Titles marked with a single asterisk were particularly useful; those with a double asterisk were indispensable.
National Archives; Foreign Affairs Branch, State Department Decimal File, 1910–1929:
| File No. | 701.6293—Diplomatic Representation of Germany in China |
| 712.94—Relations between Mexico and Japan | |
| 763.72—European War | |
| 812.00—Political Affairs; Mexico | |
| 812.001—Chief Executive of Mexico | |
| 812.113—Fire arms, ammunition, explosives, etc.; Mexico | |
| 812.74—Wireless Telegraph in Mexico | |
| 862.20212—Germany Military Activities in Mexico | |
| 894.20212—Japanese Military Activities in Mexico |
Library of Congress: Diary of Chandler P. Anderson, Robert Lansing Desk Diary and Papers, Woodrow Wilson Papers.
Houghton Library, Harvard University: Joseph C. Grew Papers, Walter Hines Page Diary and Papers, William Phillips Papers.
Yale University Library: Edward M. House Diary and Papers, Frank L. Polk Papers.
**Germany: Official German Documents Relating to the World War. The Reports of the First and Second Subcommittees of the Committee Appointed by the National Constituent Assembly to Inquire into the Responsibility for the War. 2 vols. New York, Oxford: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1923. (Includes 1300 pages of testimony given in 1919 by Bethmann-Hollweg, Helfferich, Zimmermann, Bernstorff, Papen, Hindenburg, Ludendorff, Capelle, Holtzendorff, and others, as well as correspondence, records of High Command conferences, the Admiralty memorandum on submarine warfare, the text of the Zimmermann telegrams of January 16 and February 5, and other documents.)
Great Britain: Foreign Office. Austrian and German Papers Found in the Possession of Mr. James F. J. Archibald, Falmouth, August 30, 1915. Command 8012: London, Harrison, 1915.
United States:
Department of State. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, 1911, 1913, 1914, and Supplements, World War, 1914–18. Washington: G.P.O., 1928–34. (Referred to in Notes as U.S. Foreign Relations.)
———. Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States; The Lansing Papers, 1914–20. 2 vols. Washington: G.P.O., 1939. (Referred to in Notes as U.S. Lansing Papers.)
*Senate Documents. Foreign Relations Committee. Investigation of Mexican Affairs, Report and Hearings. 2 vols. 66th Congress, 2nd Session, Senate Document 285, Washington, 1920. (Referred to in Notes as Senate, Mexican Affairs.)
———. Judiciary Committee. Hearings on Brewing and Liquor Interests and German and Bolshevik Propaganda. 2 vols. 66th Congress, 1st Session, Senate Document 62, Washington, 1919. (Referred to in Notes as Senate, Propaganda.)
Congressional Record. Senate Debate March 1, 1917. 64th Congress, 2nd Session, vol. 54, part 5, pp. 4569–4605.
Mixed Claims Commission. U.S.A. on behalf of Lehigh Valley Rr. et al. against Germany. Docket 8103, vol. 1, exhibits 53, 192, 320. (Contains an affidavit on Code 13040 and other material put in evidence by Admiral Hall.)
Ackerman, Carl. Germany, the Next Republic? New York: G. H. Doran, 1917.
———. Mexico’s Dilemma. New York: G. H. Doran, 1918.
Aston, Sir George. Secret Service. New York: Cosmopolitan, 1930. (The author served in British Intelligence.)
Baker, Newton D. Why We Went to War. New York: Harper, 1936.
**Baker, Ray Stannard. Woodrow Wilson, Life and Letters. 8 vols. New York: Doubleday Doran, 1927–39.
Balfour, Arthur James, Earl of. Essays, Speculative and Political. London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1920.
———. Chapters of Autobiography. London: Cassell, 1930.
Bernhard, Georg. “Le Comte Bernstorff et le Kaiser,” Europe Nouvelle, November 4, 1939.
*Bernstorff, Johann Heinrich, Graf von. My Three Years in America. New York: Scribner’s, 1920.
*———. Memoirs of Count Bernstorff. New York: Random, 1936.
Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von. Reflections on the World War. 2 vols. London: Butterworth, 1920.
Bright, Charles. “Telegraphs in War Time,” Nineteenth Century and After, April 1915.
Bullitt, Ernesta Drinker. An Uncensored Diary of the Central Empires. New York: Doubleday Page, 1917.
Bülow, Bernhard, Fürst von. Memoirs. 4 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1931–32.
*Churchill, Winston Spencer. The World Crisis, 1911–1918. 4 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1923–27.
———. Great Contemporaries. New York: Putnam, 1937.
Corbett, Sir Julian, and Newbolt, Henry. History of the Great War, Naval Operations. 5 vols. (Official history, published by Committee of Imperial Defence.) New York and London: Longmans, 1920–31.
*Czernin, Ottokar, Graf von. In the World War. New York: Harper, 1920.
Daniels, Josephus. The Life of Woodrow Wilson. Chicago: Winston, 1924.
*———. The Wilson Era, vol. 1. The Years of Peace, 1910–1917. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1944–46.
Dearle, N. B. An Economic Chronicle of the Great War for Great Britain and Ireland (Economic and Social History of the World War, British Series). London: Oxford and Yale, 1929.
Diez, Hermann. “Einige Worte über Admiral von Hintze,” Deutsche Revue, July–September 1918.
Dugdale, Blanche E. C. Arthur James Balfour. 2 vols. New York: Putnam, 1937.
**Ewing, Alfred Washington. The Man of Room 40, the Life of Sir Alfred Ewing. London: Hutchinson, 1939. (By his son.)
**Flynn, William J. “Tapped Wires,” Liberty, June 2, 1928.
*Gerard, James W. My Four Years in Germany. New York: G. H. Doran, 1917.
*———. Face to Face with Kaiserism. New York: G. H. Doran, 1918.
Goltz, Horst von der. My Adventures as a German Secret Agent. New York: McBride, 1917. (Would be invaluable if the reader could persuade himself to believe it.)
Grew, Joseph C. Turbulent Era. 2 vols. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1952.
Grey, Edward, Viscount. Twenty-five Years. 2 vols. New York: Stokes, 1925.
*Guzman, Martin Luis. The Eagle and the Serpent. New York: Knopf, 1920. (A first-hand account of revolutionary days and personalities under Carranza and Villa.)
Gwynn, Stephen, ed. The Letters and Friendships of Sir Cecil Arthur Spring-Rice. 2 vols. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1929.
Hagedorn, Hermann. The Bugle that Woke America (selected letters and speeches of Theodore Roosevelt). New York: John Day, 1940.
Hall, Admiral Sir William Reginald, Interview with Daily Mail, reprinted in World’s Work, April 1926.
**Hanssen, Hans Peter. Diary of a Dying Empire. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1955. (By the leader of the Danish minority in the Reichstag and first published in Danish in 1924, this book is among the most valuable of all published German contemporary sources.)
Harris, Frank. Latest Contemporary Portraits. New York: Macaulay, 1927. (Contains a chapter on Bernstorff.)
Hazen, David W. Giants and Ghosts of Central Europe. Portland, Oregon: Metropolitan Press, 1933. (Includes accounts of interviews with Zimmermann and Eckhardt in 1933.)
**Hendrick, Burton J., ed. Life and Letters of Walter Hines Page. 3 vols. New York: Doubleday Page, 1923–26. (First, best, and most careful account of the circumstances in which the telegram was intercepted.)
*Hirsch, Gilbert. “Our Friend Zimmermann,” New York Evening Post, November 25, 1916.
*Houston, David F. Eight Years with Wilson’s Cabinet, 1913–1920. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday Page, 1926.
**James, Admiral Sir William. The Eyes of the Navy; a Biographical Study of Admiral Sir Reginald Hall. London: Methuen, 1956.
Jones, H. P., and Hollister, P. M. The German Secret Service in America, 1914–18. Boston: Small Maynard, 1918.
Keynes, John Maynard. Economic Consequences of the Peace. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1920. (Invaluable for a first-hand portrait of Wilson and analysis of his limitations in diplomacy.)
La Follette, Belle Case and Fola. Robert M. La Follette. 2 vols. New York: Macmillan, 1953.
Landau, Captain Henry. The Enemy Within. New York: Putnam, 1937.
Lane, Franklin K. The Letters of Franklin K. Lane, ed. A. W. Lane and L. H. Wall. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1924.
**Lansing, Robert. War Memoirs. Indianapolis and New York: Bobbs-Merrill, 1935.
*Literary Digest, March 17, 1917, “How Zimmermann United the United States.” (A survey of nationwide press opinion on the telegram.)
Lloyd George, David. War Memoirs. 6 vols. Boston: Little, Brown, 1933–37.
Ludendorff, Erich. Ludendorff’s Own Story, August 1914–November 1918. 2 vols. New York: Harper, 1920.
MacAdam, George. “German Intrigues in Mexico,” World’s Work, September 1918.
*Maximilian, Fürst von Baden. Memoirs. 2 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1928.
*McAdoo, William Gibbs. Crowded Years. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1931.
Moats, Leone B. Thunder in Their Veins. New York and London: Century, 1932. (Mexico during the revolutionary decade, by an observer.)
*O’Shaughnessy, Edith (wife of Nelson O’Shaughnessy, First Secretary and later Chargé d’Affaires of the American Embassy in Mexico City, 1911–14). A Diplomat’s Wife in Mexico; Letters from the American Embassy at Mexico City. New York and London: Harper, 1916.
———. Diplomatic Days. New York: Harper, 1917.
*———. Intimate Pages of Mexican History. New York: G. H. Doran, 1920.
Papen, Franz von. Memoirs, tr. by Brian Connell. London: A. Deutsch, 1932.
Phillips, William. Ventures in Diplomacy. Boston: Beacon, 1953.
Pless, Mary Theresa Olivia, Fürstin von. Daisy, Princess of Pless, by Herself. New York: Dutton, 1929.
Pooley, A. M. Japan’s Foreign Policies. London: Allen and Unwin, 1920.
Providence Journal, pub. A Few Lines of Recent American History. Pamphlet, 23 pp., 1917.
Rathom, John R. “Germany’s Plots Exposed,” World’s Work, February 1918.
Redfield, William C. With Congress and Cabinet. New York: Doubleday Page, 1924.
*Reinsch, Paul S. An American Diplomat in China. New York: Doubleday Page, 1922.
Reischach, Freiherr von. Unter Drei Kaisern. Berlin: Verlag für Kulturpolitik, 1925.
*Rintelen von Kleist, Franz. The Dark Invader, intro. by A. E. W. Mason. London: Lovat Dickson, 1933.
———. Return of the Dark Invader. London: Dickson and Thompson, 1935.
*———. Foreword to Errant Diplomat, The Life of Franz von Papen, by Oswald Dutch (pseud.). London: E. Arnold, 1940.
Roosevelt, Theodore. Fear God and Take Your Own Part. New York: G. H. Doran, 1916.
———. Letters, ed. by Elting E. Morison. 8 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1954.
*———. and Lodge, Henry Cabot. Selections from the Correspondence of …2 vols. New York: Scribner’s, 1925.
Round Table. The Roster of the Round Table Dining Club. New York: privately printed, 1926.
Saturday Evening Post. “War Propaganda,” by One of the War Propagandists, Anonymous. Series of five articles, beginning June 22, 1929. (Internal evidence indicates that the author was George Sylvester Viereck.)
Scott, Hugh L. Some Memories of a Soldier. New York: Century, 1928.
Scott, James Brown. A Survey of International Relations between the United States and Germany, August 1, 1914–April 6, 1917. Based on Official Documents. New York: Oxford, 1917. (Especially Chapter IV, “Censorship of Communications.”)
*Seymour, Charles. The Intimate Papers of Colonel House. 4 vols. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1926–28. (Referred to in Notes as Seymour, IP.)
Sims, Joseph P., ed. Three Wars with Germany. New York: Putnam, 1944. (Correspondence of Admiral Hall and Amos J. Peaslee.)
Somerville, Boyd. “The Frederik VIII at Halifax; story of an epic search,” Living Age, series 8, vol. 16, 1919.
Steed, Henry Wickham. Through Thirty Years. 2 vols. New York: Doubleday Page, 1924.
Strother, French. Fighting Germany’s Spies. New York: Doubleday Page, 1918.
———. “ ‘The Providence Journal Will Say This Morning,’ ” World’s Work, December 1917.
Swope, Herbert Bayard. Inside the German Empire in the Third Year of the War. New York: Century, 1917.
Thwaites, Lieutenant-Colonel Norman. Velvet and Vinegar. London: Grayson and Grayson, 1932. (By the agent who obtained the Bathing Beauty photograph.)
Times, The (London). History of the War. 22 vols. London, 1921.
Tompkins, Colonel Frank. Chasing Villa. Military Service Publishing Co., 1934.
Treat, Payson Jackson. “Japan, America, and the Great War,” A League of Nations, No. 8, December 1918.
Tumulty, Joseph P. Woodrow Wilson as I Know Him. New York: Doubleday Page, 1921.
Viereck, George Sylvester. Spreading Germs of Hate. New York: Liveright, 1930.
———. The Strangest Friendship in History; Woodrow Wilson and Colonel House. New York: Liveright, 1932.
*Voska, Emanuel Viktor, and Irwin, Will. Spy and Counterspy. New York: Doubleday, 1940.
Weale, Putnam (pseud. of Bertram Lenox Simpson). An Indiscreet Chronicle from the Pacific. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1922.
*Wilhelm II. Letters from the Kaiser to the Czar, ed. by Isaac Don Levine. New York: Stokes, 1920. (Referred to in Notes as Willy-Nicky letters.)
Wilson, Henry Lane. Diplomatic Episodes in Mexico, Belgium and Chile. New York: Doubleday Page, 1927.
Yardley, Herbert O. The American Black Chamber. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1931.
Young, George, and Kenworthy, Joseph M. Freedom of the Seas. New York: Liveright, 1929. (Sir George Young became, after Ewing left, the chief cryptanalyst of the political division of Room 40.)
*Zedlitz-Trützschler, Robert, Graf von. Twelve Years at the Imperial German Court. New York: Doran, 1924. (A particularly revealing study of the Kaiser by his unhappy Court Chamberlain.)
Bailey, Thomas A. A Diplomatic History of the American People. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1950.
**Becker, Otto. Der Ferne Ostend und das Schicksal Europas, 1907–1918. Leipzig: Koehler und Amslang, 1940. (Important for Germany’s secret overtures to Japan.)
Benson, Edward Frederic. The Kaiser and English Relations. New York: Longmans, 1936.
Brenner, Anita, and Leighton, George. The Wind that Swept Mexico; a History of the Mexican Revolution, 1910–1942, with 184 historical photographs. New York and London: Harper, 1943.
Cline, Howard F. The United States and Mexico. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.
Dennis, Alfred L. P. Adventures in American Diplomacy, 1896–1906. New York: Dutton, 1928.
*Gooch, G. P. Recent Revelations of European Diplomacy. London: Longmans, 1927.
Grattan, C. Hartley. Why We Fought. New York: Vanguard, 1929.
Jessup, Philip C. Elihu Root. 2 vols. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1938.
Kurenberg, Joachim von. The Kaiser; a Life of Wilhelm II. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955.
*Link, Arthur Stanley. Woodrow Wilson and the Progressive Era, 1910–1917. New York: Harper, 1954.
Ludwig, Emil. Wilhelm Hohenzollern, The Last of the Kaisers. New York and London: Putnam, 1927.
Martin, Perry Alvin. Latin America and the War. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1925.
Mowat, Robert Balmain. A History of European Diplomacy, 1914–1925. New York and London: Longmans, 1927.
Notter, Harley. The Origins of the Foreign Policy of Woodrow Wilson. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1937.
Peterson, Horace Cornelius. Propaganda for War. Norman, Okla.: University of Oklahoma Press, 1939.
Pinchon, Edgcumb. Viva Villa! New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1933.
Pratt, Fletcher. Secret and Urgent; the Story of Codes and Ciphers. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1939.
Pringle, Henry F. Theodore Roosevelt. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931.
Reiners, Ludwig. The Lamps Went Out in Europe. New York: Pantheon, 1955.
Schieber, Clara Eve. Transformation of American Sentiment toward Germany, 1870–1914. Boston: Cornhill, 1923.
Spencer, Samuel R. Decision for War, 1917. Rindge, N. H.: Smith, 1953.
Stevens, Louis. Here Comes Pancho Villa. New York: Stokes, 1930.
Strode, Hudson. Timeless Mexico. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1944.
*Sykes, Christopher. Wassmus: “The German Lawrence.” New York: Longmans, 1936.
Tansill, Charles C. America Goes to War. Boston: Little, Brown, 1938.
Vagts, Alfred. Mexico, Europa und Amerika. Berlin: Rothschild, 1928.
Willson, Beckles. America’s Ambassadors to England, 1785–1929. New York: Stokes, 1929.
Ybarra, Thomas R. Hindenburg; The Man with Three Lives. New York: Duffield and Green, 1932.