Note: Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations. Page numbers followed by the letter t refer to tables.
active galactic nuclei, 125
Adams, Douglas, 33, 59
ADD, 177–182, 183, 184–186
Akhmedov, Evgeny, 165
Akulov, Vladimir, 76
ALICE detector, 47
Alice in Wonderland, 170, 183
“All,” 26, 27, 229
Allanach, Benjamin, 235
allegory of the cave, 15, 69–70
Alpert, Mark, 228
Alpher, Ralph, 134
Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, 243
Anaxagoras, 34
Andromeda Nebula, 132
angular momentum conservation, 36, 56
ANTARES experiment, 244
anthropic principle, 176
antimatter asymmetry, 144
antineutrino
detection of, 85
right-handed, 104
antiparticles, 38–39, 91
antiprotons, 144
Antoniadis, Ignatius, 177, 179
Antusch, Stefan, 166
Arkani-Hamed, Nima, 168–169, 176, 177, 250
See also ADD
ATLAS detector, 47, 181, 232–233
atmospheric neutrinos, 126, 216, 218
atomic nucleus. See nucleus, atomic
atomism, 15–16, 29, 35
atoms, 35
Aulakh, Charanjit Singh, 162
Aurelius, Marcus, 8
Babu, Kaladij, 112
background radiation. See CMB; cosmic neutrino background
background radioactivity, 99, 102–103, 110–111
backward in time. See time travel
Baer, Howard, 64
Bahcall, John, 93, 119–121, 250
Barger, Vernon, 122, 130
baryogenesis, 153, 164
baryon asymmetry, 164
baryons, 41
conservation of, 144
Baudis, Laura, 111
Beacom, John F., 241
beauty in science, 25, 52, 54, 78, 254, 255
beta decay, 42, 57, 82, 92, 104
asymmetry in, 74
double, 105, 106, 107, 113, 148, 238
Fermi theory of, 83
inverse, 85, 241
and neutrino oscillation, 95
See also neutrinoless double beta decay
Bhattacharyya, Gautam, 162, 163, 182, 216, 236
Big Bang, 132, 135, 141
nucleosynthesis, 146
bi-maximal mixing, 130
black hole
coinage, 30
microscopic, 180, 181, 237
Blake, William, 12
Bohr, Niels
and Everett, 30
and Heisenberg, 18–19, 23, 25
in Moscow, 24
See also Copenhagen interpretation
bomb, nuclear, 83, 93, 94
and Heisenberg, 18
and neutrino hunt, 84–86
bootstrap paradox, 210, 228
BOREXINO experiment, 244
Born, Max, 83
Bose, Satyendra Nath, 40
bosons, 40
Bowie, David, 248
branes, 173–175, 219, 224
oscillating, 221
Brimos (Greek god), 11
Brout, Robert, 69
Brown, Dan, 215
Buchmüller, Wilfried, 165
Bukowski, Charles, 34
bulk (non-brane), 183
Buniy, Roman, 211
Cabibbo, Nicola, 123
Cabrera, Blas, 136
Calatrava, Santiago, 254
Camus, Albert, 252
Casas, J. Alberto, 155
Cauet, Christophe, 234
causality, breakdown of, 21, 29, 229
CERN, 5, 44–46, 127, 128
detectors at, 44, 45, 47, 48–49
work environment at, 215–216
Chadwick, James, 89
“charge” (other than electric), 39
chargino, 77t
Charpak, Georges, 246
Chen, Shao-Long, 237
Chikashige, Yuichi, 161
chirality, 38, 40, 72
flip, 92
CHOOZ experiment, 238
Chown, Marcus, 225
chronology protection conjecture, 211
Chung, Daniel, 221, 223
Cicero, 8
Clark, William, 247
Clinton, William Jefferson, 117
closed timelike curve, 204–205, 206, 211, 222
CMB, 135, 139, 145, 150, 153
and cosmic structure, 148
discovery of, 131–132
prediction of, 134
uniformity of, 137
CMS detector, 47, 48–49
cobalt, 60, 74
collapse of wave function, 23, 28–30, 31–32
color charge, 41
Coma Supercluster, 132
compactification, 172, 173
complementarity, 24
and ancient Greece, 29
condensate. See Higgs condensate
Conrad, Janet, 227
conservation laws, 54
See also specific conserved quantities
constructivism, 251, 253
Copenhagen
Everett visit to, 30
Heisenberg visit to, 18
Copenhagen (Frayn play), 20
Copenhagen interpretation, 23, 31
cosmic background radiation. See CMB
cosmic neutrino background, 145, 241
cosmic rays, 38, 50
cosmological constant, 134, 142
cosmology, 131–153 (Chapter 10)
Cowan, Clyde, 84, 86, 117, 250
Cowell, Henry, 65
CP symmetry, 239
CP violation, 140, 240
crab nebula, 245
Csaki, Csaba, 221
cults, 7–16 (Chapter 2), 26, 32
relation to modern physics, 29
CUORE experiment, 111, 238
Dai, Jin, 173
dark energy, 142–143, 149, 152
dark matter, 79, 80, 141–142, 149, 186, 231
detection of, 149
searches for, 103
Davis, Raymond
and early neutrino search, 117, 118
personality of, 250
and solar neutrinos, 93, 119–121
DAYA BAY experiment, 239, 241
decoherence, 32, 94
De Crescenzo, Luciano, 26
Demeter (Greek goddess), 8–11, 14
Democritus, 15, 29, 35
Deppisch, Frank, 155, 235, 236
De Rujula, Alvaro, 245
desert (particle), 51, 61, 247
conferences on, 63–64, 127, 140
Deutsch, David, 228, 229
DeWitt, Bryce, 31
Diamond Head, 2–3, 4
Dick, Karin, 165
Dicke, Robert, 131, 135
Dienes, Keith, 180–182
di-lepton decay, 231, 235
dimensions, extra, 4, 167–187 (Chapter 12)
asymmetric warping of, 221, 222, 226
searches for at LHC, 237–238
warped, 184–187, 219–220
as wormhole, 214, 220
Dimopoulos, Savas, 77, 170, 177
See also ADD
Dionysian events, 14–15, 32, 253
Dionysus (Greek god), 11
Dirac, Paul, 24, 83
in Moscow, 25
Dirac neutrinos, 166
Dirac particles, 91, 92
direct detection
of cosmic neutrino background, 241
of dark matter, 149
direct production of dark matter, 149
Disney, Walt, 202, 252
Doors (musical group), 12
double beta decay, 105
Double-CHOOZ experiment, 239, 241
double seesaw
See seesaw, inverse
double-slit experiment, 22
Drees, Manuel, 162
duality relations, 174, 234
Dudas, Emilian, 180–182
Dvali, Gia, 170, 177, 186
See also ADD
E (Eels lead singer), 31
ecstasies, 32
Eddington, Arthur, 118
Eels (musical group), 31
Einstein, Albert, 190
and cosmological constant, 134, 142
and extra dimensions, 170
and mass concept, 199
opposition to quantum mechanics by, 21, 29
at patent office, 188–189
in Princeton, 202
electromagnetism
classical, 39, 189
quantum, 74, 170
strength of, 169
electron antineutrino, 218
electron volt, 46
Elefsina, Greece, 8
elementary particles. See particles
Eleusis, 7–16 (Chapter 2)
Elliott, Steven, 235
Ellis, John, 59
El Monstro detector, 85
energy conservation, 56
in beta decay, 82–83
energy units, 46t
Englert, François, 66, 69
erasure of structures, 148
ergot, 11, 13–14
Erlich, Joshua, 221, 223
ether, 189
Everett, Elizabeth, 30–31
Everett, Hugh, III, 30–32, 228
and Niels Bohr, 30
Everett, Mark (aka E), 31
EXO-200 experiment, 110, 111, 238
families. See particle families
Fardon, Robert, 152
faster-than-light travel, 5, 197–198
Fermi, Enrico, 19, 250
and neutrino coinage, 83
and students of, 83, 86
Fermilab, 5, 127
fermions, 37
Ferrara, Sergio, 77
Feynman, Richard, 20, 30, 118
filaments, 132, 139, 147
fine-tuning problem, 76
Flanz, Marion, 165
flatness, 135
flavor (particle property), 42, 96, 146, 225
flavor frontier, 236–237
flavor puzzle, 239
force carriers, 40
Frayn, Michael, 20
Freese, Katherine, 221
Frigerio, Michele, 237
Fritzsch, Harald, 58
Fuchs, Klaus, 94
Fukugita, Masataka, 163, 164
fundamental particles. See particles
GADZOOKS experiment, 241
Galileo Galilei, 89
GALLEX experiment, 113, 124, 125
gallium, 124
Gamow, George, 134
gauge symmetry, 59
gauge theories, 58
Gehman, Victor, 235
Gell-Mann, Murray, 37, 137, 160
general relativity, 199–201, 205
GENIUS proposal, 111
Georgi, Howard, 58, 59, 77
germanium, 125
isotope 76, 98
Gherghetta, Tony, 180–182
Glashow, Sheldon, x
and electroweak interaction, 44, 74
and neutrinos as probes, 246
and seesaw mechanism, 160
and single primordial particle, 58–59
gluino, 77t
gluons, 40, 41
Gödel, Kurt, 202, 203, 204–205, 224, 250
See also incompleteness theorem
Gödel universe, 206
Goethe, Wolfgang Johann von, 20, 25
Golden Gate Bridge, 167, 168
Gol’fand, Yuri, 76
Grand Unified Theories. See GUT
grandfather paradox, 209, 228
Gran Sasso Laboratory, 100–101, 127, 128
Gratta, Giorgio, 110
gravitation
in general relativity, 199
not in Standard Model, 43
and quantum physics, 175–176, 180
as strong force, 177–180
graviton, 170
Greece, ancient, 7–16 (Chapter 2)
Greek philosophy, influence on modern physics, 25
See also individual philosophers
Green, Michael, 171
Grojean, Christophe, 221
Grossman, Yuval, 186
ground state, 67, 70
Guralnik, Gerald, 66, 69
GUT, 59–62, 63, 66, 69, 75
and neutrino mass, 98
and neutrinos, 91
neutrinos as probes of, 130
and predicted proton decay, 126
scale, 136, 152, 158, 180, 218
unification of forces in, 78–79
Guth, Alan, 135, 136, 137
Hades (Greek god), 8–9, 11, 14
Hades’s grotto, 10
Hadrian, 8
Hagen, Carl R., 66, 69
Hagura, Hiroyuki, 246
Haldeman, Joe, 227–228
Hall, Lawrence, 162
hallucinations, 32
Halzen, Francis, 243
handedness. See chirality
Hawai‘i, University of, 4
See also Manoa campus
Hawking, Stephen, 209, 211, 212, 250
Heidegger, Martin, 143
Heidelberg-Moscow experiment, 102–103
See also neutrinoless double beta decay
Heidelberg University, 97
Heinlein, Robert, 210
Heisenberg, Werner, 17–18, 19, 20, 23–25, 250
at eighteen, 56
and Greek philosophy, 24–25
in Helgoland, 20, 24
and Niels Bohr, 18–19, 23
and nuclear structure, 89
and nucleon symmetry, 57, 58, 83
threat to his life, 18
and Wolfgang Pauli, 36, 81–82
Hellmig, Jochen, 111, 114
Helo Herrera, Juan Carlos, 235
Hemingway, Ernest, 34, 254
Heraclitus, 15
Herman, Robert, 134
Hermann, Armin, 24
Herr Auge detector, 86, 87
Heuer, Rolf-Dieter, 66
Heusser, Gerhard, 111
Hewett, JoAnn, 227
hierarchy problem, 75–76, 169, 185, 231
Higgs, Peter, 65–66
Higgs boson, 50, 66, 76, 80
exotic decay of, 237
Higgs condensate, 75, 163, 164
Higgs field
ground state(s) of, 69, 70, 136
invention of, 66
and isospin charge, 74
and neutrino coupling, 158
and vacuum energy, 143, 157
Higgs mechanism, 66, 67
Higgs triplet, 157
Hilbert, David, 54
Hirsch, Martin, 112, 113, 162, 235, 236
Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy, 33
Hofmann, Albert, 11–15
Hollenberg, Sebastian, 224
Honolulu, 1, 2–3
Horava, Petr, 173
horizon problem, 139, 221
Hsu, Stephen, 211
Hubble, Edwin, 134, 142
Hubble Telescope, 133
Huber, Patrick, 246
Huber, Stephan, 186
Hung, P. Q., 149, 152
Huxley, Aldous, 13, 26, 253
Iasion (Greek god), 14
Ibarra, Alejandro, 155
IceCube Neutrino Observatory, 243, 244
IMB detector, 92, 127, 242
incompleteness theorem, 204
indirect detection of dark matter, 149
inflation, 136–137, 138, 140–141, 153, 241
inflaton (field), 137, 140–141, 143, 147, 166
inhomogeneities in CMB, 138, 139, 153
interference, two-slit, 21–22
International Linear Collider, 46
invariance, 77
“Is,” 28
isospin, 58, 73, 74, 156
Joliot-Curie, Irène and Frédéric, 93
Jung, C. G., 82
Jünger, Ernst, 11
K2K experiment, 240
See also T2K experiment
Kachelriess, Michael, 161, 215
Kajita, Takaaki, 115
Kaluza, Theodor, 170, 171
Kaluza-Klein excitations, 186, 226, 237
Kamiokande detector, 92
See also Super-Kamiokande
KamLAND, 129–130
KamLAND-Zen experiment, 111
KATRIN
detector, 107, 108–109
experiment, 107, 238
KEK laboratory, 127
Kellogg, J. M., 85
Kephart, Thomas, 214, 215
Kepler, Johannes, 244
Kibble, Tom, 69
Kirsten, Till, 113, 124
Klapdor-Kleingrothaus, Hans Volker
and “desert” conferences, 63, 127
and neutrinoless double beta decay, 98, 103, 110
personality of, 250
and theoretical studies, 111, 113, 163
Klein, Felix, 54
Klein, Oskar, 170, 171
KM3NET telescope, 244
Kolb, Edward W., 140
Kom, Steve, 235
Kovalenko, Sergey, 112, 113, 235
Kuhn, Thomas S., 24, 251, 252
Kuzmin, Vadim, 121, 164
kykeon, 10, 11, 14
Large Hadron Collider. See LHC
Learned, John, 126, 127, 242, 243, 246
Leary, Timothy, 13
Lederman, Leon, 92
Lee, T. D., 71
Leigh, Robert, 173
Lemaitre, Georges, 134, 142, 205
leptogenesis, 160, 165
lepton number, 91, 112
conservation of, 91
violation of, 182
leptons, 37, 74
leptoquark forces, 158
leptoquarks, 62
Leser, Philipp, 237
Lewis, Meriwether, 247
LHC, 46, 47, 231, 232–233, 234
LHCb detector, 47
light cones, 195–196, 197
like sign di-lepton signal, 231, 235
Likhtman, Evgenyi, 76
Linde, Andrei, 136, 167
Lindner, Manfred, 163, 165
linear collider. See International Linear Collider; SLAC
Lir (Celtic god), 65
local group of galaxies, 132
Lono (Hawaiian god), 4
Los Alamos lab
and LSND, 114, 217, 227, 235
and neutrino detection, 84, 85, 87
Louis, William, 227
LSD, 11–14
LSND experiment, 114, 217, 218, 219, 227, 240
lysergic acid, 11–14
M-theory, 174
Ma, Ernest, 237
Mach, Ernst, 189, 199
MACRO experiment, 102, 136
Magellanic Clouds, 132
magic mushrooms, 12, 14
magnetic monopoles, 137
magnetism, 68–69
Majorana, Ettore, 87–91, 156, 250
disappearance of, 89–91
Majorana particles, 91, 92, 104, 118, 238
and double beta decay, 112, 234–235
and neutrino fluctuations, 163
majoron, 159, 161
Majorovits, Bela, 111
Major Tom, 248–250
Manoa campus, 4, 220
“many worlds,” 31–32, 33, 253
March-Russell, John, 180–182
mass
gravitational and inertial, 199
origin of, 67
Max Planck Institute for Nuclear Physics. See MPIK
McDonald, Arthur, 130
MEG experiment, 236
mesons, 41, 125
Mexican hat potential, 67
Michelson, Albert Abraham, 189
Micu, Octavian, 224
Mikheev, Stanislav, 122, 123
Milky Way, 132
MiniBooNE experiment, 226, 227, 240
Minkowski, Peter, 58, 59, 160
MINOS experiment, 127
mirror symmetry, 52, 53, 72
mixing of states, 94–95
Mohapatra, Rabi, 112, 160, 161, 162, 163
momentum conservation, 55–56
Morley, Edward, 189
Morris, Michael, 208
Moses, 51
MPIK, 113, 124
MSW effect, 123, 125, 129, 215, 219, 225
muon, 37, 44, 74, 77t, 101, 102
muon antineutrino, 218
muon neutrino, 37t, 94, 128
atmospheric, 126
discovery of, 92
and oscillation, 95–96, 117, 123, 129
Murayama, Hitoshi, 117, 166, 167
Mussolini, Benito, 90
negative energy, 185, 208, 211, 225
Nelson, Ann, 152
NEMO experiment, 244
NESTOR experiment, 244
Neubert, Matthias, 186
neutralino, 77t, 79
neutrino astrophysics, 242
neutrino coinage, 83
neutrino-electron doublet, 59
neutrinoless double beta decay, 105
evidence for, 110
and Gran Sasso experiment, 98–99, 102–103, 111
and handedness, 160
implications of, 113, 231
and nature of neutrinos, 234–235
and other physics, 145, 161, 162
and possible new physics, 112, 182
neutrino oscillations, 216–217
See also neutrinos: mixing of
neutrinos, 81–96 (Chapter 7), 154–166 (Chapter 11)
atmospheric, 126, 216
Dirac, 166
families of, 94
flavors of, 117, 146, 147
masses of, 71, 130, 146, 148
mass generation of, 154–155, 159, 162, 234, 236, 237
mixing of, 130, 238
as probes, 242
right-handed, 157, 158, 165, 186
small mass of, 180–181
from supernovas, 102
See also atmospheric neutrinos; cosmic neutrino background; neutrino oscillations; solar neutrinos; sterile neutrinos
neutron, 41
decay of, 95, 103–105, 112, 118
in early universe, 147
as nuclear constituent, 35, 89
production of, 84, 85, 86, 241
as proton’s other face, 57–58, 59
Newton, Isaac, 54, 89
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 7, 15, 16, 252, 253
Nobel laureates, x, 44, 58, 74, 83, 86, 144, 164, 246
Noether, Emmy, 52, 54–56, 58
NOVA experiment, 240
nucleosynthesis, 146
nucleus, atomic, 84, 95
and atomic structure, 35–37
structure of, 41, 89
Occam’s Razor, 231
Olympus, Mount, 8–9
“One,” 26–29, 229
OPERA experiment, 129, 227
ORCA experiment, 244
oscillation, 216–217
See also neutrinos: mixing of
Pakvasa, Sandip, 122, 126, 130, 216, 220, 221, 246
Pal, Palash, 121, 162
Palomares-Ruiz, Sergio, 213
Panella, Orlando, 112
Panigrahi, Prasanta, 246
paradigm, shift of, 24, 251, 252
paradoxes, 5, 209, 210, 228
parallel universes, 30–32, 229
Parmenides, 15, 25–29, 229, 253
Parmenides (Plato dialogue), 25
particle families, 37t, 38, 39, 92, 146
particle loop, 162
particles, 34–50 (Chapter 4)
left-handed, 73
massless, 72
right-handed, 73
Päs, Frigga, drawing by, 190
Paschos, Emmanuel A., 165
Pauli, Wolfgang, 19, 36, 73, 74, 176, 250
and neutrino postulate, 81–83
Pauli principle, 36–37
Pausanias, 8
Peccei, Roberto, 161
Peierls, Rudolph, 71, 73
Penzias, Arno, 131, 132, 135
Persephone (Greek goddess), 8–11, 26
Petcov, Sergey, 155
Phillips, Roger, 122
photino, 77t
photon, 77t, 145
as decay product, 236
as field quantum, 40, 41
as massless particle, 42, 72
Pidt, Daniel, 236
Piepke, Andreas, 110
Pilaftsis, Apostolos, 165, 182
Pindar, 8
PINGU experiment, 244
pion
decay of, 240
quark composition of, 41, 125–126
Planck mass, 169
PLANCK satellite, 150–151, 153, 241
Planck scale, 135
plasma, 69, 134, 141, 220
Plato, 8, 15, 249
his allegory of the cave, 15, 69–70
influence on Heisenberg, 24
Plümacher, Michael, 165
Polchinski, Joseph, 173, 174
Pontecorvo, Bruno, 88, 93–94, 117, 118, 120
Popper, Karl, 176, 250, 251
Porod, Werner, 162, 236
positron, 39, 84, 91
production of, 85, 118
Powers, Thomas, 18
probability in quantum mechanics, 21–23, 29
Project Poltergeist, 86, 87
acceleration of, 45–47
in early universe, 147
fusion reactions of, 120, 121
as neutron’s other face, 57–59, 83
as nuclear constituent, 35, 89
possible decay of, 62, 63, 126
production of, 95, 103–105
transformation of, 84, 85, 118
proton decay, search for, 62–63, 126
psychedelic drugs, 15, 32
See also ergot; LSD; Salvia divinorum
quanta of fields, 40
quantum field theory, 70
quantum fluctuations, 42, 225, 234, 235
quantum numbers, 36, 56
quantum physics, 17–33 (Chapter 3)
and gravity, 175–176, 180
neo-Platonic nature of, 32
quarks, 37
mixing of, 123, 237
and symmetry, 56
R-parity, 79, 112, 162, 235, 236
radioactivity, 40, 95
background, 99, 102–103, 110–111
and neutrino search, 125
of specific isotopes, 99, 113
Ramond, Pierre, 76, 160
Randall, Lisa, 183–186, 221
Randall-Sundrum models, 184–186, 221
Ratz, Michael, 165
Redelbach, Andreas, 156, 236
red shift, 134, 142
Reines, Frederick, 84, 85, 86, 117, 127, 250
RENO experiment, 239, 241
Republic (Plato dialogue), 70
Rodejohann, Werner, 155
rotational symmetry, 52, 53
Rubakov, Valery, 164, 165
Rubbia, Carlo, 44–45, 250
Ruck, Carl, 13
Rückl, Reinhold, 156
Russell, Bertrand, 34
Sacharov, Andrei Dmitrievich, 144
Sagan, Carl, 207
SAGE experiment, 124
Salam, Abdus, 44, 70–71, 72, 73, 74
Salvia divinorum, 13
Sanami, Toshiya, 246
Santamaria, Arcadi, 162
Sarkar, Utpal, 165, 246
scattering concept, 68
Schechter, Joel, 112, 160
Schechter-Valle theorem, 234
Scherk, Joel, 170
Schilling, Peter, 248
Schmidt, Ivan, 112
Schrödinger, Erwin, 23, 24, 25
Schrödinger’s cat, 23, 27, 91
Schwartz, Melvin, 92
Schwarz, John, 170
Schwarzschild radius, 200–201
Sciascia, Leonardo, 89, 90
seesaw, inverse, 161, 234
seesaw-II, 157
seesaw mechanism
alternatives to, 161
double, 161, 234
in extra dimensions, 182
and neutrino mass, 152, 155–157, 163
and SUSY, 235
Senjanovic, Goran, 160
Shafi, Qaisar, 186
Shaposhnikov, Mikhail, 164
simultaneity, relativity of, 194, 229
Sisyphus, 252
SLAC, 168
Slansky, Richard, 160
Smirnov, Alexei, 113, 122, 123, 165, 186, 215
sneutrino, 77t, 112, 166, 235, 241
SNO, 129
Socrates, 26, 249, 250, 252, 253
solar neutrinos, 113, 218
and Davis experiment, 119
and extra dimensions, 216
oscillation of, 114
within the sun, 122–124, 219
Sommerfeld, Arnold, 81
Song, Liguo, 214
Sophocles, 8
space-time
diagrams, 195
warping of, 201
spectrometer, 106, 107, 108–109, 189
speed of light
constancy of, 192
as speed limit, 197
sphaleron, 165, 166
spin, 36
squark, 77t, 173
Stalin, Joseph, 54
Stancu, Ion, 227
Standard Model, 38, 44, 45
completion of, 80
extensions of, 160
failure of, 117, 119
and mass, 67, 70
and neutrino flavor, 146
and neutrinos, 72
no mirror symmetry in, 72
physics beyond, 130
possible limitations of, 45
and spontaneous symmetry breaking, 75, 80
SUSY counterparts of, 77t
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, 168
Star Trek, 204, 209
Steinberger, Jack, 92
Steinhardt, Paul, 136
sterile neutrinos, 157, 161
evidence for, 240
and extra dimensions, 216, 219, 220, 226
great mass of, 218
and time travel, 224, 225
Stockum, Willem Jacob van, 205
Strecker, Herbert, 99
string scale, 158
string theory, 170–171, 174–179
Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO), 129
Sugawara, Hirotaka, 246
Sundrum, Raman, 184–186, 221
Super-Kamiokande, 116, 117, 127, 240, 241, 242
superluminal speed, 5, 197–198
Supernova 1987A, 92–93, 242
superposition, 21–22
superstrings, 170
superstring theory. See string theory
supersymmetry. See SUSY
surfing, 1–6 (Chapter 1)
Susskind, Leonard, 167, 176, 223
SUSY, 63–64, 76–80
frontier, 235–236
names of counterpart particles, 77t
neutrino partners, 241
and neutrinoless double beta decay, 112–113
particle masses, 78
partners, 182
and R-parity violation, 162
scale, 152, 234
Sutton, Christine, 249
Suzuki, Hiroshi, 166
Swarup, Vikas, ix
symmetries, 51–64 (Chapter 5)
See also specific symmetries
symmetry breaking, 63, 65–80 (Chapter 6)
spontaneous, 66–67, 69
synthesia, 12
T2K experiment, 239–240
Takita, Masato, 127
tau, 37, 74, 77t
tau neutrino, 94, 96, 117, 123, 126, 128, 129
Taubes, Gary, 44
Telesterion, 10, 13
t’Hooft, Gerard, 164
Thorne, Kip, 30, 207, 208
Timaeus (Plato dialogue), 16, 17, 29, 56
time
dilation, 192, 193
nature of, 188–201 (Chapter 13), 228
translation, 56
time travel, 5, 198, 202–212 (Chapter 14), 213–229 (Chapter 15)
Tipler, Frank J., 205–206, 224
Tomas, Ricard, 161
translational symmetry, 55–56
tritium
beta decay of, 106
and neutrino mass, 106
two-slit interference, 21–22
Tye, Henry, 136
UA1 experiment, 44, 215
UA2 experiment, 44, 45, 215
uncertainty principle, 42
energy-time version of, 43, 155
underground detectors, 97–114 (Chapter 8)
unification
of forces, 62
of particles, 51–64 (Chapter 5)
and Plato, 57, 58
universe
accelerated expansion of, 142
expansion of, 134
as a whole, 28
Uranverein (German atomic project), 18, 83
vacuum
energy of, 152
fluctuations, 79
polarization of, 60, 61
in quantum field theory, 70
Vagins, Mark R., 241
Valle, Jose, 112, 160, 161, 162, 163, 236
Van der Meer, Simon, 44–45
van Gogh, Vincent, 253–254
visions, 32
Visser, Matt, 221, 224
Volkov, Dmitri, 76
W bosons, 40, 41–42
discovery of, 44
and energy-time uncertainty, 43
relation to Higgs mass, 75
and SNO, 129
Waikiki, 1, 2–3, 223
warping. See dimensions, extra; space-time
Wasson, R. Gordon, 13
wave-particle duality, 21–22
Weiler, Thomas, 212
and cosmic neutrino background, 145
and double beta decay, 113
and extra dimensions, 215, 216, 221
and neutrino mass, 214
and neutrino oscillation, 126, 130
Weinberg, Steven, 44, 74, 163
Weiner, Neal, 152
Weizsäcker, Carl Friedrich von, 25–29
Wess, Julius, 77
Wheeler, John Archibald, 30, 31
Whisnant, Kerry, 122
White, Edward, 248
Wiesenfeldt, Sören, 234
William of Occam, 231
Wilson, Robert, 131, 132, 135
Wilson, Robert Rathbun, 245
Witten, Edward, 174
Woit, Peter, 176
Wolfenstein, Lincoln, 121–122, 123, 250
wormhole, 207–209, 214
Wright, David, 165
Wu, Chien Shiung, 73–74
Yanagida, Tsutomu, 160, 163, 164, 166
Yang, C. N., 71
Yokoyama, Jun’ichi, 166
Yurtsever, Ulvi, 209
Z boson, 40, 41–42, 162
and cosmic neutrino background, 145
decay of, 218
and energy-time uncertainty, 43
related to HIggs mass, 75
and SNO, 129
Zaphod Beeblebrox, 33
Zaslavskii, Oleg, 91
Z-burst, 145, 241
Zee, Anthony, 162, 246
Zeus (Greek god), 8–9
Zichichi, Antonino, 100, 250
zinos, 162
Zumino, Bruno, 77
Zweig, George, 37