The pagination of this digital edition does not match the print edition from which the index was created. To locate a specific entry, please use your ebook reader’s search tools.
Abruzzi, Duke of the. See Duke of the Abruzzi
Abruzzi Spur (or Ridge), 228–29
Adams, Ansel, 232
Adams, Jameson, 133, 141–43, 175, 179, 181, 190, 247–54
Adelaide, South Australia, 47–49, 53, 270
Adélie penguins, 130, 172
adventure-seeking, xv–xvi, 70, 296n6; Antarctic exploration and, 50, 60, 73, 127, 164, 175, 190, 267–69; Arctic exploration and, 4, 14, 24–25, 115–16, 286n4; mountaineering and, 74–87, 132–33, 217–20, 227
Africa, 56, 65, 75, 88–92, 193, 272
Ahngmalokto, 39, 41
Ahweleh, 151, 259–60
Alaska, 3, 88, 95, 117–18
Albert, Prince, 80
Alexandra, Queen, 189, 267
Allakasingwah (alternative spellings include Akatingwa, Alakahsingwah, Allikasingwah, and Aleqasina), 29, 34, 42, 149, 287nn15–16
Alpine Club (British), 81, 235
Alpine Journal, 236
alpinists, 78, 81, 88, 90, 226
Alps, xvii, 65, 75–88, 96, 228, 235, 279
altitude sickness, 186–88, 219, 229, 236
Amedeo of Savoy, Prince Luigi. See Duke of the Abruzzi
American Alpine Club, 94–95
American Geographical Society, 32–33, 98
American Museum of Natural History, 29–33, 100, 115, 154–55, 274
Amundsen, Roald, 42, 55, 131, 141, 267–68, 273–77, 280, 282
Anaukak (alternative spellings include Anaukaq), 42, 149
Andes Mountains, 66, 88
Andrée, S. A., 30
Antarctic (ship), 53–54
Antarctic Ocean. See Southern Ocean
Antarctic Peninsula, 51, 54–55, 65
Antarctica, attraction of, 47, 50, 54, 128–29; early exploration of, 9, 51–58, 103; incomplete knowledge of, 53–56, 102
Arctic: early exploration of, xv–xvii, 4–21, 279
Arctic Club, 94, 153, 263
Arctic Ocean, 6–21, 42–43, 56, 105, 156, 162
Armytage, Bertram, 138–39
Arrol-Johnston automobile, 48, 123, 168
Askoley, 223–25, 261
Associated Press, 274
Astrup, Eivind, 25–26, 28
Aurora Australis (book), 32
Austin, Jane, xi
Australia: Antarctica compared to, 64–65, 73; Antarctic expeditions stopping at, 57, 58, 122; Antarctic explorers from, 56–59, 64–73, 124–28, 269–72; support for Antarctic exploration in, 47–59, 267, 271
Australian Antarctic Exploring Committee, 48, 53
Australian Antarctic Territory, 271
automobile, xiv, 21, 48, 130–31, 136, 139, 168–69
Avatak, 149
Avery, Tom, 213
Axel Heiberg Island, 259
Backstairs Passage, 183, 241
Baffin, William, 4
Baines, A. C., 221–22, 225
Balti porters, 224–37, 261–62
Baltistan, 221–26
Baltoro Glacier, 218–19, 224–26, 232–33, 236–37, 261
Bareux, Ernest, 216
Barker, Elisa, 299n11
Bartlett, Robert, 104–5, 114–19, 146, 151, 157, 161–62, 191–208, 213, 255–56
Bay of Whales, 58, 124, 130, 268
Beardmore Glacier, 180–82, 186, 247–49, 268
Beardmore, William, 121, 123
Beaufoy, Mark, 79
Belgian Antarctic Expedition (1897–99), 103, 130
Belgica (ship). See Belgian Antarctic Expedition
Bennett, James Gordon, 272, 274
Berji Pass, 262
Bernacchi, Louis, 58–59
Biafo Glacier, 224
Big Lead, 44, 107–9, 112, 194–97, 258
Boaz, Franz, 31
Boer War, 56, 60, 267
Borchgrevink, Carson, 53–60, 124, 130–32, 280
Borup, George, 147, 159, 161–62, 192–205, 258
Botta, Erminio, 216
Bowdoin College, 147, 198
Bradley, John R., 117, 153, 295n59
Brainard, David, 9–10, 39
Braldoh River, 223
Bride Peak, 232–33. See also Chogolisa
Bridgman, Herbert, 34
Britain, 70; conception of manhood in, 63, 78–81, 85–87; exploration and, 6–9, 59, 64, 236, 268; government support for exploration in, 4, 55–57, 67, 165–66, 308n6; imperialistic reach of, 47, 50, 96, 185, 189; rivalry with other nations of, 99, 121, 267, 278
British Antarctic Expedition (1898–1900). See Southern Cross Expedition
British Antarctic Expedition (1907–09). See Nimrod Expedition
British Antarctic Expedition (1910–13). See Terra Nova Expedition
British Arctic Expedition (1875–76), 6–9, 26, 43, 105
British Empire, 47–50, 52, 86, 126, 185, 189, 217–23, 267, 282
British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–03). See Discovery Expedition
Broad Peak, 228
Brocherel, Alexis, 216, 228
Brocherel, Emil, 216, 235–36
Brocherel, Henri, 216, 235–36
Brocklehurst, Philip, 133–35, 138, 141, 246
Brontë, Charlotte, xvii
Brooklyn, New York, 22, 103, 273
Browning, Robert, 269
Brun, Frederike, 76
Buckley, Maclean, 127–28
Bull, Henryk, 53–54
Burton, Richard Francis, 89
Bury, J. B., 100
Byrd, Richard, 280–81
Byron, Lord, 5, 77–78
Cagni, Umberto, 13–21, 91, 273
Canada, 3, 88, 95
Canepa, Simone, 15, 20
cannibalism, practice of, 10, 71
Cannon, Henry, 34
Cape Adare, 54–59, 131
Cape Columbia, 158, 160–63, 191–96, 206, 214, 257–58
Cape D’Urville, 36, 42
Cape Evans, xix
Cape Hecla, 43, 105–6
Cape Hubbard, 151, 259–60
Cape Morris K. Jesup, 40, 99
Cape Royds, xix, 134, 142, 150, 247, 253–54; trek back to, 143, 175, 182–83, 244, 250; winter quarters at, 137, 139–40, 163–65, 239
Cape Town, South Africa, 122
Cape Union, 92–95, 105, 113–14
Cape York, 149–50
Carnegie, Andrew, 100
Carrel, Jean-Antoine, 83–84, 87–88
Carrel, Louis, 88
celebrity, appeal of, 23, 27, 60, 144; cult of, 2–3, 21, 265–72, 285–86nn48–50
Chamonix, France, 75–81, 85
Chesterton, G. K., 276
Chimborazo (mountain), 81, 88
China, 218
Chinaman (pony), 177–78, 251
Chogolisa (mountain), 232–36
Christchurch, New Zealand, 127
Christiania, Norway, 12, 20. See also Oslo, Norway
Christmas, 14, 62, 114, 182–84, 186
chronometer, 24
Churchill, Winston, 86–87
Clements Markham Inlet, 158
climate change, xviii, 54, 69, 137, 281–82
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 76–78, 279
Columbia University, 117
Columbus, Christopher, xvi, 20, 45
compasses, use of, 51–52, 107, 166, 207
Concordia Basin, 225–27, 232
Congo, 25, 90
Conway, Martin, 218–20, 225, 232–33, 267
Cook, Edith, 153
Cook, Frederick: Antarctic work of, 54, 102–4, 131; Denali expeditions of, 95, 103, 117–18, 274, 284n7; North Pole expedition of, 22–23, 28, 117–18, 145, 151–56, 259–60, 263, 272–73; public image of, 153, 156, 273–76; versus Peary, 259–60, 272–78, 282; with Peary, 25, 28, 42, 102–3
Cook, James, xvi, 51–52
Copenhagen, Denmark, 259, 272–73
Cornell University, 104, 146, 198
Cotopaxi, 88
Cowes Week, 121
crevasses, 142, 173, 175–82, 234, 241–44, 271, 311n43
Crocker Land, 113, 151
Croker, George, 100, 113
Crowley, Aleister, 219
Croz, Michel, 84–85, 87
Daily Mail (London), 266
Darjeeling, India, 96, 216
Darwin, Charles, 67–68
David, Cara, 68, 127, 270, 297n26
David, T. W. Edgeworth, 263, 282; as geologist, 64, 137–38; as glaciologist, 64, 129–30, 166; character of, 68–70, 127–28, 137–38, 164–67, 170–71, 184, 240–46, 270–71, 278–80, 290n51; joins Nimrod Expedition, 50–51, 64–69, 124–28; Mawson and, 69–70, 73, 165, 170, 184, 206, 269–72; Mount Erebus climb of, 132–36; northern sledge journey of, 141, 143, 163–74, 183–85, 213–14, 236–46
Davis, John King, 245
Day, Bernard, 168
De Filippi, Filippo, 216–37, 261–62, 266
De Long, George, 10
Dedrick, Thomas, 34–39, 41–43
Delta Kappa Epsilon, 116
Denali (mountain), 95, 103, 117–18, 274, 383–84n7
Denmark, 154, 272–73, 275, 277
Detroit Free Press, 275
Devon Island, 259
Dickens, Charles, xvi, 85
dip, compass needle, 185
Discovery (ship), 55
Discovery Expedition: Antarctic activities of, 51–64, 130, 139, 163–67, 186; planning for, 55, 59–61, 65–66; Shackleton and, 45, 60–64, 123–24, 132–34, 178, 189
dogs: advantages of for sledging, 141–42; Peary’s use of, 28–29, 36–44, 105–14, 141, 150, 157–62, 195–98, 255–56; Peary’s view of, 34, 209, 281; use of by British, 7, 61–63; use of for food, 16–21, 29, 37, 62–63, 110, 112, 195, 285n42; use of in Antarctic, 61–63, 123–24, 268; use of in Arctic, xix, 7, 11, 12–21, 150–52, 192, 198–208, 272–73
Douglas, Francis, 83–85
Doyle, Arthur Conan, xvii, 280
Dras Valley, 222–23
Dreadnought (ship), 121
Dry Valley, 164–65, 170–71, 239
Drygalski Glacier, 239
Drygalski Ice Tongue, 172–74, 183, 240, 243–45
Duke of the Abruzzi: Africa and, 90–92, 266, 282; Arctic expedition of, xvi, 12–21, 30, 40, 45–46, 74, 101, 123, 141, 149, 281, 285nn48–50; celebrity status of, xvi, 3, 21, 74–75, 92–95; character of, 12–14, 20, 75, 93, 95, 266, 279; Karakoram expedition of, 95–96, 143–44, 215–16, 218–37, 260–62, 280; Katherine Elkins and, 1–3, 94, 278; mountaineering by, xx, 74–75, 82, 86–88, 266, 292–93n45; naval service of, 93–95, 278; Peary and, 108–9, 266, 277–78
Eagle Island, 45, 146, 206, 263, 276–77, 279, 282
East Antarctic Ice Sheet, 163, 179, 163–67, 243. See also Great Ice Plateau; Polar Plateau
Eckenstein, Oscar, 219–20
Ecuador, 88
Edward VII, xv, 80, 93, 120–22, 219, 263
Edward VII Land. See King Edward VII Land
Edward VIII, 120
Egingwah, 205, 211–12
Elephant Island, 269
Elkins, Katherine, 1–3, 94, 219, 278
Ellesmere Island, 6–9, 36–43, 46, 99, 102, 106, 143, 148, 151, 259; exploration of, 113–14, 158
Encyclopedia Britannica, 221
Endurance (ship), 269
England, 120–22, 172, 209, 267, 276. See also Britain
Eratosthenes, 4
Erebus (ship), 52
Erik (ship), 42, 146, 150–54, 156
Eskimo, as Peary’s term for Inuit, xx, 24, 29, 33, 104, 192
Etah, Greenland, 39–43, 117, 149–53, 156, 194, 259–60
Etukishuk, 151, 259–60
Evening Post (New York), 2
Exploration, Age of, xvi, 144
Explorer’s Club (New York), 103, 274–75
farthest north, 9–10, 15–17, 44, 74, 108–11, 157
farthest south, 48, 52, 59–61, 166, 178, 190
Fenoillet, Alexis, 15, 20
Ferrar, Hartley, 66–67
Fort Conger, 9–10, 35–38, 41, 99, 104, 149
Fort Portal, Uganda, 91
Foundation for the Promotion of the Art of Navigation, 213
Fram (ship), 11–12, 19, 30, 36, 38, 100, 273
France, 51, 56, 99, 278
Franke, Rudolph, 117, 151–54, 156
Frankenstein (book), xvii, 5, 77
Franklin, John, 4, 267
Franklin searches, 4, 6–7, 82
Franz Joseph Land, 12–21, 101
Frobisher, Martin, 4
frostbite, 14, 16, 104, 143, 198, 240, 245, 248, 266
Funafuti Islands, 67–69, 127
Furious Fifties, 51, 126–27
Gagarin, Yuri, 281
Gasherbrum massif, 231, 233
geography, study of, 53–56, 65, 88–89, 101–2
geology, science of, 50, 65–71, 223; Antarctic research in, 132, 137, 164–65, 184
George V, 121, 163
Gerlache, Adrian de, 55, 280
Germany, 55, 87, 99
Giordano, Felice, 83
glaciers, 62, 90–92, 137, 166, 179–83, 218–19, 224–48, 281
Glasgow, Scotland, 74, 95
Glenn, John, 281
Godwin-Austin, Henry, 219
Godwin-Austin Glacier, 219, 226–28, 230–32
Goodsell, John, 147, 151, 159, 161, 194–98, 258
Great Ice Barrier, 52, 58–59, 61, 129–30, 166. See also Ross Ice Shelf
Great Ice Plateau, 179, 192–205, 214. See also Polar Plateau
Great Rift Valley, 65
Great Trigonometrical Survey, 96, 217–19
Greely, Adolphus, 9–11, 35, 38, 103, 273
Greely Expedition (1881–84), 19, 35, 39–41
Greenland, 38–43, 99, 104–6, 112, 117, 149–52, 272, 281; expeditions to, 6–10, 13–14, 22–31, 88, 154–55, 288n47
Gregory, J. W., 65–66
Grinnell Land, 45
Grizi (pony), 178, 246, 250, 252
Hadow, Douglas, 84–85
Hampton, Benjamin, 275
Hampton’s Magazine, 148, 211
Hanson, Nicolai, 58
Harmsworth, Alfred, 34–35
Harper and Brothers, 209
Harrow School, 86
Harvard College, 33, 86
Heart of the Antarctic, In the (book), 266
Henson, Matthew: 1898–92 expedition work of, 34–45; 1905–07 expedition work of, 104–11, 114–15; 1908–09 expedition work of, 97, 150–52, 159–62, 194–214, 256–60; Greenland expeditions work of, 25, 28–29; Inuit and, 159; relationship with Peary of, 25, 97, 146–49, 198–200, 210–12, 256–57, 306n58, 306n62, 308n90
Herbert, Wally, 37, 107, 110, 213, 255
Hillary, Edmund, 280
Himalaya Mountains: exploration of, 96, 102, 146; mountaineering in, xv, 3, 75, 88, 95–96, 143–44, 234, 280. See also Karakoram Mountains
Home of the Blizzard, The (book), 271
Hooker, Joseph, 54
Hörnli Ridge, 83–84
Howchin, Walter, 68–69
Hubbard Medal, 115
Hudson, Charles, 83–85
Hudson, Henry, 4
hunting, big game, 27, 30, 152, 158, 171
Hurst, William Randolph, 135
Hut Point, xix, 130–31, 139–43, 247, 253–54, 269
ice: fascination with, xvi, 5, 76–77, 127, 279
ice ages, 64–65, 69, 73, 137
ice pack, 40, 43, 51–52
ice sheet, 163, 281. See also East Antarctic Ice Shelf
icebergs, 128–29
igloos: use of, 34, 106–7, 112, 161, 192, 195, 201–3, 210, 256–58
Illustrated London News, 86
Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition (1914–16), 268–69
imperialism, 89–92, 102, 121
Independence Bay, 25–27, 29, 41
India, 96, 217–26, 261
Indian Harbor, Labrador, 274
Indus River, 217, 222–23
industrialization, 75, 281
International Geographical Congresses, 26, 54, 98, 101, 112, 147
Inuit, 23, 272–76; American Museum of Natural History and, 31; Peary’s 1898–1902 expedition and, 33–45; Peary’s 1905–06 expedition and, 104–14; Peary’s 1908–09 expedition and, xx, 105, 157–62, 191–214, 257–59; Peary’s Greenland expeditions and, 24, 29; Peary’s view of 35, 104–5, 109, 146–55, 158–59, 301n55
Inukitosoq, 258–59
Ireland, 49, 282
Isserman, Maurice, 231
Italian Alpine Club, 83, 215, 266
Italian Geographical Society, 265
Italy, 12–21, 81–85, 90–95, 101, 111, 215–16, 229, 260, 278
Jackson, Frederick, 12
Jacot-Guillarmot, Jules, 219
Jammu and Kashmir, 220, 222. See also Kashmir
Jane Eyre (book), xvii
Jeannette (ship), 10, 11, 56, 272–73
Jesup, Morris K., 32–34, 46, 100–101, 115–16, 149, 210
Johansen, Hjalmar, 11–12
K2 (mountain), xx, 96, 116, 216–19, 221, 225–32, 262, 280; Duke of the Abruzzi’s expedition to, 215, 226–37
Kabru (mountain), 216
Kane, Elisha Kent, 25, 209
Karakoram Mountains, 95–96, 145, 216–19, 222–37, 260–61, 280–81
Kashmir, 217–23, 260–62
kayaks: use of, 11–12, 15–21
King Edward VII Land, 124
Klondike, 165
Kudlooktoo, 258–59
Labrador, 262, 266, 274
Lady Franklin Bay Expedition (1881–84). See Greely Expedition
Lake Tanganyika, 89
Lake Victoria, 89–91
Lapland, 23
Larsen Glacier, 174, 183, 241
Lauder, Harry, 168
“Lead, Kindly Light” (hymn), 169, 246
leads, sea-ice, 8, 16–21, 40, 199–208, 257–59; Peary halted by, 44, 106–8, 193–96
Lee, Hugh, 29
lecturing, public, 27–28, 48–51, 63, 209, 276–77
Leopold II, 90
Libya, 278
Liguria (ship), 21
Lincoln Sea, 156
Lindbergh, Charles, 281
Lion Ridge, 83–84
Livingstone, David, xvi, 56, 90, 272
Lockwood, James, 9–10, 39
London, 56, 65, 80, 122; explorers’ reception in, 26, 54, 263
London, Jack, 3
London Daily News, xviii, 273
longitude, measurement of, 23, 206–7
Longstaff, Llewellyn W., 60–61
Luigi Amedeo, Prince. See Duke of the Abruzzi
Lyttelton, New Zealand, 122, 125–27
Mackay, Forbes, 133, 138, 254; northern sledge journey work of, 143, 164–67, 183–85, 214, 238–46
MacMillan, Donald, 147, 159, 161, 195–98, 258
magnetic observations, 165–66, 185
magnetic poles, 165–67. See also south magnetic pole
magnetism. See terrestrial magnetism
Maigaard, Christian, 23–24
Maine, 45, 104, 146, 263, 276–77
Mallory, George, 236
Manfred (epic poem), 78
manliness, conceptions of, 32, 85–87, 147–48, 279, 299n11
Marble Point, 239
Markham, Albert H., 7–8, 26, 40, 43, 267
Markham, Clements R., 6–9, 55
Marsdon, George, 138
Marseilles, France, 215, 262
Marshall, Eric, 133–35, 141–43; religious views of, 138, 181; Shackleton and, 138, 142, 179, 206, 297n34; southern sledge journey work of, 175–82, 186–90, 246–54
Marvin, Ross: 1905–06 expedition work of, 104–5; 1908–09 expedition work of, 146, 153, 159, 161, 194–205, 258–59
Mathews, Shailer, 276
Matterhorn, 3, 12, 78, 81–88, 116, 226
Mawson, Douglas, xvi, 227, 282; character of, 58, 70–72, 241, 271, 278, 280; geological work of, 69–73, 137–38; Nimrod Expedition and, 50–51, 64, 124–25, 133–35, 254, 263, 269–70; northern sledge journey work of, 141, 143, 164–74, 183–85, 206, 213–14, 238–46, 267
McKinley, William, 32, 98
McMurdo Sound, 130–31, 140, 164–65
Meditations (book), 70
Melbourne, Australia, 47–49, 53, 59
Melbourne Observatory, 58
Melville, George, 273–75
merchant marine, 60
Messines, Battle of, 272
meteorites, recovered by Peary, 29–32
meteorology, study of, 55, 58, 73, 128
Mexico, 69
Mill, Hugh Robert, 123
Minik (or Mene), 154–55
Missionary Travels and Researches in South Africa (book), 56
Mont Blanc, 75–83, 87, 216, 226
Monte Rosa, 86–87
Montgomerie, Thomas, 217
Monzino, Guido, 146
Moore, Charles, 32
Morgan, Pierpont, 100
motion pictures, 144, 262
Mount Erebus, xix, 52, 131–36, 267
Mount Everest, 218, 236, 280
Mount Harmukh, 217
Mount Hope, 179
Mount Illampu, 95
Mount Kangchenjunga, 75, 96
Mount Kenya, 65
Mount Larsen, 174, 183, 241
Mount Lindesay, 53
Mount Saint Elias, 3, 12–13, 75, 88, 91, 93, 230
Mount Stanley, 92
Mount Terror, 52
Mount Vernon, Virginia, 94
mountaineering, xvi–xvii, 3, 75–96; Antarctic, 132–36; criticized, 85–86; elitist aspects of, 74–75, 78–81, 85–87, 291n17; guided, 76, 79–85, 91–92, 219, 229; Himalayan, 95–96, 217–19; popularization of, 80–81, 86–88
Mountains of the Moon, 89–90. See also Ruwenzori Range
Mumbai, India, 216, 220, 262
Mummery, Albert, 86–87
Murchison, Rodney, 89
Muslim, 220–22, 224
Mussolini, Benito, 278
Mylius-Erichsen, Ludvig, 154
Nansen, Fridtjof, 53, 121–24, 182, 209, 267, 270, 281; Arctic exploration by, 10–14, 16–20, 30, 34, 45; Peary and, 24–26, 33, 40, 44, 46, 105–9, 286n6
Nansen Sound, 151
Nares, George, 6–9, 43, 105, 273–74, 280
Nares Expedition. See British Arctic Exploration of 1875–76
Nares Strait, 104, 156, 259
Nathorst, Alfred, 30
Nation (London), 267
National Geographic Society, 45–46, 115, 213, 274–77
National Weather Service (United States), 9
nationalism: American, 33, 45–46, 98–99, 115–16, 214, 258, 312n88; British, 49–50, 185, 189, 267; Italian, 14, 17, 92
Natural History Museum, 65
Negrotto, Federico, 215, 227, 233
Nepal, 96, 218
Nevado Huasearán (mountain), 95
New Hebrides Islands, 71–72
New South Wales, Australia, 64, 67, 70
New York City, 29–30, 103–4, 120, 145–46; explorers’ reception in, 45, 93–95, 97, 114–15, 153, 263
New York Evening Globe, 265
New York Herald, 56, 90, 277; Cook and, 118, 153, 260, 272–74
New York Times, xv, 2, 20–21, 46, 93; Peary and, 118, 213, 260–63, 265, 274–77
New York World, 154
New Zealand, 127–28, 243, 253–54, 270; Antarctic expeditions stopping at, 59, 122, 125–26, 247, 263, 266–67
Newfoundland, 104
Newnes, George, 56–57
newspapers: exploration coverage of, 25, 56, 117–18, 149, 265–66, 272–78; Peary criticized in, 153–56, 274–76
Nicaragua, 24–25
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 87
Nile River, 89–90
Nimrod (ship), 120–22, 124–25, 167, 183, 191, 239–40, 247, 250
Nimrod Expedition (1908–09), 268–69, 174, 191, 243–44, 253–54; 263, 266; at sea, 51, 122, 125–31; at winter quarters, 130–44, 163–67; launching of, 47–51, 64, 120–26, 146. See also northern sledge journey; southern sledge journey
Nobel Prize, 281
Nooktah, 31
Nordenskiöld, Adolf, 23–24, 286n4
Norgay, Tenzing, 280
North Pole: American claims to, 98, 101, 210–14, 259–60, 273–77; as goal, xv, 3–24, 30–34, 43, 101, 115–16, 175, 258, 268, 280; in cultural imagination, 77, 82, 117–19, 276; race to, 46, 60, 99, 277
North Star Bay, Greenland, 152
northern sledge journey (Nimrod Expedition), 139, 163–74, 182–85, 238–46
Northwest Passage, xvii, 4–6, 282
Norton, Edward, 236
Norway, 9–13, 25, 30, 33, 53, 88
Nova Scotia, 104
Ollier, Cesare, 91–92
Oogueah, 205
Oomanui, 151
Ootah, 205, 212, 258
Osborn, Bradley, 153
Oslo, Norway, 12. See also Christiania, Norway
Oyster Bay, New York, 97, 118, 146
Pacific Ocean, 65–66, 71
pack ice. See ice pack
Pakistan, 218
Panama Canal, 116
Panikpah, 194
Paris, France, 278
Paris Geographical Society, 101
Parish, Henry, 34
Parker, Herschel, 118
Parr, Alfred, 9
Parry, William, 4, 5, 209, 267
Peary, Josephine (Jo), 34; correspondence with Robert Peary, 38, 41–42, 300–301n37; in Arctic, 25, 28–29, 42, 45, 118, 147–49, 152, 155
Peary, Marie, 28, 42, 45, 148–49
Peary, Mary P., 23–25, 27, 42, 45
Peary, Robert E., xvi, xx, 123, 171, 175, 182, 227; 1898–1902 expedition of, 32–45, 154; 1905–06 expedition of, 97–114; 1908–09 expedition of, 116–20, 143–62, 191–214, 255–60, 262–63; character of, 23–27, 37–38, 44–46, 116, 198, 209, 273–79; claims questioned of, 24, 26, 108–13, 154, 201, 205–9, 213–14, 255–56, 273–77, 286n6, 286n10, 307n88, 312n77; Cook and, 22–23, 259–60, 272–82, 300n27, 300n29, 300n32, 300n37; Duke of the Abruzzi and, 95, 215–16; Greenland expeditions of, 10–11, 13–14, 23–31, 149, 154, 288n47; leadership skills of, 158–59, 161, 192, 194–96, 198–201, 256, 299n6, 306–7n67; physical handicaps of, 32–38, 158, 161, 256–57; public image of, 153–56, 265–66, 274–77
Peary Arctic Club, 32–34, 38, 46, 100, 105, 116–18, 153, 274
Peary System, 105, 109, 146, 161–62, 191–92, 195, 201, 294n23
Peck, Anne, 95
penguins, 171–72, 244. See also Adélie penguins
Persuasion (book), xvii
Peter (Peary’s Inuit grandson), 149
Petigax, Joseph, 15, 20, 91–92, 216, 235–36
Petigax, Laurent, 216
Pittsburgh Press, 275
Polar Plateau, 163, 179, 182, 186–90, 247, 268. See also East Antarctic Ice Sheet
Pole of Altitude, ix, 3, 21, 103, 143, 283–84n7. See also Third Pole
Polo, Marco, 20
Pond, James, 27–28, 30
ponies: Antarctic use of, 123–28, 136, 139–42, 163, 167–81, 268, 281; Himalayan use of, 221–23, 261
porters: native, 221–37, 261–62, 308n12
Portland, Maine, 265
Possession Island, Antarctica, 42
pressure ridges, 8, 16–18, 40, 44, 170, 192, 199, 241–42, 248
Priestley, Raymond, 137–38
Ptolemy, Claudius, 89
Pulitzer, Joseph, 154
Quan (pony), 136, 178
Queen’s Hall, 93
Queensland, Australia, 53
racism, 24, 35, 109, 202, 206, 294n18, 301n55
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 220–22
Rdakass. See Urdukas
Regina Elena (ship), 21, 95
religion, 67–68, 219; of polar explorers, 68, 70–71, 149, 202, 247, 251, 301n42, 311n62
Rime of the Ancient Mariner, The (poem), 279
Ritenbeck, Greenland, 23
Roaring Forties, 51
Robeson Channel, 104, 156
Rocky Mountains, 65, 88
Rome, Italy, 93
Roosevelt (ship), 112, 118, 143, 150–52, 194, 255, 258–60, 263; Peary’s vision for, 99–101, 282; performance of, 97, 104–5, 114, 116, 146–48, 156–57, 160, 282
Roosevelt, Theodore: as adventurer, 86–87, 193, 279, 282; Duke of the Abruzzi and, 1, 94; Peary and, xx, 97–101, 115–19, 146–48, 153
Ross, James Clark, 51–53, 132, 163, 166–67, 267
Ross, John, 4, 267
Ross Ice Shelf, xix, 52, 59–64, 131; traversing of, 61–63, 139–43, 163, 176–80, 246–54, 268. See also Great Ice Barrier
Ross Island, 51, 175, 186; winter quarters on, 120, 124, 130–31, 165, 268–69
Ross Sea, 52–56, 127–30, 166, 172, 254
Royal Danish Geographical Society, 273–75
Royal Geographical Society (London), 89, 93; Arctic exploration and, 6–9, 32; Antarctic exploration and, 55, 60, 123, 267; Scott and, 49, 66, 124
Royal Navy, 4, 6–9, 60, 121–22, 125, 141
Royal Scottish Geographical Society, 74–75, 95
Royal Society, 6, 50, 67–68, 137
Rudolph Island, 14, 19–20
Ruskin, John, 85–86
Russia, 30, 96, 217
Ruwenzori Range, 3, 75, 89–93, 230
Sabine, Edward, 6
Sagamore Hill, 97
San Francisco Chronicle, 276
San Francisco Examiner, 153
Saturday Evening Post, 275
Savoia (or Savoy) Glacier, 229
Savoie, Albert, 216
Savoy, House of, xvi, 1, 17, 21, 82, 278, 282
science: practical value of, 49, 71–72; religion and, 67–68; role of in polar exploration, 9–11, 31, 49, 58, 105, 128, 132–37, 165–66
Scotland, 56, 74–75, 95, 133, 168, 172, 185
Scott, Robert Falcon, 48–49, 55–56, 59–60, 64–65, 105, 166, 273, 278; Shackleton and, 61–64, 123–24, 130–33, 138, 176–78, 190, 267, 268
Screaming Sixties, 126–28
scurvy, 8–9, 42, 55, 62–63
sea ice, 7–8, 11–12; traversing, 40, 43–44, 106–14, 273
seasickness, 126–27, 167
Sella, Quintino, 83
Sella, Vittorio, 91, 144, 216, 227–33, 262
Seneca, 37
Shackleton, Emily, 123, 130, 175, 269, 279
Shackleton, Ernest, xvi, xx, 55, 185, 227, 263, 270, 274; Cape Royds activities of, 130–44, 163–67, 175, 239; character of, 60, 123, 181, 190, 265–69, 278–80; health of, 62–64, 142, 178, 186–88, 246–50, 269, 304n77; leadership style of, 58, 120, 128, 131–32, 137, 158–59, 246–48, 269, 280, 298n52; Nimrod Expedition launched by, 47–51, 120–30; Scott and, 57, 61–64, 123–24, 130–33, 178, 268, 290n42, 297n34; southern sledge journey work of, 175–82, 186–91, 195, 206, 214, 236, 246–55
Shebelle River, 278
Shelley, Mary, xvii, 5, 77, 279
Shelley, Percy, 77–78
Shetland Islands, 272
Shigar, Baltistan, 223, 261
Siberia, 10–11, 56
Sigloo, 197, 205, 210
Sind Valley, 222–23
Singh, Pratap, 221
Skardu, Baltistan, 222–23
skiing: Nordic, 10, 12, 62, 70, 124
sledging: Antarctic, 58–59, 61–63, 123, 133–34, 139–43, 163–91, 240–53; Arctic, 11–12, 36–37, 43–44, 158–62, 191–201, 255–59, 272–73, 181; dogs and, 11–20, 36–37, 43, 61–62, 123–24, 158–62, 191, 195–98, 208–14, 255–57; man-hauling and, xix, 62–64, 124, 133–34, 139–43, 163–65, 169–74, 179–90, 240–53, 281; ponies and, 123, 139, 175–81; relaying in, 169, 181
sleeping bags, 134, 139, 170, 266
Smith, Albert, 78–82
Smith Sound, 10, 35–45, 104, 116–17, 146–52, 156
snow blindness, 18, 62, 180, 240–41, 271
Snowy Mountains, 64, 70–71
Socks (pony), 136, 178–81
Somalia, 89, 92, 278, 282
Somervell, Howard, 236
Sorko La (or Pass), 261
South Africa, 60
South African War. See Boer War
South Australia, 69, 73
South Georgia Island, 269
south magnetic pole, 267; as goal, xv, 51–52, 54–55, 58, 124, 163–67, 170–71, 280; route to, 131, 139, 163–64, 183–84; shifting location of, 52, 163, 185, 238–39
South Pacific, 50, 67
South Pole: as goal, xv, 51, 59, 124, 166, 175, 280; dash to, 55, 58–59, 61; race to, 47–51, 101, 268; route to, 124, 131, 139, 163, 176–80, 268
Southern Cross (ship), 57–60, 130–32
Southern Cross Expedition, 56–60, 124, 130
Southern Ocean, 49, 51, 269
southern sledge journey (Discovery), 61–63, 142, 163–64
southern sledge journey (Nimrod), 139, 175–82, 189–91, 246–54
Spanish-American War, 34, 147
Spectator (London), 267
Spitsbergen, 5, 12, 30
Srinagar, Kashmir, 220–22, 261–62
Staircase Peak, 231
Standard (London), 267
Stanley, Henry Morton, 25, 27, 56, 90, 272
starvation, 10, 19–21, 62–63, 112, 171–72, 247–54, 266, 271
Stella Polare (ship), 14, 20
Stephen, Leslie, 87–88
Stewart Island, 266
stoicism, 37–38, 70
survival of the fittest, concept of, 6, 16, 35, 75, 87, 159–60
Sverdrup, Otto, 30, 36, 46
Sweden, 30, 55
Switzerland, 81–87, 219, 221
Sydney, Australia, 47–49, 72–73, 263, 270, 282
Sydney, Nova Scotia, 146, 149, 262–63
Sydney Morning Herald, 48–49
Taft, William Howard, 193, 273
Talilanguaq (Peary’s Inuit grandson), 149
Taylor Valley. See Dry Valley
technology, xv, 4, 75, 145, 220, 265, 280–82; use of in Antarctic exploration, 136; use of in Arctic exploration, xiv, 30–36, 45–46, 99, 148, 156–57
telegraph, 145, 260, 263, 272, 274, 276
Terra Nova Expedition, 268, 280
terrestrial magnetism, 51–55, 58, 73, 164–67
Terror (ship), 52
Third Pole, 280, 283–84n7. See also Pole of Altitude
Thomas, Lowell, 256
Thus Spoke Zarathustra (book), 87
Tibet, 96, 218, 223
Tilman, Bill, 216
Times (London), 1–2, 7, 63; on mountaineering, 81, 85
Titanic (ship), 169
traditional methods: use by Peary, 11, 34, 105, 147–49, 171; use of in exploring generally, xix, 221–23, 236, 244, 279–81
Trans-Antarctic Mountains. See Victoria Land Mountains; Western Mountains
Trollope, Antony, 86
Turin, Italy, 215
Turner, J. M. W., 76
Twain, Mark, 27
Uganda, 89–92
United States, 51, 95, 260
United States Army Signal Corps, 9–10
United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, 23
United States Navy, 23, 26–27, 98, 117, 159
University of Adelaide, 50, 68, 270
University of Cambridge, 66, 76, 100, 219
University of Chicago, 276
University of Glasgow, 66
University of Oxford, 68, 79, 127
University of Sydney, 270
Upernavik, Greenland, 259
Urdukas, 225–26, 237, 261
Urubama River, 66
Ussher, James, 68
Vanuatu, 71
Varese (ship), 94
Venice, Italy, 129, 221
Victor Emmanuel II, 1, 82
Victor Emmanuel III, 20
Victoria, Queen, 80, 85
Victoria Land: coast of, 54, 57, 62, 131, 163–64, 172, 176, 239, 243; exploration of, 52–53, 166
Victoria Land Mountains, 53. See also Western Mountains
Vigne Glacier, 226
volcanoes, 131–36
Voyage of the “Discovery” (book), 63
Wales, 64, 90, 137
Washington, Booker T., 27
Washington, D.C., 23–24, 98, 193, 277
Watertown, Maine, 263
Weaver, Stewart, 231
Weddell Sea, 268–69
Wellman, Walter, 30
West Virginia, 2
Western Mountains, 52, 65, 131, 163, 166, 174–82, 247. See also Victoria Land Mountains
whaling, 51, 53
White House, 1, 94, 115
Whitney, Harry, 152, 259–60
Whymper, Edward, 12, 82–88
Wild, Frank, 141–43, 268–69; southern sledge journey work of, 175–82, 188–90, 246–54
Wilson, Edward, 61–64, 176
Windward (ship), 34, 36, 39, 42, 45
Windy Gap, 231–32
Wolf, Louis, 104–5
women: Arctic expeditions and, 12–13, 147–49, 299n11; mountaineering by, 80–81, 86–87, 95, 218
Wordsworth, William, 76–78
Workman, Fanny Bullock, 218
Workman, William, 218, 236
World Geological Congress, 69
World War I, xviii, 169, 189, 220, 265, 269–72, 277, 280–81
World War II, 281
yachting, 3, 21
Yale University, 147, 198
Yeager, Chuck, 281
Younghusband, Francis, 218, 221
Zanzibar, 89–90
Zermatt, Switzerland, 78, 83–85
Zhak, 226
Zoji La (or Pass), 222
zoology, study of, 10, 57–58
Zumtt Ridge, 3, 86
Zurbriggen, Matthias, 219