61. Minoan culture is associated with
(A) Crete
(B) Malta
(C) the hilltops on the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece
(D) Sicily
(E) Rhodes
62. Mycenaean and Minoan cultures were similar in all of the following ways EXCEPT in
(A) constructing similar types of burial chambers
(B) engaging in maritime trade
(C) developing a written language
(D) engaging in wars of conquest
(E) transmitting some of their culture to classical Greece
63. “The unexamined life is not worth living” is a famous sentiment expressed by
(A) Socrates
(B) Solon
(C) Aristotle
(D) Cicero
(E) Cleisthenes
64. All of the following are true of Zoroastrianism EXCEPT that
(A) it is a religion and philosophy based on the teachings of the prophet Zoroaster
(B) it was once one of the world’s largest religions
(C) it was founded some time before the sixth century BCE in ancient Sparta
(D) good and evil are believed to have distinct sources
(E) its most important religious texts are known as the Avesta
65. What happened at the battle of Opis in 539 BCE?
(A) The Persians defeated the Hebrews.
(B) The Babylonians defeated the Egyptians.
(C) The kingdom of Judah defeated the Sumerians.
(D) The Hittites defeated the neo-Babylonians.
(E) The Persians defeated the neo-Babylonians.
66. The Persian Empire that displaced the neo-Babylonian Empire is known as
(A) the Achaemenid Empire
(B) the Macedonian Empire
(C) the Ptolemaic Empire
(D) the Median Empire
(E) none of the above
67. Female citizens of the Greek polis did NOT have
(A) access to the justice system
(B) protection from being sold into slavery
(C) respected roles in public religious ceremonies
(D) the freedom to live without a male guardian
(E) any control over property rights
68. Which of the following is true of Athenian democracy?
(A) Court trials were held without the use of juries.
(B) It was a direct democracy.
(C) It had a single chief executive.
(D) Anyone who reached the age of 18 could vote.
(E) Unfavorable decisions could not be appealed to a higher court.
69. All of the following are true regarding Herodotus EXCEPT that
(A) he is frequently called the “father of history”
(B) he wrote a history of the Peloponnesian Wars
(C) he studied cultures other than that of the Greeks
(D) he lived in the fifth century BCE
(E) his writing was known for large digressions
70. King Darius I extended the power of the Persian Empire by
(A) cutting back on building projects
(B) lowering taxes
(C) organizing a large royal army
(D) establishing one official state religion
(E) building a large navy
71. Solon balanced reforms that granted political power to ordinary citizens by expanding the role of the
(A) archons
(B) Areopagus Council
(C) laborers
(D) Council of 400
(E) Delian League
72. In 371 BCE, Thebes broke the power of Sparta at the battle of
(A) Plataea
(B) Syracuse
(C) Leuctra
(D) Chaeronea
(E) Thymbra
73. Evidence from documents found at the palace of Knossos reveal that Mycenaean culture supplanted Minoan culture in Crete about
(A) 8000 BCE
(B) 2200 BCE
(C) 1800 BCE
(D) 1400 BCE
(E) 1000 BCE
74. All of the following are true of the Greeks in the so-called Dark Ages (c. 1000–750 BCE) EXCEPT that
(A) large settlements decreased in population or disappeared
(B) the population became more mobile
(C) the people lost their knowledge of writing
(D) trade virtually disappeared
(E) herding animals became more common
75. All of the following were great Greek writers of tragedy EXCEPT
(A) Aristophanes
(B) Euripides
(C) Sophocles
(D) Aeschylus
(E) none of the above
76. The poems Theogony and Works and Days were written by
(A) Homer
(B) Pindar
(C) Hesiod
(D) Bacchylides
(E) Archilochus
77. The philosophers who most influenced Greek thinking during the Archaic Age were from
(A) the Peloponnese peninsula
(B) Ionia
(C) Crete
(D) Athens
(E) Lesbos
78. In Plato’s Symposium (385 BCE), the participants all assume that serious love will be between
(A) a man and his wife
(B) a mother and her children
(C) an older man and an adolescent boy
(D) an adolescent boy and girl
(E) a man and his mistress
79. Greek colonization accomplished all of the following EXCEPT
(A) increased communication among Mediterranean peoples
(B) the spread of Greek language and culture
(C) the foundation of cities such as Syracuse and Naples in the western Mediterranean
(D) the building of a centralized state
(E) facilitation of trade among the polis
80. The Greeks defeated the Persians at Marathon in 490 BCE because the Greeks had
(A) strong warships known as triremes
(B) heavier hoplite weaponry
(C) numerical superiority in infantry
(D) many skilled archers
(E) the best fighters in the world (the Spartans)
81. The geography of ancient Greece
(A) unified the city-states
(B) made farmland scarce
(C) prevented overseas trade
(D) made city-states vulnerable to overseas invasion
(E) led to large-scale cattle ranches
82. Bearing male children brought special honors to a woman in ancient Athens because
(A) male children were necessary to protect and support their parents
(B) male children were automatically assumed to be legitimate
(C) female children were regularly sold into slavery
(D) only men could pass Athenian citizenship on to their offspring
(E) female children were not citizens
83. All actions of the Peloponnesian League were approved by
(A) Athens
(B) Sparta
(C) Thebes
(D) Corinth
(E) Macedonia
84. All of the following are basic beliefs of Zoroastrianism EXCEPT that
(A) humans are born as sinners and have a compulsion to be sinful
(B) water and fire are agents of ritual purity
(C) the world is a battlefield between good and evil forces
(D) there is an afterlife
(E) there will be an ultimate judgment day
85. Hippocratic medical doctrine included all of the following EXCEPT that it
(A) made little or no mention of a divine role in sickness and cures
(B) influenced the oath that modern medical graduates initially swear to uphold
(C) was the first to propose the germ theory of disease
(D) emphasized clinical experience over abstruse theory
(E) stressed the idea of a crisis in the progression of a disease
86. The term Greek colonization can be misleading because
(A) there was minimal official state involvement in new settlements
(B) women did not participate in establishing new settlements
(C) the Greeks had little cultural impact on the areas they settled
(D) most Greek settlements were economic failures
(E) the Greeks settled in Magna Graecia with much greater frequency than in western Asia
87. One of Pericles’s major reforms was
(A) paying people for serving in public office
(B) expanding the right of citizenship to foreigners
(C) reducing the number of military campaigns against Sparta
(D) increasing the political rights of women
(E) reducing the court role of the Areopagus Council
88. In fifth-century BCE Athenian democracy, who had the right to vote?
(A) Men residing within the polis
(B) Male and female citizens
(C) Male citizens
(D) Landowning men
(E) Only those men who possessed more than 1,000 drachmas in real property
89. One of the greatest Greek lyric poets, whose work deals with passion and love for various people and both genders, was
(A) Homer
(B) Lesbos
(C) Sappho
(D) Terence
(E) Praxilla
90. Athens defended its dominance over its allies in the Delian League by arguing that
(A) its allies were useless
(B) it needed to keep the league strong enough to protect Greece from the Persians
(C) its contributions to the naval fleet gave it the right to dominate its allies
(D) the money collected from member tributes was needed for public building projects
(E) if the league were weak, Sparta would take over Greece
91. All of the following are true of the ancient Greek Olympic games EXCEPT that
(A) they took place every four years
(B) they were celebrated for more than 1,000 years
(C) women were allowed to participate under certain conditions
(D) they also featured religious celebrations
(E) they were Panhellenic
92. The History of the Peloponnesian War was written by
(A) Herodotus
(B) Thucydides
(C) Xenophon
(D) Polybius
(E) Arrian
93. Socrates’s opponents charged him with
(A) impiety
(B) supporting Sparta
(C) being a member of the Thirty Tyrants
(D) violent attacks against citizens
(E) mentoring oligarchs and tyrants
94. In the golden age of Athens (c. 450 BCE), slaves probably made up what percentage of the city’s population of 300,000?
(A) 2 percent
(B) 15 percent
(C) 33 percent
(D) 50 percent
(E) 75 percent
95. The Greek military formation that dominated battlefields during the classical Greek and Hellenistic periods was known as a(n)
(A) hoplite
(B) cohort
(C) aspis
(D) sarisa
(E) phalanx
96. All of the following were true of the Parthenon EXCEPT that
(A) it was built as a house for the goddess Athena
(B) only priests and priestesses could enter the temple
(C) the sculptural frieze portrayed Athenian citizens in the presence of the gods
(D) subtle curves and inclines were used to produce the illusion of completely straight lines
(E) it broke with precedent by being constructed near, but not on, the Athenian acropolis
97. The Persian War is best described in the works of
(A) Aeschylus
(B) Aristophanes
(C) Euripides
(D) Sophocles
(E) Homer
98. In ancient Greece, some itinerant professional teachers of philosophy and oratory were associated with moral relativism and manipulation of rhetoric. They were called
(A) Sophists
(B) Stoas
(C) Archons
(D) Triremes
(E) Stoics
99. The Greeks defeated Persia in which crucial naval battle that helped save Greece’s independence?
(A) Plataea
(B) Salamis
(C) Marathon
(D) Syracuse
(E) Actium
100. The Minoans developed their agriculture through the use of
(A) iron plows
(B) irrigation with water pumps drawn by oxen
(C) Mediterranean polyculture
(D) Aegean dairy farming
(E) Grecian monocropping
101. All of the following were true of the Persians EXCEPT that
(A) their language was related to those of the Aryans and Hittites
(B) they treated conquered peoples in a manner similar to that adopted by the Assyrians
(C) they spread a new religion across their empire
(D) they were efficient administrators
(E) they established an effective system of communication
102. In its golden age, Athens achieved its great wealth through all of the following EXCEPT
(A) Delian League tributes
(B) spoils taken from conquered Persian outposts
(C) taxes on trade goods
(D) the sale of triremes to its allies
(E) booming seaborne commerce
103. Which of the following statements is true of ancient Greek pottery?
(A) Because of its fragile nature, very little Greek pottery has survived.
(B) Greek vases were mostly made using the coil method, because the Greeks did not possess potter’s wheels.
(C) There was an international market for Greek pottery from the eighth to the fourth century BCE.
(D) Greek pottery is unique in that human figures are never depicted.
(E) Black- and red-figure techniques were both used in Athens during the golden age.
104. The Thirty Tyrants was a popular name for
(A) the Persian council of war under Xerxes
(B) the leaders who successfully overthrew the Hellenic League
(C) the dictators who ruled Athens directly after the Persian wars
(D) a pro-Spartan oligarchy in Athens
(E) the consecutive series of Spartan rulers between 476 and 431 BCE
105. The decisive event of the Peloponnesian War was
(A) the Athenian invasion of Sicily
(B) Pericles’s funeral oration
(C) the battle of Naupactus
(D) the rule of the Thirty Tyrants
(E) the battle of Marathon
106. The end of the golden age in Athens can be attributed to
(A) a widespread rejection of democracy
(B) the Persian conquest
(C) the plague
(D) the Macedonian conquest of Athens
(E) the Peloponnesian War
107. At the time of an Athenian mother’s death,
(A) her children inherited her dowry
(B) her husband inherited her dowry
(C) her parents regained her dowry
(D) her husband and sons split her dowry
(E) her dowry was confiscated by the state
108. The Royal Road
(A) was built by the Persians to invade Greece
(B) was built by the Persians to cross the Hellespont
(C) was maintained for more than 3,000 miles
(D) connected Athens to Greek colonies in Anatolia
(E) was used by Persian couriers to travel from Susa to Sardis
109. In classical Greece, religious sacrifices were held for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
(A) providing an occasion for the community to assemble
(B) eliminating sick or injured animals through animal sacrifice
(C) reaffirming the community’s ties to the divine world
(D) benefiting the worshippers’ personal relationship with the gods
(E) trying to provide divine protection from disaster
110. All of the following are true of freestanding Greek sculptures in the fifth century BCE EXCEPT that
(A) they were meant to be seen by the public
(B) women were usually portrayed in the nude
(C) physiques and postures became more naturalistic than those of the Archaic Age
(D) musculature was anatomically correct
(E) faces were portrayed as calm rather than smiling as in the Archaic Age