Appendix 1: Tables for Dysfunction Testing

The following tables can be used in the therapist’s own clinical setting (permission to reproduce is granted).

Hip Extension Firing Pattern

Left Side	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
Gluteus maximus	○	○	○	○
Hamstrings	○	○	○	○
Contralateral erector spinae	○	○	○	○
Ipsilateral erector spinae	○	○	○	○

Table A1.1: Hip extension firing pattern—left side.

Right Side	1st	2nd	3rd	4th
Gluteus maximus	○	○	○	○
Hamstrings	○	○	○	○
Contralateral erector spinae	○	○	○	○
Ipsilateral erector spinae	○	○	○	○

Table A1.2: Hip extension firing pattern—right side.

Initial Observation—Patient Standing

Observation	Left side	Right side
Pelvic crest (posterior)
PSIS
Greater trochanter
Lumbar spine
Gluteal folds
Popliteal folds
Foot/ankle position
Pelvic crest (anterior)
ASIS
Pubic tubercle

Table A1.3. Observation assessment—standing.

Evaluation of Pelvic Dysfunction

Test	Left side	Right side
Mens
Standing forward flexion
Backward bending
Seated forward flexion
Stork (Gillet)—upper pole
Stork (Gillet)—lower pole
Hip extension
Side bending (trunk)
Pelvic rotation

Table A1.4. Specific tests for the evaluation of pelvic dysfunction.

Palpatory Assessment

Prone

Palpation area	Left side	Right side
Gluteal fold
Ischial tuberosity
Sacrotuberous ligament
ILA
PSIS
Sacral sulcus—neutral
Sacral sulcus—extension (sphinx test)
Sacral sulcus—flexion
L5 spring test (neg. or pos.)
L5 position
Iliac crest
Greater trochanter

Table A1.5. Palpation assessment—prone.

Supine

Palpation area	Left side	Right side
ASIS
Iliac crest
Pubic tubercle
Inguinal ligament
Medial malleolus (leg length)
Supine to long sitting test
Long sitting to supine test

Table A1.6. Palpation assessment—supine.

Summary of Iliosacral Dysfunctions

Dysfunction	Left side	Standing flexion test	Medial malleolus	ASIS	PSIS	Sacral sulcus	Ischial tuberosity	Sacrotuberous ligament
Anterior rotation	Left	Left	Long left	Inferior	Superior	Shallow left	Superior	Lax left
Posterior rotation	Left	Left	Short left	Superior	Inferior	Deep left	Inferior	Taut left
Out-flare	Left	Left	No change	Lateral left	Medial left	Narrow left	No change	No change
In-flare	Left	Left	No change	Medial left	Lateral left	Wide left	No change	No change
Upslip	Left	Left	Short left	Superior left	Superior left	No change	Superior	Lax left
Downslip	Left	Left	Long left	Inferior left	Inferior left	No change	Inferior	Taut left

Table A1.7. Iliosacral dysfunctions—left side.

Dysfunction	Right side	Standing flexion test	Medial malleolus	ASIS	PSIS	Sacral sulcus	Ischial tuberosity	Sacrotuberous ligament
Anterior rotation	Right	Right	Long right	Inferior	Superior	Shallow right	Superior	Lax right
Posterior rotation	Right	Right	Short right	Superior	Inferior	Deep right	Inferior	Taut right
Out-flare	Right	Right	No change	Lateral right	Medial right	Narrow right	No change	No change
In-flare	Right	Right	No change	Medial right	Lateral right	Wide right	No change	No change
Upslip	Right	Right	Short right	Superior right	Superior right	No change	Superior	Lax right
Downslip	Right	Right	Long right	Inferior right	Inferior right	No change	Inferior	Taut right

Table A1.8. Iliosacral dysfunctions—right side.

Summary of Sacral Dysfunctions

	L-on-L sacral torsion (forward/nutation)	R-on-R sacral torsion (forward/nutation)
Deep sacral sulcus	Right	Left
Shallow sacral sulcus	Left	Right
ILA posterior	Left	Right
L5 rotation	Right—ERS(R)	Left—ERS(L)
Seated flexion test	Right	Left
Lumbar spring	Negative	Negative
Sphinx (extension) test	Sulci level	Sulci level
Lumbar flexion test	Right sacral sulcus deep	Left sacral sulcus deep
Lumbar lordosis	Increased	Increased
Medial malleolus (leg length)	Short left	Short right

Table A1.9. Anterior/forward sacral torsions (normal physiological motion).

	L-on-R sacral torsion (backward/counter-nutation)	R-on-L sacral torsion (backward/counter-nutation)
Deep sacral sulcus	Right	Left
Shallow sacral sulcus	Left	Right
ILA posterior	Left	Right
L5 rotation	Right—FRS(R)	Left—FRS(L)
Seated flexion test	Left	Right
Lumbar spring	Positive	Positive
Sphinx (extension) test	Left sacral sulcus shallow (right sacral sulcus deeper)	Right sacral sulcus shallow (left sacral sulcus deeper)
Lumbar flexion test	Sulci level	Sulci level
Lumbar lordosis	Decreased	Decreased
Medial malleolus (leg length)	Short left	Short right

Table A1.10. Posterior/backward sacral torsion (non-physiological motion).

	Bilaterally nutated sacrum (forward)	Bilaterally counter-nutated sacrum (backward)
Standing flexion test	Negative	Negative
Seated flexion test	Positive bilateral	Positive bilateral
Stork (Gillet) test	Positive on both sides	Positive on both sides
Sacral base	Left and right anterior	Left and right posterior
ILA	Left and right posterior	Left and right anterior
Lumbar spring test	Negative	Positive
Lumbar lordosis	Increased	Decreased
Medial malleolus (leg length)	Equal	Equal

Table A1.11. Bilaterally nutated and counter-nutated sacrum.

Summary of Symphysis Pubis Dysfunctions

	Superior pubis	Inferior pubis
Standing forward flexion test	Left	Left
Pubic tubercle	Superior	Inferior
Inguinal ligament	Tender on palpation	Tender on palpation

Table A1.12. Symphysis pubis dysfunctions—left side.

	Superior pubis	Inferior pubis
Standing forward flexion test	Right	Right
Pubic tubercle	Superior	Inferior
Inguinal ligament	Tender on palpation	Tender on palpation

Table A1.13. Symphysis pubis dysfunctions—right side.