CHAPTER 2

  1.   “2020 Climate & Energy Package,” European Commission, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/strategies/2020_en (accessed February 20, 2019).

  2.   “About the Group,” Green New Deal Group, https://www.greennewdealgroup.org/?page_id=2 (accessed February 9, 2019).

  3.   New Economics Foundation, A Green New Deal: Joined-Up Policies to Solve the Triple Crunch of the Credit Crisis, Climate Change and High Oil Prices, July 20, 2008, https://neweconomics.org/2008/07/green-new-deal (accessed March 12, 2019).

  4.   Katy Nicholson, ed., Toward a Transatlantic Green New Deal: Tackling the Climate and Economic Crises, prepared by the Worldwatch Institute for the Heinrich Böll Foundation (Brussels: Heinrich-Böll-Stiftung, 2009), 6 (quoted).

  5.   “Countdown to Copenhagen: Germany’s Responsibility for Climate Justice,” Oxfam Deutschland, November 2009, https://www.oxfam.de/system/files/20091111_Programm.pdf (accessed February 7, 2019).

  6.   Philipp Schepelmann et al., A Green New Deal for Europe: Towards Green Modernisation in the Face of Crisis, ed. Jacki Davis and Geoff Meade, vol. 1 (Brussels: Green European Foundation, 2009).

  7.   Edward B. Barbier, Rethinking the Economic Recovery: A Global Green New Deal, report prepared for the United Nations Environment Programme, April 2009, https://www.cbd.int/development/doc/UNEP-global-green-new-deal.pdf (accessed March 12, 2019).

  8.   Ibid., 16.

  9.   Enric Ruiz-Geli and Jeremy Rifkin, A Green New Deal: From Geopolitics to Biosphere Politics, bilingual ed. (Barcelona, Basel, and New York: Actar, 2011).

  10.   New Deal 4 Europe, “Petition to the European Parliament,” http://www.newdeal4europe.eu/en/petition (accessed February 5, 2019).

  11.   Jill Stein and Ajamu Baraka campaign, “The Green New Deal,” 2016, https://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/jillstein/pages/27056/attachments/original/1478104990/green-new-deal.pdf?1478104990 (accessed March 12, 2019).

  12.   Greg Carlock and Emily Mangan, A Green New Deal: A Progressive Vision for Environmental Sustainability and Economic Stability, Data for Progress, September 2018, http://filesforprogress.org/pdfs/Green_New_Deal.pdf (accessed March 12, 2019).

  13.   “Draft Text for Proposed Addendum to House Rules for 116th Congress of the United States,” November 2018, https://docs.google.com/document/d/1jxUzp9SZ6-VB-4wSm8sselVMsqWZrSrYpYC9slHKLzo/edit#heading=h.z7x8pz4dydey (accessed January 3, 2019).

  14.   Jason Channell et al., Energy Darwinism II: Why a Low Carbon Future Doesn’t Have to Cost the Earth, Citi GPS report, 2015, https://cusdi.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/ENERGY-DARWINISM-II-Why-a-Low-Carbon-Future-Doesn%E2%80%99t-Have-to-Cost-the-Earth.-Citi-GPSI.pdf (accessed March 24, 2019), 8.

  15.   Pilita Clark, “Mark Carney Warns Investors Face ‘Huge’ Climate Change Losses,” Financial Times, September 29, 2015, https://www.ft.com/content/622de3da-66e6-11e5-97d0-1456a776a4f5 (accessed January 8, 2019).

  16.   Mario Pickavet et al., “Worldwide Energy Needs for ICT: The Rise of Power-Aware Networking,” paper presented at the 2008 International Conference on Advanced Networks and Telecommunication Systems, 2, doi:10.1109/ants.2008.4937762; Lotfi Belkhir and Ahmed Elmeligi, “Assessing ICT Global Emissions Footprint: Trends to 2040 & Recommendations,” Journal of Cleaner Production 177 (January 2, 2018): 448, doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.12.239.

  17.   Belkhir and Elmeligi, “Assessing ICT Global Emissions Footprint,” 458.

  18.   Ibid., 458–59.

  19.   Apple, “Apple Now Globally Powered by 100 Percent Renewable Energy,” news release, April 9, 2018, https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2018/04/apple-now-globally-powered-by-100-percent-renewable-energy/ (accessed January 15, 2019).

  20.   Urs Hölzle, “100% Renewable Is Just the Beginning,” Google news release, December 12, 2016, https://sustainability.google/projects/announcement-100 (accessed February 7, 2019).

  21.   Facebook, “2017 Year in Review: Data Centers,” news release, December 11, 2017, https://code.fb.com/data-center-engineering/2017-year-in-review-data-centers/ (accessed February 7, 2019).

  22.   “Companies,” RE100, http://there100.org/companies (accessed February 22, 2019).

  23.   “The AT&T Issue Brief on Energy Management,” August 2018, https://about.att.com/ecms/dam/csr/issuebriefs/IssueBriefs2018/environment/energy-management.pdf (accessed February 22, 2019); “Intel Climate Change Policy Statement,” December 2017, https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/corporate-responsibility/environment-climate-change-policy.html (accessed February 22, 2019); Cisco, “CSR Environmental Sustainability,” https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/about/csr/impact/environmental-sustainability.html (accessed February 22, 2019).

  24.   Steven Levy, “The Brief History of the ENIAC Computer: A Look Back at the Room-Size Government Computer That Began the Digital Era,” Smithsonian Magazine, November 2013, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-brief-history-of-the-eniac-computer-3889120/ (accessed March 12, 2019).

  25.   Simon Kemp, Digital in 2018: Essential Insights into the Internet, Social Media, Mobile, and Ecommerce Use Around the World, Hootsuite and We Are Social Global Digital Report, 3.

  26.   Peter Diamandis, “Solar Energy Revolution: A Massive Opportunity,” Forbes, September 2, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/peterdiamandis/2014/09/02/solar-energy-revolution-a-massive-opportunity/#7f88662d6c90 (accessed March 12, 2019); Solarponics, The Complete Homeowners’ Guide to Going Solar, 2016, https://solarponics.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/chgtgs.pdf (accessed March 24, 2019), 1.

  27.   LeAnne Graves, “Record Low Bids Submitted for Abu Dhabi’s 350MW Solar Plant in Sweihan,” The National, September 19, 2016, https://www.thenational.ae/business/record-low-bids-submitted-for-abu-dhabi-s-350mw-solar-plant-in-sweihan-1.213135 (accessed March 3, 2019).

  28.   IRENA, Renewable Power Generation Costs in 2018, International Renewable Energy Agency (Abu Dhabi, 2019): 18.

  29.   Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis—Version 12.0, 2018, https://www.lazard.com/media/450784/lazards-levelized-cost-of-energy-version-120-vfinal.pdf (accessed March 12, 2019).

  30.   Ramez Namm, “Smaller, Cheaper, Faster: Does Moore’s Law Apply to Solar Cells?” Scientific American Guest Blog, March 16, 2011, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/smaller-cheaper-faster-does-moores-law-apply-to-solar-cells/ (accessed March 24, 2019).

  31.   Cristina L. Archer and Mark Z. Jacobson, “Evaluation of Global Wind Power,” Journal of Geophysical Research 110 (2005): 1, doi:10.1029/2004JD005462.

  32.   Mark A. Jacobson et al., “100% Clean and Renewable Wind, Water, and Sunlight All-Sector Energy Roadmaps for 139 Countries of the World,” Joule 1 (September 6, 2017): 35.

  33.   Richard J. Campbell, The Smart Grid: Status and Outlook, Congressional Research Service, April 10, 2018, https://fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R45156.pdf, 8.

  34.   Electric Power Research Institute, Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid: A Preliminary Estimate of the Investment Requirements and the Resultant Benefits of a Fully Functioning Smart Grid, March 2011, https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/Estimating_Costs_Benefits_Smart_Grid_Preliminary_Estimate_In_201103.pdf (accessed March 24, 2019), 1–2.

  35.   Electric Power Research Institute, Estimating the Costs and Benefits of the Smart Grid, 4; Electric Power Research Institute, The Power to Reduce CO2 Emissions: The Full Portfolio, October 2009, https://www.smartgrid.gov/files/The_Power_to_Reduce_CO2_Emission_Full_Portfolio_Technical_R_200912.pdf (accessed March 23, 2019), 2–1.

  36.   Pieter Gagnon et al., Rooftop Solar Photovoltaic Technical Potential in the United States: A Detailed Assessment, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, January 2016, vii–viii.

  37.   Jürgen Weiss, J. Michael Hagerty, and María Castañer, The Coming Electrification of the North American Economy”: Why We Need a Robust Transmission Grid, Brattle Group, 2019, 2.

  38.   Kerstine Appunn, Felix Bieler, and Julian Wettengel, “Germany’s Energy Consumption and Power Mix in Charts,” Clean Energy Wire, February 6, 2019; Rob Smith, “This Is How People in Europe Are Helping Lead the Energy Charge,” World Economic Forum, April 25, 2018, https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2018/04/how-europe-s-energy-citizens-are-leading-the-way-to-100-renewable-power/ (accessed March 5, 2019).

  39.   Edith Bayer, Report on the German Power System, Version 1.2, ed. Mara Marthe Kleine, commissioned by Agora Energiewende, 2015, 9.

  40.   Appunn, Bieler, and Wettengel, “Germany’s Energy Consumption and Power Mix in Charts.”

  41.   Melissa Eddy, “Germany Lays Out a Path to Quit Coal by 2038,” New York Times, January 26, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/26/world/europe/germany-quit-coal-2038.html (accessed March 4, 2019).

  42.   Sharan Burrow, “Climate: Towards a Just Transition, with No Stranded Workers and No Stranded Communities,” OECD Insights, May 23, 2017, http://oecdinsights.org/2017/05/23/climate-towards-a-just-transition-with-no-stranded-workers-and-no-stranded-communities/ (accessed March 27, 2019).

  43.   Ibid.

  44.   Energie Baden-Württemberg, “International Committee of Experts Presents Road-Map for Climate Protection,” news release, September 21, 2006, https://www.enbw.com/company/press/press-releases/press-release-details_9683.html (accessed February 7, 2019).

  45.   BW, Integrated Annual Report 2017, https://www.enbw.com/enbw_com/downloadcenter/annual-reports/enbw-integrated-annual-report-2017.pdf (accessed May 14, 2019), 3.

  46.   E.ON, “Separation of E.ON Business Operations Completed on January 1: Uniper Launched on Schedule,” news release, January 1, 2016, https://www.eon.com/en/about-us/media/press-releases/2016/2016-01-04-separation-of-eon-business-operations-completed-on-january-1-uniper-launched-on-schedule.html (accessed February 7, 2019).

  47.   Vattenfall, “Fossil-Free Living Within a Generation,” in German, https://fossilfreedom.vattenfall.com/de/ (accessed February 28, 2019); RWE, “Comprehensive Approach to Energy Transition Needed,” news release, April 9, 2018, http://www.rwe.com/web/cms/en/3007818/press-releases/amer/ (accessed February 28, 2019).

  48.   International Renewable Energy Agency, A New World: The Geopolitics of the Energy Transformation, 2019, https://www.irena.org/publications/2019/Jan/A-New-World-The-Geopolitics-of-the-Energy-Transformation (accessed March 24, 2019), 28.

  49.   Jeremy Rifkin, The Third Industrial Revolution: How Lateral Power Is Transforming Energy, the Economy, and the World (New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011); Paul Panckhurst and Peter Hirschberg, eds., “China’s New Leaders Burnish Image by Revealing Personal Details,” Bloomberg News, December 24, 2012, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2012-12-24/china-s-new-leaders-burnish-image-by-revealing-personal-details (accessed March 13, 2019).

  50.   Liu Zhenya, “Smart Grid Hosting and Promoting the Third Industrial Revolution,” in Chinese, Science and Technology Daily, December 5, 2013, http://h.wokeji.com/pl/kjjy/201312/t20131205_598738.shtml (accessed February 7, 2019).

  51.   The White House, “U.S.–China Joint Announcement on Climate Change,” news release, November 11, 2014, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/11/11/us-china-joint-announcement-climate-change (accessed February 1, 2019).

  52.   Seb Henbest et al., New Energy Outlook 2018: BNEF’s Annual Long-Term Economic Analysis of the World’s Power Sector out to 2050, BloombergNEF, 2018, https://bnef.turtl.co/story/neo2018?teaser=true (accessed January 16, 2019).

  53.   Li Hejun, China’s New Energy Revolution: How the World Super Power Is Fostering Economic Development and Sustainable Growth Through Thin Film Solar Technology (New York: McGraw Hill Education, 2015), x–16.

  54.   Hanergy Holding Group Limited, “Hanergy and the Climate Group Host Forum on ‘The Third Industrial Revolution & China’ with Dr. Jeremy Rifkin,” news release, Cision PR Newswire, September 9, 2013, https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hanergy-and-the-climate-group-host-forum-on-the-third-industrial-revolution—china-with-dr-jeremy-rifkin-222930411.html (accessed March 23, 2019).

  55.   Hanergy and APO Group–Africa Newsroom, “Running Without Charging: Hanergy Offers New Solar-Powered Express Delivery Cars to China’s Top Delivery Companies,” news release, December 2018, https://www.africa-newsroom.com/press/running-without-charging-hanergy-offers-new-solarpowered-express-delivery-cars-to-chinas-top-delivery-companies?lang=en (accessed March 5, 2019).

  56.   “Hanergy’s Alta Devices Leads the Industry, Setting New Efficiency Record for Its Solar Cell,” PV Europe, November 15, 2018, https://www.pveurope.eu/Company-News/Hanergy-s-Alta-Devices-Leads-the-Industry-Setting-New-Efficiency-Record-for-Its-Solar-Cell (accessed March 5, 2019).

  57.   Michael Renner et al., Renewable Energy and Jobs: Annual Review 2018, International Renewable Energy Agency, https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2018/May/IRENA_RE_Jobs_Annual_Review_2018.pdf (accessed March 13, 2019), 15.

  58.   CPS Energy, “Who We Are,” https://www.cpsenergy.com/en/about-us/who-we-are.html (accessed February 22, 2019).

  59.   Greg Harman, “Jeremy Rifkin on San Antonio, the European Union, and the Lessons Learned in Our Push for a Planetary-Scale Power Shift,” San Antonio Current, September 27, 2011, https://www.sacurrent.com/sanantonio/jeremy-rifkin-on-san-antonio-the-european-union-and-the-lessons-learned-in-our-push-for-a-planetary-scale-power-shift/Content?oid=2242809 (accessed March 24, 2019).

  60.   Business Wire, “RC Accepts Application for Two New Nuclear Units in Texas,” news release, November 30, 2007, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20071130005184/en/NRC-Accepts-Application-Nuclear-Units-Texas (accessed March 14, 2019).

  61.   “NRG, CPS Energy Meet with Toshiba on Nuclear Cost,” Reuters, November 12, 2009, https://www.reuters.com/article/utilities-nuclear-nrg/nrg-cps-energy-meet-with-toshiba-on-nuclear-cost-idUSN1250181920091112 (accessed March 23, 2019).

  62.   Lazard, “Lazard’s Levelized Cost of Energy Analysis—Version 12.0.”

  63.   Gavin Bade, “Southern Increases Vogtle Nuke Price Tag by $1.1 Billion,” Utility Dive, August 8, 2018, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/southern-increases-vogtle-nuke-pricetag-by-11-billion/529682/ (accessed May 8, 2019); Grace Dobush, “The Last Nuclear Power Plant Under Construction in the U.S. Lives to See Another Day,” Fortune, September 27, 2018, http://fortune.com/2018/09/27/vogtle-nuclear-power-plant-construction-deal/ (accessed March 28, 2019).

  64.   Rye Druzin, “Texas Wind Generation Keeps Growing, State Remains at No. 1,” Houston Chronicle, August 23, 2018, https://www.houstonchronicle.com/business/energy/article/Texas-wind-generation-keeps-growing-state-13178629.php (accessed March 24, 2019).

  65.   Mark Reagan, “CPS Energy Sets One-Day Record for Wind Energy Powering San Antonio,” San Antonio Current, May 31, 2016, https://www.sacurrent.com/the-daily/archives/2016/03/31/cps-energy-sets-one-day-record-for-wind-energy-powering-san-antonio (accessed March 24, 2019).

  66.   Gavin Bade, “Chicago’s REV: How ComEd Is Reinventing Itself as a Smart Energy Platform,” Utility Dive, March 31, 2016, https://www.utilitydive.com/news/chicagos-rev-how-comed-is-reinventing-itself-as-a-smart-energy-platform/416623/ (accessed February 7, 2019).

  67.   Ibid.

  68.   Ben Caldecott et al., Stranded Assets and Renewables: How the Energy Transition Affects the Value of Energy Reserves, Buildings and Capital Stock, International Renewable Energy Agency, 2017, 5.

  69.   Ibid., 6.

  70.   Ibid., 7.