidenberger, Thomas, 101
Henanway, Ronald, 437
Henson, Jerry, 215, 309–11, 319–20, 324–25, 327, 362–63, 365–67, 370–72, 374, 381, 440–41
post-9/11 life, 440–41
rescued by Dave Tarantino, 370–72, 438, 441
Henson, Kathy, 310–11, 441
Henson, Kelly, 441
Heymann, Esther, 166, 187
hijackers, 25–30, 58–59, 110–12, 428
of American Airlines Flight 11, 39–43, 60–80, 110–11, 163, 235
of American Airlines Flight 77, 102–3, 110, 128–29, 132, 135, 144–45, 314, 316
day before 9/11, 25–30
element of surprise, 111
flight training, 25, 26, 27, 58, 104, 133, 151, 171, 396
human remains of, 396–97, 444
“Last Night” instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395
martyrdom, 29–30, 110
methods and timing, 111
multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443
planning of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174
of United Airlines Flight 93, 116–18, 149–68, 169–89, 385, 392, 395, 396–97, 444, 445
of United Airlines Flight 175, 58–59, 83–91, 110–11, 274–75
See also specific hijackers
hijacking, 19, 40
code words, 104, 123, 156
flight crew training for, 74–75
“traditional” approach, 66, 71, 73, 75, 108, 111, 130–31
See also specific hijackings
Hindenburg, 1937 crash of, 92
Hoboken, New Jersey, 226, 353, 413
Hoey, Pat, 253, 299–300, 405
Hoglan, Alice, 160–61
Holland, Cora Hidalgo, 34–35, 79
Homer, LeRoy, Jr., 116, 118, 120–22, 124, 125, 149–51, 157, 169, 174, 188, 395
Homer, Melodie, 120–22, 124, 125, 395
Hoover, Barry, 394, 396
Horrocks, Michael, 50–51, 73–74, 87, 92, 123
House of Representatives, U.S., 170
Howell, Tom, 136
Howland, Lynn, 42
Hudson River, 27, 65, 80, 197, 223, 225, 226, 232, 270, 278, 359, 400, 408, 413
human remains, 256, 279, 294, 318, 358, 394
DNA identification of, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456
of hijackers, 396–97, 444
Pentagon, 316, 318, 323, 380, 437, 439
post-9/11 families and, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456
Shanksville, 392, 393–94, 396–97, 444
Huxtable, Ada Louise, 221
ID badges, 395, 449
illnesses, 9/11-related, 428, 448, 460
immigration, 11, 118, 204, 332
Indianapolis Center, 106–8, 131, 133–34
instruction letter, of hijackers, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395
Iran, 92
Iraq, 19, 56
Iraq War, 2, 53, 116, 427, 439
Ireland, 454, 456
Islam, 23, 153, 171, 438
Israel, 2, 24, 74, 137
Jack, Bryan, 100, 145
Jarrah, Ziad, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28–29, 41, 58, 117, 151–57, 161, 169–72, 174, 176–80, 395, 445
Jefferson, Lisa, 164, 175–76
Jersey City, 197, 234
Jerusalem, 2
Jet A fuel, 33–34
JFK International Airport, 75, 96, 121, 185, 456
jihad, xxii, 24
Johnson, Dennis, 325
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 381
Joint Task Force Guantanamo, 439
Jonas, Jay, 197–99, 228, 234, 248–51, 255–64, 289–91, 300–301, 306, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–418, 457–61
post-9/11 life, 457–61
as Stairwell B survivor, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61
Jonas, Judy, 197, 250, 458
Jones, Bob, 65
Jordan, 74
Judaism, 24, 361, 456
Judge, Father Mychal, xxi, 244, 359
jumpers. See fallers and jumpers
Justice Department, U.S., 130
Kalahasti, Prasanna, 433
Kaplan, Robin, 37
Kara, Miles, xxiii
Kawauchi, Hideya, 271, 450
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, 333
Kelly, Robert, 389
Kelty, Eugene “Jack,” 242
Kenya, American embassy bombing in, 2, 4
Keyton, Lori, 130
Khobar Towers, 1996 bombing of, 4
Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 52, 92–93
King, Amy, 52, 93, 275
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 436
King, Rick, 217, 388–89, 391, 392, 393, 394
King Kong (film), 225–26
Knisley, Toni, 129
knives, used by hijackers, 26, 29, 40, 41, 58, 59, 75–77, 89–90, 102, 110–11, 130, 152, 163, 395
Knoblauch, Karl, 379
Komorowski, Matt, 248, 252, 255, 407, 408, 410, 411, 413, 461
Kopytko, Scott, 199, 228, 336, 342, 459
Kross, Mickey, 411, 415
Kuge, Toshiya, 114, 187
Kuwait, 19
Kyte, Angela, 200, 228, 229, 235, 399, 449
Langley Air Force Base, 21, 104, 105, 136, 137, 143, 146, 156, 172, 182, 184, 185
Larsen, Scott, 342
“The Last Night” instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395
last rites, 348, 377
Leavey, Joe, 337, 342
Lebanon, 24, 116, 117
LeBlanc, Andrea, 53–55, 92
post-9/11 life, 435–36
LeBlanc, Robert, 53–55, 92, 275, 435–36
Lee, Daniel, 34, 79
Lee, Dong Chul, 101
Lemay, Dorry, 429
LeRoy, Lauren, 116
LeRoy, Melodie, 116
“Let’s Roll” counterattack, 175–80, 187–88, 384, 392, 444, 445
LeValley, David, 428
Levin, Alisha, 271, 450
Lewin, Daniel, 38–39, 43, 76, 77, 79, 111, 163
Lewis, Bernard, 5–6
Lewis, Charles, 311, 319, 320, 325, 327, 362
Lewis, Jennifer, 101–2
Lewis, Ken, 101–2
Liberty Street, 281, 292, 335, 338, 418
Lillis, Christian, 449
Lillo, Carlos, 201–4, 229, 231, 234, 247, 252, 293–94, 304, 305, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 410, 421, 452–54
Lillo, Cecilia, 201–4, 229, 231, 235, 247, 252–53, 294, 299, 304–5, 353–55, 401–3, 452–54, 459
post-9/11 life, 452–54
Lillo, Sandra, 203
Lim, David, 263, 411, 415, 417, 459
Lim, Diane, 415
Lin, Carol, 85–86
lock release order, 306
Logan International Airport, xx, 9, 31–34, 39–40, 42–45, 55, 63, 65, 67, 111, 117, 420
Lohr, Rick, 391
London, 1, 74, 118
Long, Steven, 325
Lord’s Prayer, 164, 291, 454
Los Angeles, 10, 11, 12, 34, 35, 50, 52, 58, 59, 94, 97, 185
Low, Sara, 45, 67, 77
Lower Manhattan, evacuation of, 413–14
Lower Manhattan, map of, xiii
Lyles, CeeCee, 16–18, 109–10, 115, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 384, 395, 432
Lyles, Lorne, 17–18, 109–10, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 432
Lynch, James T., 437
Mace, 29, 43, 75, 89, 130
MacKay, Doug, 27, 79
MacKay, Susan, 37, 79–80
Maffeo, Andrea, 301–2, 420–21, 422–23, 455
Maffeo, Frances, 302, 420, 423, 455
Maffeo, Jennieann, 232, 246, 261, 291–92, 301–2, 348–49, 352, 420, 422–23, 454–57
death of, 455–56
Maffeo, Sam, 455
Maggett, Steve, 258
Maher, Bill, 16, 94
Makely, JoAnne, 161–62
man in the red bandana, xxi, 277, 330, 337, 342
Marchand, Alfred, 52–53, 93
Marcin, Hilda, 114, 188
Marine Corps, U.S., 322, 438, 439
Marino, Kenneth, 256, 459
Marquis, Craig, 62
Marr, Robert, 71, 72, 73, 94, 96, 105, 128, 184
Marrero, José, 330, 451
Marriott World Trade Center, 219, 225, 232, 233, 246–48, 291–93, 420, 454, 456
Marsh & McLennan, 200, 228, 257, 399, 409, 449
Martin, Karen, 44, 45, 75
Martinez, Robert Gabriel, 338, 342
Martinez, Waleska, 114, 166, 188
Maude, Timothy, 311, 312, 313, 442
Maxfield, Betty, 312, 368, 369, 373, 441
May, Nancy, 128–29
May, Renée, 101, 128–29, 131, 146, 314
May, Ron, 128–29
McCourt, David, 194, 419, 455, 456–57
McCourt, Juliana, 51, 92, 194, 195, 275, 419, 420, 454–57
McCourt, Ruth Clifford, 38, 51, 194–95, 275, 348, 418–20, 454–57
McDermott, Terry, Perfect Soldiers, xxii
McGinn, William “Billy,” 199, 249, 459
McGlynn, Jim, 411, 413, 415
McGovern, William, 405
McGraw, Father Stephen, 143–44, 376–77, 438
McGuinness, Thomas, Jr., 34, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76
McKinnon, William, 379
McNair, Philip, 312, 313, 321, 368, 369, 370, 373, 441
media, 4–6, 186
cameramen, 357–58
early reports on 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409
failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 4–6
9/11 families and, 434, 436, 445, 447, 449, 453, 455, 459–60
on Pentagon, 381
on South Tower collapse, 341
See also specific publications and networks; television
Meldrum, Mike, 248, 250, 251, 252, 255, 291, 410, 411, 415, 461
Melendez-Perez, José E., 118
memorials, 9/11, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446
Mexico, 55
Meyers, Daniel, 386
Miami, 17
Mihdhar, Khalid al-, 26–27, 102, 103, 132
Miklaszewski, Jim, 383
Millennium Hotel, 347, 358, 401
Miller, John, 5
Miller, Nicole Carol, 188
Miller, Wally, 217–18, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 397, 344
post-9/11 life, 444–45
Miller, Wilbur, 389, 390, 393
Miller, Wilma, 390
Miller Funeral Home, 390
Minter, Vanessa, 61, 62
missiles, 2, 105–6, 132, 172
“Missing” posters, 421, 428
Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 25, 26, 27, 427–28
capture and torture of, 427–28
Mojica, Dennis, 256, 459
Moncherry, Alwish, 410
Monroe, New York, 448
Moqed, Majed, 102, 103
Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co., 224, 272–73, 336, 342
Morrell, Mike, 137
Morris, Odessa, 312, 442
Morrone, Fred, 304–5, 459
Morse code, 351
Motorola radios, 259
Moussaoui, Zacarias, xxi, 133, 435
trial of, 435, 457
movies, 225–26
Mueller, Robert, 139
Muhammad, Prophet, 1
Mulligan, Peter, 90
multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443
Murray, Ray, 258–59
Murray Street, 276
Murtagh, Sean, 85–86
Muslim Brotherhood, 23
Muslims, 1–2, 23–30, 54, 153, 171, 427, 438
Nacke, Louis “Joey” II, 113–14, 187, 396
Nairobi, American embassy bombing in, 2
names of 9/11 victims, list, of, 463–98
Nami, Ahmed al-, 117
Napoleon Bonaparte, 1
Nash, Daniel, 71, 72, 103, 106, 291
Nasypany, Dana, 19, 22
Nasypany, Kevin, 19–22, 69–72, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–43, 146–47, 155–56, 172–73, 181–85, 442
post-9/11 life, 443–44
National Geographic Society, 98
National Military Command Center, 68
National Park Service, 445, 446
National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York, 431, 433, 438, 449, 450, 463
list of names, 463–98
Reflection Room, 431
Navy, U.S., 56, 210, 214, 215, 309, 310, 322, 323, 381, 438, 439
Navy and Marine Corps Medal for Heroism, 438
Navy SEALs, U.S., 427, 434
NBC, 258, 383, 459
coverage of 9/11 attacks, 383
Nevins, Gerry, 256, 289, 459
Newark, New Jersey, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30, 109, 116
Newark International Airport, 16, 18, 109–10, 116–18, 174
Newsweek magazine, 453
New York, USS, 439
New York Center, 81–84, 86, 90–91, 103–4, 108
New York City, 65, 68, 74, 78, 79, 85, 88
ban on flights, 103–4, 123, 185
Building Code, 223–24
construction of World Trade Center, 220–25
evacuations, 170, 413–14
Islamic cultural center proposal at Ground Zero, 438
Lower Manhattan evacuation order, 413–14
medical examiner’s office, 431, 433, 456
“Missing” posters, 421, 428
9/11 attacks, see North Tower; South Tower
9/11 memorials, 431, 433
post-9/11, 428, 431, 438
See also specific buildings and streets
New York Fire Patrol, 459
New York Giants, xviii–xix
New York Harbor, xvii, 232, 274
New York Housing Authority, 219
New York Police Department. See NYPD
New York Post, 198
New York State Department of Taxation, 277
New York Stock Exchange, 206, 344, 345
New York Times, xvii, xxiii, 4–5, 221, 444
New York Waterway, 232
Nicosia, Kathy, 33, 44, 45, 77
9/11:
aftermath, xx, 186, 425–61
airport security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16
American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39
American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186
Bush’s response to, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 383, 421, 427, 443
Cheney’s shootdown order, 183–86
choice of day for attack, 27–28
communication failures on the ground, 259–65, 269–73, 306, 331–33, 359–61, 405, 443
confusion and missed opportunities, 4–6, 27, 63–65, 86–87, 94–95, 111, 119–28, 131–35, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 259–65, 269–73, 331–33, 405, 443
day before, 9–30, 193–208
dust cloud, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9
early media reports, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409
element of surprise, 111
events in the air, xx, 7–189
events on the ground, xx, 191–423
FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 330, 333–41, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423
ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416
human remains, 256, 294, 316, 318, 380, 396, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456
immediate aftermath of North Tower crash, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61
immediate aftermath of Pentagon crash, 316–28, 362–82
immediate aftermath of Shanksville crash, 386–97
immediate aftermath of South Tower crash, 274–88, 329–41
list of victims’ names, 463–98
map of flight paths, xvi
map of impact on Pentagon, xv
map of impact on World Trade Center, xiv
memorials, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446
multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443
nationwide ground stop, 134–36, 148
NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291
North Tower collapse, 408–10
North Tower hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–78
NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 280–83, 293–94, 405, 459
Pentagon hit by plane, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16
planned by al-Qaeda, 25–30, 110, 174
Shanksville plane crash and wreckage, 179–81, 184, 385–97
South Tower collapse, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449
South Tower hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293
timeline of key events, 499–500
United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85
United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75
U.S. government failure to anticipate, 3–6
See also specific planes and locations
9/11 Commission, xxiii, 438
Final Report, xxiii
9/11 Families for a Safe & Strong America, 438
9/11 Memorial, New York, 431, 433, 438, 439, 450
list of names, 463–98
1993 World Trade Center bombing, 4, 25, 86, 196, 202, 205, 220, 226, 240, 245, 247, 248, 252, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 290, 296, 299, 332, 353, 404, 431
9-1-1 emergency call system, xix, 28, 159, 160, 161, 162, 167, 230, 237, 262, 306, 331–33, 429
calls from South Tower, 280–83, 331–33, 338, 339–41
chaos in system, 331–33
Shanksville, 385–89, 391
NORDO, 45–48
North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 19, 20, 68–69, 72, 157, 184, 185, 186
North Cove Yacht Harbor, 226–27
Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS), 19–22, 68–73, 157, 185, 186, 443
confusion and communication failures, 119–27, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 443
Domestic Events Network, 186
post-9/11, 443–44
response to 9/11 hijackings, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291
Northeastern University, 434
North Tower, xx, 79–80, 225
10th floor, 406
12th floor, 416
19th floor, 404
27th floor, 349, 350, 359, 361
44th floor, 411
64th floor, 252, 294, 299, 300, 405
76th floor, 297
77th floor, 297, 298
78th floor sky lobby, 297, 304
83rd floor, 259
88th floor, 196, 227, 234, 239–41, 253–55, 295–97, 448
90th floor, 297
92nd floor, 237
93rd floor, 257, 268
98th floor, 404
99th floor, 200, 228, 236, 399
104th floor, 404, 455
106th floor, 237, 258
antenna, 225, 352
broken windows, 258
burn victims, 239–41, 245–46, 255, 291–92, 298, 301, 305, 346–48, 352, 420, 422–23, 447, 455
casualties, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428
collapse of, 408–10
communications failures, 259–65, 306, 359–61, 405
construction of, 220–25, 254
day before attacks, 195–204
dust cloud, 408–9
elevators, 236–38, 247–48, 259, 295, 296, 302–4, 350–52, 398–99, 408, 409, 413
evacuees, 255, 257, 260–61, 294–306, 346–61, 398–418
fallers and jumpers, xx, 251, 260–61, 263–64, 268, 292, 294, 349, 352, 374
FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 335, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423
fire, 85–86, 95, 120, 155, 238–41, 247, 249–57, 260–65, 404–5, 407
ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416
hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68
hours before plane crash, 219–35
immediate aftermath of assault, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61
impact zone and damage, 236–39, 276
lobby, 245, 246, 255–56, 260, 289, 300, 306, 346–48, 351, 353, 354, 359, 399, 457
lock release order, 306
map of impact on, xiv
messages to loved ones from, 237
NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405
Port Authority response, 253, 254, 257–59, 262–65, 299–300, 305, 353, 405
public address system, 260, 261
radio calls for help, 254, 257–58, 259–60
reserve capacity, 237–38
rooftop rescues ruled out, 260, 306, 332
secondary effects of crash, 238–65, 266–75
Security Command Center, 306
sprinkler system, 251
Stairwell B survivors, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61
stairwells, 237, 238, 253, 254, 258–61, 264, 276, 291–306, 349–50, 359–61, 405–18
Norton, Jacqueline, 34
Norton, Robert, 34, 79
nuclear power plants, 150
nuclear weapons, 308
Nunez, Evelyn, 67
NYPD, 155, 260, 332, 458
casualties, 342–43, 428, 459
communication failures, 405
Emergency Service Unit, 263
helicopters, 405
1993 WTC bombing rescues, 332
North Tower response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405
rivalry with FDNY, 260
South Tower response, 280–83, 335
See also specific officers
O’Brien, Danielle, 106, 135–36
O’Brien, Steven, 140–42, 146, 180–81
Oelschlager, Doug, 199, 228, 336, 342, 459
Offutt Air Force Base, 188
Ogonowski, Caroline, 10, 79
Ogonowski, John, 9–12, 31–34, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76, 79, 435
Ogonoswki, Laura, 9, 10, 79
Ogonowski, Mary, 10, 79
Ogonowski, Peg, 9–12, 31, 33, 79
post-9/11 life, 435
Oklahoma City bombing (1995), 315
Olaes, Dalisay, 312, 368, 369, 441, 442
Olender, Christine, 257–58
Oliver, Darrell, 375–76
Olson, Barbara, 14–16, 94, 97, 130–31, 145, 314, 432
Olson, Ted, 15–16, 94, 130–31, 145, 432
Omari, Abdulaziz al-, 28, 30, 39–44, 76
O’Neill, John, xxi, 343
One World Trade Center, xviii, 431
Ong, Betty, 32–33, 45, 60–63, 65, 66, 74–79, 90, 103, 118, 188
Oppenheimer Funds, 331
Orlando International Airport, 118
Ortiz, Pablo, 296
Otis Air National Guard Base, 21, 68, 69, 71, 72, 80, 95, 96, 104, 118, 185, 291
Otis Elevator Company, 208, 222
Ottoman Empire, 1, 28
Pakistan, 1, 25, 46, 427
raid on bin Laden compound, 427
Palmer, Orio, 199, 259–60, 290, 335–38, 339, 342, 459
Pandolfo, Dominique, 200, 228, 449
paramedics, 202–4, 231, 246, 255, 293–94, 346, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 417, 452–54, 459
post-9/11, 452–54
See also specific paramedics
Paris, 226
passports, 26, 39
PATH train, 227, 257, 355, 413
PBS, 5
Pearl Harbor, attack on, xix, 127, 189, 310, 322
Pecchinenda, Al, 198
Penn Station, 335
Pennsylvania Turnpike, 388
Pentagon, 68, 135, 144–46, 211, 307–28, 436–43
AE Drive, 308, 316, 318, 320, 322–28, 362, 367, 369–73, 376
A Ring, 308, 365
B Ring, 308
burn victims, 316, 365, 368, 373, 376–77, 438, 443
casualties, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42
Center Court, 308, 372, 374
C Ring, 308, 312, 316, 318, 323, 324, 326, 327, 372
day before attacks, 209–15
design of, 307–8
D ring, 308, 309, 311, 316
E Ring, 308, 311, 313–17, 320, 321, 325, 380, 442
evacuees and rescuers, 316–28, 362–82
fallers and jumpers, 318
fire, 314–17, 320, 323, 325–27, 364–68, 371, 372, 376–77
hit by plane, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16
hours before attack, 308–14
human remains, 316, 318, 323, 380, 437, 439
immediate aftermath of plane assault, 316–28, 362–82
impact zone and damage, 188, 314–16, 319, 320
last person rescued from, 372
map of impact on, xv
media on, 381
Navy Command Center, 309, 310, 319, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 360, 371, 374, 376, 440
Phoenix Project repairs, 436
post-9/11, 436–43
sprinkler system, 315, 327
Wedge One, 308, 311, 315–16, 317, 328, 368, 375, 380, 381, 436
Wedge Two, 315
Perez, Nancy, 229, 253, 294, 305, 353, 354, 401, 453
Perkins, Anthony, 35
Peterson, Donald, 114–15, 188, 396
Peterson, Jean, 114–15, 188, 396
Petit, Philippe, 225, 306
Petrone-Hatton, Beth, 256
Petrovich, Michael, 312, 368, 369, 441
Pfeifer, Joseph, 243, 244, 257, 259–60, 261, 289, 359, 459
Pfeifer, Kevin, 257, 459
photographers, 9/11, 348, 359
Picciotto, Rich, 404, 411, 413, 414, 415
Pincus, Walter, 5
Planes Operation, 25–30, 174
choice of day, 27–28
cost of, 28
See also hijackers
Ploger, Robert Riis III, 100, 145
Ploger, Zandra, 100, 145
Pluta, Paula, 385–86
Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher, 16, 94
Pollio, Susan, 268, 451
Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 196–97, 202, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 234, 259, 353, 398, 448
construction of World Trade Center and, 220–25
evacuation order, 262
North Tower response, 253, 254, 257–59, 262–65, 299–300, 305, 353, 405
remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299–300, 333
South Tower response, 262, 269–71, 299
Port Authority Police Department, 257–59, 262–63, 269–71, 299–300, 305, 405, 410, 458
casualties, 459
Portland, Maine, 30, 39–40, 42
Portland International Airport, 39–40
posters, “Missing,” 421, 428
post-9/11 era, 427–61
post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), 448, 456
Potomac River, 307
Powell, Craig, 318, 322, 362–63, 366–67, 370, 371, 372, 438
Powell, Jeremy, 69
Praimnath, Jenny, 206, 267, 280, 286, 331, 344, 449
Praimnath, Stan, 204–6, 267, 269–71, 274, 275, 279–80, 285–87, 319–31, 334–39, 343–45
post-9/11 life, 449–51
Presidential Emergency Operations Center, 136
prostitution, 28
Prunty, Richard, 413, 415, 417, 457, 459
Punches, Jack, 213–15, 310–11, 319–20, 325, 327, 367, 371, 372, 440, 441
Punches, Janice, 214, 215, 311, 320, 440
Punches, Jennifer, 213, 214, 310, 440
Punches, Jeremy, 214, 215, 310, 440
Puopolo, Sonia, 37–38, 77, 432–33
Purple Heart, 441
Queens, New York, 205, 230, 247, 293, 350, 401, 454
Queens-Midtown Tunnel, 293
Quran, 1, 29, 30
Qutb, Sayyid, 1
radar, 20, 21, 22, 46–48, 69, 94, 123, 126
FAA, 46–48, 72, 107–8, 150, 156, 157, 170
military, 68–73, 143, 182
Randazzo, Gaspere, 422, 423
Rasmussen, Rhonda, 437
Reagan National Airport, 108, 129, 135, 136, 140, 142, 146, 174
Reiss, Alan, 253, 254, 255, 295–96
religion, 54, 164, 279, 286, 288, 291, 311, 359, 376–77, 396, 427
last rites, 348, 377
Lord’s Prayer, 164, 291, 454
repeater system, 259–60
Rescorla, Rick, xxi, 272–73, 336, 342
Retik, David, 37, 77
Retik, Susan, 37
Reuters, 359
Rice, Condoleezza, 138, 139
Riches, Jim, 458
Riches, Jimmy, 458, 459
Rivera, Joseph, 356
Riyadh, 2
Roger, Jean, 45, 77
Rohan, Glenn, 416, 417
rooftop rescues, impossibility of, 260, 306, 332
Rose, Tony, 364–65, 373, 441
Ross, Carrie, 18
Ross, Donald K., 322
Ross, Richard, 37, 77
Ross, USS, 322
Roth, Julie Sweeney, 56–57, 88, 92, 274, 432
Rothenberg, Mark “Mickey,” 112, 117, 163, 188
Rountree, Stacia, 95–96, 172
Rove, Karl, 138, 139
Rumsfeld, Donald, 147–48, 184–85, 380–81, 436–37
Russia, 20, 21, 24, 184, 307
Ruth, William, 378, 379, 437
Sadler, Winston, 61, 62
St. Paul’s Chapel, 293, 347, 348
St. Peter’s Church, 359
St. Vincent’s Hospital, 348, 356, 359, 410, 447
San Diego, 27
Sandler, O’Neill & Partners, 342
San Francisco, 33, 87, 110, 120, 159, 170, 175
Saracini, Victor, 50–51, 73–74, 81–83, 87, 92, 123
Sarasota, Florida, 137–39, 147, 383
Saudi Arabia, 2, 4–5, 19, 26, 27, 58, 116, 118, 214
1995 Riyadh car bombing, 2
1996 Khobar Towers bombing, 4
Saudi National Guard, 2
Sawyer, Diane, 91–92
Schindler’s List (movie), 456
Schippani, Jon, 65
Schmidt, Karen, 283
Schroeder, Carl, “Christine’s Lullaby,” 434
Schumacher, Robert, 140
Scoggins, Colin, 70–71, 95–96, 127
Scott, Randy, 279, 451
SEAL Team Six, 427, 434
Sears Tower, Chicago, 170, 225
Seattle, 170
Secret Service, 136, 137–39, 147, 183, 417
security, airport, 39–43, 59, 116–17
CAPPS system, 40, 102, 116
carry-on bags, 41, 43
checked bags, 40–41, 42–43, 103, 117
procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16
See also specific airports and flights
Senate, U.S., 170
Senate Armed Services Committee, 381
Sengün, Aysel, 28–29, 117
September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, 436
Serpe, Anita, 253, 255
Serva, Christina, 213
Serva, Marian, 213, 311, 313, 326, 369, 441–42
Seven World Trade Center, collapse of, 417
Shaeffer, Kevin, 376
Shaffer, Adam, 216, 446
Shaffer, Ben, 216
Shaffer, Kathie, 216–18, 387–88, 397, 445–46
post-9/11 life, 445–46
Shaffer, Rebecca, 216
Shaffer, Terry, 216–18, 387–88, 391–97, 445–46
post-9/11 life, 445–46
Shahada, 171
Shanksville, Pennsylvania, 180, 216, 217, 383–97, 428
coroners, 386, 389–91, 393–94
crash site and wreckage, 389–97, 444
day before crash, 216–18
Diamond T site, 386, 388, 393–96
emergency response, 386–97
hours before crash, 383–85
human remains, 392, 393–94, 396–97, 444
immediate aftermath of plane crash, 386–97
9-1-1 calls, 385–89, 391
post-9/11, 445–46
tourism, 445
United Airlines Flight 93 crashes into, 179–81, 184, 385–89
Shanksville Volunteer Fire Department, 216, 386–97, 445, 446
response to United Airlines Flight 93 crash, 386–97
Sharon, Ariel, 27
Shehhi, Marwan al-, 24, 26, 27, 28, 41, 58, 88, 275
Shehri, Mohand al-, 58
Shehri, Wail al-, 43, 75, 77
Shehri, Waleed al-, 43, 75, 77
Shelton, Hugh, 381
Shepley, Jim, 383–85, 386
Shepley, Linda, 383–85, 386
Sherman, Antoinette “Toni,” 377, 438
Silverstein Properties, 197, 240
Sirius (dog), 263, 411, 415, 459
“Six Lives” (Zuckoff), xx–xxi, xxiii
Six World Trade Center, 355
Slen, Peter, 14–15
Sliney, Ben, 134–35, 148, 183, 185, 443
Smith, Dorene, 253, 297, 298, 301, 346, 347, 348
Smith, Moira, 342–43
Smith, Monica Rodriguez, 196, 220
Smithsonian Institution, 9/11 objects in collection of, 438–39
Snyder, Christine Ann, 188
Snyder, Dianne, 45, 77
Soldier’s Medal, 441
Somalia, 2, 116
“Black Hawk Down” shootdown, 2
Somerset County Airport, 384
Somerset County Emergency Management Agency, 391
Somerset County Hospital, 387
Sopper, Mari-Rae, 98, 146
Soriano, Delis, 267, 270, 450
South Tower, xviii, 204, 225, 262
31st floor, 330
44th floor, 330, 331
68th floor, 451
73rd floor, 333, 336
74th floor, 330, 336
76th floor, 336
77th floor, 333
78th floor sky lobby, 267, 270, 272, 273, 277, 287, 330, 336–38, 342, 450
79th floor, 334, 339
80th floor, 329, 334
81st floor, 205, 267, 270, 271, 274, 275, 279–80, 284, 285, 450
82nd floor, 285
83rd floor, 280–83
84th floor, 266, 268, 269, 275, 278–79, 330
88th floor, 333
90th floor, 273
91st floor, 332, 450
92nd floor, 262
97th floor, 273, 274, 275, 287, 343
99th floor, 233, 339, 455
105th floor, 332, 339
burn victims, 277, 337, 450
calls to loved ones from, 287–88
casualties, 277, 333, 337, 341–43, 360, 428, 450–51
collapse of, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449
communication failures, 269–73, 331–33
construction of, 220–25
day before attacks, 204–8
dust cloud, 343–44, 354–59
elevators, 268, 273, 276, 277, 337–38
evacuees, 266–74, 277–88, 329–45
fallers and jumpers, 333, 338, 451
fire, 91, 120, 155, 276–81, 286, 288, 330, 334, 337, 339, 341
hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293
immediate aftermath of assault, 274–88, 329–41
impact zone and damage, 275–76, 334
lobby, 270, 335, 342
man in the red bandana, xxi, 277, 330, 337, 342
map of impact on, xiv
near breaking point, 334
9-1-1 calls, 280–83, 331–33, 338, 339–41
North Tower crash and, 266–74
NYPD response, 280–83, 335
optional evacuation order, 271, 277
Port Authority response, 262, 269–71, 299
public address system, 269, 271
remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299, 333
sprinkler system, 288
Stairwell A access, 276, 279, 280, 284, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 337
stairwells, 268, 269, 276, 277–80, 284, 329–37, 359–61
Soviet Union, fall of, 20
Spadafora, Ronald, 428
Spain, 27
Sphere, The (sculpture), 334
“squawk” alert, 104, 156
stairwells, 223–24, 226
North Tower, 237, 238, 253, 254, 258–61, 264, 276, 291–306, 349–50, 405–18
South Tower, 268, 269, 276, 277–80, 284, 329–37
State Department, U.S., 132
terrorist watchlist, 132
Statue of Liberty, xvii, 90, 188, 206, 226, 269
Stevens, Lois, 312, 322, 325–27, 363–65, 367–70, 373, 441
stock markets, 206, 344, 427
Strong, Elsa, 165
Studdert, Andy, 119, 125
subway, 225
Suhr, Danny, 333–34
suicide plot, simultaneous, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443
Summers (Anthony) and Swan (Robbyn), The Eleventh Day: The Full Story of 9/11, xxiii
SunTrust bank card, 395
Supreme Court, U.S., 15
Suqami, Satam al-, 28, 43, 76–77, 163
survivor’s guilt, 450, 460
Sweeney, Amy, 34, 45, 66–67, 74–79, 90, 118, 235
Sweeney, Anna, 34
Sweeney, Brian “Moose,” 53, 55–57, 88–89, 90, 92, 274, 432
Sweeney, Julie, 56–57, 88, 92, 274, 432
Sweeney, Louise, 89, 91, 92
Sweeney, Mike, 34
Talignani, John, 115, 188
Tam, Maurita, 233, 455
Tanzania, American Embassy bombing in, 2, 4
Tarantino, Dave, 209–11, 308–9, 316–18, 322, 323, 327, 328, 362–63, 365–67, 373–75, 381–82
Pentagon rescue of Jerry Henson, 370–72, 438, 441
post-9/11 life, 438–41
Tarantino, Margie, 210, 211, 381, 440
Tarrou, Michael, 52, 93, 275
Taylor, Hilda, 98
television, 16, 38, 85, 89, 137
Bush addresses nation on, 139–40, 188–89, 393
cameramen, 357–58
early reports on 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409
South Tower collapse, 341
terrorism, 1–6, 21, 42, 315
airport security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16
bin Laden memo, 137
multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443
2001 risk briefings, 137
U.S. failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 3–6
watchlists, 27, 132
See also hijackers; specific terrorists, groups, and attacks
Thomas, Chuck, 107
Thomas, Dave, 322, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 365–67, 370–71, 374, 438–40
post-9/11 life, 438–421
Thompson, Brian, 271, 450
Three World Financial Center, 352
Thurman, John, 377–79, 437
timeline of key events on 9/11, 499–500
TIPOFF terrorist watchlist, 132
TJX Cos, 429
Tobin, Austin J., 225
Today show, 383
Toll, Ian W., xix
Top Gun school, 56, 101
Torres, Edith, 453
torture, 427–28
tourism, 9/11, 445
transponders, 21, 47
codes, 48, 83, 104, 156
turned off by hijackers, 47–48, 72, 73, 75, 83, 104, 107–8, 126, 156, 157
triage tags, 347
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 261
Trinity Church, 339, 343
Trolley Problem, 173, 183
Trotman, Shawn, 33, 34
UBS PaineWebber, 232, 302
United Airlines, 16, 17, 38, 42, 84, 87, 102, 119–25, 150
first direct warnings to planes, 124–25
Rule of Five, 122, 123
United Airlines Flight 93, xxi, 16, 22, 109–25, 149–89, 341, 444
ACARS messages to, 120–25, 173, 174–75
black boxes, 394
call to action, 160–68, 175–80
calls from passengers and crew, 158–68, 172, 175–76, 187
casualties, 187–88, 392–97, 423, 444
cockpit recorder messages, 149–58, 173, 176–80
cockpit takeover, 152
crashes into Shanksville, 179–81, 184, 385–89
crew, 110, 115–16, 120, 152–54, 187–88
delayed takeoff, 112, 118–19, 174
fire ax threat, 173, 176
hijackers, 116–18, 149–68, 169–89, 385, 392, 395, 396–97, 444, 445
hijacking of, 120, 149–89, 384–85
immediate aftermath of crash, 386–97
“Let’s Roll” counterattack, 175–80, 187–88, 384, 392, 444, 445
map of flight path, xvi
Mayday call, 149–51
NEADS response, 156–57, 172–73, 181–86
passengers and boarding, 112–16, 187–88
security procedures and gaps, 116–17
wreckage, 389–97, 444
United Airlines Flight 175, 12, 49–59, 63, 73–74, 81–93, 110, 118, 123, 141, 175, 432, 433, 454
calls from, 87–91, 274, 275
casualties, 92–93, 275
crew, 52–53
early media reports, 91–92, 94, 121, 130, 132
first signs of trouble, 83–84
hijackers, 58–59, 83–91, 110–11, 274–75
hijacking of, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75
hits South Tower, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293
map of flight path, xvi
map of impact on South Tower, xiv
NEADS response, 186
passengers and boarding, 49–50, 51–59
stabbings, 84, 87, 89–90, 119
takeoff, 50
United Arab Emirates, 24, 26, 28, 58
United Flight 23, 185–86
United Nations, 21
USAir Flight 427, 394
US Airways, 39, 42
Vamsikrishna, Pendyala “Vamsi,” 35, 433
Vera, Dave, 285, 330, 450
Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, 422
Vesey Street, 243, 252, 255, 293, 356, 400, 408, 417
victims, list of names, 463–98
Vienna, Battle of, 28
Vietnam War, 10, 99, 100, 101, 138, 264, 272, 309, 312, 313, 320, 442
Vigilant Guardian, 21, 69, 70
visas, travel, 25, 26, 133
Visconti, Nick, 412
voicemails, 432, 433
Von Essen, Thomas, 255, 256, 257
Wagner, Karen, 378–79, 437
Wainio, Honor Elizabeth “Lizz,” 115, 166, 187, 188
Walker, Elliott, 383
Wall Street, xviii
Walsh, Jody King, 388–89
Warchola, Mike, 406, 411–12, 415, 416, 459
Ward, Marion, 368, 369
War Department, U.S., 307
Washington, D.C., 14, 15, 20, 28, 30, 63, 97, 106, 108, 134, 171, 307–8
evacuations, 170
Pentagon attack, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 307–28
as target of al-Qaeda, 134–48, 156, 160–62, 170, 174, 178, 180, 183–85, 188
Washington Center, 106, 141–42, 182–83
Washingtonian magazine, 14
Washington Journal, 14
Washington Monument, 170
Washington Post, 5, 16, 377
watchlists, terrorist, 27, 132
Watson, Shelley, 70–71, 182–83
Webb, Tracy, 312, 364–65, 368, 373, 442
wedding rings, 395, 432–33, 455
Weehawken, New Jersey, 232
Weill Cornell Medical Center, 422, 447
Weinstein, Gilbert, 241
Weiss, Dave, 256, 459
Welsh, Deborah, 115, 152, 188
Werth, John, 150–57, 171
Westfield America, 197
West Side Highway, 410
West Street, 243, 255, 256, 292, 349, 351, 353, 399, 417
White Gate Farm, 11, 435
White House, 27, 136
evacuation of, 170
press corps, 139
as target of al-Qaeda, 136, 142–43, 174, 178, 183, 188
Whittington, Leslie, 98–99, 145
Wien, Lawrence, 221
Williams, Candace Lee, 34
Williams, Christine, 311, 319, 320, 325, 327, 363
Williams, Dwayne, 442
Williams, Kenneth, 132–33
Wills, Kirk, 211, 212, 213, 372, 373
Wills, Marilyn, 211–13, 311–13, 321–22, 325–27, 363–65, 367–73
post-9/11 life, 441–42
Wills, Percilla, 212, 372
Wills, Portia, 212, 372
Windows on the World, 219, 225, 237, 257
window washers, 303, 332
Woodhall Hospital, 402
Woodward, Michael, 32, 33, 44, 67, 75–78, 235
Woolworth Building, 290
Workman, Steve, 376
World Trade Center, xx, 4, 25, 119
al-Qaeda plans attacks on, 25–30, 110
bathtub, 225
Building Code, 223–24
central core, 222, 223
communication failures, 259–65, 269–73, 306, 331–33, 359–61, 405, 443
Concourse, 225, 335, 346, 353, 354–55
construction of, 114, 208, 220–25, 254, 276
day before attacks, 193–208
design, 221–23, 237–38
dust cloud after tower collapse, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9
fireproofing and susceptibility, 223–24, 226, 238, 276
ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416
hours before plane crash, 219–35
iconography, 225–26
immediate aftermath of North Tower attack, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61
immediate aftermath of South Tower attack, 274–88, 329–41
lease to private firms, 196–97, 234
lock release order, 306
1993 bombing, 4, 25, 86, 196, 202, 205, 220, 226, 240, 245, 247, 248, 252, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 290, 296, 299, 332, 353, 404, 431
North Tower collapse, 408–10
North Tower hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68
occupancy, 224–26
plaza, 225, 237, 263, 334
remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299–300, 333
repeater system, 259–60
roof access, 260, 306, 332
sky lobby, 223
South Tower collapse, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449
South Tower hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 293
swaying in the wind, 223
See also specific buildings
World War II, 93, 322
Wright, Frank Lloyd, 233
Wright, Lawrence, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, xxii–xxiii
written messages, from trapped workers, 237, 279
Yamasaki, Minoru, 222
Yamnicky, John, Sr., 101
Yang, Shuying, 99, 145
Yates, Ellen, 313, 442
Yates, John, 313, 326, 363, 364, 365, 373, 441
post-9/11 life, 441, 442–43
Yellow Ribbon Fund, 439
Yemen, 2, 3
1992 hotel attack, 2
York, Kevin, 284, 330, 450
Young, Chris, 199–201, 228–29, 235, 247–48, 257, 294, 302–4, 350–52, 408–9
elevator escape, 398–400
post-9/11, 448–49
Young, Ling, 277, 337
Yousef, Ramzi, 25, 137
Zalewski, Peter, 45–48, 50, 60, 63–65, 75, 76, 81
Zelmanowitz, Abe, 361
Zheng, Yugang, 99, 145
Zuccala, Joseph, 271, 279, 450
Zuckoff, Mitchell, “Six Lives,” xx–xxi, xxiii