NOTES

Abbreviations

CFC – Chopin, Fryderyk, Correspondance, ed. B.E. Sydow, S. Chainaye & D. Chainaye

CJ – Czartkowski, Adam & Jeżewska, Zofia, Fryderyk Chopin

CLA – Liszt, Franz, Correspondance de Liszt avec la comtesse d’Agoult

Hoesick – Hoesick, Ferdynand, Chopin

KFC – Chopin, Fryderyk, Korespondencja, ed. B.E. Sydow

Lubin – Sand, George, Correspondance, ed. Georges Lubin

MH – Mirska, Maria & Hordyński, Władysław, Chopin na Obczyźnie

MS – Marix-Spire, Thérèse, Les Romantiques et la Musique

Niecks – Niecks, Frederick, Chopin as Man and Musician

SCFC – Chopin, Fryderyk, Selected Correspondence, ed. A. Hedley

Chapter 1: A Prodigy Restrained

1. La Presse, 5 November 1849.

2. On the funeral, see: The Musical World, 10 November 1849; Niecks, Vol. II, p.324; Théophile Gautier in La Presse, 5 November 1849; Revue et Gazette Musicale de Paris, 4 November 1849; Berlioz, Selected Letters, p.265, where he includes, probably erroneously, Paul de la Roche.

3. For documents relating to Nicolas Chopin’s origins and move to Poland, see Introdution in Vol. I of CFC; also Gabriel Ladaique, Les Ancêtres Paternels de Frédéric Chopin; also Adam Massalski, Niezbyt Ścisła Ankieta Personalna.

4. Letter to Polish Literary Association, 16/I/1833, and to Fétis, 27/III/1836, in KFC, Vol. I, pp.224 & 227 respectively; also letter from Ludwika Jędrzejewicz to her brother, 21/III/1842, ibid., Vol. II, p.57; Article in Gazeta Korespondenta Warszawskiego i Zagranicznego, p.1733; see also Julian Fontana’s introduction to Chopin’s Complete Works, Paris 1853.

5. Eugeniusz Skrodzki (pseud. G. Wielisław) quoted in CJ, p.7.

6. Ibid., p.12; also K.W. Wójcicki, Cmentarz Powązkowski, Vol. I, p.202; and Eustachy Marylski on pp.55 & 56 of Ms. 7125 in Biblioteka Narodowa, Warsaw.

7. Eugeniusz Skrodzki, quoted CJ, p.12.

8. Nicolas Chopin to his son, 20/XI/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.188.

9. Pamiętnik Warszawski, 4th year, Vol. X, January 1818.

10. Aleksandra z Tańskich Tarezewska, Historia Mego Zycia, p.243.

11. A.E. Koźmian, Wspomnienia, Vol. I, pp.73 & 170.

12. J.U. Niemcewicz, Nasze Przebiegi, in Przegląd Polski, zeszyt 10, 1873, pp.72–81.

13. Wójcicki, op. cit., Vol. II, p.18; see also Hoesick, Vol. I, p.61.

14. KFC Vol. I, p.36.

Chapter 2: School Days

1. Kurier dla Płci Pieęknej, Rok 1, Vol. 1, Warsaw 1823.

2. Letter to Wilhelm Kolberg, 19/VIII/1824, KFC Vol. I, p.40.

3. Kurier Szafarski, ibid., p.43.

4. Ibid., p.42.

5. Ibid., p.45.

6. Krystyna Kobylańska, Nieznane Utwory Chopina w Zapomnianym Albumie, pp.7–8.

7. Eugeniusz Szulc, Nieznana Karta Warszawskiego Okresu Życia Chopina.

8. Franciszek German, Chopin i Literaci Warszawszcy, p.228.

9. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. I, p.59.

10. Letter to Jan Białobłocki, 8/VII/1825, KFC Vol. I, p.48.

11. Letter to Jan Matuszyński, August 1825, ibid., p.52.

12. Letter to parents, 26/VIII/1825, ibid., p.53.

13. See Eugeniusz Szulc, op. cit.; A.E. Odyniec, Wspomnienia, pp.325–6 (although Odyniec places this evening in late 1826 or early 1827, he notes that Chopin was wearing the Lyceum uniform, which would seem to indicate a date prior to July 1826).

14. K.W. Wojcicki, op. cit., Vol. I, p.18. The evening probably took place in the house of Colonel Gutkowski, who died at the beginning of May 1826.

15. Letter to Elsner, 29/VIII/1826, KFC Vol. I, p.72.

16. Wanda Tomaszewska, Chopin w Dusznikach, p.88.

Chapter 3: Musical Genius

1. Letter to Elsner, 29/VIII/1826, KFC Vol. I, p.72.

2. Elsner to Chopin, 27/XI/1831, ibid., p.197.

3. Franciszek German, Chopin i Literaci Warszawszcy, pp.56ff.

4. elated to Friederike Müller, in Niecks, Vol. II, p.340.

5. Eugène Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.270.

6. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 21 September 1834.

7. Letter to family, 12/VIII/1829, KFC Vol. I, p.93.

8. Letter to family, 20/IX/1828, ibid., p.83.

9. Mendelssohn to Fanny Hensel, ibid., p.263.

10. Letter to Tytus, 27/XII/1828, ibid., p.87.

11. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 15 May 1834.

12. Quoted KFC Vol. I, p.88.

13. See note ibid., p.487.

14. J. Reiss, Ślązak Józef Elsner, p.39.

15. Entry in register of the Warsaw Conservatoire, reproduced in Kobylańska, Chopin w Kraju, p.125.

16. Letter to parents, 8/VIII/1829, KFC Vol. I, p.90.

17. Ibid., p.91.

18. Ibid., p.92.

19. Letter to Tytus, 12/IX/1829, ibid., p.104.

20. Letter to parents, 12/VIII/1829, ibid., p.93.

21. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1829, ibid., p.96.

22. Letter to parents, 12/VIII/1829, ibid., p.93.

23. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1829, ibid., p.96.

24. Ibid.

25. Ibid.

26. Letter to parents, 12/VIII/1829, ibid., p.94.

27. Ibid.

28. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, pp.99–102.

29. Ibid.

30. Ibid.

31. Letter to family, 26/VIII/1829, KFC Vol. I, p.101.

Chapter 4: Adolescent Passions

1. Kurier Warszawski, No.230 (29/VIII/1829); Gazeta Polska, No.230 (30/VIII/1829) & 247 (16/IX/1829); Dziennik Powszechny Krajowy, 30/VIII/1829 & 15/IX/1829.

2. Oskar Kolberg’s reminiscences in CJ, p.41.

3. Letter to Tytus, 20/X/1829, KFC Vol. I, p.109.

4. Letter to Tytus, 14/XI/1829, ibid., p.112.

5. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.215.

6. Letter to Tytus, 14/XI/1829, KFC Vol. I, p.112.

7. Kurier Warszawski, 23/XII/1829.

8. Kurier Warszawski, 5/III/1829, p.309.

9. Dziennik Powszechny Krajowy, no. 62, 1830.

10. Karol Kurpiński’s diary, in Hoesick, Vol. I, p.219.

11. Letter to Tytus, 27/III/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.115.

12. Dziennik Powszechny Krajowy, no. 77, 19/III/1830.

13. Kurier Polski, no. 107, 22/III/1830.

14. Kurier Polski, no 110, 26/III/1830.

15. Kurier Polski, no. 107, 22/III/1830.

16. Letter to Tytus, 27/III/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.116.

17. Letter to Tytus, 10/IV/1830, ibid., p.118.

18. Letter to Tytus, 17/IV/1830, ibid., p.121.

19. Letter to Tytus, 27/III/1830, ibid., p.116.

20. Letter to Tytus, 10/IV/1830, ibid., p.120.

21. Ibid.

22. Letter to Tytus, 3/X/1829, ibid., p.108.

23. Letter to Tytus, 15/V/1830, ibid., p.125.

24. Elsner to Chopin, 13/XI/1832, ibid., p.221.

25. Letter to Tytus, 5/VI/1830, ibid., pp.128–9.

26. Ibid., pp.126–7.

27. Letter to Tytus, 21/VIII/1830, ibid., p.130.

28. A. Rajchman, Kolebka Chopina.

29. Letter to Tytus, 31/VIII/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.132.

30. Letter to Tytus, 4/IX/1830, ibid., p.135.

31. Letter to Tytus, 18/IX/1830, ibid., p.138.

32. Letter to Tytus, 14/I/1830, ibid., p.113.

33. Letter to Tytus, 4/IX/1830, ibid., p.137.

34. Letter to Tytus, 5/X/1830, ibid., p.146.

35. K. Wójcicki, Pamiętniki Dziecka Warszawy, Vol. II, p.545.

36. Letter to Tytus, 5/X/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.145.

37. Letter to Tytus, 12/X/1830, ibid., p.147.

38. Chopin’s Album Diary, p.12, in CFC Vol.II, p.210.

Chapter 5: Vienna

1. Letter to family, 14/XI/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.152.

2. Letter to Matuszyński, 22/XI/1830, ibid., p.153.

3. Letter to family, 1/XII/1830, ibid., p.158.

4. Ibid., p.155.

5. Letter to family, 22/XII/1830, ibid., p.160.

6. Letter to family, 1/XII/1830, ibid., p.157.

7. Ibid., p.156.

8. Ibid.

9. Ibid.

10. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, ibid., p.199.

11. Letter to Matuszyński, 26/XII/1830, ibid., p.162.

12. Ibid., p.156.

13. Letter to family, 22/XII/1830, ibid., p.161.

14. Romuald Hube’s memoirs, Biblioteka Jagiellońska Ms. 6687/ II, p.63.

15. Letter to Matuszyński, 26/XII/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.166.

16. Ibid.

17. Ibid., p.163.

18. Ibid., p.162.

19. Ibid., p.163, and Letter to Matuszyński, 1/I/1831, ibid., p.170.

20. Fragment of Chopin’s diary, ibid., p.167.

21. Letter to Elsner, 29/I/1831, ibid., p.171.

22. Letter to family, 22/XII/1830, ibid., p.161.

23. Letter to Matuszyński, 26/XII/1830, ibid., p.165.

24. Fragment of Chopin’s diary, ibid., p.167.

25. Allgemeine Musikalische Zeitung, no. 30, 21 September 1831.

26. Letter to family, 22/XII/1830, KFC Vol. I, p.160.

27. Letter to Matuszyński, 26/XII/1830, ibid., p.164.

28. Ibid., p.161.

29. Letter to Matuszyński, 1/I/1831, ibid., p.168.

30. Ibid., p.162.

31. Stefan Witwicki to Chopin, 6/VII/1831, ibid., p.179.

32. Letter to parents, 16/VII/1831, ibid., p.182.

33. Fragment of Chopin’s diary, ibid., p.167.

34. Flora, no.87, 30 August 1831.

35. Fragments of Chopin’s diary, KFC Vol. I, pp.183–4.

36. See letter to Kumelski, 18/XI/1831, ibid., p.187.

37. Fragments of Chopin’s diary, ibid., pp.185–6.

Chapter 6: Romantic Paris

1. Heinrich Heine, Conditions in France, quoted in Lloyd S. Kramer, Threshold of a New World, p.58.

2. Letter to Kumelski, 18/XI/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.187.

3. See Andrzej Jastrzębski, Jański o Chopinie.

4. Letter to Kumelski, 18/XI/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.186.

5. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, ibid., p.202.

6. Letter to Kumelski, 18/XI/1831, ibid., p.187.

7. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, ibid., p.201.

8. Ibid., pp.199–200.

9. Elsner to Chopin, 27/XI/1831, ibid., p.197.

10. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, ibid., p.203.

11. Letter to Tytus, 25/XII/1831, ibid., p.209.

12. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.174.

13. Ibid., p.21.

14. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, KFC Vol.I, p.201.

15. Ferdinand Hiller, Open Letter to Franz Liszt, in MH, p.69; see also Niecks, Vol. II, p.8; Larry Todd, Mendelssohn, pp.253, 377

16. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.201.

17. Quoted in Hoesick, Vol. II, p.91.

18. A. Orłowski to family, 9/III/1832, quoted in Hoesick, Vol. II, p.47.

19. G.A. Osborne, Reminiscences of Frederick Chopin, p.19. There are several errors of detail in his account, which was written fifty years after the event.

20. Revue Musicale, 3 March 1832.

21. Letter to Nowakowski, 15/IV/1832, KFC Vol. I, p.213.

22. Franz Liszt, op. cit., p.119.

23. Niecks, Vol. I, p.247: interviews with Liszt, Hiller and Franchomme.

24. Zofia Lissa, Chopin w Świetle Korespondencji Wydawców, pp.3ff.

25. Hector Berlioz, Feuilleton in Journal des Débats, 27 October 1849.

26. Juliusz Słowacki, Dzieła, Vol. II, pp.48 & 63.

27. Juliusz Słowacki to mother, 3/IX/1832, KFC Vol. I, p.216.

28. Ferdinand Hiller, Open Letter to Franz Liszt, in MH, p.69.

29. Franz Liszt, op. cit., p.146; also Hector Berlioz, Les Années Romantiques, p.399.

30. Liszt to Pictet, in MS, p.552.

31. Eugène Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.365.

32. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.110.

33. Gutmann, quoted in Niecks, Vol. I, p.265.

34. Kornel Michałowski, Nieznane Wspomnienie o Chopinie, p.206.

35. Hiller, quoted in MH, p.69.

36. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.199.

Chapter 7: Pianist à la Mode

1. Letter to Dominik Dziewanowski, Spring 1833, KFC Vol. I, pp.222–3.

2. Charles Hallé, Life & Letters, p.31.

3. Josef Filtsch to parents, in SCFC, p.216.

4. Ibid.; see also Niecks, Vol. II, p.101.

5. Quoted in MH, p.69.

6. H. de La Touche to George Sand, 31/VII/1844, Lubin Vol. VI, p.594.

7. Ibid.

8. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.177.

9. Ernest Legouvé, Soixante Ans de Souvenirs, Vol. I, p.307.

10. Legouvé to Chopin, KFC Vol. I, p.421.

11. Custine to Chopin, n.d., ibid., p.207; see also MS, p.601, Appendix II.

12. Chopin w Świetle Korespondencji Wydawców, p.10.

13. Ibid., p.8.

14. Ibid., p.10.

15. Inside cover of Chopin’s 1834 diary, Chopin Society Ms. It is clear, from the presence of names such as that of Chopin’s lodger Hoffmann, that this is a list of people who owed the composer money.

16. Antoni Orłowski to family, 29/XI/1832, in Hoesick, Vol. II, p.67.

17. J. Mycielski to wife, 26/IX/1852, in J.M. Smoter, Spór o Listy Chopina do Delfiny Potockiej, p.33.

18. Ibid., pp.31–2.

19. Letter to Tytus, 12/XII/1831, KFC Vol. I, p.204.

20. See George Sand to Grzymała, June 1838, ibid., p.438.

21. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.210.

22. Letter to Franchomme, 18/IX/1833, KFC Vol. I. p.228.

23. Liszt, Chopin and Franchomme to Hiller, 20/VI/1833, ibid., pp.226–8.

24. Hector Berlioz, Les Années Romantiques, p.263; and Selected Letters, p.56.

25. Quoted in MH, p.69.

26. Ibid.

27. Matuszyński to family, SCFC, p.123.

28. MH, p.69. It is worth noting that Delfina Potocka’s father, Stanisław Komar, died at Enghien in 1832, and that her brother later bought a villa there, so she may well have been renting a house in the vicinity in the mid-1830s (I was given this information by Dr H. Fornet, a local resident who made a search of the regional archives of Cergy-Pontoise).

29. Revue Musicale, 21 December 1833.

30. Koncerty Chopina w Paryżu, p.161.

31. Gazette Musicale, 15 May 1834.

32. Rellstab, quoted in Hoesick, Vol. II, p.93.

33. Mendelssohn, quoted in Niecks, Vol. I, p.273.

34. MH, p.133.

35. Letter to Regina Hiller, May 1834, KFC Vol. I, p.303.

Chapter 8: Second Love

1. Liszt to Marie d’Agoult, 13/IX/1834, in CLA, p.113.

2. See Fanny Erskine’s Paris Diary, in Jeremy Barlow, Encounters with Chopin, p.248.

3. Quoted in CJ, p.420.

4. Mikuli, quoted in J.-J. Eigeldinger, Chopin vu par ses Élèves, p.22.

5. Joseph Filtsch to parents, 19/VIII/1842, SCFC, p.221.

6. See J.-J. Eigeldinger, Chopin vu par ses Élèves, p.73.

7. On Chopin’s teaching in general, see J.-J. Eigeldinger, Chopin vu par ses Élèves, pp.34–59; and Niecks, Vol. II, pp.174ff.

8. Rubio, quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.187.

9. Mikuli, quoted in J.-J. Eigeldinger, Chopin vu par ses Élèves, p.24.

10. Matthias, quoted in CJ, p.393.

11. Hector Berlioz, Feuilleton in Journal des Débats, 27 October 1849.

12. Legouvé, op. cit., Vol. I, p.307.

13. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 12 April 1835.

14. Minute-Books of the Association of Polish Ladies in Paris, Vol. III, pp.40–3, in Bibliothèque Polonaise, uncatalogued ms.

15. J.-J. Eigeldinger, Koncerty Chopina w Paryżu, p.166.

16. Letter to Kalasanty Jędrzejewicz, 16/VIII/1835, KFC Vol. I, p.260.

17. Franciszek German, Fryderyk Chopin i Juliusz Słowacki, p.159.

18. Ludwika Jędrzejewicz to Chopin, 15/XII/1835, KFC Vol. I,

p.269.

19. Maria Wodzińska to Chopin, September 1835, ibid., p.261.

20. F. Wieck, quoted in MH, p.138.

21. Mendelssohn to Fanny Hensel, 6/X/1835, KFC Vol. I, pp.406–7.

22. Mendelssohn, Letters to Charlotte and Ignaz Moscheles, pp.125 & 138.

23. Maria Wodzińska to Chopin, September 1835, KFC Vol. I, p.262.

24. See A. Jełowicki, Listy do Ksaweryny Chodkiewiczowej, p.208; also Hoesick, Vol. II, p.124; and J.U. Niemcewicz’s diary, Bibliothèque Polonaise, Ms. P.E. 501, p.70.

25. Kronika Emigracji Polskiej, Vol. IV, 22 February 1836, pp.109–10.

26. See Minute-Books of the Association of Polish Ladies in Paris, Vol. II, p.150 & Vol III, p.38, Bibliothèque Polonaise, uncatalogued ms.

27. Kurier Warszawski, 8 January 1836.

28. Józef Brzowski’s diary, in CJ, p.225.

29. Mme Émile de Girardin, Le Vicomte de Launay, Vol. I, p.169.

30. Quoted by Marquis de Luppé, Astolphe de Custine, pp.200–1.

31. Ibid., p.248.

32. Custine to Chopin, 6/VI/1836, KFC Vol. I, p.419.

33. J.U. Niemcewicz’s diary, Bibliothèque Polonaise, Ms P.E. 501, p.188.

34. Liszt to Marie d’Agoult, CLCA, p.170.

35. Marquis de Luppé, op. cit., p.186.

36. Teresa Wodzińska to Chopin, 14/IX/1836, KFC Vol. I, p.286.

37. Schumann to Heinrich Dorn, 14/X/1836, ibid., p.420.

38. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. I, p.310.

39. Ibid.

40. From Henriette Voigt’s diary, quoted in Niecks, Vol. I, p.311.

41. Quoted in ibid., p.310.

Chapter 9: Art and Politics

1. Marie d’Agoult, Mémoires, p.208.

2. Alexandre Dumas, Mémoires, Vol. II, p.990.

3. Liszt to Marie d’Agoult, December 1839, CLCA, p.313.

4. Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Mes Poisons, p.106.

5. Marie d’Agoult, Mémoires, p.210.

6. Quoted in James Billington, Fire in the Minds of Men, p.154.

7. Nourrit, quoted in Alexandre Dumas, Mémoires, Vol. II, p.613.

8. MS, p.530.

9. Berlioz to Liszt in Gazette Musicale, 11 August 1839.

10. Marie d’Agoult, Mémoires, p.210.

11. Ferdinand Denis, Journal, p.60.

12. CJ, p.212.

13. Ibid., p.213.

14. Ibid., p.214.

15. Ibid., p.215.

16. Ferdinand Hiller, Open Letter to Franz Liszt, in Niecks, Vol. II, p.8.

17. M. Karasowski, Fryderyk Chopin, Vol. II, p.75.

18. Heine, Lutèce, pp.48–9.

19. Marie d’Agoult, Mémoires, p.208.

20. See Z. Markiewicz, Spotkania Polsko-Francuskie, p.75.

21. Władysław Mickiewicz, Żywot Adama Mickiewicza, Vol. II, p.375.

22. Letter to Teresa Wodzińska, 1/XI/1836, KFC Vol. I, p.291.

23. Maria Wodzińska to Chopin, ibid., p.289.

24. Maria Wodzińska to Chopin, 25/I/1837, ibid., p.295; and Spring 1837, p.297.

25. A. Malvezzi, La Principessa Cristina di Belgiojoso, Vol. II, p.209.

26. CJ, p.219.

27. George Sand to Marie d’Agoult, 6/IV/1837, Lubin Vol. III, p.769.

28. Marie d’Agoult to George Sand, 8/IV/1837, ibid., p.807.

29. Custine to Chopin, Spring 1837, KFC Vol. I, pp.424–5.

30. CJ, pp.223–33.

31. Ibid., p.232.

32. Ibid., pp.234–5.

33. Chopin to Fontana, July 1837, KFC Vol. I, p.306.

34. Stanisław Egbert Kozmian to brother, July 1837, in Hoesick, Vol. II, p.145.

35. See Z. Jabłoński, Chopin w Anglii.

36. Letter to Teresa Wodzińska, 14/VIII/1837, KFC Vol. I, p.307.

37. See John Sellards, Dans le Sillage du Romantisme.

38. George Sand, Journal Intime, p.86.

39. Letter to Marie de Rozières, 2/XI/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.279.

40. See J. Słowacki to mother, February 1845, ibid., p.126; and Władysław Mickiewicz, op. cit., Vol. IV, p.255.

41. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.16.

42. Charles Hallé to parents, 30/XI/1836, in Jeffrey Kallberg, Small Fairy Voices, pp.51–2.

43. J.-J. Eigeldinger, Koncerty Chopina w Paryżu, p.148.

44. Heine, Lettres Confidentielles, in Revue et Gazette Musicale de Paris, 4 February 1838.

Chapter 10: Love Above All

1. MS, p.619.

2. Marquis de Luppé, op. cit., p.199.

3. George Sand to Grzymała, May 1838, Lubin Vol. IV, pp.428–39.

4. Balzac, Lettres à Madame Hanska, Vol. I, pp.584–5.

5. Letter to Grzymała, n.d., KFC Vol. I, p.325.

6. George Sand to Grzymała, May 1838, Lubin Vol. IV, pp.428–39.

7. Ibid., p.438.

8. George Sand to Grzymała, June 1838, ibid., p.445.

9. Letter to Grzymała, n.d., KFC Vol. I, p.325.

10. Félicien Mallefille to Chopin, ibid., p.441.

11. George Sand to Delacroix, 7/IX/1838, Lubin Vol. IV, pp.480ff.

12. Ibid.

13. See Curtis Cate, George Sand, p.457.

14. Custine to Sophie Gay, 22/X/1838, CFC Vol. II, p.279.

15. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, Lubin Vol. IV, p.512.

16. Quoted in Marcel Godeau, Le Voyage à Majorque de George Sand et Frédéric Chopin, p.54.

17. Letter to Fontana, 15/XI/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.327.

18. George Sand, Un Hiver à Majorque, p.10; also George Sand to Christine Buloz, 14/XI/1838, Lubin Vol. IV, p.515.

19. Letter to Fontana, 3/XII/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.330.

20. George Sand to Grzymała, 3/XII/1838, Lubin Vol. IV, p.528.

21. Letter to Pleyel, 21/XI/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.443.

22. Letter to Fontana, 14/XII/1838, ibid., p.332.

23. George Sand to Gauthier d’Arc, 14/XI/1838, Lubin Vol. IV, p.521.

24. Letter to Fontana, 28/XII/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.333.

25. George Sand, Un Hiver à Majorque, p.107.

26. Letter to Fontana, 28/XII/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.332.

27. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 22/I/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.569.

28. Letter to Fontana, 14/XII/1838, KFC Vol. I, p.332.

29. Letter to Fontana, 28/XII/1838, ibid., p.333.

30. Letter to Grzymała, 12/III/1839, ibid., p.341.

31. George Sand, Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. XX, p.146.

32. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 22/I/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.569.

33. See George Sand, Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. XX, p.161, where she says that she would gladly have stayed on another two or three years, and George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 22/I/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.560, where she has no intention of leaving.

34. For evidence discrediting an alleged excursion to Arenys de Mar by George Sand and Chopin, see Por qui escribi Chopin in Arenys de Mar; Curtis Cate, George Sand, p.476.

35. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 15/II/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.569.

36. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 26/II/1839, ibid., p.577.

37. Un Hiver à Majorque, written Autumn 1840, and Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. XX, started in 1848.

38. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 18/III/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.588.

39. Letter to Grzymała, 12/III/1839, KFC Vol. I, p.341.

40. Letter to Fontana, end of March 1839, ibid., p.342.

41. Letter to Fontana, 28/XII/1838, ibid., p.333.

42. Letter to Fontana, 12/III/1839, ibid., pp.339–40.

43. Ibid., p.340.

44. Letter to Fontana, n.d., ibid., p.338.

45. Letter to Grzymała, 12/IV/1839, ibid., p.345.

46. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 26/IV/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.646.

47. Letter to Fontana, 7/III/1839, KFC Vol. I, p.337.

48. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, April 1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.625.

49. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 26/IV/1839, ibid., p.645.

50. Letter to Grzymała, 2/6/1839, KFC Vol. I, p.349.

51. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 3/VI/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.663.

Chapter 11: Conjugal Life

1. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 15/VI/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.684.

2. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 20/VI/1839, ibid., p.688.

3. For this and other medical information, see: Czesław Sielużycki, Chopin, Geniusz Cierpiący; O Zdrowiu Chopina, and Korekty do Ikonografii Chopinowskiej; Sergiusz Gurewicz, Miał Wyostrzoną Wrażliwość; Sir James Clark, A Treatise on Pulmonary Consumption; John O’Shea, Music and Medicine; A. Laskiewicz, Jak przebiegała Choroba Płucna Fryderyka Chopina; Esmond R. Long, A History of the Therapy of Tuberculosis and the Case of Frederick Chopin.

4. The accounts of the Majorcan trip, and various anecdotes in Chopin’s life as related in Histoire de ma Vie, are often either embellished or tendentious, or both, while the letter to Grzymała referred to (12/V/1847) contains one or two inaccuracies and one rather significant untruth: there is firm evidence of her having at least one affair while she was with Chopin.

5. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 20/VI/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.688.

6. Letter to Fontana, 8/VIII/1839, KFC Vol. I, p.353.

7. Ibid., pp.353–4.

8. George Sand to Grzymała, 8/VII/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, p.716.

9. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 24/VII/1839, ibid., p.726.

10. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 18/IX/1839, ibid., p.750.

11. Letter to Fontana, 25/IX/1839, KFC Vol. I, pp.357–8.

12. Letter to Grzymała, 29/IX/1839, ibid., p.358.

13. Letter to Fontana, 8/X/1839, ibid., p.366.

14. Berlioz to Liszt, 22/I/1839, Les Années Romantiques, p.399.

15. Letter to Fontana, 8/VIII/1839, KFC Vol. I, p.354.

16. Marie d’Agoult to Liszt, 19/I/1840, CLCA, p.360.

17. George Sand to Lamennais, 21/VII/1839, Lubin Vol. IV, pp.720–1.

18. Marie d’Agoult to George Sand, 20/VIII/1839, ibid., p.758.

19. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 28/IX/1839, ibid., p.757.

20. Marie d’Agoult to George Sand, ibid., p.798.

21. Marie d’Agoult to Liszt, 30/XI/1839, CLCA, p.321.

22. Liszt to Marie d’Agoult, ibid., p.346.

23. Marie d’Agoult to Liszt, March 1840, ibid., p.412.

24. S. Heller to Robert Schumann, 4/I/1840, quoted by L. Bronarski, Stephen Heller a Chopin, pp.1–3.

25. Friederike Müller’s diary, in Niecks, Vol. II, p.340.

26. See catalogue of sale at Bonham’s, London, 24 March 2009, lot 225; Hoesick, Vol. II, p.85.

27. Charlotte Moscheles, The Life of Moscheles, Vol. I, p.295.

28. Mendelssohn to Moscheles, in Letters of Felix Mendelssohn to Charlotte and Ignaz Moscheles, p.97.

29. See E. Perenyi, Liszt, pp.206–9.

30. Emil Smidak, Moscheles, p.121.

31. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.71.

32. Ibid., p.73.

33. Balzac to Eveline Hanska, 28/V/1843, in Balzac, Lettres à Madame Hanska, Vol. II, p.226.

34. Gaubert to George Sand, 1/IV/1840, in Autour de Chopin et de George Sand.

35. Friedericke Müller’s diary, in Niecks, Vol. II, p.340.

36. George Sand to Hippolyte Châtiron, 2/II/1846, Lubin Vol. IV, p.861.

37. George Sand to Hippolyte Châtiron, 1/VII/1840, Lubin Vol. V, p.88.

38. Ibid., p.98.

39. Chopin to Grzymała, 13/VII/1842, quoted Aleksander Janta, Losy i Ludzie, pp.243–4.

40. George Sand to Maurice, 20/IX/1840, Lubin Vol. V, pp.132–3.

41. See MS, pp.579–80.

Chapter 12: The Church of Chopin

1. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 18/IV/1841, Bibliothèque Nationale Ms, N.A.Fr. 16273, f. 36.

2. Marie d’Agoult to Lehmann, 21/IV/1841, quoted in SCFC, p.193.

3. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 18/IV/1841, Bibliothèque Nationale Ms, N.A.Fr. 16273, f. 36.

4. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.78.

5. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 2 May 1841.

6. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.78.

7. La France Musicale, 2 May 1841.

8. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 2 May 1841.

9. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.279.

10. Quoted in Arthur Hedley, Chopin, p.131.

11. Schumann in Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, no. 10 1841.

12. Schumann, O Fryderyku Chopinie, p.37.

13. Elsner to Chopin, 14/IX/1834, KFC Vol. I, p.246.

14. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.10.

15. Gazette Musicale de Paris, 2 May 1841.

16. Schumann in Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik, no. 10 1841.

17. Quoted in Bronarski, Chopin et l’Italie, p.16.

18. Quoted in Arthur Hedley, Chopin, p.54.

19. Balzac, Lettres à Madame Hanska, 6/IV/1843, Vol. II, p.189.

20. Balzac, Ursule Mirouet, quoted in Balzac, Correspondance, Vol. IV, p.408.

21. Custine to Chopin, KFC Vol. I, p.422; and Delacroix, Correspondance Générale, Vol. II, p.286.

22. Anton Rubinstein, La Musique et ses Représentants, p.71.

23. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.100.

24. Letter to Fontana, 11/IX/1841, KFC Vol. II, p.34.

25. George Sand to Hippolyte Châtiron, 26/IV/1841, Lubin Vol. V, pp.29–30.

26. Witwicki to Zaleski, 2/V/1841, Stefan Witwicki, Listy do J.B. Zaleskiego, p.69.

27. Josef Filtsch to parents, 8/III/1842, SCFC, p.217.

28. Letter to Fontana, 20/VIII/1841, KFC Vol. II, p.31.

29. George Sand to Dr Gaubert, 1/VIII/1841, Lubin Vol. V, p.391.

30. Letter to Fontana, early June 1841, KFC Vol. II, p.20.

31. Letter to Fontana, 24/VIII/1841, ibid., p.33.

32. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 11/VII/1841, Lubin Vol. V, p.361.

33. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 29/VIII/1841, ibid., p.407.

34. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, ibid., pp.362–3; see also Teresa Czerwińska, Dziennik Podróży Józefa Kalasantego Jędrzejewicza.

35. Witwicki to Mickiewicz, 29/VII/1841, Bibliothèque Polonaise Ms., P.E. 696/13.

36. Wilhelm von Lenz, quoted in CJ, p.410.

37. Josef Filtsch to parents, 8/III/1842, SCFC, p.216.

38. La France Musicale, 27 February 1842.

39. George Sand to Hippolyte Châtiron, 4/III/1842, Lubin Vol. V, p.607.

40. Kornel Krzeczunowicz to Teofil Ostaszewski, 26/II/1842, Biblioteka Jagiellońska Ms, Przyb. 51/64.

41. Letter to Grzymała, n.d., KFC Vol. II, p.59.

42. 42. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 29/IV/1842, Lubin Vol. V, p.647.

43. George Sand to Delacroix, 28/V/1842, ibid., p.682.

44. Ibid.

45. Ibid.

46. Delacroix to Pierret, 7/VI/1842, Delacroix, Correspondance Générale, Vol. II, p.108.

47. Delacroix to Pierret, 22/VI/1842, ibid., p.114.

48. Ibid., p.111.

49. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 25/VII/1842, Lubin Vol. V, p.733.

50. Fontana to sister, early May 1842, Biblioteka Narodowa Ms, 7133, f.10.

51. See Kornel Michałowski, Nieznane wspomnienie o Chopinie, pp.204–5.

52. Marie de Rozières to A. Wodziński, erroneously dated in CFC, Vol. III, p.81.

53. Leonard Niedźwiedzki’s diary, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kórnik, Ms, B.K. 2416, f. 133.

54. Ibid., f. 138.

55. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 8/VI/1843, Lubin Vol. VI, p.163.

56. George Sand to Maurice, 6/VI/1843, ibid., p.156.

57. Delacroix to George Sand, 30/V/1842, Delacroix, Correspondance Générale, Vol. II, pp.104–5.

Chapter 13: The End of the Affair

1. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 28/X/1843, Lubin Vol. VI, p.253.

2. Maurice to George Sand, 18/XI/1843, ibid., p.287.

3. George Sand to Grzymała, 18/XI/1843, ibid., p.284.

4. George Sand to Ferdinand François, November 1843, ibid., p.915.

5. George Sand, Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. XX, p.160.

6. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, June 1844, Lubin Vol. VI, p.565.

7. Zofia Rozengardt’s diary, Biblioteka Jagiellońska Ms, 9261, f. 23, verso, entry for 2 January 1844.

8. Ibid., f. 24. The score in question has recently come to light in South Africa, still bearing the inscription in pencil.

9. Zofia Rozengardt to her brothers, 24/XII/1843, Biblioteka Jagiellońska Ms, 9292.

10. Charles Hallé, Life & Letters, p.34; and Wilhelm von Lenz, quoted in CJ, pp.416–17; Wilhelm von Lenz quoted in CJ, p.412. See A. Hedley, Nieznana Uczennica Chopina; also T. Niesmieyanova and S. Semienovsky, Dnievnik Uchenitszy Shopena.

11. George Sand to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, July 1844, Lubin Vol. VI, p.574.

12. Letter to Marie de Rozières, 11/VIII/1844, KFC Vol. II, p.104.

13. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 18/IX/1844, Lubin Vol. VI, p.621.

14. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 22/VIII/1844, ibid., p.605.

15. George Sand to Delacroix, 12/XI/1844, ibid., p.691.

16. Letter to George Sand, 5/XII/1844, KFC Vol. II, p.383.

17. Ibid.

18. Charles Hallé, Life & Letters, p.36.

19. Hector Berlioz, Memoirs, pp.465–6.

20. See Leonard Niedźwiedzki’s diary, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kórnik, Ms, B.K. 2416, pp.221, 234, 131, etc.

21. Louis Blanc, Histoire de la Révolution de 1848, p.210.

22. Louis Moreau Gottschalk, Notes of a Pianist, p.33; also S. Frederick Starr, Bamboula, p, 60.

23. Solange to Marie de Rozières, 3/VII/1845, Lubin Vol. VII, p.9.

24. Letter to family, 13/VII/1845, KFC Vol. II, pp.136–7.

25. Ibid., pp.138–42.

26. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 19/VII/1845, Lubin Vol. VII, p.63.

27. Quoted by Charlotte Marliani in letter to George Sand, 20/X/1849, Lubin Vol. IX, p.298.

28. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 19/VIII/1845, Lubin Vol. VII, p.63.

29. Letter to family, 13/VII/1845, KFC Vol. II, p.141.

30. George Sand to Chopin, late September 1845, Lubin Vol. VII, p.97.

31. George Sand to Charlotte Marliani, 7/XI/1845, ibid., p.159.

32. Letter to family, August 1845, KFC Vol. II, p.146.

33. Letter to family, 12–26/XII/1845, ibid., p.155.

34. Ibid., p.157.

35. Turgenev to Pauline Viardot, November 1846, I.S. Turgeniev, Lettres à Mme Viardot, p.4.

36. George Sand, Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. I, p.267.

37. George Sand, Lucrezia Floriani, p.4.

38. Ibid. p.249.

39. Caroline Jaubert, Souvenirs, p.43.

40. Quoted in Z. Markiewicz, Spotkania Polsko-Francuskie, p.71.

41. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 24/VII/1846, Lubin Vol. VII, p.430.

42. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 18/VI/1846, ibid., p.378.

43. Delacroix to Villot, 16/VIII/1846, Delacroix, Correspondance Générale, Vol. II, p.283; and Chopin to Franchomme, 30/VIII/1846, KFC Vol. II, p.165; Letter to Franchomme, 30/VIII/1846, ibid., p.398; J. Starzyński, Delacroix et Chopin, p.10.

44. Quoted in G. Lubin, George Sand en Berry, pp.28–9.

45. Quoted in S. Chainaye & D. Chainaye, De quoi vivait Chopin?, p.100.

46. Letter to Franchomme, 8/VII/1846, KFC Vol. II, p.396.

47. Letter to family, 11/X/1846, ibid., p.175.

48. Ibid., p.170.

49. Liszt to Marie d’Agoult, 10/II/1847, Liszt, Correspondance avec la Comtesse d’Agoult, Vol. II, p.374.

Chapter 14: An Ugly Fracas

1. Letter to family, 11/X/1846, KFC Vol. II, p.175.

2. Letter to family, 28/III/1847, ibid., p.193.

3. Ibid., p.191.

4. Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.309.

5. Letter to family, 8/VI/1847, KFC Vol. II, p.204.

6. Letter to George Sand, 10/IV/1847, ibid., pp.190–1.

7. Letter to family, 28/III–19/IV/1847, ibid., p.194.

8. Letter to family, 8/VI/1847, ibid., p.204.

9. Ibid., p.203.

10. George Sand to Grzymała, 12/V/1847, Lubin Vol. VII, p.700.

11. Letter to family, 8/VI/1847, KFC Vol. II, pp.202 & 205.

12. George Sand to P.J. Hetzel, 12/V/1847, Lubin Vol. VII, p.703.

13. George Sand to Grzymała, 12/V/1847, ibid., pp.700–1.

14. Letter to George Sand, 15/V/1847, KFC Vol. II, p.200.

15. Letter to family, 8/VI/1847, ibid., p.204.

16. George Sand to Hortense Allart, 22/VI/1847, Lubin Vol. VII, p.756.

17. Solange to Chopin, 12/VI/1847, erroneously dated in KFC Vol. II, pp. 210 & 415.

18. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 16?/VII/1847, Lubin Vol. VIII, p.12.

19. See Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.322; also Chopin to George Sand, 24/VII/1847, KFC Vol. II, pp.417–18; Chopin to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 26/XII/1847, ibid., p.224 (‘w swoim sławnym liście mi pisała że zięćniezły’); and Franchomme’s account, in Niecks, Vol. II, p.200.

20. Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.322.

21. Letter to George Sand, 24/VII/1847, KFC Vol. II, pp.417–18.

22. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 25/VII/1847, in Autour de Chopin et de George Sand.

23. George Sand to Emmanuel Arago, 18–26/VII/1847, Lubin Vol. VIII, pp.18–49.

24. George Sand to Louis Viardot, 1/XII/1847, Bibliothèque Nationale Ms., N.A.Fr. 16273, ff. 69–72.

25. Quoted in Lubin Vol. VIII, p.49 note.

26. George Sand to Chopin, 28/VII/1847, ibid., pp.54–5.

27. Pauline Viardot to George Sand, 19/XI/1847, MS, pp.235–6; and Louis Viardot to George Sand, 19/XI/1847, postscript, quoted in SCLC, p.298.

28. George Sand to Pauline Viardot, 1/XII/1847, Bibliothèque Nationale Ms, N.A.Fr. 16273, f. 70.

29. See George Sand to Emmanuel Arago, 18–26/VII/1847, Lubin Vol. VIII, p.48.

30. George Sand to Marie de Rozières, 14/VIII/1847, ibid., p.72.

31. Franz Liszt, Chopin, p.247.

32. Letter to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 26/XII/1847, KFC Vol. II, p.225.

33. Quoted in S. Szenic, Maria Kalergis, p.183.

34. Quoted by Koźmian in Przegląd Poznański, Vol. IX, 1849, p.690.

35. Jeremy Barlow, Encounters with Chopin, p.246.

36. Letter to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 26/XII/1847, KFC Vol. II, p.225.

37. Jeremy Barlow, Encounters with Chopin, p.248.

38. Letter to Solange, 24/XI/1847, KFC Vol. II, p.424; and Princess Czartoryska to Chopin, end of December 1847, ibid., p.224.

Chapter 15: London and Scotland

1. Letter to family, 11/II/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.229.

2. Letter to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 10/II/1848, ibid., p.228.

3. G.A. Osborne, Reminiscences of Frederick Chopin, pp.102–3.

4. Josef Filtsch, quoted in SCFC, p.216.

5. G.A. Osborne, op. cit., p.102.

6. Revue et Gazette Musicale, 28 February 1848; also Le Ménestrel, 20 February 1848.

7. Custine to Chopin, erroneously dated in KFC, Vol. I, p.422.

8. Letter to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 26/XII/1847–6/I/1848, ibid., p.225.

9. Letter to Solange, 5/III/1848, ibid., p.431.

10. George Sand, Histoire de ma Vie, Vol. XX, p.254.

11. SCFC, p.309.

12. Letter to Fontana, 4/IV/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.239.

13. A.E. Koźmian in Przegląd Poznański, Vol. IX, 1849, p.687.

14. Letter to Marie de Rozières, private collection, Vienna.

15. Letter to Franchomme, 1/V/1848, KFC Vol. II, pp.434–5.

16. Letter to Gutmann, 6/V/1848, ibid., p.436.

17. See Ralph Waldo Emerson, Journals & Miscellaneous Notebooks, Vol. X, pp.285, 337, 442–3; and Letters, Vol. IV, p.84; also Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.266.

18. Letter to Grzymała, 4/V/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.244.

19. Letter to Grzymała, 13/V/1848, ibid., p.245.

20. Berlioz, Memoirs, pp.33–4.

21. Letter to Grzymała, 13/V/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.245.

22. Letter to Gutmann, 6/V/1848, ibid., p.436.

23. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, ibid., p.264.

24. Queen Victoria’s diary, Windsor, entry for 15 May 1848.

25. Letter to unknown correspondent, 1/VI/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.246.

26. Letter to Grzymała, 2/VI/1848, ibid., p.249.

27. Quoted by Hoesick, Vol. III, p.183.

28. Letter to Gryzmała, 2/VI/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.249.

29. Letter to Grzymała, 21/X/1848, ibid., p.283.

30. William Thackeray, Letters and Private Papers, Vol. II, p.390.

31. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.263.

32. Jane Welsh Carlyle, quoted in A. Bone, Jane Wilhelmina Stirling, p.66.

33. Thomas & Jane Welsh Carlyle, Collected Letters, Vol. XXIII, p.69.

34. Daily News, 10 July 1848.

35. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.272.

36. Letter to Grzymała, 21/X/1848, ibid., p.283.

37. Kornel Michałowski, Nieznane Wspomnienie o Chopinie, p.211.

38. Letter to Grzymała, 2/VI/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.248.

39. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, ibid., p.272.

40. Mrs Grote to Alexandra Faucher (Wołowska), 3/VII/1848, Institut de France Ms, 6028, no. 72.

41. Letter to family, 19/VIII/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.269.

42. Letter to Grzymała, 2/VI/1848, ibid., p.249.

43. Letter to Grzymała, 18/VII/1848, ibid., p.253.

44. Kornel Michałowski, Nieznane Wspomnienie o Chopinie, p.211.

45. Letter to Franchomme, 11/VIII/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.257.

46. Letter to Thomas Albrecht, 1/IX/1848, Towarzystwo im. Fryderyka Chopina Ms.

47. G.A. Osborne, op. cit, p.101.

48. Manchester Guardian, 30 August 1848.

49. G.A. Osborne, op. cit., p.101.

50. Charles Hallé, Life & Letters, p.111; also S. Brookshaw, Chopin in Manchester, p.22.

51. Letter to Thomas Albrecht, 1/IX/1848, Chopin Society Ms.

52. Letter to Grzymała, 9/IX/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.274.

53. Ibid.

54. Letter to Franchomme, 11/VIII/1848, ibid., p.257.

55. Letter to Fontana, 18/VIII/1848, ibid., pp.259–60.

56. Letter to Grzymała, 1/X/1848, ibid., p.276.

57. Sir James Hedderwick, quoted in A. Bone, Jane Wilhelmina Stirling, pp.73–4.

58. Letter to Gutmann, 16/X/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.281.

59. Letter to Grzymała, 10/X/1848, ibid., p.278.

60. See Niecks, Vol. II, p.292.

61. Letter to Grzymała, 30/X/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.285.

62. Letters to Grzymała, 17–18/XI/1848, 30/X/1848, 17–18/XI/ 1848 respectively, ibid., pp.285 & 287.

63. Marcelina Czartoryska to Adam Czartoryski, 17/XI/1848, Biblioteka xx Czartoryskich Ms., Ew. XVII/841, kk.541–4.

64. Letter to Grzymała, 21/XI/1848, KFC Vol. II, p.289.

65. Leonard Niedźwiedzki private diary, Polska Akademia Nauk, Kórnik, Ms 2416, p.278.

Chapter 16: The Jealousy of Heaven

1. Letter to Solange, 30/I/1849, KFC Vol. II, p.292.

2. Letter to Solange, 13/IV/1849, ibid., p.294.

3. See Delacroix, Journal, Vol. I, p.364.

4. Pauline Viardot to George Sand, KFC Vol. II, p.450.

5. Letter to Grzymała, 18/VI/1849, ibid., p.299.

6. Letter to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 25/VI/1849, ibid., p.301.

7. Marcelina Czartoryska to Władysław Czartoryski, 16/V/1849, Biblioteka xx Czartoryskich Ms, Ew. XVII/951, k.107.

8. Letters to Grzymała, 28/VII/1849 & 3/VIII/1849, KFC Vol. II, pp.309–11 & 312.

9. Ibid., p.312.

10. Ludwika Jędrzejewicz to Kalasanty Jędrzejewicz, Towarzystwo im. Fryderyka Chopina Ms.

11. George Sand to Ludwika Jędrzejewicz, 1/IX/1849, KFC Vol. II, p.458.

12. Cyprian Norwid, Czarne Kwiaty, in Pisma Wybrane, Vol. V, pp.37–9.

13. For details of Chopin’s last apartment and its furnishings, see Henri Musielak, Dokumenty dotyczące Spadku po Chopinie.

14. See Zaleski to Koźmian, J.B. Zaleski, Korespondencja, Vol. II, p.128.

15. George Sand to Étienne Arago, 11/XI/1849, Autour de Chopin et de George Sand, no. 28.

16. Aleksander Jełowicki to Ksawera Grocholska, 21/X/1849, KFC Vol. II, pp.318–21.

17. Jules Janin, Lettres a sa Femme, Vol. I, p.476.

18. Pauline Viardot to George Sand, KFC Vol. II, p.464.

19. George Sand to Étienne Arago, 11/XI/1849, in Autour de Chopin et de George Sand; see also Z. Krasiński, Listy do Jerzego Lubomirskiego, p.525; Grzymała to Auguste Léo, KFC Vol. II, p.462; Sand to Étienne Arago, 11/XI/1849, in Autour de Chopin et de George Sand.

20. Solange Clésinger, Frédéric Chopin, Souvenirs Inédits, p.229.

21. Quoted in Niecks, Vol. II, p.321.

22. Ludwika Ciechomska’s account (in CJ, p.321, originally printed in Kurier Warszawski, 7 August 1882), which claims, among other things, that Gutmann was not in Paris at the time, must be treated with caution. Gutmann’s presence is attested in Grzymała’s, Solange’s and Niedźwiedzki’s accounts.

23. George Sand, Visages du Romantisme, p.83.

24. See Ludwika Jędrzejewicz to Kalasanty Jędrzejewicz, Towarzystwo im. Fryderyka Chopina Ms; and Henri Musielak, Dokumenty dotyczące Spadku po Chopinie.

25. Cyprian Norwid, in Dziennik Polski, Poznań, 25 October 1849, no. 117.

26. Anton Rubinstein, Autobiography, p.119.

27. Saint-Saëns, Portraits et Souvenirs, pp.102, 106.

28. Elias Canetti, Party in the Blitz, London 2005, p.3.

29. Delacroix to Grzymała, 7/I/1861, KFC Vol. II, p.467.

30. Solange Clésinger, Frédéric Chopin, Souvenirs Inédits, p.226.