INTRODUCTION
1 David Thomson, England in the Nineteenth Century (Penguin reprint, London, 1986), p. 169.
2 Ibid., p. 169.
3 Ibid., p. 170.
4 Giles St Aubyn, Queen Victoria: A Portrait (Sinclair Stevenson, London, 1991), p. 169.
5 Walter Bagehot (ed. Miles Taylor), The English Constitution (Oxford World Classics reprint, Oxford, 2009), p. 34.
CHAPTER ONE
1 Walter L. Arnstein, Queen Victoria (Palgrave Macmillan, Basingstoke, 2003), p. 131.
2 Manchester Guardian, 24 June 1837.
3 Cecil Woodham-Smith, Victoria 1819–1861 (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1972), p. 47.
4 Mrs Oliphant, Queen Victoria: A Personal Sketch (Cassell and Company, London, 1901), p. 1.
5 Kate Williams, Becoming Queen (Hutchinson, London, 2008), p. 157.
6 Lynne Vallone, Becoming Victoria (Yale University Press, 2001), p. 1.
7 Dormer Creston, The Youthful Queen Victoria (Macmillan & Co., London, 1952), p. 23.
8 Ibid., p. 85.
9 David Duff, Edward of Kent (Frederick Muller reprint, London, 1973), p. 164.
10 Venetia Murray, High Society in the Regency Period (Penguin, London, 1999), p. 18.
11 Woodham-Smith, op. cit., p. 28.
12 Elizabeth Longford, Victoria RI (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1964), p. 20.
13 Flora Fraser, Princesses: The Six Daughters of George III (John Murray, London, 2004), p. 321.
14 Margaret Homans, and Adrienne Munich, eds., Remaking Queen Victoria (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1997), p. 60.
15 RA Geo 45503–4, quoted Vallone, op. cit., p. 3.
16 John Raymond, ed., Queen Victoria’s Early Letters (Batsford, London, 1963).
17 RA M4–26, Duchess of Kent to Earl Grey, 28 January 1831.
18 Roger Fulford, ed., Dearest Child: Letters from Queen Victoria and the Princess Royal, 1858–1861 (Evans Brothers, London, 1964), p. 125.
19 Theo Aronson, Grandmama of Europe (John Murray paperback, London, 1984), p. 7.
20 Vallone, op. cit., p. 3.
21 Ibid., p. 19.
22 Duff, op. cit., p. 287.
CHAPTER TWO
1 W. H. Hudson, Birds in London (Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1898), see pp. 77–85.
2 Creston, op. cit., p. 65.
3 Vallone, op. cit., p. 200.
4 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 24.
5 Elizabeth Barrett, ‘Victoria’s Tears’.
6 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 121.
7 Katherine Hudson, A Royal Conflict: Sir John Conroy and the Young Victoria (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1994), p. 16.
8 See Fraser, op. cit., p. 360.
9 Creston, op. cit., p. 83.
10 Malcolm Johnson, Bustling Intermeddler? The Life and Work of Charles James Blomfield (Gracewing paperback, Leominster, 2001), p. 41.
11 Stanley Weintraub, Victoria: Biography of a Queen (Unwin, London, 1987), p. 56.
12 Vallone, op. cit., p. 45.
13 Edgar Feuchtwanger, Albert and Victoria: The Rise and Fall of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha (Hambledon Continuum, London, 2006), p. 9.
14 Homans, op. cit., p. 61.
15 RA VIC M5/19, quoted Vallone, op. cit., p. 72.
16 RA VIC/MAIN/Z/111, p. 7.
17 Theodore Martin, Queen Victoria As I Knew Her (William Blackwood and Sons, Edinburgh and London, 1908), p. 64.
18 Vallone, op. cit., p. 20.
19 Weintraub, op. cit., p. 63.
20 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 21.
21 Longford, op. cit., p. 48.
22 Dorothy Marshall, The Life and Times of Queen Victoria (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1972), p. 30.
23 RA VIC 61/22.
24 RA VIC/MAIN/Y/203/81.
25 Laurence Housman, Happy and Glorious: A Dramatic Biography (The Reprint Society, London, 1943), p. 9.
26 Richard Williams, The Contentious Crown: Public Discussion of the British Monarchy in the Reign of Queen Victoria (Ashgate, Aldershot, 1997), p. 193.
27 Feuchtwanger, op. cit., p. 11.
28 Stanley Weintraub, Albert Uncrowned King (John Murray paperback, London, 1998), p. 57.
CHAPTER THREE
1 Oliphant, op. cit., p. 27.
2 Charles Greville, quoted Oliphant, op. cit., p. 29; Creston, op. cit., p. 263.
3 Martin, op. cit., p. 65.
4 Raymond, op. cit., p. 19.
5 Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria (Chatto & Windus reprint, London, 1928), p. 50.
6 Raymond, op. cit., p. 23.
7 Fraser, op. cit., p. 366.
8 K. D. Reynolds, and H. C. G. Matthew, Queen Victoria (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2007), p. 14.
9 See Kate Williams, op. cit., p. 38.
10 Reynolds, op. cit., p. 16.
11 John Plunkett, Queen Victoria, First Media Monarch (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003), p. 97.
12 Ibid., p. 132.
13 Kate Williams, op. cit., p. 267.
14 Manchester Guardian, 24 June 1837.
15 Quoted Rev. Charles Bullock, The Queen’s Resolve: A Jubilee Memorial (Home Words Publishing, London, 1887), p. 39.
16 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 87.
17 Longford, op. cit., p. 101.
18 Vallone, op. cit., p. 100.
19 Christopher Hibbert, Queen Victoria: A Personal History (HarperCollins, London, 2000), p. 50.
20 Feuchtwanger, op. cit., p. 18.
21 Longford, op. cit., p. 112.
22 Alfred Tennyson, ‘Dedication to the Queen’.
23 Martin, op. cit., pp. 60–61
CHAPTER FOUR
1 Oliver Millar, The Victorian Paintings in the Collection of Her Majesty the Queen (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992), p. 67.
2 Matthew Dennison, The Last Princess: The Devoted Life of Queen Victoria’s Youngest Daughter (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2007), p. 23.
3 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 125.
4 Marina Warner, Queen Victoria’s Sketchbook (Macmillan, London, 1979), p. 59.
5 RA VIC/MAIN/Y/88/15.
6 Weintraub, op. cit. (Albert Uncrowned King), p. 78.
7 Ibid., p. 86.
8 Housman, op. cit., p. 90.
9 Quoted Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 133.
10 Warner, op. cit., p. 87.
11 Jeanne Cannizzo, Our Highland Home: Victoria and Albert in Scotland (National Galleries of Scotland, Edinburgh, 2005), p. 7.
12 Longford, op. cit., p. 136.
13 Jonathan Marsden, ed., Victoria and Albert: Art and Love (Royal Collections Publications, London, 2010), p. 55.
14 Ibid.
15 George Rowell, Queen Victoria Goes to the Theatre (Paul Elek, London, 1978), p. 20.
16 Weintraub, op. cit. (Albert Uncrowned King), p. 126.
17 Longford, op. cit., p. 130.
18 Kate Williams, op. cit., p. 235.
CHAPTER FIVE
1 Andrew Sinclair, The Other Victoria: The Princess Royal and the Great Game of Europe (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1981).
2 Marsden, op. cit., p. 26.
3 Warner, op. cit., p. 103.
4 Raymond, op. cit., p. 188.
5 Martin, op. cit., p. 36.
6 John Ruskin, Of Queens’ Gardens.
7 Housman, op. cit., p. 103.
8 Feuchtwanger, op. cit., p. 67.
9 Ibid., p. 45.
10 Warner, op. cit., p. 134.
11 Vallone, op. cit., p. 152.
12 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 195.
13 Marsden, op. cit., p. 26.
14 Millar, op. cit., p. 83.
15 Marsden, op. cit., p. 397.
16 Queen Victoria to the Crown Princess of Prussia, 28 July 1875, quoted Millar, op. cit., p. 5.
17 Homans, op. cit., p. 83.
18 Plunkett, op. cit., pp. 100–01.
19 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 25.
20 Weintraub, op. cit. (Albert Uncrowned King), p. 181.
21 Queen Victoria’s Journal, 9 October 1857.
22 RA VIC/MAIN/M/12/55.
23 Dennison, op. cit., pp. 15–16.
24 Jane Ridley, Bertie: A Life of Edward VII (Chatto & Windus, London, 2012), p. 13.
25 Kate Hubbard, Serving Victoria: Life in the Royal Household (Chatto & Windus, London, 2012), p. 160.
26 Kate Williams, op. cit., p. 331.
27 Roger Fulford, ed., Dearest Mama: Letters Between Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia 1861–64 (Evans Brothers, London, 1968), p. 23.
28 Plunkett, op. cit., p. 46.
29 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 217.
30 Michael De-la-Noy, Queen Victoria at Home (Constable & Robinson, London, 2003), p. 175.
31 Longford, op. cit., p. 226.
32 Raymond, op. cit., p. 204.
33 Ibid., p. 205.
34 Ibid., p. 216.
35 Marshall, op. cit., p. 114.
36 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 99.
37 Benita Stoney, and Heinrich C. Weltzein, My Mistress the Queen: The Letters of Frieda Arnold, Dresser to Queen Victoria, 1854–59, trans. Sheila de Bellaigue (Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 1994), p. 102.
38 Homans, op. cit., p. 72.
39 Longford, op. cit., p. 261.
CHAPTER SIX
1 Weintraub, op. cit. (Albert Uncrowned King), p. 191.
2 Sinclair, op. cit., p. 33.
3 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Child), p. 27.
4 Ibid., p. 95.
5 Ibid., p. 31.
6 Ibid., p. 124.
7 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 270.
8 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Child), p. 96 (fn).
9 Millar, op. cit., pp. 297–98.
10 Dean of Windsor, and Hector Bolitho, eds., Letters of Lady Augusta Stanley (George Howe, London, 1927), p. 169.
11 Longford, op. cit., p. 290.
12 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Child), p. 319.
13 Ibid., p. 320.
14 Ibid., p. 324.
15 Aronson, op. cit., p. 22.
16 Warner, op. cit., p. 158.
17 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Child), pp. 369–70.
18 Millar, op. cit., p. 315.
19 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 305.
20 Helmut Gernsheim, and Alison Gernsheim, Queen Victoria (Longmans, Green and Co., London, 1959), p. 63.
21 Marsden, op. cit., p. 70.
22 Martyn Downer, The Queen’s Knight (Bantam Press, London, 2007), p. 66.
23 Ridley, op. cit., p. 21.
24 Oliphant, op. cit., p. 108.
25 Longford, op. cit., p. 296.
26 Bullock, op. cit., p. 104.
27 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Child), p. 374.
CHAPTER SEVEN
1 Helen Rappaport, Magnificent Obsession: Victoria, Albert and the Death that Changed the Monarchy (Hutchinson, London, 2011), p. 99.
2 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 160.
3 Ibid., p. 161.
4 Gernsheim, op. cit., p. 140.
5 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 45.
6 Longford, op. cit., p. 307.
7 Daphne Bennett, King without a Crown (Heinemann, London, 1977), p. 375.
8 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 109.
9 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 192.
10 Rappaport, op. cit., p. 169.
11 Gernsheim, op. cit., p. 62.
12 Rappaport, op. cit., p. 169.
13 Ibid., p. 173.
14 Marsden, op. cit., p. 332.
15 Marshall, op. cit., p. 164.
16 Raymond, op. cit., p. 292.
17 Plunkett, op. cit., p. 180.
18 Longford, op. cit., p. 308.
19 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 163.
20 Ibid., p. 161.
21 Ibid., p. 178.
22 Dean of Windsor, and Bolitho, eds., op. cit., pp. 258–59.
23 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Mama), p. 24.
24 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 171.
25 Gail Turley Houston, Royalties: The Queen and Victorian Writers (University Press of Virginia, Charlottesville and London, 1999), p. 148.
26 Fulford, ed., Your Dear Letter: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1856–71 (Evans Brothers, London, 1971), p. 209.
27 Vallone, op. cit., p. 14.
28 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 412.
29 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 193.
30 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Dearest Mama), p. 62.
31 Hope Dyson, and Charles Tennyson, eds., Dear and Honoured Lady: The Correspondence Between Queen Victoria and Alfred Tennyson (Macmillan, London, 1969), p. 105.
32 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 186.
33 George Earle Buckle, ed., The Letters of Queen Victoria 1879–85, second series (John Murray, London, 1928), p. 298.
34 Vallone, op. cit., p. xvi.
CHAPTER EIGHT
1 Millar, op. cit., p. 13.
2 Tom Cullen, The Empress Brown: The Story of a Royal Friendship (The Bodley Head, London, 1969), p. 50.
3 John van der Kiste, Sons, Servants and Statesmen: The Men in Queen Victoria’s Life (Sutton, Stroud, 2006), p. 116.
4 Longford, op. cit., p. 325.
5 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 356.
6 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Your Dear Letter), p. 18.
7 Dennison, op. cit., p. 46.
8 Millar, op. cit., p. 147.
9 Ibid., p. 147.
10 Dennison, op. cit., p. 51.
11 Cullen, op. cit., p. 102.
12 Ibid., p. 103.
13 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 34.
14 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 374.
15 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 330.
16 Raymond Lamont-Brown, John Brown, Queen Victoria’s Highland Servant (Sutton, Stroud, 2000), p. 152.
17 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Your Dear Letter), p. 23.
18 Ibid., p. 22.
19 Ibid., p. 203.
20 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 381.
21 Longford, op. cit., p. 326.
CHAPTER NINE
1 Earl of Bessborough, Lady Charlotte Schreiber, Extracts from Her Journal 1853–1891 (John Murray, London, 1952), p. 74.
2 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 216.
3 Longford, op. cit., p. 565.
4 Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria (Chatto & Windus reprint, London, 1928), p. 221.
5 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 377.
6 Helen Rappaport, Queen Victoria: A Biographical Companion (ABC Clio, 2003), p. 56.
7 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 363.
8 Ridley, op. cit., p. 120.
9 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 209.
10 Arthur Ponsonby, Henry Ponsonby, Queen Victoria’s Private Secretary: His Life from His Letters (Macmillan & Co., London, 1943), p. 184.
11 Millar, op. cit., p. 5.
12 Ponsonby, op. cit., p. 73.
13 Longford, op. cit., p. 421.
14 Dennison, op. cit., p. 75.
15 Longford, op. cit., p. 383.
16 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 367.
17 Paul Thomas Murphy, Shooting Victoria: Madness, Mayhem and the Modernisation of the Monarchy (Head of Zeus, London, 2012), p. 355.
18 Ibid., p. 356.
19 Richard Hough, Edward & Alexandra: Their Private and Public Lives (Hodder & Stoughton, London, 1993), p. 139.
20 Dennison, op. cit., p. 77.
21 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 213.
22 Ibid., p. 213.
23 Ridley, op. cit., p. 153.
24 Hough, op. cit., p. 146.
25 Ibid., p. 149.
26 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 216.
27 Longford, op. cit., p. 404.
28 Marsden, op. cit., p. 330.
29 Ponsonby, op. cit., p. 141.
30 Sophie Gilmartin, Ancestry and Narrative in Nineteenth-Century British Literature: Blood Relations from Edgeworth to Hardy (CUP paperback, Cambridge, 2005), p. 118.
31 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 173.
32 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 242.
33 Longford, op. cit., p. 427.
34 Feuchtwanger, op. cit., p. 179.
35 Millar, op. cit., pp. 209–14.
CHAPTER TEN
1 Buckle, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 18.
2 Ibid.
3 Fulford, ed., op. cit. (Your Dear Letter), pp. 200–01.
4 Dennison, op. cit., p. 23; Bullock, op. cit., p. 102.
5 Aronson, op. cit., p. 6.
6 Longford, op. cit., p. 425.
7 St Aubyn, op. cit., 603.
8 Ibid., p. 608.
9 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 338.
10 Millar, op. cit., p. 270.
11 Queen Victoria’s Journal, 1 December 1887, Millar, op. cit., p. 271.
12 Dyson and Tennyson, eds., op. cit., p. 104; Longford, op. cit., p. 421.
13 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 201.
14 Fulford, ed., Darling Child: Private Correspondence of Queen Victoria and the Crown Princess of Prussia, 1871–78 (Evans Brothers, London, 1976), p. 251.
15 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 245.
16 Buckle, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 75.
17 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 445.
18 Buckle, op. cit., vol. 3, p. 298.
19 Ibid., p. 73.
20 Dyson and Tennyson, eds., op. cit., p. 118.
21 Housman, op. cit., p. 415.
22 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 447.
23 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 452.
24 Longford, op. cit., p. 565.
25 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 298.
26 George Earle Buckle, ed., The Letters of Queen Victoria 1886–1901, third series (John Murray, London, 1932), vol. 1, p. 31.
27 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 522.
28 Jeffrey L. Lant, Insubstantial Pageant: Ceremony and Confusion at Queen Victoria’s Court (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1979), p. 103.
29 Bullock, op. cit., p. 200.
30 Strachey, op. cit., p. 170.
31 RA VIC/MAIN/QVJ/1878: 31 Dec.
32 Weintraub, op. cit. (Victoria), p. 391.
33 Lant, op. cit., p. 14.
34 Hugh Roberts, The Queen’s Diamonds (Royal Collection, London, 2012), p. 70.
35 Longford, op. cit., p. 497.
36 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 299.
37 Ibid., p. 307.
38 Lant, op. cit., p. 152.
39 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 305.
40 Ibid., p. 305, p. 304.
41 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 215.
42 Richard Hough, Advice to a Granddaughter: Letters from Queen Victoria to Princess Victoria of Hesse (Heinemann, London, 1975), p. 91.
43 Sophie Gordon, Noble Hounds and Dear Companions (Royal Collection Publications, London, 2007), p. 40.
CHAPTER ELEVEN
1 Buckle, ed., op. cit. (third series), vol. 3, p. 79.
2 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 251.
3 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 551.
4 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 173.
5 Longford, op. cit., p. 558.
6 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 308.
7 Theo Aronson, Heart of a Queen: Queen Victoria’s Romantic Attachments (John Murray, London, 1991), p. 234.
8 Van der Kiste, op. cit., p. 152.
9 Longford, op. cit., p. 575.
10 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 181.
11 Aronson, op. cit. (Heart of a Queen), p. 235.
12 John Matson, Dear Osborne (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1978), p. 104.
13 Van der Kiste, op. cit., p. 160.
14 Strachey, op. cit., p. 258.
15 London Gazette, 15 February 1896.
16 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 320.
17 Hubbard, op. cit., p. 293.
18 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 491.
19 Arnstein, op. cit., p. 188.
20 Roberts, op. cit., p. 43.
21 Hibbert, op. cit., p. 335.
22 Richard Williams, op. cit., p. 177.
23 Ibid., p. 176.
24 St Aubyn, op. cit., p. 286.
25 Dyson and Tennyson, eds, op. cit., p. 148.