GLOSSARY OF PEOPLE

Abdo Omar Okech (b. 1933) Younger brother of “Mama” Sarah Obama

Achayo, Aloyce (b. c. 1932) Retired headmaster and Luo cultural historian

Aginga, Joshua (c. 1864–1935?) Third son of Obama Opiyo

Ainsworth, John (1864–1946) An early British settler in Kenya

Akumu Njoga See Habiba Akumu

Ali, Sulaiman bin (dates unknown) Mazrui chief who asked that Mombasa become a protectorate of Britain as a defense against the threat from the sultan of Oman

Amin, Idi (c. 1925–2003) Military dictator and president of Uganda 1971–79

Anderson, David (b. 1957) Professor of African politics and director of the African Studies Centre, University of Oxford

Argwings-Kodhek, Chiedo (1923–69) Luo Kenyan Foreign Minister in Jomo Kenyatta’s government; assassinated in July 1969 in what was made to look like a road accident

Aruwa (c. mid-15th century) Brother of Podho II, of spear-and-bead fame

Atieno Amani, Mwanaisha (b. c. 1938) Older sister of Kezia Obama

Baring, Sir Evelyn (1903–73) Governor-general in Kenya 1952–59, which covered the whole of the Mau Mau emergency

Baumann, Oscar (1864–99) Austrian explorer who wrote about the Maasai in the late nineteenth century

Bismarck, Otto von (1815–98) German statesman responsible for establishing Germany’s African colonies

Blundell, Sir Michael (1907–93) Kenyan farmer, member of parliament for the Rift Valley, and minister without portfolio to the Emergency War Council during the Mau Mau insurgency

Burton, Richard (1821–90) British explorer who traveled to the lakes region of central Africa with John Speke

Carscallen, Arthur Asa Grandville (1879–1964) The first Seventh-Day Adventist missionary in Kendu Bay; he arrived in Kisumu in November 1906

Carscallen, Helen (c. 1885–1921) Wife of Arthur Carscallen (m. July 27, 1907, in Kendu Bay), née Helen Bruce Thompson

Chamberlain, Joseph (1863–1914) British politician who served as colonial secretary 1895–1903

Chilo Were, Samson (b. 1922) Barack Obama senior’s primary school teacher

Cholmondeley, Hugh See Delamere, Lord

Crazzolara, Joseph Pasquale (1884–1976) Catholic missionary who worked for much of his life in East Africa and who was responsible for pioneering anthropological work on the Luo

Delamere, Lord (1870–1931) Third Baron Delamere KCMG, who moved to Kenya in 1901, where he became one of the most influential British settlers

Dunde, Onyango (c. 1885–1960?) Luo prophet of the Mumbo spirit

Dunham, Madelyn (1922–2008) Née Payne, mother of Ann Dunham and maternal grandmother of President Obama

Dunham, Stanley Ann See Obama, Ann

Dunham, Stanley Armour (1918–92) Father of Ann Dunham and maternal grandfather of President Obama

Eliot, Sir Charles Norton Edgecumbe (1862–1931) British career diplomat and linguist who was made governor of British East Africa in 1901

Elkins, Caroline (b. 1969) Professor of History at Harvard University and author of Imperial Reckoning: The Untold Story of Britain’s Gulag in Kenya

Gama, Vasco da (1460/69–1524) Portuguese explorer who was the first European to round the Cape of Good Hope; he landed in Mombasa in 1498 and sailed on to Kerala in India

Gethin, Richard (1886–1950?) British trader and the first to establish a presence in Kisii in south Nyanza in the early twentieth century

Habiba Akumu (c. 1916–2006) Née Akumu Njoga, fourth wife of Onyango Obama (m. 1933); mother of Barack Obama senior and paternal grandmother of President Obama

Halima (dates unknown) Second wife of Onyango Obama (m. c. 1930); she came from the Ugenya region of central Nyanza

Hobley, Charles William (1867–1947) Pioneering British colonial administrator in British East Africa 1894–1921; closely involved with the early subjugation of the Luo

Johnston, Sir Harry (1858–1927) Explorer and colonial administrator who was a key British player in the “Scramble for Africa”

Jühlke, Karl Ludwig (1856–86) Colleague of Karl Peters, he was murdered in Kismayu (now Somalia) on December 1, 1886

Kalulu (c. 1870–87) Henry Stanley’s loyal boy servant who traveled with him from 1882, before drowning in the River Congo

Kenyatta, Jomo (1894–1978) Leading Kenyan politician; arrested by the British in 1952 and imprisoned; released in 1961, he took control of the negotiations for independence and became the first president of Kenya in December 1963, holding that office until his death

Kiano, Jane (dates unknown) American-born wife of Dr. Julius Kiano; she was influential in Barack Obama senior obtaining a scholarship to the University of Hawaii

Kiano, Dr. Julius Gikonyo (1930–2003) An influential politician and educationalist who supported Tom Mboya’s “student airlift” in the 1960s

Kibaki, Mwai (b. 1931) Kenyan politician and the third president of Kenya; Minister of Finance (1969–81) under Kenyatta; Minister for Home Affairs (1982–88) and Minister for Health (1988–91) under Moi

Kimathi, Dedan (1920–57) Mau Mau leader shot and captured in October 1956, and subsequently hanged; his death effectively brought an end to the Mau Mau emergency

Kimnyole arap Turukat (b. c. 1850) Nandi orkoiyot or spiritual leader who predicted that a big snake would come across their lands belching smoke and fire, widely interpreted as the Uganda Railway

Kisodhi (b. c. 1597) Early Luo leader and (10) great-grandfather of President Obama

Koitalel arap Samoei (1860–1905) Nandi leader who fought the British over the Uganda Railway

Krapf, Dr. Johann Ludwig (1810–81) German Protestant missionary and accomplished linguist who arrived in Zanzibar in 1844

Lansdowne, Lord (1845–1927) Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, fifth Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC; British politician and Irish peer; Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs 1900–1905

Lettow-Vorbeck, General Paul von (1870–1964) Commander of the German forces in East Africa during the First World War

Livingstone, Dr. David (1813–73) Scottish medical missionary; explorer and leading antislavery campaigner who traveled first to South Africa in 1841, then to East Africa in 1866

Lugard, Lord Frederick (1885–1945) British explorer and colonial administrator; High Commissioner of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria 1899–1906

Mackinnon, William (1823–93) Glaswegian ship owner who became chairman of the British East Africa Company

Mboya, Paul (1902–2000) Luo chief who governed Kendu Bay during the 1930s and 1940s; he was in regular conflict with Onyango Obama

Mboya, Tom (1930–69) Leading Luo politician, closely involved in the foundation of the Kenya African National Union (KANU) and Minister of Economic Planning and Development at the time of his assassination in Nairobi on July 5, 1969

Meinertzhagen, Colonel Richard (1878–1967) British officer accused of shooting dead the Nandi supreme chief, Koitalel arap Samoei, in 1905

Mitchell, Sir Philip (1890–1964) Officer in the KAR who rose to the rank of major general; governor of Kenya 1944–52

Moi, Daniel arap (b. 1924) Second president of Kenya 1978–2002, but now tainted by corruption scandals; he lives in retirement near Eldoret and is largely shunned by the current political establishment

Moi, Gideon (b. 1964) Youngest son of ex-president Moi, claimed to have amassed a fortune of £550 million by 2002

Moi, Philip (b. 1956) Son of ex-president Moi, claimed to have amassed a fortune of £384 million by 2002

Msovero (dates unknown) Local chief in Usagara, Kenya, who signed over his land to Karl Peters in 1884

Mutua, Alfred (b. 1970) Official spokesman for the Kibaki government

Nabong’o Shiundu (1841–82) Notorious African slave trader

Ndalo, John Aguk (b. 1924) Luo elder who knew Onyango Obama well; he still lives in Kendu Bay

Ndalo, Raburu (c. 1893–1925) Older brother of Onyango Obama; born in Kendu Bay and died (with his two wives) of smallpox in K’ogelo

Ndesandjo, David Opiyo Obama (1969?–87) Son of Barack Obama senior and Ruth Nidesand and half brother of President Obama; died in a motorcycle accident

Ndesandjo, Mark Okoth Obama (b. 1966?) Eldest son of Barack Obama and Ruth Nidesand and half brother of President Obama; now runs an Internet company and corporate advice company in Shenzhen, China

Ndesandjo, Ruth See Nidesand, Ruth

Ngei, Patrick (b. c. 1934) Friend of Barack Obama senior, now living in Kisumu

Ng’ong’a Odima (b. c. 1880) Corrupt Luo chief who governed the Alego region, north of Winam Gulf under the British

Nidesand, Ruth (b. c. 1940) Teacher from Boston, Massachusetts, who became Barack Obama senior’s third wife; divorced, she later remarried Simeon Ndesandjo; now a kindergarten teacher in Nairobi

Njenga Njoroge, Isaac (c. 1947–69?) Young Kikuyu man found guilty of Tom Mboya’s assassination; allegedly executed on November 25, 1969, although rumors persist that he was spirited off to Ethiopia

Nkrumah, Kwame (1909–72) Charismatic first president of Ghana

Nyabondo, Joseph (b. c. 1924) Brother of Habiba Akumu and great-uncle of President Obama

Nyandega, Kezia See Obama, Kezia

Nyaoke (c. 1875–1935?) Senior wife of Obama (son of Opiyo), mother of Onyango and great-grandmother of President Obama

Nyerere, Julius Kambarage (1922–99) First President of Tanzania who firmly suppressed political opposition, but who also created a strong national identity

Obama, Abo (b. 1968) Alleged half brother of President Obama, born in K’ogelo and now lives in Bracknell, England, with his mother Kezia

Obama, Ann (1942–95) Née Stanley Ann Dunham; second wife of Barack Obama senior and mother of President Obama

Obama, Dr. Auma (b. 1960) Second child of Barack Obama senior and Kezia and half sister of President Obama; now lives in Nairobi

Obama, Barack junior (b. 1961) Forty-fourth president of the United States; born in Hawaii, called Barry as a young boy

Obama, Barack senior (1936–82) Father of President Obama; an economist in the Kenyan government before his death in a road accident in Nairobi in 1982

Obama, Bernard (b. 1970) Alleged half brother of President Obama, born in Kenya, but now lives in Bracknell, England, with his mother, Kezia

Obama, Hawa Auma (b. 1942) Aunt and closest living relative of President Obama, third child of Onyango and Akumu and the younger sister of Barack Obama senior; lives in Oyugis in south Nyanza

Obama, Hussein Onyango (1895–1975) Grandfather of President Obama; born in Kendu Bay but moved to K’ogelo around 1944; farmer and house servant

Obama, Kezia (b. c. 1940) Barack Obama senior’s first wife, born and raised in Kendu Bay; also known as Grace, she now lives in Bracknell, England

Obama, Malik (b. 1958) Eldest son of Barack Obama senior and Kezia and half brother of President Obama; now lives in Siaya (near K’ogelo) but still keeps a house opposite Sarah Obama’s compound

Obama, Omar (b. 1944) Eldest son of Onyango Obama and “Mama” Sarah and half uncle to President Obama; born in K’ogelo and now lives in Boston, Massachusetts

Obama Opiyo (c. 1833–1900?) Great-great-grandfather of President Obama; farmer and Luo warrior who lived in the Kendu Bay area near Lake Victoria

Obama, Sarah (b. 1922) Known as “Mama” Sarah; fifth wife of Hussein Onyango Obama (m. 1941) and stepgrandmother of President Obama; née Sarah Ogwel

Obama, Sarah Nyaoke (1934–2000?) Oldest daughter of Onyango Obama and Akumu

Obama, Sayid (b. c. 1950s) Son of Onyango Obama and “Mama” Sarah (b. K’ogelo); half uncle of President Obama; works in a molasses factory in Kisumu

Obama, Yusuf (b. c. 1950s) Son of Onyango Obama and “Mama” Sarah (b. K’ogelo); half uncle of President Obama

Obama, Zeituni Onyango (b. 1952) Daughter of Onyango Obama and Sarah (b. Kendu Bay); half aunt of President Obama

Obong’o (b. c. 1802) (3) great-grandfather of President Obama; left his ancestral home in K’ogelo and established a homestead in the Kendu Bay area

Ochieng’, William R. (b. 1943) Professor of history at Maseno University, Kisumu

Odera, Sofia (c. 1914–90?) Third wife of Onyango Obama (m. c. 1932)

Odhiambo, Zablon (b. c. 1960) Keeper of Got Ager

Odhiambo Mbai, Dr. Crispin (1954–2003) Senior Luo official of the Kenya constitution review commission; assassinated September 14, 2003

Odhiambo Ochieng’, James (b. 1941) Friend of Barack Obama senior at Harvard

Odinga, Raila (b. 1945) Current prime minister of Kenya; son of Oginga Odinga

Odonei Ojuka, Charles (b. c. 1922) Brother of Habiba Akumu and a great-uncle of President Obama

Ogelo (b. c. 1626) President Obama’s (9) great-grandfather and the first person to settle in K’ogelo

Oginga Odinga, Jaramogi Ajuma (c. 1911–94) Leading Luo politician, government minister, and vice president during early independence in Kenya; from Bondo, a village near K’ogelo in central Nyanza

Ogot, Bethwell A. (b. 1929) Professor of history and incumbent chancellor of Moi University, Eldoret

Okwiri, Jonathan (dates unknown) A teacher from Nyanza who founded the Young Kavirondo Association in 1922

Oluoch, Charles (b. 1948) Second son of Peter Oluoch, who was adopted and raised by his uncle Onyango Obama; retired and living in Kendu Bay

Oluoch, Peter (c. 1923–2000?) Second son of Raburu Ndalo, older brother to Onyango Obama

Oluoch, Wilson Obama (b. c. 1946) Oldest son of Peter Oluoch; runs a general store in Kisumu; attended President Obama’s inauguration in January 2009

Omolo, Leo Odera (b. 1936) An eminent Luo journalist, now living in Kisumu

Onyango Mobam (b. c. 1713) (6) great-grandfather of President Obama; mobam means “born with a crooked back,” and the name was probably corrupted to Obama

Onyango, William (b. c. 1960) A farmer living near Got Ramogi

Opiyo, Laban (b. 1920) Luo elder still living near Kendu Bay; first cousin of Onyango Obama

Otieno, James (b. c. 1920) Luo elder still living in Kendu Bay

Otieno, Joseph (b. c. 1942) Retired farmer and Luo elder from a remote community in Gangu in western Kenya

Otin, Magdalene (b. c. 1938) School friend of Barack Obama senior, still living in a traditional round hut in K’ogelo

Ouko, Dr. Robert (1931–90) Luo minister of foreign affairs in President Moi’s government, assassinated February 12, 1990

Owen, Archdeacon Walter Edwin (1879–1945) Anglican Archdeacon in Nyanza who effectively blunted the political demands of the Young Kavirondo Association in 1922

Owen, Captain William Fitzwilliam (1774–1857) Royal Navy captain who established British control in Mombasa in 1824

Owiny the Great (b. c. 1568) Ancient Luo leader and warrior, and believed to be the (11) great-grandfather of President Obama

Owiny Sigoma (b. c. 1635) Younger son of Kisodhi who fought his brother Ogelo over the family leadership

Patterson, John Henry (1865–1947) Chief engineer on the Uganda Railway who was responsible for shooting dead the two marauding lions of Tsavo

Peters, Karl (1856–1918) German traveler in East Africa and one of the founding members of the Gesellschaft für Deutsche Kolonisation (Society for German Colonization)

Pfeil, Count Joachim von (1857–1924) Colleague of Karl Peters who was also involved in establishing the Gesellschaft für Deutsche Kolonisation

Podho II (b. c. 1452) Probably lived in Pubungu and linked to the spear-and-bead story with his brother Aruwa

Poeschel, Hans (1881–1960) Editor of Deutsch-Ostafrika Zeitung during the First World War

Ramogi Ajwang’ (b. c. 1503) By oral tradition, the first Luo to settle in Kenya, probably around the early sixteenth century

Rarondo, Lando (b. c. 1920) Luo elder and oral historian from the Siaya region

Rebmann, Johannes (1820–76) Swiss Lutheran missionary who joined Johann Krapf in East Africa in 1846

Richburg, Richard B. (b. 1958) The Washington Post’s bureau chief in Nairobi 1991–95 and author of Out of America: A Black Man Confronts Africa, a candid account of his time in Africa

Ruck, Roger, Esme, and Michael (d. 1953) Family of white settlers brutally murdered in January 1953 during the early months of the Mau Mau uprising

Salisbury, Lord (1830–1903) Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, third Marquess of Salisbury, KG, GCVO, PC; was a British prime minister on three occasions and presided over the partition of Africa

Samo, Roy (b. 1981) Local councilor in Kisumu region

Seje (c. 1650) A Luo leader in Nyanza

Seyyid Sa’id (1790–1856) Ruler of Oman and a successful slave trader in the early nineteenth century

Solf, Dr. Wilhelm Heinrich (1862–1926) German secretary of state for the colonies during the First World War

Speke, John (1827–64) British explorer who traveled to the lakes region of central Africa and was the first European to see Lake Victoria

Stanley, Henry Morton (1841–1904) Welsh-born journalist and explorer who famously found Livingstone, and who later circumnavigated Lake Victoria, and then went on to traverse Africa from east to west

Thomson, Joseph (1858–95) Scottish explorer who traveled extensively in Kenya in the early 1880s

Thuku, Harry (1895–1970) Kenyan political activist and founder of the Young Kikuyu Association

Vasco da Gama See Gama, Vasco da

Zheng He (1371/75–1435?) Chinese admiral whose fleet sailed to East Africa in 1414