321. In the time of the Ghana Empire, trans-Saharan trade was especially active in which two commodities?
(A) Amber and silver
(B) Gold and salt
(C) Ivory and animal skins
(D) Ebony and cowry shells
(E) Jade and exotic woods
322. All of the following were barriers to Africa’s economic development EXCEPT
(A) the pervasiveness of disease-carrying insects
(B) the lack of navigable rivers
(C) the difficult geography
(D) the lack of natural resources
(E) all of the above
323. All of the following are major African cultures that originated after 100 CE EXCEPT
(A) Songhai
(B) Zimbabwe
(C) Mali
(D) Kush
(E) Kongo
324. The ancient kingdom of Axum was located in present-day
(A) Ethiopia
(B) Kenya
(C) Tanzania
(D) Sudan
(E) Mali
325. All of the following are true of the Bantu migrations EXCEPT that
(A) they took place over 2,000 years
(B) the Bantu took their knowledge of agriculture and iron metallurgy with them
(C) the evidence for this expansion is primarily archaeological
(D) the Bantu moved to lands previously occupied by hunter-gatherers such as the Khoisan
(E) they moved primarily south and east out of western Africa
326. Mansa Musa
(A) was a king of Ghana
(B) sacked Timbuktu in 1325
(C) lived in the 12th century
(D) made a famous hajj to Mecca
(E) distrusted learning as an impediment to holiness
327. The Kanem Empire
(A) was unusual in that most of its people did not convert to Islam
(B) exported ostrich feathers, slaves, and ivory
(C) controlled trade in the Cameroon-Congo region
(D) relied on a powerful infantry to dominate the region
(E) reached the apogee of its power in the 10th century
328. All of the following are true of Timbuktu EXCEPT that
(A) it is a town in present-day Mali
(B) it is located about 10 miles north of the Congo River
(C) it is noted for the Sankore Madrasa
(D) it flourished because of its location on trans-Saharan trading routes
(E) at one time, it had the largest library in Africa
329. All of the following are true regarding the city of Great Zimbabwe EXCEPT
(A) its massive walls were built without mortar
(B) it flourished through trade with Axum to the north
(C) it profited from taxing traders from the gold fields of central Africa
(D) it traded with Asia through the city of Sofala
(E) its accomplishments were the subject of modern-day controversy
330. The coffee bean first originated in present-day
(A) Ethiopia
(B) South Africa
(C) Ivory Coast
(D) Uganda
(E) Kenya
331. All of the following reasons have been suggested for the decline of the kingdom of Ghana EXCEPT that
(A) drought was affecting the land and its ability to sustain cattle and cultivation
(B) Songhai warriors under Sundiata invaded the kingdom from the east
(C) Almoravid Muslims invaded Ghana from the north
(D) new gold fields at Bure (present-day Guinea) were out of Ghana’s commercial reach
(E) shifts in trade routes weakened Ghana’s economy
332. All of the following reasons have been suggested for the cause of the Bantu migrations EXCEPT
(A) a population increase in western Africa
(B) the introduction of new crops such as the banana
(C) Bantu development of livestock husbandry and expansion to find new grasslands
(D) the use of iron that permitted new ecological zones to be exploited
(E) climate changes that forced people out of the Sahara and pressured the proto-Bantu
333. Sonni Ali is associated with which empire?
(A) Kush
(B) Benin
(C) Ghana
(D) Mali
(E) Songhai
334. The kingdom of the Kongo
(A) was a Shona kingdom
(B) was founded, according to recent estimates, between 500 and 1000 CE
(C) was a decentralized state typical of central Africa
(D) depended on raising and trading bananas and yams
(E) was located in western central Africa
335. All of the following are cities on the Swahili coast EXCEPT
(A) Sofala
(B) Abidjan
(C) Shanga
(D) Kilwa
(E) Mombasa
336. The Songhai Empire
(A) had its capital at Jenne (present-day Djenne)
(B) controlled the Congo River trade
(C) collapsed after it was invaded by the Portuguese
(D) replaced the Malian Empire in western Africa
(E) refused to trade in slaves, unlike the Malian Empire
337. All of the following are major rivers in Africa EXCEPT
(A) Zambezi
(B) Kasai
(C) Orange
(D) Limpopo
(E) all of the above are major African rivers
338. Which of the following statements is true regarding Bantu settlements?
(A) Cohort groups could sometimes wield considerable power.
(B) The Bantu were animists but did not believe in ancestor spirits.
(C) Bantu society did not have gender-differentiated tasks.
(D) Contrary to popular myth, the Bantu believed that land could be bought and sold.
(E) Most of the African topsoil layer was alluvial and thick.
339. Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of Islam in sub-Saharan Africa?
(A) African women tended to have fewer privileges than Islamic women.
(B) The lower classes were more eager to convert to Islam than were the elite.
(C) Contacts with Islam were generated by transatlantic trade.
(D) African rulers feared that conversion to Islam would undermine their authority.
(E) Converts to Islam often blended Islam and their tribal beliefs.
340. The Akan people were famous for their
(A) detailed bronze plaques (which were really made of brass)
(B) beautiful gold weights
(C) ancient rock art
(D) life-sized terra-cotta heads
(E) intricate ivory carvings
341. All of the following are true regarding the kingdom of Axum EXCEPT that
(A) most of the population converted to Christianity in the 4th century CE
(B) it became rich connecting the Roman Empire with sub-Saharan Africa
(C) it traded through the Red Sea trade network
(D) its culture is noted for its large stone obelisks
(E) it flourished until about the sixth century CE
342. An object believed to have supernatural powers or a man-made object that has power over others is known as a
(A) griot
(B) animistic stele
(C) fetish
(D) millet
(E) Sahel
343. All of the following are true regarding the banana EXCEPT that
(A) it resulted in a population increase among the Bantu
(B) it was domesticated in Africa as early as 5000 BCE
(C) its path was traced through linguistic connections
(D) it was transported via the Indian Ocean to Madagascar
(E) it was transported by Malayan sailors
344. All of the following are true regarding Nok culture EXCEPT that
(A) its terra-cottas are the oldest-known figurative sculpture south of the Sahara
(B) it flourished between about 500 BCE and 200 CE
(C) it was one of the earliest sub-Saharan African centers of ironworking
(D) it was located in present-day Tanzania
(E) its ultimate fate is unclear
345. Camels were first used extensively for trade across the Sahara in about
(A) 150 BCE
(B) 150 CE
(C) 450 CE
(D) 750 CE
(E) 1050 CE