Index

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Abate, Richard, xxi

ABC, 5

coverage of 9/11 attacks, 91–92

Abril, Roberto, 231, 293–94, 355–56, 410

Abruzzo, John, 301

ACARS messages, 66, 87, 119, 121–25, 149, 173, 174–75

Adams, Christian, 187

Adams, Paul, 230–31, 246, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 410, 421

post-9/11 life, 448

Afghanistan, 1, 2, 4, 5, 24, 25, 26, 58, 309, 384

war in, 427, 436, 437, 439, 442

AIM-9 missiles, 105–6, 172

Airfone calls, 60–61, 87, 158–68, 175, 235, 433

Air Force, U.S., 10, 291, 322, 395, 438

Air Force One, 147, 183

Airman’s Medal, 438

Air National Guard, 19–22, 182

air traffic controllers. See Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

Akamai Technologies, 39

al-Ouds, Hamburg, 23, 24

al-Qaeda, xxi, 3–6, 24–30, 58, 102, 133, 137, 147, 174, 309, 391, 430, 435, 439

American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

element of surprise, 111

killing of bin Laden and, 427–28, 434

planning of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174

United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85

United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

See also hijackers

Aman, George, 313–14, 379–80

Ambrose, Dr. Paul, 100

American Airlines, 11, 32, 47, 60, 103, 124, 129, 141, 353

American Airlines Flight 11, xx, 9, 10, 12, 22, 31–48, 50–51, 81–83, 90, 107, 110, 118, 141, 143, 429, 435

calls from passengers and crew, 61–63, 67, 74–78

casualties, 79–80, 428

crew, 31–34, 44, 45

early media reports, 85–86, 94–96

hijackers, 39–43, 60–80, 110–11, 163, 235

hijackers enter cockpit, 75–76

hijacking of, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

hits North Tower, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68

map of flight path, xvi

map of impact on North Tower, xiv

NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 118, 126–28, 186

NORDO, 45–48

passengers and boarding, 34–44

radio messages from hijackers, 47, 63–66, 68, 74, 78–79, 81–82, 93

security procedures and gaps, 39–44

stabbings, 61, 62, 67, 75–77

takeoff, 44–45

American Airlines Flight 77, 14, 94–108, 110, 150, 432, 437

calls from passengers and crew, 128–31

casualties, 145–46, 428, 437

crew, 101–2, 145

early media reports, 146

hijackers, 102–3, 110, 128–29, 132, 135, 144–45, 314, 316

hijacking of, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

hits Pentagon, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16

map of flight path, xvi

NEADS response, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 186

passengers and boarding, 97–103, 145–46

security procedures and gaps, 102–3

takeoff, 103

American Express Tower, 352

Anderson, James, 137

Andreacchio, John “Jack,” 270, 329, 330, 450

Andrews Air Force Base, 136, 140, 183

Angell, David, 38

Angell, Lynn, 38

answering machine messages, 165, 295, 432

antiwar groups, 436

Aon Corporation, 233, 339, 340

Apostol, Faustino, 40–56, 459

Arabian Peninsula, 2

Arabic language, 43, 153–55, 169, 171, 173, 176–80, 396

Arestegui, Bobbi, 44, 45, 75

Arizona, 26

Arlington, USS, 439

Arlington County Fire Department, 380, 381

Arlington Hospital, 372

Arlington National Cemetery, 143–44, 311, 313, 379, 380, 441

Armstead, Ernest, 263–64

Army, U.S., 2, 212, 213, 322

Arnold, Larry, 72–73, 184

Ashcroft, John, 130

Associated Press, 139

Atlantic Fleet, 439

Atta, Mohamed, 22–30, 39–42, 44, 58, 88, 97, 110, 111, 117, 118, 134, 157, 179

hijacking of American Airlines Flight 11, 45–48, 63–65, 75–79, 82, 93, 235, 249

instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 117

as leader of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174

security procedures and boarding, 39–44

Atta, Mohamed (father of hijacker), 23

Austin J. Tobin Plaza, 263, 334

awards for 9/11 heroism, 438, 441

 

Babakitis, Arlene, 253, 293, 294, 305, 353, 354, 401, 453

Bacon, Bob, 411, 415

Bailey, Garnet “Ace,” 52, 87, 92, 275

Bailey, Kathy, 87

Ballinger, Ed, 122–25, 149, 174–75, 185

Bangladesh, 1

Banihammad, Fayez, 58

Barbuto, Christine, 37

Barksdale Air Force Base, 183

Barnes, Vanessa, 280–83

Barnik, Mark, 150–51

Barrett, Kevin, 294, 356, 410

Basmala, 153

Bavis, Mark, 52, 92

Bay, Lorraine, 115, 187

Bayonne, New Jersey, 447

Beamer, Lisa, 113, 164–65

Beamer, Todd, 113, 163–65, 171, 175–76, 187, 384, 395

Beaven, Alan, Anthony, 187

Beekman Downtown Hospital, 422

Beilke, Max, 312, 313, 321, 442

Beirut, 24

Bennett, Bryan Craig, 455

Bennett, Donald, 43

Berenson, Berry, 35

Betru, Dr. Yeneneh, 100, 145–46

Beyea, Ed, 361

Bible, 396

Biggio, Terry, 93

Bingham, Mark, 112–13, 160–61, 187

bin Laden, Osama, 1–6, 24, 133, 147, 174, 189, 309, 343, 430

fatwa of, 1–6, 25, 110

killing of, 427–28, 434, 442

9/11 attacks planned by, 25–27, 110, 174

pre-9/11 terrorist attacks by, 2–6

U.S. failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 3–6

Birdwell, Brian, 379

Bobbitt, Dave, 303, 304

Bodley, Deora, 114, 187

body parts. See human remains

Boeing jets, 29, 43

Boeing 707, 221

Boeing 757, 97, 144–45, 180, 315, 392

Boeing 767, 11, 33–34, 43, 50, 60, 78, 95, 97, 147, 235

Bolourchi, Touri, 52, 92–93, 275

Booker Elementary School, Sarasota, Florida, 138, 139, 147, 383

Bosnia, 26

Boston, xx, 9, 12, 22, 28, 29, 30, 32, 39, 42, 47, 111, 170, 420, 430

evacuations, 170

Boston Center, 46–48, 50, 60, 63–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 82, 93, 95, 104, 108, 142, 172

Boston Globe, xx

“Six Lives,” xx–xxi, xxiii

Boston Harbor, 32, 45

Boston Medical Center, 434

Boston University, xx–xxi, 13, 52, 55–56, 434

Bottiglia, Dave, 82–84

box cutters, 41, 130

Bradshaw, Phil, 115, 167, 187

Bradshaw, Sandra, 115, 159, 167, 187, 384, 395

Brandhorst, Daniel, 51, 275

Brandhorst, David Gamboa, 51, 92, 275

Britton, Marion, 114, 166, 187

Broad Street, 344

Broadway, xviii, 251, 343, 402

Brooklyn, 301, 402

Brooklyn Bridge, 344

Brown, Bernard, Sr., 97, 98, 145

Brown, Bernard C. II, 97–98, 145, 314

Brown, Patrick “Paddy,” 264, 406, 459

Brown, Tim, 290

Bucca, Ronald, 336–38, 339, 342

Buddhism, 54

Bueno, Dan, 69, 70

Burke, William “Billy,” Jr., 350, 359, 360, 361, 459

Burlingame, Chares “Chic,” 101, 107, 145, 437–38

Burlingame, Debra, 437–38

Burnett, Deena, 112, 158–59, 163, 165

Burnett, Thomas E., 112, 158–59, 163, 165, 187

Burns, Donald, 290, 335, 342

Bush, George H. W., 115

Bush, George W., 15, 106, 136

addresses nation about 9/11, 139–40, 188–89, 383

response to 9/11 attacks, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 393, 421, 427, 443

Bush, Laura, 443

Butler, Billy, 248, 255, 400, 401, 403, 410, 411, 461

 

Cairo, 23, 74

Cairo University, 23

Camaj, Roko, 332, 339, 343

cameramen, 357–58

Campbell, Tara, 121–22

Canada, 19, 21, 147, 181

Canal Street, 248, 250, 458

evacuation below, 413–14

cancer, 428

Cantor Fitzgerald, 257, 455

Capitol, U.S., 143, 174, 213

evacuation of, 170

as target of planes, 174, 178, 183, 188

Card, Andy, 138, 139

Carden, Martha, 312, 320, 321, 364, 365, 368, 373, 441

Carlos R. Lillo Park, 454

Carlton, Paul, Jr., 322, 366–67, 371, 438

Carr Futures, 257

Carson, Patty, 129

Casey, Mike, 37

Casey, Neilie Anne Heffernan, 36–37

Casey, Riley, 37

Cashman, William, 114, 187

casualties, 9/11, 189, 277, 428–29

American Airlines Flight 11, 79–80, 428

American Airlines Flight 77, 145–46, 428, 437

DNA proof, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

fallers and jumpers, see fallers and jumpers

FDNY, 333–34, 342–43, 428, 452–54, 457–60

identification of, 279, 397, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

list of names, 463–98

of 9/11-related illnesses, 428

North Tower, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428

NYPD, 342–43, 428, 459

Pentagon, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42

physical tokens of, 432–33, 437, 457

post-9/11 lives of families, 427–61

South Tower, 277, 333, 337, 341–43, 360, 428, 450–51

toll from ground, 277, 428

toll from planes, 189, 428

United Airlines Flight 93, 187–88, 392–97, 428, 444

United Airlines Flight 175, 92–93, 275, 428

Caswell, William, 100, 145

Catholicism, 348, 377

CBS, 258

Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 5, 27, 133, 428, 440

chaplains, 143–44

FDNY, 359

Pentagon, 143–44, 376–77

Charlebois, David, 101, 107

Chechnya, 24, 26

Chelsea Piers, 410, 421

Cheney, Dick, 136

response to 9/11 attacks, 136, 139, 147, 155, 183–86

shootdown order, 183–86

Cherry, Doug, 341

Chicago, 87, 119, 122, 170, 225

evacuations, 170

Chinatown, 198, 199, 242, 248, 458

Chopra, Deepak, 38, 195

Chung, Wai-ching, 232–33, 261, 455

Church Street, 276, 293, 347, 353, 354, 356, 358, 401

Ciccolello, Joanne, 241

City Hall, 402

Clark, Brian, 204–6, 266–69, 271, 275, 278–79, 280, 284–87, 329, 330–35, 337, 338–39, 343–45

post-9/11 life, 449–51

Clark, Dianne, 205, 268, 331, 449

Clark, Sarah, 98

Cleveland, Grover, xvii, 188

Cleveland Center, 108, 125, 150–52, 156, 170, 171, 181

Clifford, Brigid, 194–95, 226, 352, 419, 455, 456, 457

Clifford, Monica, 194, 195, 226, 352, 456, 457

Clifford, Ron, 118–19, 155, 193–95, 219–20, 226–27, 231–34, 244–46, 361, 291–93, 348–49, 352–53, 418–20, 422, 454–57

post-9/11 life, 454–57

Clinton, Bill, 2, 16, 213

Clinton, Hillary, 15, 16

CNN, 85–86, 352

coverage of 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 95–96, 132, 139, 146, 162, 309, 409

cockpit doors, one key entry to, 76

code words, hijacking, 104, 123, 156

Cold War, 21, 308

Cole, USS, bombing of, 3, 27, 213

Coll, Robert “Bobby,” 269, 275, 278, 284, 330, 450

Coll, Steve, Ghost Wars, xxii

Collman, Jeffrey, 45, 77

Combat Air Patrol (CAP), 106

Common Strategy, 74–75

Computer Assisted Passenger Prescreening System (CAPPS), 40, 102, 116

Concourse, 225, 335, 346, 353, 354–55

Congress, U.S., 15, 115, 170, 186, 323

evacuation of, 170

Coniglio, Jeff, 411, 415

conservatism, 16

Cooper, Joseph, 69, 70

coroners, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 431, 444, 456

Correa, Victor, 365

Corrigan, Georgine Rose, 187

Cosgrove, Kevin, 339–41, 343

Cottom, Asia, 98

Coughenour, Jeremy, 386

Counterterrorism Center, 3

Couric, Katie, 383

Creamer, Colin, 36, 429, 430–31, 432

Creamer, Gerry, 429, 430

Creamer, John, 35, 36, 79, 429–32

post-9/11 life, 429–32

Creamer, Julie, 430, 431

Creamer, Nora, 36, 429, 430, 431, 432

Creamer, Tara, 35–36, 79, 429–32

Crowther, Welles, xxi, 342. See also man in the red bandana

Crusades, 1

Cruz-Santiago, Juan, 377, 438

C-SPAN, 14, 16

Cushing, Patricia, 187

Custer, Keith, 389

 

D’Agostino, Sal, 248, 255, 290, 291, 400, 406, 410, 412, 415, 416, 460, 461

Dahl, Jason, 116, 118, 120–25, 149–51, 157, 169, 174, 187

Dahl, Matt, 116

Dahl, Sandy, 116

Dahler, Don, 91, 92

Daniels, Kay, 138, 139

Dar es Salaam, 2, 4

Dateline, 459

Debeuneure, James, 98

deChatelet, Ted, 200, 201

Defense Department, U.S., 68, 100, 157, 308, 439

Defense of Freedom Medal, 441

Delgado, Manuel, 356

Delta Air Lines, 83, 147

Delta Flight 1989, 147, 150, 172, 181

DeLuca, Joseph, 114, 167, 188

De Martini, Frank, 253–54, 295, 296, 297

De Martini, Nicole, 254, 296, 297

Demczur, Jan, 303

dental records, 396, 444

Department of Homeland Security, 440

Devery, Jim, 337

Diaz, Ericka, 230, 293, 357, 421

Diaz, Moussa “Moose,” 203, 229–31, 235, 247, 293, 347–48, 356–59, 409–10, 321, 448

post-9/11 life, 448

Dickens, Rodney, 98

DiFrancesco, Ron, 284, 285, 450

Dillard, Eddie, 100, 129, 146

Dillard, Rosemary, 129, 146

DNA proof of victims, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

dogs, bomb-sniffing, 263, 411, 415, 459

Doi, Melissa, 280–83, 343

Dolan, Lisa, 439

Dolan, Robert, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 374, 439, 440

Domestic Events Network, 186

Dooley, Maureen “Mo,” 96, 127, 172

door restrictors, 398, 399

Driscoll, Patrick “Joe,” 114, 187

drivers’ licenses, 395

Droz, Charles, 100–101

Duch, Elaine, 195–97, 227, 232, 234, 239–41, 253–55, 295–99, 301, 346–48, 356, 400, 447

post-9/11 life, 447–48

Duch, Janet, 195, 196, 197, 227, 234, 241, 348, 447, 448

Duch, Maryann, 447

Duffy, Timothy, 71, 72, 103, 106, 291

Dulles International Airport, 94, 97, 102–3, 106, 111, 117, 126, 128, 129, 135–36, 141

Dunn, Mona, 273

Dunn, Vincent, 250, 261

dust cloud, after tower collapse, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9

Dwyer (Jim) and Flynn (Kevin), 102 Minutes, xxiii

 

East River, 300

Edward, John, Crossing Over, 89, 302

Efthimiades, James, 411, 415

Egan, Cardinal Edward, 460

Egypt, 1, 23, 74, 226

Eiffel Tower, 226

El Al, 74

elevators, 208, 222–23, 235

door restrictors, 398, 399

North Tower, 236–37, 238, 247–48, 259, 295, 296, 302–4, 350–52, 398–99, 408, 409, 413

South Tower, 268, 273, 276, 277, 337–38

trapped survivors and escapes, 302–4, 337–38, 350–52, 398–99

Emery, Ed, 273–74, 287, 288, 451

Empire Blue Cross Blue Shield, 361

Empire State Building, 170, 226, 335

1945 plane crash, 86, 221, 239

EMTs, 229–31, 247, 293–94, 333, 347–49, 356–59, 401, 409–10, 421, 448

Battalion 49, 401, 410, 421

post-9/11, 448

See also specific EMTs

ESPN, 258

Euro Brokers, 204, 205, 206, 266, 268, 278, 279, 284, 330, 450, 451

evacuees, 347

burn victims, 239–41, 245–46, 255, 277, 291–92, 298, 301, 305, 316, 337, 346–48, 352, 365, 368, 373, 376–77, 420, 422–23, 438, 443, 447, 450, 455

ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

handicapped, 299–301, 361, 400–407, 411–18

North Tower, 255, 257, 260–61, 294–306, 346–61, 398–418

Pentagon, 316–28, 363–82

South Tower, 266–74, 277–88, 329–45

status shift to terrorism survivors, 347

See also specific evacuees

 

Falco, Tommy, 198, 248, 255, 290, 300, 400, 410, 413, 414, 416, 461

Falkenberg, Charles, 99, 145, 437

Falkenberg, Dana, 99, 145, 437

Falkenberg, Zoe, 99, 145, 437

fallers and jumpers, xx, 155

Falling Man, xx

fall survived by, 263–64

North Tower, xx, 251, 260–64, 268, 292, 294, 349, 352, 374

Pentagon, 318

South Tower, 333, 338, 451

families, 9/11, 79–80, 92–93, 145–46, 237, 395–96, 427–61

of American Airlines Flight 11 victims, 79–80

of American Airlines Flight 77 victims, 145–46

media and, 434, 436, 445, 447, 449, 453, 455, 459–60

notification of loved ones, 428–29

post-9/11 lives of, 427–61

remains of loved ones, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456

suicides, 433

of United Airlines Flight 93 victims, 395–96

of United Airlines Flight 175 victims, 92–93

See also specific families and locations of attacks

Fangman, Robert, 53, 87, 93, 123

Farley-Hackel, Paige, 38, 51, 419, 420, 457

Farmer, John, The Ground Truth, xxiii

FDNY, 197–99, 202, 342, 446

casualties, 333–34, 342–43, 428, 452–54, 457–60

chaplain, 359

command structure, 290

communication failures, 259–65, 306, 359–61, 405

EMTs, 229–31, 247, 293–94, 333, 347–49, 356–59, 401, 409–10, 421, 448

Engine 4, 458

Engine 6, 242

Engine 9, 243

Engine 21, 350

Engine 33, 257

evacuation message after South Tower collapse, 359–61, 404–6, 457

gear, 243, 255, 299, 336, 400, 406

Hazmat team, 244

high-rise fire calculation, 250–51

Ladder Company 3, 264

Ladder Company 5, 406, 412

Ladder Company 6, 198–99, 228, 234, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 300–301, 306, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–418, 457–61

Ladder Company 11, 199, 414, 459

Ladder Company 15, 336–38

Ladder Company 43, 415, 416

9/11-related illnesses, 428, 448, 460

North Tower response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–94, 298–301, 306, 335, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423

paramedics, 202–4, 231, 246, 255, 293–94, 346, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 417, 452–54, 459

post-9/11, 448, 452–54, 457–61

radio calls, 249, 259–60, 262, 306, 336, 337–38, 359–61, 406, 412, 413, 414, 417, 458

Rescue Company 1, 256, 290

Rescue Company 3, 406

rivalry with NYPD, 260

South Tower response, 290, 330, 333–41

Squad 18, 249, 350

stairway access, 259, 264, 299–301, 306, 349, 405–18

Stairwell B survivors, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61

See also specific firemen

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), 37, 40, 123, 443

American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking and, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking and, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

Boston Center, 46–48, 50, 60, 63–66, 68, 71, 73, 75, 76, 81, 82, 93, 95, 104, 108, 142, 172

calls for military help, 68–69

Cleveland Center, 108, 125, 150–52, 156, 170, 171, 181

cockpit safety notice, 104

confusion and failed communications, 119–27, 131–35, 141, 142, 156–57, 181–86, 443

Domestic Events Network, 186

ground stop, 103–4, 123, 134–35, 136, 148, 174, 183, 185–86

Indianapolis Center, 106–8, 131, 133–34

New York Center, 81–84, 86, 90–91, 103–4, 108

no-fly list, 132

post-9/11, 443–44

security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16

United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking and, 149–89, 384–85

United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking and, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

Washington Center, 106, 141–42, 182–83

See also specific air traffic controllers

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), xxi, 25, 27, 86, 133, 135, 139, 343, 358, 386, 393, 395, 397, 428, 430, 444

failure to identify terrorists, 27

Federal Register, 42

Feehan, William, 458

Felt, Edward, 114, 167, 188, 385

Fern, Richard, 450

ferries, 352–53, 414

ferry terminal, 352

Fiduciary Trust Company, 207–8, 274, 287, 452

fighter jets, 20–21, 68, 69, 71–73, 80, 95, 96, 103–6, 111, 118, 128, 136–37, 142–43, 146–47, 156, 172–73, 181–86, 189, 291, 381, 421

F-15, 21, 71–73, 80, 95, 96, 103–6, 118, 249, 291

F-16, 21, 69, 104–6, 128, 136–37, 142–43, 146–47, 156, 172–73, 381

Filipov, Alexander, 35

Financial District, 219, 220, 231, 251

fingerprints, 279, 444, 451

fireboats, 359

Fire Department of the City of New York. See FDNY

fireproofing, World Trade Center, 223–24, 226, 238, 276

first responders. See EMTs; FDNY; NYPD; paramedics; Port Authority Police; specific responders

Fiumano, Fred, 166

Five World Trade Center, 258, 346, 353, 355

Flagg, Darlene “Dee,” 99–100, 145

Flagg, Wilson “Bud,” 99–100, 145, 314

Fleischer, Ari, 139

Flick, Merle, 389

Flight 93 Ambassadors program, 445

flight paths, map of, xvi

flight schools, 25, 26, 27, 58, 104, 133, 151, 171

Flocco, Matthew, 436

Flocco, Michael, 436

Florida, 15, 17, 28, 137–39, 383

Booker Elementary School, 138, 139, 147, 383

flight schools, 26, 171

Folger, Jane C., 188

Foodim, Anne, 273

Foreign Affairs, 5

Four World Trade Center, 335

Fox, James, 72, 184

Fraser, Colleen, 115, 188

Fred Alger Management, 257

Fredericks, Andrew, 350, 361, 459

Freedom Tower, xviii–xix, 431

Freund, Pete, 199, 256, 459

Friedenreich, Harry, 208

Frontline, 5

Fuji Bank, 206, 267, 270–71, 274, 280, 329

Fuller, Mahlon, 170

funeral homes, 386

 

Gabriel, Richard, 101

Gaeta, Gerry, 254, 296–99, 301, 346, 400

Gamboa, Ronald, 51, 275

Ganci, Peter, Jr., 256, 458

Gander, Newfoundland, 186

Garcia, Andrew “Sonny,” 115, 167, 187, 395

Garcia, Dorothy, 167, 395

Garment District, 335

Gentul, Alayne, 206–8, 273–74, 275, 287–88, 343, 451–52

Gentul, Alex, 207, 208, 452

Gentul, Jack, 206, 207, 208, 273, 287–88, 343

post-9/11 life, 451–52

Gentul, Robbie, 207, 208, 452

George, Linda, 37

Geraghty, Ed, 336, 342

Germany, 23–24

Ghamdi, Ahmed al-, 58–59

Ghamdi, Hamza al-, 58–59

Ghamdi, Saeed al-, 117, 151, 152, 169, 173, 176–80

Gibson, Charles, 91–92

Giuliani, Rudy, 201, 244, 256, 460

response to 9/11 attacks, 244, 413

Glen Ridge, New Jersey, 418

Glessner, Donna, 387, 445, 446

Glick, Emerson, 113

Glick, Jeremy, 113, 161–63, 175, 187, 384

Glick, Lyz, 113, 161–63, 175

Gofer 06, 140–41, 142, 180–81

Golinski, Ronald, 437

Gomez, Manny, Jr., 271, 329, 450

Gonzalez, Nydia, 61–63, 75–78

Good Morning America, 91

Goodwin, James, 119

Gordenstein, Lisa Fenn, 37

Gore, Al, 132

Gould, Kristin Osterholm White, 188

Grandcolas, Jack, 165

Grandcolas, Lauren, 115, 165, 188

Grant, Regina, 312, 326, 327, 363–65, 367, 369, 370, 373, 441

Greater Pittsburgh International Airport, 170, 394

Green, Wanda, 115–16, 152, 188

Greene, Donald, 115, 187

Greenwich Street, 338

Greenwich Village, 249

Grogan, Reverend Francis, 52, 93, 275

Gronlund, Linda, 114, 165, 188

Ground Zero, xviii, 438, 456

illnesses related to, 428, 448, 460

memorial, 431, 433

Grunewald, Robert, 312, 313, 321, 364, 365, 368, 373, 441

Guadagno, Richard, 115, 187, 395

Guantanamo Bay, 428, 434, 439

Gulf War (1990–91), 19, 56, 214, 377, 378

guns, 40

 

Hackel, Allan, 38, 419, 420, 457

Hall, Vaswald George, 239, 240, 448

Hamburg, Germany, 23–24, 25

Hamilton, Alexander, 339

handicapped evacuees, 299, 300–301, 361, 400–407, 411–18

Hanjour, Hani, 26, 27, 28, 103, 135, 144–45, 314

Hanson, Christine, 13–14, 49, 52, 84, 92, 93, 275, 433–35

Hanson, Eunice, 13, 14, 49–50, 52, 84–85, 91, 92, 93, 275

post-9/11 life of, 433–35

Hanson, Lee, 13, 14, 49–50, 51, 84–85, 89–91, 92, 93, 275

post-9/11 life of, 433–35

Hanson, Peter, 12–14, 49–50, 52, 84–85, 87, 89–90, 91, 93, 275, 433–35

Hanson, Sue Kim, 12–14, 49–50, 52, 84, 93, 275, 433–35

Happy Hooligans, 105

Haring, Tom, 414

Harris, Josephine, 400–401, 403–7, 411–18, 457–61

death of, 460

post-9/11 life, 457–60

Hartling, John, 73

Hatton, Terry, 256, 290, 459

Hayden, Peter, 256–57, 259, 290, 300, 359, 418

Hayden, Ray, 242, 243

Hayes, Timothy, 264–65

Hazmi, Nawaf al-, 26–27, 102, 103, 132

Hazmi, Salem al-, 102, 103

Haznawi, Ahmed al-, 116, 117, 163

heart attacks, 356, 359

Heidenberger, Michele, 101

Heidenberger, Thomas, 101

Henanway, Ronald, 437

Henson, Jerry, 215, 309–11, 319–20, 324–25, 327, 362–63, 365–67, 370–72, 374, 381, 440–41

post-9/11 life, 440–41

rescued by Dave Tarantino, 370–72, 438, 441

Henson, Kathy, 310–11, 441

Henson, Kelly, 441

Heymann, Esther, 166, 187

hijackers, 25–30, 58–59, 110–12, 428

of American Airlines Flight 11, 39–43, 60–80, 110–11, 163, 235

of American Airlines Flight 77, 102–3, 110, 128–29, 132, 135, 144–45, 314, 316

day before 9/11, 25–30

element of surprise, 111

flight training, 25, 26, 27, 58, 104, 133, 151, 171, 396

human remains of, 396–97, 444

“Last Night” instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395

martyrdom, 29–30, 110

methods and timing, 111

multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

planning of 9/11 attacks, 25–30, 110, 174

of United Airlines Flight 93, 116–18, 149–68, 169–89, 385, 392, 395, 396–97, 444, 445

of United Airlines Flight 175, 58–59, 83–91, 110–11, 274–75

See also specific hijackers

hijacking, 19, 40

code words, 104, 123, 156

flight crew training for, 74–75

“traditional” approach, 66, 71, 73, 75, 108, 111, 130–31

See also specific hijackings

Hindenburg, 1937 crash of, 92

Hoboken, New Jersey, 226, 353, 413

Hoey, Pat, 253, 299–300, 405

Hoglan, Alice, 160–61

Holland, Cora Hidalgo, 34–35, 79

Homer, LeRoy, Jr., 116, 118, 120–22, 124, 125, 149–51, 157, 169, 174, 188, 395

Homer, Melodie, 120–22, 124, 125, 395

Hoover, Barry, 394, 396

Horrocks, Michael, 50–51, 73–74, 87, 92, 123

House of Representatives, U.S., 170

Howell, Tom, 136

Howland, Lynn, 42

Hudson River, 27, 65, 80, 197, 223, 225, 226, 232, 270, 278, 359, 400, 408, 413

human remains, 256, 279, 294, 318, 358, 394

DNA identification of, 279, 396–97, 431, 433, 444, 451, 456

of hijackers, 396–97, 444

Pentagon, 316, 318, 323, 380, 437, 439

post-9/11 families and, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456

Shanksville, 392, 393–94, 396–97, 444

Huxtable, Ada Louise, 221

 

ID badges, 395, 449

illnesses, 9/11-related, 428, 448, 460

immigration, 11, 118, 204, 332

Indianapolis Center, 106–8, 131, 133–34

instruction letter, of hijackers, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395

Iran, 92

Iraq, 19, 56

Iraq War, 2, 53, 116, 427, 439

Ireland, 454, 456

Islam, 23, 153, 171, 438

Israel, 2, 24, 74, 137

 

Jack, Bryan, 100, 145

Jarrah, Ziad, 22, 24, 26, 27, 28–29, 41, 58, 117, 151–57, 161, 169–72, 174, 176–80, 395, 445

Jefferson, Lisa, 164, 175–76

Jersey City, 197, 234

Jerusalem, 2

Jet A fuel, 33–34

JFK International Airport, 75, 96, 121, 185, 456

jihad, xxii, 24

Johnson, Dennis, 325

Joint Chiefs of Staff, 381

Joint Task Force Guantanamo, 439

Jonas, Jay, 197–99, 228, 234, 248–51, 255–64, 289–91, 300–301, 306, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–418, 457–61

post-9/11 life, 457–61

as Stairwell B survivor, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61

Jonas, Judy, 197, 250, 458

Jones, Bob, 65

Jordan, 74

Judaism, 24, 361, 456

Judge, Father Mychal, xxi, 244, 359

jumpers. See fallers and jumpers

Justice Department, U.S., 130

 

Kalahasti, Prasanna, 433

Kaplan, Robin, 37

Kara, Miles, xxiii

Kawauchi, Hideya, 271, 450

Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, 333

Kelly, Robert, 389

Kelty, Eugene “Jack,” 242

Kenya, American embassy bombing in, 2, 4

Keyton, Lori, 130

Khobar Towers, 1996 bombing of, 4

Khomeini, Ayatollah Ruhollah, 52, 92–93

King, Amy, 52, 93, 275

King, Martin Luther, Jr., 436

King, Rick, 217, 388–89, 391, 392, 393, 394

King Kong (film), 225–26

Knisley, Toni, 129

knives, used by hijackers, 26, 29, 40, 41, 58, 59, 75–77, 89–90, 102, 110–11, 130, 152, 163, 395

Knoblauch, Karl, 379

Komorowski, Matt, 248, 252, 255, 407, 408, 410, 411, 413, 461

Kopytko, Scott, 199, 228, 336, 342, 459

Kross, Mickey, 411, 415

Kuge, Toshiya, 114, 187

Kuwait, 19

Kyte, Angela, 200, 228, 229, 235, 399, 449

 

Langley Air Force Base, 21, 104, 105, 136, 137, 143, 146, 156, 172, 182, 184, 185

Larsen, Scott, 342

“The Last Night” instruction letter, 29–30, 43, 59, 117, 154, 180, 395

last rites, 348, 377

Leavey, Joe, 337, 342

Lebanon, 24, 116, 117

LeBlanc, Andrea, 53–55, 92

post-9/11 life, 435–36

LeBlanc, Robert, 53–55, 92, 275, 435–36

Lee, Daniel, 34, 79

Lee, Dong Chul, 101

Lemay, Dorry, 429

LeRoy, Lauren, 116

LeRoy, Melodie, 116

“Let’s Roll” counterattack, 175–80, 187–88, 384, 392, 444, 445

LeValley, David, 428

Levin, Alisha, 271, 450

Lewin, Daniel, 38–39, 43, 76, 77, 79, 111, 163

Lewis, Bernard, 5–6

Lewis, Charles, 311, 319, 320, 325, 327, 362

Lewis, Jennifer, 101–2

Lewis, Ken, 101–2

Liberty Street, 281, 292, 335, 338, 418

Lillis, Christian, 449

Lillo, Carlos, 201–4, 229, 231, 234, 247, 252, 293–94, 304, 305, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 410, 421, 452–54

Lillo, Cecilia, 201–4, 229, 231, 235, 247, 252–53, 294, 299, 304–5, 353–55, 401–3, 452–54, 459

post-9/11 life, 452–54

Lillo, Sandra, 203

Lim, David, 263, 411, 415, 417, 459

Lim, Diane, 415

Lin, Carol, 85–86

lock release order, 306

Logan International Airport, xx, 9, 31–34, 39–40, 42–45, 55, 63, 65, 67, 111, 117, 420

Lohr, Rick, 391

London, 1, 74, 118

Long, Steven, 325

Lord’s Prayer, 164, 291, 454

Los Angeles, 10, 11, 12, 34, 35, 50, 52, 58, 59, 94, 97, 185

Low, Sara, 45, 67, 77

Lower Manhattan, evacuation of, 413–14

Lower Manhattan, map of, xiii

Lyles, CeeCee, 16–18, 109–10, 115, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 384, 395, 432

Lyles, Lorne, 17–18, 109–10, 165–66, 167–68, 187, 432

Lynch, James T., 437

 

Mace, 29, 43, 75, 89, 130

MacKay, Doug, 27, 79

MacKay, Susan, 37, 79–80

Maffeo, Andrea, 301–2, 420–21, 422–23, 455

Maffeo, Frances, 302, 420, 423, 455

Maffeo, Jennieann, 232, 246, 261, 291–92, 301–2, 348–49, 352, 420, 422–23, 454–57

death of, 455–56

Maffeo, Sam, 455

Maggett, Steve, 258

Maher, Bill, 16, 94

Makely, JoAnne, 161–62

man in the red bandana, xxi, 277, 330, 337, 342

Marchand, Alfred, 52–53, 93

Marcin, Hilda, 114, 188

Marine Corps, U.S., 322, 438, 439

Marino, Kenneth, 256, 459

Marquis, Craig, 62

Marr, Robert, 71, 72, 73, 94, 96, 105, 128, 184

Marrero, José, 330, 451

Marriott World Trade Center, 219, 225, 232, 233, 246–48, 291–93, 420, 454, 456

Marsh & McLennan, 200, 228, 257, 399, 409, 449

Martin, Karen, 44, 45, 75

Martinez, Robert Gabriel, 338, 342

Martinez, Waleska, 114, 166, 188

Maude, Timothy, 311, 312, 313, 442

Maxfield, Betty, 312, 368, 369, 373, 441

May, Nancy, 128–29

May, Renée, 101, 128–29, 131, 146, 314

May, Ron, 128–29

McCourt, David, 194, 419, 455, 456–57

McCourt, Juliana, 51, 92, 194, 195, 275, 419, 420, 454–57

McCourt, Ruth Clifford, 38, 51, 194–95, 275, 348, 418–20, 454–57

McDermott, Terry, Perfect Soldiers, xxii

McGinn, William “Billy,” 199, 249, 459

McGlynn, Jim, 411, 413, 415

McGovern, William, 405

McGraw, Father Stephen, 143–44, 376–77, 438

McGuinness, Thomas, Jr., 34, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76

McKinnon, William, 379

McNair, Philip, 312, 313, 321, 368, 369, 370, 373, 441

media, 4–6, 186

cameramen, 357–58

early reports on 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409

failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 4–6

9/11 families and, 434, 436, 445, 447, 449, 453, 455, 459–60

on Pentagon, 381

on South Tower collapse, 341

See also specific publications and networks; television

Meldrum, Mike, 248, 250, 251, 252, 255, 291, 410, 411, 415, 461

Melendez-Perez, José E., 118

memorials, 9/11, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446

Mexico, 55

Meyers, Daniel, 386

Miami, 17

Mihdhar, Khalid al-, 26–27, 102, 103, 132

Miklaszewski, Jim, 383

Millennium Hotel, 347, 358, 401

Miller, John, 5

Miller, Nicole Carol, 188

Miller, Wally, 217–18, 386, 389–91, 393–94, 397, 344

post-9/11 life, 444–45

Miller, Wilbur, 389, 390, 393

Miller, Wilma, 390

Miller Funeral Home, 390

Minter, Vanessa, 61, 62

missiles, 2, 105–6, 132, 172

“Missing” posters, 421, 428

Mohammed, Khalid Sheikh, 25, 26, 27, 427–28

capture and torture of, 427–28

Mojica, Dennis, 256, 459

Moncherry, Alwish, 410

Monroe, New York, 448

Moqed, Majed, 102, 103

Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co., 224, 272–73, 336, 342

Morrell, Mike, 137

Morris, Odessa, 312, 442

Morrone, Fred, 304–5, 459

Morse code, 351

Motorola radios, 259

Moussaoui, Zacarias, xxi, 133, 435

trial of, 435, 457

movies, 225–26

Mueller, Robert, 139

Muhammad, Prophet, 1

Mulligan, Peter, 90

multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

Murray, Ray, 258–59

Murray Street, 276

Murtagh, Sean, 85–86

Muslim Brotherhood, 23

Muslims, 1–2, 23–30, 54, 153, 171, 427, 438

 

Nacke, Louis “Joey” II, 113–14, 187, 396

Nairobi, American embassy bombing in, 2

names of 9/11 victims, list, of, 463–98

Nami, Ahmed al-, 117

Napoleon Bonaparte, 1

Nash, Daniel, 71, 72, 103, 106, 291

Nasypany, Dana, 19, 22

Nasypany, Kevin, 19–22, 69–72, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–43, 146–47, 155–56, 172–73, 181–85, 442

post-9/11 life, 443–44

National Geographic Society, 98

National Military Command Center, 68

National Park Service, 445, 446

National September 11 Memorial & Museum, New York, 431, 433, 438, 449, 450, 463

list of names, 463–98

Reflection Room, 431

Navy, U.S., 56, 210, 214, 215, 309, 310, 322, 323, 381, 438, 439

Navy and Marine Corps Medal for Heroism, 438

Navy SEALs, U.S., 427, 434

NBC, 258, 383, 459

coverage of 9/11 attacks, 383

Nevins, Gerry, 256, 289, 459

Newark, New Jersey, 16, 18, 28, 29, 30, 109, 116

Newark International Airport, 16, 18, 109–10, 116–18, 174

Newsweek magazine, 453

New York, USS, 439

New York Center, 81–84, 86, 90–91, 103–4, 108

New York City, 65, 68, 74, 78, 79, 85, 88

ban on flights, 103–4, 123, 185

Building Code, 223–24

construction of World Trade Center, 220–25

evacuations, 170, 413–14

Islamic cultural center proposal at Ground Zero, 438

Lower Manhattan evacuation order, 413–14

medical examiner’s office, 431, 433, 456

“Missing” posters, 421, 428

9/11 attacks, see North Tower; South Tower

9/11 memorials, 431, 433

post-9/11, 428, 431, 438

See also specific buildings and streets

New York Fire Patrol, 459

New York Giants, xviii–xix

New York Harbor, xvii, 232, 274

New York Housing Authority, 219

New York Police Department. See NYPD

New York Post, 198

New York State Department of Taxation, 277

New York Stock Exchange, 206, 344, 345

New York Times, xvii, xxiii, 4–5, 221, 444

New York Waterway, 232

Nicosia, Kathy, 33, 44, 45, 77

9/11:

aftermath, xx, 186, 425–61

airport security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16

American Airlines Flight 11 hijacking, 45–48, 60–80, 94–96, 111, 119, 126–28, 163, 186, 235–39

American Airlines Flight 77 hijacking, 106–8, 120, 126–48, 186

Bush’s response to, 106, 137–40, 147–48, 155, 183, 187–89, 383, 421, 427, 443

Cheney’s shootdown order, 183–86

choice of day for attack, 27–28

communication failures on the ground, 259–65, 269–73, 306, 331–33, 359–61, 405, 443

confusion and missed opportunities, 4–6, 27, 63–65, 86–87, 94–95, 111, 119–28, 131–35, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 259–65, 269–73, 331–33, 405, 443

day before, 9–30, 193–208

dust cloud, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9

early media reports, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409

element of surprise, 111

events in the air, xx, 7–189

events on the ground, xx, 191–423

FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 330, 333–41, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423

ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

human remains, 256, 294, 316, 318, 380, 396, 431, 433, 437, 439, 444, 453, 456

immediate aftermath of North Tower crash, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61

immediate aftermath of Pentagon crash, 316–28, 362–82

immediate aftermath of Shanksville crash, 386–97

immediate aftermath of South Tower crash, 274–88, 329–41

list of victims’ names, 463–98

map of flight paths, xvi

map of impact on Pentagon, xv

map of impact on World Trade Center, xiv

memorials, 431, 433, 434, 445, 446

multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

nationwide ground stop, 134–36, 148

NEADS response, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291

North Tower collapse, 408–10

North Tower hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–78

NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 280–83, 293–94, 405, 459

Pentagon hit by plane, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16

planned by al-Qaeda, 25–30, 110, 174

Shanksville plane crash and wreckage, 179–81, 184, 385–97

South Tower collapse, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449

South Tower hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293

timeline of key events, 499–500

United Airlines Flight 93 hijacking, 149–89, 384–85

United Airlines Flight 175 hijacking, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

U.S. government failure to anticipate, 3–6

See also specific planes and locations

9/11 Commission, xxiii, 438

Final Report, xxiii

9/11 Families for a Safe & Strong America, 438

9/11 Memorial, New York, 431, 433, 438, 439, 450

list of names, 463–98

1993 World Trade Center bombing, 4, 25, 86, 196, 202, 205, 220, 226, 240, 245, 247, 248, 252, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 290, 296, 299, 332, 353, 404, 431

9-1-1 emergency call system, xix, 28, 159, 160, 161, 162, 167, 230, 237, 262, 306, 331–33, 429

calls from South Tower, 280–83, 331–33, 338, 339–41

chaos in system, 331–33

Shanksville, 385–89, 391

NORDO, 45–48

North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD), 19, 20, 68–69, 72, 157, 184, 185, 186

North Cove Yacht Harbor, 226–27

Northeast Air Defense Sector (NEADS), 19–22, 68–73, 157, 185, 186, 443

confusion and communication failures, 119–27, 141, 142, 146, 156–57, 181–86, 443

Domestic Events Network, 186

post-9/11, 443–44

response to 9/11 hijackings, 68–73, 94–97, 103–6, 118, 126–28, 136–37, 141–44, 146–47, 155–57, 172–73, 181–86, 291

Northeastern University, 434

North Tower, xx, 79–80, 225

10th floor, 406

12th floor, 416

19th floor, 404

27th floor, 349, 350, 359, 361

44th floor, 411

64th floor, 252, 294, 299, 300, 405

76th floor, 297

77th floor, 297, 298

78th floor sky lobby, 297, 304

83rd floor, 259

88th floor, 196, 227, 234, 239–41, 253–55, 295–97, 448

90th floor, 297

92nd floor, 237

93rd floor, 257, 268

98th floor, 404

99th floor, 200, 228, 236, 399

104th floor, 404, 455

106th floor, 237, 258

antenna, 225, 352

broken windows, 258

burn victims, 239–41, 245–46, 255, 291–92, 298, 301, 305, 346–48, 352, 420, 422–23, 447, 455

casualties, 237, 242, 256, 294, 417, 428

collapse of, 408–10

communications failures, 259–65, 306, 359–61, 405

construction of, 220–25, 254

day before attacks, 195–204

dust cloud, 408–9

elevators, 236–38, 247–48, 259, 295, 296, 302–4, 350–52, 398–99, 408, 409, 413

evacuees, 255, 257, 260–61, 294–306, 346–61, 398–418

fallers and jumpers, xx, 251, 260–61, 263–64, 268, 292, 294, 349, 352, 374

FDNY response, 241–44, 248–52, 255–64, 289–91, 293–94, 298–301, 306, 335, 336, 349–51, 359–61, 400–423

fire, 85–86, 95, 120, 155, 238–41, 247, 249–57, 260–65, 404–5, 407

ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68

hours before plane crash, 219–35

immediate aftermath of assault, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61

impact zone and damage, 236–39, 276

lobby, 245, 246, 255–56, 260, 289, 300, 306, 346–48, 351, 353, 354, 359, 399, 457

lock release order, 306

map of impact on, xiv

messages to loved ones from, 237

NYPD response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405

Port Authority response, 253, 254, 257–59, 262–65, 299–300, 305, 353, 405

public address system, 260, 261

radio calls for help, 254, 257–58, 259–60

reserve capacity, 237–38

rooftop rescues ruled out, 260, 306, 332

secondary effects of crash, 238–65, 266–75

Security Command Center, 306

sprinkler system, 251

Stairwell B survivors, 349–51, 359–61, 407–18, 457–61

stairwells, 237, 238, 253, 254, 258–61, 264, 276, 291–306, 349–50, 359–61, 405–18

Norton, Jacqueline, 34

Norton, Robert, 34, 79

nuclear power plants, 150

nuclear weapons, 308

Nunez, Evelyn, 67

NYPD, 155, 260, 332, 458

casualties, 342–43, 428, 459

communication failures, 405

Emergency Service Unit, 263

helicopters, 405

1993 WTC bombing rescues, 332

North Tower response, 260, 263–65, 293–94, 405

rivalry with FDNY, 260

South Tower response, 280–83, 335

See also specific officers

 

O’Brien, Danielle, 106, 135–36

O’Brien, Steven, 140–42, 146, 180–81

Oelschlager, Doug, 199, 228, 336, 342, 459

Offutt Air Force Base, 188

Ogonowski, Caroline, 10, 79

Ogonowski, John, 9–12, 31–34, 37, 44, 45, 46, 48, 60, 75, 76, 79, 435

Ogonoswki, Laura, 9, 10, 79

Ogonowski, Mary, 10, 79

Ogonowski, Peg, 9–12, 31, 33, 79

post-9/11 life, 435

Oklahoma City bombing (1995), 315

Olaes, Dalisay, 312, 368, 369, 441, 442

Olender, Christine, 257–58

Oliver, Darrell, 375–76

Olson, Barbara, 14–16, 94, 97, 130–31, 145, 314, 432

Olson, Ted, 15–16, 94, 130–31, 145, 432

Omari, Abdulaziz al-, 28, 30, 39–44, 76

O’Neill, John, xxi, 343

One World Trade Center, xviii, 431

Ong, Betty, 32–33, 45, 60–63, 65, 66, 74–79, 90, 103, 118, 188

Oppenheimer Funds, 331

Orlando International Airport, 118

Ortiz, Pablo, 296

Otis Air National Guard Base, 21, 68, 69, 71, 72, 80, 95, 96, 104, 118, 185, 291

Otis Elevator Company, 208, 222

Ottoman Empire, 1, 28

 

Pakistan, 1, 25, 46, 427

raid on bin Laden compound, 427

Palmer, Orio, 199, 259–60, 290, 335–38, 339, 342, 459

Pandolfo, Dominique, 200, 228, 449

paramedics, 202–4, 231, 246, 255, 293–94, 346, 353, 355–56, 401–3, 417, 452–54, 459

post-9/11, 452–54

See also specific paramedics

Paris, 226

passports, 26, 39

PATH train, 227, 257, 355, 413

PBS, 5

Pearl Harbor, attack on, xix, 127, 189, 310, 322

Pecchinenda, Al, 198

Penn Station, 335

Pennsylvania Turnpike, 388

Pentagon, 68, 135, 144–46, 211, 307–28, 436–43

AE Drive, 308, 316, 318, 320, 322–28, 362, 367, 369–73, 376

A Ring, 308, 365

B Ring, 308

burn victims, 316, 365, 368, 373, 376–77, 438, 443

casualties, 315, 316, 428, 436–38, 441–42

Center Court, 308, 372, 374

C Ring, 308, 312, 316, 318, 323, 324, 326, 327, 372

day before attacks, 209–15

design of, 307–8

D ring, 308, 309, 311, 316

E Ring, 308, 311, 313–17, 320, 321, 325, 380, 442

evacuees and rescuers, 316–28, 362–82

fallers and jumpers, 318

fire, 314–17, 320, 323, 325–27, 364–68, 371, 372, 376–77

hit by plane, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 311, 313–16

hours before attack, 308–14

human remains, 316, 318, 323, 380, 437, 439

immediate aftermath of plane assault, 316–28, 362–82

impact zone and damage, 188, 314–16, 319, 320

last person rescued from, 372

map of impact on, xv

media on, 381

Navy Command Center, 309, 310, 319, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 360, 371, 374, 376, 440

Phoenix Project repairs, 436

post-9/11, 436–43

sprinkler system, 315, 327

Wedge One, 308, 311, 315–16, 317, 328, 368, 375, 380, 381, 436

Wedge Two, 315

Perez, Nancy, 229, 253, 294, 305, 353, 354, 401, 453

Perkins, Anthony, 35

Peterson, Donald, 114–15, 188, 396

Peterson, Jean, 114–15, 188, 396

Petit, Philippe, 225, 306

Petrone-Hatton, Beth, 256

Petrovich, Michael, 312, 368, 369, 441

Pfeifer, Joseph, 243, 244, 257, 259–60, 261, 289, 359, 459

Pfeifer, Kevin, 257, 459

photographers, 9/11, 348, 359

Picciotto, Rich, 404, 411, 413, 414, 415

Pincus, Walter, 5

Planes Operation, 25–30, 174

choice of day, 27–28

cost of, 28

See also hijackers

Ploger, Robert Riis III, 100, 145

Ploger, Zandra, 100, 145

Pluta, Paula, 385–86

Politically Incorrect with Bill Maher, 16, 94

Pollio, Susan, 268, 451

Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, 196–97, 202, 220, 223, 224, 225, 227, 234, 259, 353, 398, 448

construction of World Trade Center and, 220–25

evacuation order, 262

North Tower response, 253, 254, 257–59, 262–65, 299–300, 305, 353, 405

remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299–300, 333

South Tower response, 262, 269–71, 299

Port Authority Police Department, 257–59, 262–63, 269–71, 299–300, 305, 405, 410, 458

casualties, 459

Portland, Maine, 30, 39–40, 42

Portland International Airport, 39–40

posters, “Missing,” 421, 428

post-9/11 era, 427–61

post-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSD), 448, 456

Potomac River, 307

Powell, Craig, 318, 322, 362–63, 366–67, 370, 371, 372, 438

Powell, Jeremy, 69

Praimnath, Jenny, 206, 267, 280, 286, 331, 344, 449

Praimnath, Stan, 204–6, 267, 269–71, 274, 275, 279–80, 285–87, 319–31, 334–39, 343–45

post-9/11 life, 449–51

Presidential Emergency Operations Center, 136

prostitution, 28

Prunty, Richard, 413, 415, 417, 457, 459

Punches, Jack, 213–15, 310–11, 319–20, 325, 327, 367, 371, 372, 440, 441

Punches, Janice, 214, 215, 311, 320, 440

Punches, Jennifer, 213, 214, 310, 440

Punches, Jeremy, 214, 215, 310, 440

Puopolo, Sonia, 37–38, 77, 432–33

Purple Heart, 441

 

Queens, New York, 205, 230, 247, 293, 350, 401, 454

Queens-Midtown Tunnel, 293

Quran, 1, 29, 30

Qutb, Sayyid, 1

 

radar, 20, 21, 22, 46–48, 69, 94, 123, 126

FAA, 46–48, 72, 107–8, 150, 156, 157, 170

military, 68–73, 143, 182

Randazzo, Gaspere, 422, 423

Rasmussen, Rhonda, 437

Reagan National Airport, 108, 129, 135, 136, 140, 142, 146, 174

Reiss, Alan, 253, 254, 255, 295–96

religion, 54, 164, 279, 286, 288, 291, 311, 359, 376–77, 396, 427

last rites, 348, 377

Lord’s Prayer, 164, 291, 454

repeater system, 259–60

Rescorla, Rick, xxi, 272–73, 336, 342

Retik, David, 37, 77

Retik, Susan, 37

Reuters, 359

Rice, Condoleezza, 138, 139

Riches, Jim, 458

Riches, Jimmy, 458, 459

Rivera, Joseph, 356

Riyadh, 2

Roger, Jean, 45, 77

Rohan, Glenn, 416, 417

rooftop rescues, impossibility of, 260, 306, 332

Rose, Tony, 364–65, 373, 441

Ross, Carrie, 18

Ross, Donald K., 322

Ross, Richard, 37, 77

Ross, USS, 322

Roth, Julie Sweeney, 56–57, 88, 92, 274, 432

Rothenberg, Mark “Mickey,” 112, 117, 163, 188

Rountree, Stacia, 95–96, 172

Rove, Karl, 138, 139

Rumsfeld, Donald, 147–48, 184–85, 380–81, 436–37

Russia, 20, 21, 24, 184, 307

Ruth, William, 378, 379, 437

 

Sadler, Winston, 61, 62

St. Paul’s Chapel, 293, 347, 348

St. Peter’s Church, 359

St. Vincent’s Hospital, 348, 356, 359, 410, 447

San Diego, 27

Sandler, O’Neill & Partners, 342

San Francisco, 33, 87, 110, 120, 159, 170, 175

Saracini, Victor, 50–51, 73–74, 81–83, 87, 92, 123

Sarasota, Florida, 137–39, 147, 383

Saudi Arabia, 2, 4–5, 19, 26, 27, 58, 116, 118, 214

1995 Riyadh car bombing, 2

1996 Khobar Towers bombing, 4

Saudi National Guard, 2

Sawyer, Diane, 91–92

Schindler’s List (movie), 456

Schippani, Jon, 65

Schmidt, Karen, 283

Schroeder, Carl, “Christine’s Lullaby,” 434

Schumacher, Robert, 140

Scoggins, Colin, 70–71, 95–96, 127

Scott, Randy, 279, 451

SEAL Team Six, 427, 434

Sears Tower, Chicago, 170, 225

Seattle, 170

Secret Service, 136, 137–39, 147, 183, 417

security, airport, 39–43, 59, 116–17

CAPPS system, 40, 102, 116

carry-on bags, 41, 43

checked bags, 40–41, 42–43, 103, 117

procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16

See also specific airports and flights

Senate, U.S., 170

Senate Armed Services Committee, 381

Sengün, Aysel, 28–29, 117

September Eleventh Families for Peaceful Tomorrows, 436

Serpe, Anita, 253, 255

Serva, Christina, 213

Serva, Marian, 213, 311, 313, 326, 369, 441–42

Seven World Trade Center, collapse of, 417

Shaeffer, Kevin, 376

Shaffer, Adam, 216, 446

Shaffer, Ben, 216

Shaffer, Kathie, 216–18, 387–88, 397, 445–46

post-9/11 life, 445–46

Shaffer, Rebecca, 216

Shaffer, Terry, 216–18, 387–88, 391–97, 445–46

post-9/11 life, 445–46

Shahada, 171

Shanksville, Pennsylvania, 180, 216, 217, 383–97, 428

coroners, 386, 389–91, 393–94

crash site and wreckage, 389–97, 444

day before crash, 216–18

Diamond T site, 386, 388, 393–96

emergency response, 386–97

hours before crash, 383–85

human remains, 392, 393–94, 396–97, 444

immediate aftermath of plane crash, 386–97

9-1-1 calls, 385–89, 391

post-9/11, 445–46

tourism, 445

United Airlines Flight 93 crashes into, 179–81, 184, 385–89

Shanksville Volunteer Fire Department, 216, 386–97, 445, 446

response to United Airlines Flight 93 crash, 386–97

Sharon, Ariel, 27

Shehhi, Marwan al-, 24, 26, 27, 28, 41, 58, 88, 275

Shehri, Mohand al-, 58

Shehri, Wail al-, 43, 75, 77

Shehri, Waleed al-, 43, 75, 77

Shelton, Hugh, 381

Shepley, Jim, 383–85, 386

Shepley, Linda, 383–85, 386

Sherman, Antoinette “Toni,” 377, 438

Silverstein Properties, 197, 240

Sirius (dog), 263, 411, 415, 459

“Six Lives” (Zuckoff), xx–xxi, xxiii

Six World Trade Center, 355

Slen, Peter, 14–15

Sliney, Ben, 134–35, 148, 183, 185, 443

Smith, Dorene, 253, 297, 298, 301, 346, 347, 348

Smith, Moira, 342–43

Smith, Monica Rodriguez, 196, 220

Smithsonian Institution, 9/11 objects in collection of, 438–39

Snyder, Christine Ann, 188

Snyder, Dianne, 45, 77

Soldier’s Medal, 441

Somalia, 2, 116

“Black Hawk Down” shootdown, 2

Somerset County Airport, 384

Somerset County Emergency Management Agency, 391

Somerset County Hospital, 387

Sopper, Mari-Rae, 98, 146

Soriano, Delis, 267, 270, 450

South Tower, xviii, 204, 225, 262

31st floor, 330

44th floor, 330, 331

68th floor, 451

73rd floor, 333, 336

74th floor, 330, 336

76th floor, 336

77th floor, 333

78th floor sky lobby, 267, 270, 272, 273, 277, 287, 330, 336–38, 342, 450

79th floor, 334, 339

80th floor, 329, 334

81st floor, 205, 267, 270, 271, 274, 275, 279–80, 284, 285, 450

82nd floor, 285

83rd floor, 280–83

84th floor, 266, 268, 269, 275, 278–79, 330

88th floor, 333

90th floor, 273

91st floor, 332, 450

92nd floor, 262

97th floor, 273, 274, 275, 287, 343

99th floor, 233, 339, 455

105th floor, 332, 339

burn victims, 277, 337, 450

calls to loved ones from, 287–88

casualties, 277, 333, 337, 341–43, 360, 428, 450–51

collapse of, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449

communication failures, 269–73, 331–33

construction of, 220–25

day before attacks, 204–8

dust cloud, 343–44, 354–59

elevators, 268, 273, 276, 277, 337–38

evacuees, 266–74, 277–88, 329–45

fallers and jumpers, 333, 338, 451

fire, 91, 120, 155, 276–81, 286, 288, 330, 334, 337, 339, 341

hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293

immediate aftermath of assault, 274–88, 329–41

impact zone and damage, 275–76, 334

lobby, 270, 335, 342

man in the red bandana, xxi, 277, 330, 337, 342

map of impact on, xiv

near breaking point, 334

9-1-1 calls, 280–83, 331–33, 338, 339–41

North Tower crash and, 266–74

NYPD response, 280–83, 335

optional evacuation order, 271, 277

Port Authority response, 262, 269–71, 299

public address system, 269, 271

remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299, 333

sprinkler system, 288

Stairwell A access, 276, 279, 280, 284, 329, 330, 332, 333, 334, 337

stairwells, 268, 269, 276, 277–80, 284, 329–37, 359–61

Soviet Union, fall of, 20

Spadafora, Ronald, 428

Spain, 27

Sphere, The (sculpture), 334

“squawk” alert, 104, 156

stairwells, 223–24, 226

North Tower, 237, 238, 253, 254, 258–61, 264, 276, 291–306, 349–50, 405–18

South Tower, 268, 269, 276, 277–80, 284, 329–37

State Department, U.S., 132

terrorist watchlist, 132

Statue of Liberty, xvii, 90, 188, 206, 226, 269

Stevens, Lois, 312, 322, 325–27, 363–65, 367–70, 373, 441

stock markets, 206, 344, 427

Strong, Elsa, 165

Studdert, Andy, 119, 125

subway, 225

Suhr, Danny, 333–34

suicide plot, simultaneous, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

Summers (Anthony) and Swan (Robbyn), The Eleventh Day: The Full Story of 9/11, xxiii

SunTrust bank card, 395

Supreme Court, U.S., 15

Suqami, Satam al-, 28, 43, 76–77, 163

survivor’s guilt, 450, 460

Sweeney, Amy, 34, 45, 66–67, 74–79, 90, 118, 235

Sweeney, Anna, 34

Sweeney, Brian “Moose,” 53, 55–57, 88–89, 90, 92, 274, 432

Sweeney, Julie, 56–57, 88, 92, 274, 432

Sweeney, Louise, 89, 91, 92

Sweeney, Mike, 34

 

Talignani, John, 115, 188

Tam, Maurita, 233, 455

Tanzania, American Embassy bombing in, 2, 4

Tarantino, Dave, 209–11, 308–9, 316–18, 322, 323, 327, 328, 362–63, 365–67, 373–75, 381–82

Pentagon rescue of Jerry Henson, 370–72, 438, 441

post-9/11 life, 438–41

Tarantino, Margie, 210, 211, 381, 440

Tarrou, Michael, 52, 93, 275

Taylor, Hilda, 98

television, 16, 38, 85, 89, 137

Bush addresses nation on, 139–40, 188–89, 393

cameramen, 357–58

early reports on 9/11 attacks, 85–87, 91–92, 94–96, 121, 130, 132, 139, 146, 160, 162, 258, 260, 268, 293, 309, 310, 313, 341, 383, 388, 409

South Tower collapse, 341

terrorism, 1–6, 21, 42, 315

airport security procedures and gaps, 39–43, 102–3, 115–16

bin Laden memo, 137

multiple plane plot, 25–30, 74, 75, 84, 91, 93, 96, 110–12, 119–20, 126–28, 131, 133, 134, 147, 158, 159, 183–86, 249, 272, 443

2001 risk briefings, 137

U.S. failure to anticipate 9/11 attacks, 3–6

watchlists, 27, 132

See also hijackers; specific terrorists, groups, and attacks

Thomas, Chuck, 107

Thomas, Dave, 322, 323, 324, 327, 328, 362, 365–67, 370–71, 374, 438–40

post-9/11 life, 438–421

Thompson, Brian, 271, 450

Three World Financial Center, 352

Thurman, John, 377–79, 437

timeline of key events on 9/11, 499–500

TIPOFF terrorist watchlist, 132

TJX Cos, 429

Tobin, Austin J., 225

Today show, 383

Toll, Ian W., xix

Top Gun school, 56, 101

Torres, Edith, 453

torture, 427–28

tourism, 9/11, 445

transponders, 21, 47

codes, 48, 83, 104, 156

turned off by hijackers, 47–48, 72, 73, 75, 83, 104, 107–8, 126, 156, 157

triage tags, 347

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, 261

Trinity Church, 339, 343

Trolley Problem, 173, 183

Trotman, Shawn, 33, 34

 

UBS PaineWebber, 232, 302

United Airlines, 16, 17, 38, 42, 84, 87, 102, 119–25, 150

first direct warnings to planes, 124–25

Rule of Five, 122, 123

United Airlines Flight 93, xxi, 16, 22, 109–25, 149–89, 341, 444

ACARS messages to, 120–25, 173, 174–75

black boxes, 394

call to action, 160–68, 175–80

calls from passengers and crew, 158–68, 172, 175–76, 187

casualties, 187–88, 392–97, 423, 444

cockpit recorder messages, 149–58, 173, 176–80

cockpit takeover, 152

crashes into Shanksville, 179–81, 184, 385–89

crew, 110, 115–16, 120, 152–54, 187–88

delayed takeoff, 112, 118–19, 174

fire ax threat, 173, 176

hijackers, 116–18, 149–68, 169–89, 385, 392, 395, 396–97, 444, 445

hijacking of, 120, 149–89, 384–85

immediate aftermath of crash, 386–97

“Let’s Roll” counterattack, 175–80, 187–88, 384, 392, 444, 445

map of flight path, xvi

Mayday call, 149–51

NEADS response, 156–57, 172–73, 181–86

passengers and boarding, 112–16, 187–88

security procedures and gaps, 116–17

wreckage, 389–97, 444

United Airlines Flight 175, 12, 49–59, 63, 73–74, 81–93, 110, 118, 123, 141, 175, 432, 433, 454

calls from, 87–91, 274, 275

casualties, 92–93, 275

crew, 52–53

early media reports, 91–92, 94, 121, 130, 132

first signs of trouble, 83–84

hijackers, 58–59, 83–91, 110–11, 274–75

hijacking of, 81–93, 96, 119–20, 123–24, 186, 274–75

hits South Tower, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 289, 292, 293

map of flight path, xvi

map of impact on South Tower, xiv

NEADS response, 186

passengers and boarding, 49–50, 51–59

stabbings, 84, 87, 89–90, 119

takeoff, 50

United Arab Emirates, 24, 26, 28, 58

United Flight 23, 185–86

United Nations, 21

USAir Flight 427, 394

US Airways, 39, 42

 

Vamsikrishna, Pendyala “Vamsi,” 35, 433

Vera, Dave, 285, 330, 450

Verrazzano-Narrows Bridge, 422

Vesey Street, 243, 252, 255, 293, 356, 400, 408, 417

victims, list of names, 463–98

Vienna, Battle of, 28

Vietnam War, 10, 99, 100, 101, 138, 264, 272, 309, 312, 313, 320, 442

Vigilant Guardian, 21, 69, 70

visas, travel, 25, 26, 133

Visconti, Nick, 412

voicemails, 432, 433

Von Essen, Thomas, 255, 256, 257

 

Wagner, Karen, 378–79, 437

Wainio, Honor Elizabeth “Lizz,” 115, 166, 187, 188

Walker, Elliott, 383

Wall Street, xviii

Walsh, Jody King, 388–89

Warchola, Mike, 406, 411–12, 415, 416, 459

Ward, Marion, 368, 369

War Department, U.S., 307

Washington, D.C., 14, 15, 20, 28, 30, 63, 97, 106, 108, 134, 171, 307–8

evacuations, 170

Pentagon attack, 144–46, 156, 160, 162, 170, 180, 183, 184, 307–28

as target of al-Qaeda, 134–48, 156, 160–62, 170, 174, 178, 180, 183–85, 188

Washington Center, 106, 141–42, 182–83

Washingtonian magazine, 14

Washington Journal, 14

Washington Monument, 170

Washington Post, 5, 16, 377

watchlists, terrorist, 27, 132

Watson, Shelley, 70–71, 182–83

Webb, Tracy, 312, 364–65, 368, 373, 442

wedding rings, 395, 432–33, 455

Weehawken, New Jersey, 232

Weill Cornell Medical Center, 422, 447

Weinstein, Gilbert, 241

Weiss, Dave, 256, 459

Welsh, Deborah, 115, 152, 188

Werth, John, 150–57, 171

Westfield America, 197

West Side Highway, 410

West Street, 243, 255, 256, 292, 349, 351, 353, 399, 417

White Gate Farm, 11, 435

White House, 27, 136

evacuation of, 170

press corps, 139

as target of al-Qaeda, 136, 142–43, 174, 178, 183, 188

Whittington, Leslie, 98–99, 145

Wien, Lawrence, 221

Williams, Candace Lee, 34

Williams, Christine, 311, 319, 320, 325, 327, 363

Williams, Dwayne, 442

Williams, Kenneth, 132–33

Wills, Kirk, 211, 212, 213, 372, 373

Wills, Marilyn, 211–13, 311–13, 321–22, 325–27, 363–65, 367–73

post-9/11 life, 441–42

Wills, Percilla, 212, 372

Wills, Portia, 212, 372

Windows on the World, 219, 225, 237, 257

window washers, 303, 332

Woodhall Hospital, 402

Woodward, Michael, 32, 33, 44, 67, 75–78, 235

Woolworth Building, 290

Workman, Steve, 376

World Trade Center, xx, 4, 25, 119

al-Qaeda plans attacks on, 25–30, 110

bathtub, 225

Building Code, 223–24

central core, 222, 223

communication failures, 259–65, 269–73, 306, 331–33, 359–61, 405, 443

Concourse, 225, 335, 346, 353, 354–55

construction of, 114, 208, 220–25, 254, 276

day before attacks, 193–208

design, 221–23, 237–38

dust cloud after tower collapse, 343–44, 354–59, 408–9

fireproofing and susceptibility, 223–24, 226, 238, 276

ground level chaos, 346–61, 399–410, 416

hours before plane crash, 219–35

iconography, 225–26

immediate aftermath of North Tower attack, 236–65, 266–75, 289–306, 346–61

immediate aftermath of South Tower attack, 274–88, 329–41

lease to private firms, 196–97, 234

lock release order, 306

1993 bombing, 4, 25, 86, 196, 202, 205, 220, 226, 240, 245, 247, 248, 252, 259, 263, 268, 270, 272, 290, 296, 299, 332, 353, 404, 431

North Tower collapse, 408–10

North Tower hit by plane, 79–80, 83, 85–86, 95–96, 236–39, 266–68

occupancy, 224–26

plaza, 225, 237, 263, 334

remain-in-place order, 269–73, 277, 299–300, 333

repeater system, 259–60

roof access, 260, 306, 332

sky lobby, 223

South Tower collapse, 341–45, 346, 354–60, 387, 398, 404, 449

South Tower hit by plane, 91, 96, 103, 108, 121, 123, 130, 132, 134, 138, 160, 265, 274–75, 293

swaying in the wind, 223

See also specific buildings

World War II, 93, 322

Wright, Frank Lloyd, 233

Wright, Lawrence, The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda and the Road to 9/11, xxii–xxiii

written messages, from trapped workers, 237, 279

 

Yamasaki, Minoru, 222

Yamnicky, John, Sr., 101

Yang, Shuying, 99, 145

Yates, Ellen, 313, 442

Yates, John, 313, 326, 363, 364, 365, 373, 441

post-9/11 life, 441, 442–43

Yellow Ribbon Fund, 439

Yemen, 2, 3

1992 hotel attack, 2

York, Kevin, 284, 330, 450

Young, Chris, 199–201, 228–29, 235, 247–48, 257, 294, 302–4, 350–52, 408–9

elevator escape, 398–400

post-9/11, 448–49

Young, Ling, 277, 337

Yousef, Ramzi, 25, 137

 

Zalewski, Peter, 45–48, 50, 60, 63–65, 75, 76, 81

Zelmanowitz, Abe, 361

Zheng, Yugang, 99, 145

Zuccala, Joseph, 271, 279, 450

Zuckoff, Mitchell, “Six Lives,” xx–xxi, xxiii