196. The Silk Road
(A) comprised land routes only
(B) was actually misnamed, since the network had nothing to do with the transport of silk
(C) connected land routes to Indian Ocean trade
(D) stopped to the east of Mediterranean trade routes
(E) was protected from one end to the other by pastoral nomads
197. Which best describes the form of government established in the early years of the Han Dynasty?
(A) A form of feudalism was combined with a centralized autocracy.
(B) Local lords forced the emperor to divide China into decentralized fiefdoms.
(C) The emperor maintained control over the empire without consulting the Chinese bureaucracy.
(D) The Han Dynasty was one of three competing kingdoms in China, each with a warlord or emperor.
(E) Feudalism was abolished, creating a manpower surplus that allowed the creation of great building projects.
198. “Under heaven nothing is more soft and yielding than water Yet for attacking the solid and the strong, nothing is better
It has no equal
The weak can overcome the strong
The supple can overcome the stiff
Under heaven everyone knows this
Yet no one puts it into practice.”
This quotation is from
(A) the Rigveda
(B) the Tao Te Ching
(C) The Analects
(D) the Bhagavad Gita
(E) The Mengzi
199. Iron-tipped plows were first used in
(A) the Han Dynasty
(B) the Warring States period
(C) the Three Kingdoms period
(D) the Hsia Dynasty
(E) the Shang Dynasty
200. All of the following are basic beliefs of Confucianism EXCEPT that
(A) compromise and patience are necessary in all matters
(B) there should be respect for age and authority
(C) the family is the foundation of society
(D) society should be ordered, and everyone should do what is expected
(E) human nature is essentially evil and must be constrained by laws and rituals
201. All of the following are inventions and advances attributed to the Han Dynasty EXCEPT
(A) a calendar of 365 days
(B) porcelain
(C) paper
(D) the Grand Canal
(E) the seismograph
202. All of the following are true regarding the Warring States period EXCEPT that
(A) there was mass migration to cities
(B) iron replaced bronze as the dominant metal used in warfare
(C) fear of anarchy led to the development of new philosophical systems
(D) it ended with the unification of China under the Qin (Ch’in) Dynasty
(E) its artists excelled in the development of wood-block printing
203. It is commonly accepted that the greatest disciple of Confucius was
(A) Mencius
(B) Mozi
(C) Sun Tzu
(D) Yang Zhu
(E) Xunzi
204. Which of the following was a major accomplishment of the Shang Dynasty?
(A) The invention of gunpowder
(B) The invention of paper
(C) The invention of the compass
(D) The invention of a pictographic and ideographic writing system
(E) The invention of iron-tipped plows
205. What is the proper order of these early Chinese dynastic periods?
(A) Hsia, Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han
(B) Hsia, Qin, Han, Shang, Zhou
(C) Shang, Hsia, Han, Zhou, Qin
(D) Hsia, Qin, Shang, Zhou, Han
(E) Shang, Zhou, Qin, Hsia, Han
206. All of the following are true of the Qin Dynasty EXCEPT that it
(A) created a strong central government
(B) began constructing the Great Wall
(C) followed legalistic principles
(D) encouraged freedom of thought
(E) standardized writing, weights, and measures throughout the empire
207. In Shang China, the economy depended primarily on
(A) animal husbandry
(B) trade
(C) farming
(D) hunting and gathering
(E) tribute and plunder from conquest
208. All of the following are true of Chinese Legalist philosophy EXCEPT that
(A) its followers believed humans were inherently evil
(B) it was the basic governing philosophy of the Qin Dynasty
(C) its proponents believed the government that governs best, governs least
(D) it was founded by Shang Yang about 350 BCE
(E) its followers believed in strict censorship
209. All of the following were true of the Shang EXCEPT that
(A) they spoke a Sino-Tibetan language
(B) they fought on horseback and in chariots
(C) they expanded irrigation systems on the Yellow (Huang He) River
(D) they tried to break down the social stratification of Chinese society
(E) they began silkworm cultivation in China
210. The concept of the mandate of heaven was
(A) the Zhou Dynasty’s justification to rule
(B) opposed by Mencius as contradictory to Confucian philosophy
(C) identical to the European concept of the divine right of kings
(D) rejected by the Han because their dynasty was not founded by a noble
(E) of little effect on Chinese history after the Tang Dynasty
211. All of the following were reasons for the collapse of the Han Empire EXCEPT
(A) the power of local warlords led to the deterioration of the central state
(B) attacks by the Xiongnu overwhelmed Han defenses
(C) peasant rebellions reduced support for the emperor
(D) epidemic diseases led to population decline
(E) tribute payments weakened the treasury
212. An important military development of the Warring States period was
(A) the invention of gunpowder
(B) the casting of individual weapons
(C) the widespread use of chariots
(D) the cultural diffusion of the phalanx
(E) the use of elephants to intimidate opposing forces
213. Sun Tzu is famous as the author of
(A) The Analects
(B) the Four Books
(C) The Mengzi
(D) The Six Secret Teachings
(E) The Art of War
214. All of the following are true about the Zhou Dynasty EXCEPT that it was
(A) relatively brief
(B) followed by the Qin Dynasty
(C) the dynasty during which the use of iron was introduced to China
(D) the apex of Chinese bronzeware creation
(E) the dynasty during which the Chinese written script evolved into its modern form
215. The powerful and feared first empress of the Han Dynasty was
(A) Empress Lu Zhi
(B) Lady Qi
(C) Princess Lu Yan
(D) Empress Dowager Cixi
(E) Empress Wu Zetian
216. The oldest form of Chinese writing was
(A) merchant records on rice paper
(B) dynastic genealogies carved on stone
(C) questions to priests on animal bones
(D) tax rolls on paper
(E) lists of sacrifices to the gods on silk
217. All of the following are true of the Chinese bureaucracy under the Han EXCEPT that
(A) it administered the Chinese government
(B) its members were highly paid and highly respected
(C) qualification took years to complete
(D) it was restricted to members of the upper classes
(E) its members had mastered the Chinese alphabet
218. The Terracotta Army is associated with which dynastic period?
(A) Shang Dynasty
(B) Qin Dynasty
(C) Hsia Dynasty
(D) Three Kingdoms period
(E) Han Dynasty
219. According to traditional sources, the first Chinese dynasty was the
(A) Shang
(B) Hsia
(C) Zhou
(D) Qin
(E) Han
220. All of the following are true about Mohism EXCEPT that
(A) it was a rival of Confucianism
(B) its followers rejected offensive warfare
(C) Mozi wanted to eliminate music and extraneous ritual from Chinese worship
(D) it particularly emphasized devotion to one’s family
(E) its followers believed in ghosts and spirits
221. According to Confucian thought, all of the following are hierarchical relationships that guarantee stability EXCEPT
(A) friend to friend
(B) sibling to sibling
(C) wife to husband
(D) subject to emperor
(E) eldest son to father
222. The Han Dynasty was established by Liu Pang at
(A) the battle of Red Cliffs
(B) the battle of P’eng-ch’eng
(C) the battle of Lan-t’ien
(D) the siege of Chu-liu
(E) the battle of Kai-Hsia (Giaxia)
223. All of the following are true of the Three Kingdoms period EXCEPT that
(A) it was extremely bloody
(B) technological innovation thrived
(C) it is an obscure period that has basically been forgotten
(D) it followed the Han Dynasty
(E) the population decreased significantly
224. The Taoist concept of complementary opposites is known as
(A) yin and yang
(B) de and li
(C) e and fa
(D) shu and lian
(E) yi and ren
225. All of the following are true of Emperor Wu of Han EXCEPT that
(A) his reign was one of the longest in Chinese history
(B) he expanded Chinese borders as far as present-day Kyrgyzstan in the west
(C) he established a centralized state
(D) he developed the Silk Road
(E) he followed Mohist principles regarding offensive warfare