26. Cities developed in Mesopotamia between 4000 and 1000 BCE because its inhabitants learned how to
(A) irrigate dry land through intricate canal systems
(B) conceptualize law codes to govern their inhabitants
(C) develop long-range trade routes with distant cultures
(D) construct large ceremonial centers for religious purposes
(E) create the agricultural system known as the Mediterranean polyculture
27. The neo-Assyrians
(A) destroyed the culture of the Sumerians
(B) were masters of carved stone relief sculpture
(C) were highly skilled administrators
(D) were uninterested in the transmission of knowledge
(E) were noted for their leniency toward people they conquered
28. “For six days and six nights the winds blew, torrent and tempest and flood overwhelmed the world, tempest and flood raged together like warring hosts. When the seventh day dawned, the storm subsided, the sea grew calm, and the flood was stilled. I looked at the face of the world, and there was silence, all mankind turned to clay …”
This passage is from the
(A) Rubaiyat
(B) Hebrew book of Exodus
(C) Egyptian Book of the Dead
(D) Rigveda
(E) Epic of Gilgamesh
29. What was the result of the battle of Megiddo in about 1479 BCE?
(A) Thutmose III reestablished Egyptian dominance in Palestine.
(B) The Assyrian Ashurbanipal effectively ended the Babylonian Empire.
(C) Nabopolassar evicted the Hyksos from Egypt.
(D) Kyan’s victory gave Babylon control of the vast wealth of Lydia.
(E) Sargon the Great was defeated by the Sumerians.
30. The alphabet was invented in
(A) Babylonia
(B) Israel
(C) Sumer
(D) Phoenicia
(E) Assyria
31. Which of the following ancient cultures was situated near the Persian Gulf?
(A) Indus Valley
(B) Nubia
(C) Yellow River valley
(D) Egypt
(E) Sumer
32. Religious leaders in Mesopotamian society enjoyed high social status because of their ability to discover the will of the gods through
(A) monotheism
(B) ma’at
(C) divination
(D) wisdom literature
(E) apotheosis
33. At the battle of Carchemish in about 605 BCE,
(A) the Persians defeated the Egyptians
(B) the Egyptians defeated the Hebrews
(C) the neo-Assyrians defeated the Babylonians
(D) the neo-Assyrians defeated the Persians
(E) the Babylonians defeated the Egyptians and neo-Assyrians
34. All of the following are true of the Phoenicians EXCEPT that they
(A) were masters of long-distance trade
(B) adopted Hebrew monotheism
(C) traded with the Hebrews
(D) influenced the development of the Roman alphabet
(E) manufactured glass for trade
35. Religious traditions in the New Kingdom of Egypt
(A) could determine the success or failure of the king
(B) did not play a major role in the lives of ordinary people
(C) initiated the transition to monotheism
(D) greatly reduced the importance of a belief in the afterlife
(E) resemble religious traditions still practiced in Egypt today
36. Sumerians probably invented writing in order to
(A) praise the gods
(B) record business transactions
(C) keep detailed genealogical records
(D) codify centuries of miscellaneous laws
(E) write poetry
37. All of the following were true of the Hittites EXCEPT that they
(A) were skillful charioteers
(B) established a kingdom in north-central Anatolia
(C) used iron metallurgy
(D) reached the height of their power around the 14th century BCE
(E) briefly expanded into Egypt
38. The Hebrews achieved their first truly national organization with a creation of a monarchy under Saul in the
(A) 1900s BCE
(B) 1600s BCE
(C) 1300s BCE
(D) 1000s BCE
(E) 700s BCE
39. King Hammurabi’s law code was written in about
(A) 3200 BCE
(B) 2700 BCE
(C) 2200 BCE
(D) 1700 BCE
(E) 1200 BCE
40. The Hebrew Bible established a religion based on all of the following EXCEPT
(A) monotheism
(B) a covenant relationship
(C) a refusal to practice idolatry
(D) God’s active role in history
(E) a deterministic view of ethics
41. The Egyptian pharaoh who is sometimes considered monotheistic was
(A) Akhenaton
(B) Nefertiti
(C) Ramses
(D) Hashepsut
(E) Amose
42. All of the following are true of the neo-Assyrian Empire EXCEPT that
(A) it was overthrown by the Medes and the Chaldeans
(B) its later capital was at Nineveh
(C) its religious cult of Ishtar emphasized love, war, fertility, and sex
(D) it conquered Jerusalem and destroyed the kingdom of Judah
(E) it built huge temples to the people’s gods
43. All of the following are true about the ancient kingdom of Kush EXCEPT that
(A) its kings ruled Egypt for a century
(B) it was an ancient Nubian state centered in present-day Sudan
(C) around 600 BCE, the capital was moved from Napata to Meroë
(D) it was intimately connected with the 25th Dynasty of Egypt
(E) it differed from Egypt in its disdain for pyramids
44. King Sargon of Akkad tried to establish an empire because he wanted greater control of
(A) his subjects
(B) foreign irrigation systems
(C) natural resources for metallurgy
(D) seaports to export surplus agriculture
(E) a supply of slaves
45. Women in the Old Kingdom in Egypt
(A) were allowed to own land
(B) were forbidden to serve in the government
(C) were excluded from religious rituals
(D) could not make wills
(E) were not permitted to divorce
46. The Egyptian concept of ma’at can be roughly translated as
(A) pharaoh
(B) afterlife
(C) justice
(D) bounty of the Nile
(E) goodness
47. The treaty signed about 1274 BCE following the battle of Kadesh
(A) signified the end of the Hittite Empire
(B) established Assyrian rule over Nineveh
(C) led to the enslavement of the Hebrew people
(D) established peace between the Egyptian and Hittite Empires
(E) represented a truce between the Assyrians and the Hebrews
48. The female pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty who was famous for her prolific building spree was
(A) Sobekneferu
(B) Neferneferuaten
(C) Hatshepsut
(D) Khentkaus I
(E) Nitocris
49. All of the following are true regarding the neo-Babylonian Empire EXCEPT that
(A) it was established by the Chaldeans
(B) King Nebuchadnezzar II drove the Egyptians out of Syria
(C) it preserved a great deal of the ancient literature of the Near East
(D) it was culturally conservative and intellectually stagnant
(E) one of its greatest achievements was the Ishtar Gate
50. The Akkadian Empire is often considered the world’s first empire. It collapsed around 2200 BCE, when it was attacked by the
(A) Sumerians
(B) Egyptians
(C) Assyrians
(D) Hebrews
(E) Gutians
51. King Hammurabi’s law code
(A) categorized society according to a social hierarchy
(B) expressed the majority of the population’s view of justice
(C) gave women the same legal rights as men
(D) aimed to ensure that more powerful citizens were protected by the law
(E) was always practiced exactly as written
52. All of the following are true regarding Egypt’s New Kingdom EXCEPT that
(A) the leaders were known as pharaohs
(B) most of the temples remaining in Egypt today were built during this time
(C) the rulers engaged in foreign wars to promote Egypt’s interests
(D) it was followed by the Second Intermediate Period
(E) Egyptian control extended into Asia at this time
53. The end of the neo-Assyrian empire was caused by
(A) economic crises
(B) depopulation
(C) climate change
(D) internal rebellions
(E) the spread of the bubonic plague
54. Most modern European languages are derived from
(A) Hebrew
(B) Semitic
(C) Minoan
(D) Indo-European
(E) Linear B
55. The powerful monarch who strengthened Egypt by uniting Upper and Lower Egypt into a single centralized kingdom around 3000 BCE was
(A) Akhenaton
(B) Menes
(C) Ramses
(D) Amenhotep
(E) Thutmose
56. The New Kingdom began around 1567 BCE after Egypt was liberated from the
(A) Sumerians
(B) Assyrians
(C) Hittites
(D) Hyksos
(E) pharaohs
57. Which statement best applies to Pentateuchal law in the Hebrew Bible?
(A) It applied equally to all Hebrew people.
(B) It called for vicarious punishments.
(C) It assigned the death penalty for property crimes.
(D) It was concerned solely with ritual matters.
(E) It was adopted by the Babylonians.
58. The word Mesopotamia is Greek for “land between two rivers.” These two rivers are the
(A) Euphrates and Nile
(B) Murat and Tigris
(C) Kara Su and Tigris
(D) Euphrates and Tigris
(E) Nile and Tigris
59. What is the correct chronological order (from oldest to most recent) for the following empires?
(A) Persia; neo-Babylonia; neo-Assyria
(B) Neo-Assyria; Persia; neo-Babylonia
(C) Neo-Assyria; neo-Babylonia; Persia
(D) Neo-Babylonia; neo-Assyria; Persia
(E) Neo-Babylonia; Persia; neo-Assyria
60. All of the following are associated with the Sumerians in the third millennium BCE EXCEPT
(A) ziggurats
(B) organized irrigation systems
(C) cuneiform
(D) a number system based on the number 60