396. Because of the battles of Hakata Bay, the Mongols failed twice to conquer
(A) Java and Sumatra
(B) Persia
(C) China
(D) Korea
(E) Japan
397. Which of the following statements characterizes the Yuan Dynasty?
(A) It developed rigid social class hierarchies.
(B) Peasant uprisings were responsible for its establishment.
(C) Trade collapsed because of its warlike nature.
(D) It was overthrown by outside invaders.
(E) It suffered because of its nonexpansionist nature.
398. What was the Mongol capital before Kublai Khan moved it to Khanbaliq (now Beijing) in 1272?
(A) Bayan Tumen (Choibalsan)
(B) Hangzhou
(C) Ulan Bator
(D) Karakorum
(E) Samarkand
399. The Mamluks defeated the Mongols and ended the Mongol threat to dominate the Middle East at the battle of
(A) Ayn Jalut
(B) Bokhara
(C) Jan
(D) Diarbekr
(E) Baghdad
400. Scholars believe one possible reason for the Mongols’ expansion out of their traditional homelands was
(A) economic necessity brought on by climate changes
(B) increasing numbers of Christian missionaries settling in the East
(C) the desire for luxury goods in China
(D) provocations from Muslim rulers
(E) the search for Prester John
401. All of the following were long-standing effects of the Mongol invasions of Europe EXCEPT that they
(A) set back the development of democracy in Hungary
(B) brought the cultures of Asia into contact with the European world
(C) increased trade between Europe and Asia
(D) made it easier for Christianity to spread to Asia
(E) stimulated the search for exotic goods
402. The Yuan Dynasty included all of these present-day areas EXCEPT
(A) Xinjiang
(B) Tibet
(C) Taiwan
(D) Yunnan
(E) Laos
403. All of the following are true regarding the Mongol occupation of Russia EXCEPT that
(A) it lasted for about 200 years
(B) the Mongols allowed Russian princes to rule if they paid obeisance to the khan
(C) the Mongols heavily taxed the Russian church
(D) the Mongols standardized the collection of taxes
(E) the Mongols captured Kiev in 1240
404. When the Mongols reached Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, in 1258, they
(A) were turned back by the Mamluks
(B) negotiated a peace treaty with the Abbasids
(C) moved on to Damascus rather than besiege the city
(D) compelled the city to surrender and assimilated its cultural treasures into the Mongol Empire
(E) destroyed the city and massacred most of its inhabitants
405. All of the following were reasons for the outstanding success of Mongol military tactics EXCEPT that
(A) the Mongol bow was unmatched for accuracy, force, and reach
(B) the Mongols excelled at siege warfare
(C) the Mongols devised two- and three-pronged military assaults and complex flanking operations
(D) the Mongols were extremely disciplined in battle
(E) the Mongol armies traveled very light and were able to live largely off the land
406. All of the following are true of Ivan III EXCEPT that he
(A) was nicknamed Ivan the Terrible
(B) tripled the territory of the state
(C) was the first Muscovite prince to claim an imperial title
(D) ended the dominance of the Mongols in Russia
(E) renovated the Kremlin in Moscow
407. Music dramas written under the Yuan Dynasty
(A) emphasized Confucian conservatism
(B) mocked and satirized the Mongols
(C) looked to Buddhist legends for themes
(D) supported the elimination of the imperial examination system
(E) had to be approved by Mongol censors before they could be performed
408. All of the following are true regarding the Mongols in southeastern Asia in the late 1200s EXCEPT that they
(A) invaded Vietnam (Dai Viet and Champa) several times and forced it to pay tribute
(B) invaded Korea several times and turned it into a forced ally
(C) invaded the kingdom of Burma (Myanmar) and destroyed it
(D) launched two major invasions of Japan but were unsuccessful both times
(E) invaded and occupied Java
409. The decisive event in the Mongol defeat of the Song Dynasty was
(A) the siege of Xianyang
(B) a series of succession crises in the Mongol Empire
(C) the sudden death of Ogodei Khan
(D) the defeat of the Russians at Kiev
(E) the establishment of Pax Mongolica
410. All of the following are true regarding Marco Polo’s life and travels EXCEPT that
(A) he worked for Ogodei Khan as an ambassador for 24 years
(B) he came from a family of Venetian merchants
(C) his book was a medieval “bestseller”
(D) he visited India and Sumatra
(E) some scholars question whether he actually went to China
411. All of the following are true regarding Mongol gender relations EXCEPT that
(A) Mongol women were allowed to speak in tribal councils
(B) polygamy was commonly practiced
(C) the influence of foreign cultures tended to restrict women in the later Mongol Empire
(D) immediate remarriage was required after a husband’s death
(E) Mongol women refused to adopt the Chinese practice of foot binding
412. The Yuan Dynasty in China was responsible for all of the following measures EXCEPT
(A) dismissing most Confucian scholars
(B) forbidding marriage between the Mongols and the Chinese
(C) preventing the Chinese from learning the Mongol language
(D) eliminating civil service examinations
(E) dividing the population of China into three major groups
413. Which of the following is a true statement about Mongol invasions between 1200 and 1500?
(A) While Mongols were able to convert Russia to Islam, they failed to spread Muslim beliefs throughout India.
(B) Mongols adopted elements of Chinese culture, which were then spread to other parts of Asia.
(C) Mongol invasions were successful in China and Japan but unsuccessful in Korea.
(D) Mongol rule in Russia helped build a peaceful society based on Russian traditions.
(E) The Mongols’ occupation of Egypt was much less bloody than their occupation of eastern Europe.
414. The Mongol invasions of Europe began in the
(A) 1170s
(B) 1200s
(C) 1230s
(D) 1260s
(E) 1290s
415. The Golden Horde refers to the khanate that made up
(A) Russia
(B) Persia and most of the Middle East
(C) China
(D) southeastern Asia
(E) India
416. All of the following are true regarding Genghis Khan EXCEPT that he
(A) delegated authority based on merit and loyalty rather than family ties
(B) instituted the great law
(C) was tolerant of other religions
(D) allowed his generals considerable autonomy
(E) caused a succession crisis by failing to name a successor
417. The Yassa was
(A) the administrative assistant to the khan who was responsible for the day-to-day running of each khanate
(B) the secular code of Mongol law
(C) the Mongol bureaucracy that governed China after the Confucian scholars were dismissed
(D) a Mongol special tax on Muslims in Il-Khanate
(E) the Mongols’ name for their cavalry bow
418. All of the following have been suggested as ways in which Mongol rule affected Russian national development EXCEPT that
(A) Russian rulers thought of the state as their private domain
(B) Russian rulers emphasized autocratic power
(C) Russian rulers favored Kiev over Moscow because of its resistance to Mongol rule
(D) Russian rulers divided the population into a landholding elite and a vast majority of taxpayers
(E) Russian rulers stressed personal loyalty and a system of service to rulers
419. All of the following are true regarding Tamerlane (also known as Timur) EXCEPT that he
(A) refused to attack fellow Muslims
(B) fancied himself the successor to the Mongol Empire
(C) sacked Delhi and massacred tens of thousands of citizens
(D) was a great patron of the arts
(E) weakened the Christian church in much of Asia
420. The Pax Mongolica had the unintended consequence of
(A) restricting the flow of ideas because of Mongol intellectual conservatism
(B) hurting European economies because nascent national states instituted tariffs
(C) reducing the Eurasian population because of the constant warfare that preceded it
(D) allowing the Black Death to spread more quickly along trade routes
(E) making it easier for Ming troops to travel within China and destroy the Yuan Dynasty