1 Herbert Sulzbach, With the German Guns: Four Years on the Western Front (London, 1973; 2003).
2 Ibid. Small wonder that Nazi reviewers, unaware of the author’s Jewish background, praised Sulzbach’s diary when it was first published as Zwei lebende Mauern in 1935.
3 Hubert Pollack, Captain Foley, der Mensch und anderen Berichte, Yad Vashem Holocaust Museum, YVS 01/17.
4 Benno Cohn, testimony from the transcript of Adolf Eichmann’s trial, session 14, 25.4.1961. Cited by Michael Smith, Foley: The Spy Who Saved 10,000 Jews (1999) p. 273.
5 Quoted from Sulzbach’s speech at Comrie by Terence Prittie, a former POW in Germany, Sulzbach, op. cit., p. 13.
6 Ibid.
7 Herbert Sulzbach, speaking on ‘Comment’, produced by Fiona Maddocks, Channel 4, 1984.
1 Lady Mary Wortley Montagu to Lady Bristol, 25.11.1716, The Complete Letters of Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Vol. 1, ed. Robert Halsband (1965).
2 James Boswell, The Journal of His German and Swiss Travels, 1764, ed. Marlies K. Danziger (Edinburgh University Press, 2008).
3 Goethe, ‘Rede zum Shakespeares-Tag’ (1771).
4 Carl Philipp Moritz, Journeys of a German in England, 1782 (2011), ch. 12.
1 Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Biographia Literaria (1817), ch. ix.
2 Henry Crabb Robinson, Diary, Reminiscences and Correspondence, ed. Thomas Sadler (1869), p. 178.
3 William Beckford, 13.7.1780, Dreams, Waking Thoughts and Incidents (1783).
4 Sherer of Claverton, Notes and Reflections During a Ramble in Germany (1826), pp. 364–5.
5 The Life and Correspondence of Thomas Arnold, ed. Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (1901, reprint 2012). Thomas Arnold’s innocent observation would be meticulously recycled in Sir Arnold Wilson’s homage to Hitler’s Germany: Walks and Talks Abroad (1936), p. 65.
6 Goethe, 19.10.1823, Conversations with Eckermann (1836).
1 Peter Bowman, The Fortune Hunter: A German Prince in Regency England (2010), p. 162.
2 Westminster Review, January 1832, reviewing Vol. 1 of Pückler’s Tour of a German Prince.
3 Lotte and Joseph Hamburger, Contemplating Adultery: The Secret Life of a Victorian Woman (New York, 1991) p. 147.
4 Sarah Austin, Germany from 1760–1814, or Sketches of German Life (1854), p. 99.
1 G. H. Lewes, 27.9.1854, quoted in Rosemary Ashton, George Eliot: A Life (1996), p. 113.
2 George Eliot, ‘Three Months in Weimar’, Fraser’s Magazine, L1 (June 1855), pp. 699–706.
3 W. M. Thackeray to G. H. Lewes, 28.5.1855, printed in Lewes’s Life of Goethe (1855), Book vii.
4 George Eliot to Charles Bray, 12.11.1854, Letters of George Eliot, ed. Gordon S. Haight, Vol. 2; and Eliot, 27.3.1855, Journals of George Eliot, ed. Margaret Harris (CUP, 2005).
5 Blackwood’s Magazine, October 1841, p. 456.
6 Privately published family leaflet on Charles de Bunsen in the Broughton Archive, p. 7, citing Leopold von Ranke’s introduction to the letters between Alexander von Humboldt and de Bunsen.
7 Augustus Hare, The Life and Letters of Baroness Bunsen, Vol. 1 (of two), p. 490, citing Fanny’s letter to their Prussian friend and colleague Heinrich Abeken (18.12.1838). All quotations in this chapter that relate to the de Bunsens’ domestic and diplomatic life are taken from these two volumes and from Fanny’s life of her husband, A Memoir of Baron Bunsen (1868).
1 De Bunsen’s involvement with the hospital is described in a privately published work by Maureen Specht, whose own family, of German origin, lived next to – and were closely involved with – the German Hospital. The German Hospital in London and the Community It Served, 1845–1948 (1989), p. 9 and onwards.
2 Elizabeth Gurney’s unpublished diary is in the Broughton Archive.
3 Cecil Woodham Smith, Florence Nightingale (1950), p. 63.
1 Princess Victoria to Leopold I, King of the Belgians, 17.5.1836, quoted by Stanley Weintraub, Albert: Uncrowned King (1997), p. 49.
2 Blackwood’s Magazine, April 1838, p. 514.
3 Victoria to King Leopold I, quoted by Lytton Strachey, Queen Victoria (1921), pp. 128–9.
4 Victoria to the Crown Princess of Prussia, quoted in ‘Marriage, Family and Nationality’ by Monika Wienfort in Royal Kinship: Anglo-German Family Networks 1815–1918, ed. Karina Urbach (KG Saur, Munich, 2008), p. 127.
5 De Bunsen to Baron Stockmar, New Year, 1852, The Life and Letters of Baroness Bunsen, op. cit., Vol. 2, p. 275.
6 Max Müller, Chips from a German Workshop (1871), Vol. 3, p. 2.
7 Rosemary Ashton, Little Germany: Exile and Asylum in Victorian England (1986), p. 21.
8 Ian Buruma, from his fine essay in Voltaire’s Coconuts (2000 reprint edition), p. 186.
9 Richard Monckton Milnes, ‘Reflections on the Political State of Germany’, Edinburgh Review (April 1849), pp. 537–8.
1 Mary Shelley’s observations are taken from Rambles in Germany and Italy, in 1840, 1842 and 1843 (1844).
2 Mary Wescomb went to Germany from Thrumpton Hall, where her unpublished diary survives in the library.
3 Theodor Fontane, Ein Sommer in London (1854). This delightful book is one of many by Fontane that remains without an English translation. Translations here are the author’s own.
4 Murrays Handbook to Northern Germany (1849), p. 215.
5 All Duthie’s quotations are taken from William Duthie, A Tramp’s Wallet (1858).
1 Richard Monckton Milnes (later Lord Houghton), ‘The Political State of Prussia’, Edinburgh Review, 83 (1846), p. 224.
2 The account of Fritz’s visit to Balmoral in 1855 is based on that given by Hannah Pakula, An Uncommon Woman: The Empress Frederick (1996), ch. 6.
3 Bismarck to General Leopold von Gerlach, Egon Caesar Conte Corti, Alexander von Battenberg (1954), pp. 26–7.
4 Walburga Paget, Embassies of Other Days (1923). All of Wally von Hohenthal’s observations are taken from her volumes of memoirs.
5 Alice to Queen Victoria, 21.8.1866, Alice, Grand-Duchess of Hesse: Letters to Queen Victoria (1884).
6 Ibid.
7 Fanny de Bunsen to Hilda de Bunsen, 22.2.1873, Baroness Deichmann, Impressions and Memories (1926), pp. 57–8.
8 Lady William Russell to Sir Austen Henry Layard, 18.10.1870, Layard Papers, BL, 38.998 f.303.
9 Karina Urbach, Bismarck’s Favourite Englishman: Lord Odo Russell’s Mission to Berlin (1999), p. 97.
10 Poultney Bigelow, Prussian Memories: 1864–1914 (1916), pp. 40-41.
11 Vicky to Queen Victoria, 25.3.1890 (RA: Z 48/6).
12 Wilhelm II to Queen Victoria, 27.3.1890 (RA: 58/32).
1 Sir Hubert van Herkomer to his students, 10.3.1900 (from Berlin), Bushey Museum Archive.
2 ‘Working for Morris, Burne-Jones and Ruskin: The Memories of Thomas Rooke (1842–1942)’ by Simon Fenwick, photocopy from an unsourced and undated article held at Bushey Museum.
3 J. Saxon-Mills, The Life and Letters of Hubert Herkomer (1923), p. 177.
4 Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh, 19.8.1883. From the superb online source for the collected letters of Vincent van Gogh: www.vangoghletters.org.
5 Hubert Herkomer, The Herkomers (1910), Vol. 1, p. 165.
6 Herkomer, a student lecture, 29.10.1884, quoted by Rosemary Treble, A Passion for Work: Sir Hubert von Herkomer 1849–1914 (Watford Borough Council 1983), p. 27.
7 Herkomer, ‘The Pictorial Music Play: An Idyl’, The Magazine of Art (1889), pp. 316–22.
8 J. Saxon Mills, op. cit., p.189.
9 Cited, without further details, in a photocopied article by Grant Longman for the Watford and Herts Review (Bushey Museum, n.d.), p. 14.
10 Hermann Muthesius, Das englische Haus, first published in Germany in 1904; UK abridged reissue (1987), ed. Dennis Sharp, p. 52.
11 Ibid., Book 3, p. 216.
12 Ibid., Book 1, p. 9.
13 Ethel Smyth, Impressions that Remained (1919), Vol. 2., p. 169.
14 Ethel Smyth, Memoirs (abridged), p. 242; variant version: What Happened Next (1940), p. 191.
15 Ethel Smyth, Streaks of Life (1921), p. 162.
16 Ethel Smyth to Alice Davidson, her sister, 11.3.1902. Ibid., p. 183.
17 Ibid., p. 205.
1 Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (1928), p. 51.
2 Hansel Pless. All quotations from Prince Hansel are taken from the recorded interviews he made, aged seventy-five, owned by his former wife, Lady Ashtown.
3 Lady Susan Townley, Indiscretions (1922), p. 57–8.
4 Lamar Cecil, Wilhelm II, Vol. 2 (US, 1996), p. 79.
5 Daisy Pless, op. cit., p. 96.
7 Baron von Eckardstein, Ten Years at the Court of St James, 1895–1905 (1921), pp. 83–5. Eckardstein was told by Lord Salisbury (when Salisbury was prime minister) that de Soveral’s action had prevented the outbreak of war between England and Germany. Reference to the incident also crops up in the memoirs of Friedrich von Holstein, political head of the German FO in 1896: The Holstein Papers, eds. Norman Rich and M. H. Fisher (1954), Vol. 1, ch. 10.
8 Vicky to Queen Victoria, 11.1.1896, Beloved and Darling Child: Last Letters between Queen Victoria and her Eldest Daughter, ed. Agatha Ramm (1990) and quoted from throughout this chapter.
9 Ibid., 3.10.1896.
10 Cecil Spring-Rice to Stephen Gwynn, 2.11.1895: The Letters and Friendships of Cecil Spring-Rice: A Record, ed. Stephen Gwynn (1929), from which Spring-Rice’s further observations are taken in this chapter.
11 Richard Seymour, The Last Quarter 1875–1900 (unpublished family memoir).
12 Ibid.
13 Edward to Wilhelm, 7.3.1900, quoted by John C. Rohls, ‘Anglo-German Family Networks before 1914’, in Royal Kinship: Anglo-German Family Networks 1815–1918, ed. Karina Urbach (Munich, 2008), p. 142.
14 The Times, 6.2.1901; but see also an excellent summary of the post-funeral press by Miranda Carter, The Three Emperors (US ed. 2010), pp. 230–31.
15 The phrase ‘the exalted gentleman’ appears as a description of Edward VII in Wilhelm’s unpleasantly self-serving Memoirs (1922), p. 127.
1 Wolf-Dieter Dube, The Expressionists (1972), p. 158.
2 Cecily Sidgwick, Home Life in Germany (1908), p. 1.
3 Robert Graves, Goodbye to All That (1929), ch. 1.
4 Ibid., ch. 10.
5 Max Saunders, Ford Madox Ford, Vol. I (1996), p. 176.
6 Karen Usborne, Elizabeth (1986), p. 111, quoting Forster’s ‘Recollections of Nassenheide’, The Listener (1959), from which the description of his arrival also comes.
7 E. M. Forster, Howards End (1910), p. 5.
8 Ibid., p. 73.
9 Ibid., p. 102.
10 Ibid., p. 184.
11 Ibid., p. 167.
12 Usborne, op. cit., p. 135; Elizabeth von Arnim, The Caravaners, p. 8.
13 Constance Smedley, Crusaders (1929), pp. 126–9.
14 Daisy Pless, From My Private Diary (1931), p. 162.
15 Cecil Spring-Rice to Mrs Roosevelt, 5.10.1905, The Letters and Friendships of Cecil Spring-Rice: A Record, ed. Stephen Gwynn (1929).
16 Anne Topham, Chronicles of the Prussian Court (1926), pp. 187–8.
17 Ibid., pp. 206–7.
18 Daisy Pless, quoting from her diary 10.2.1909, op. cit.
1 Evelyn Wrench, Uphill: The First Stage in a Strenuous Life (1934), p. 33.
2 Ibid., pp. 73–5.
3 Ibid., p. 246.
4 Ibid., p. 241.
5 D. George Boyce, The Crisis of British Power: The Imperial and Naval Papers of the Second Earl of Selborne, 1895–1910 (1990), p. 113.
6 Matthew S. Seligmann, ‘Prince Louis of Battenberg’, from Royal Kinship: Anglo-German Family Networks 1815–1918, ed. Karina Urbach (KG Saur Munich), p. 166; John B. Hattendorff, ‘Admiral Prince Louis of Battenberg (1912–1914) in The First Sea Lords From Fisher to Mountbatten, ed. Malcolm H. Murfett (Westport, Connecticut, 1995), p. 76.
7 Louis of Battenberg to George V, 5.12.1912, RA: PS/GV/M 520A/1.
8 Daisy Pless, From My Private Diary (1931), p. 239.
9 Robert Graves, Goodbye to All That (op.cit.), ch. 1.
10 J. A. Cramb, Reflections on the Origins and Destiny of Imperial Britain (1900), pp. 113–116.
11 Houston Stewart Chamberlain to Baron Brockdorff-Rantzau, 23.9.1914, Briefe und Briefwechsel mit Kaiser Wilhelm II (Munich, 1925).
12 I. R. Wylie, A Year in Germany (1910), p. 1.
13 Ibid., p. 271.
14 Ibid., p. 282.
15 Schücking was reviewing a new book on Shakespeare by Swinburne. The English Review, Vol. 1 (1908), pp. 188–192.
16 Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (op. cit), p. 229.
17 Information from Richard Bowden, archivist to the Portman estate. Information has also been taken from Das Kranzbach, the spa hotel of which Mary’s original house provides the striking central feature.
1 All observations by Sir Edward Goschen are taken from The Diary of Edward Goschen: 1910–1914 (1980).
2 Transcript of ‘Zweite Heimat London über Mechtilde Lichnowsky’, produced by Bedrich Rohan for Südwestfunk Literatur 25.9.1988.
3 Goschen, op. cit.
4 Mechtilde Lichnowsky transcript, op. cit., quoting from ML’s novel, An der Leine (Munich, 1930).
5 Harry F. Young, Prince Lichnowsky and the Great War (1977), p. 90; Berliner Tageblatt, 4 June 1914.
6 Georg von Hase, Kiel and Jutland (c.1920).
7 Ibid., p. 28.
8 Ibid., p. 62.
9 Horace Rumbold to Ethel Rumbold, 30.7.1914, quoted by Martin Gilbert, Sir Horace Rumbold: Portrait of a Diplomat: 1869–1941 (1973), p. 114.
10 Berta (Lowry-Corry) de Bunsen’s diary is among the de Bunsen papers at Broughton Castle. (A small section has been published in Historical Research (51) 1978, ed. Christopher Howard, pp. 209–225.)
11 Maurice de Bunsen to Baronness Deichmann, 29.6.1914; Berta de Bunsen to Marie de Bunsen, 2.7.1914, Edgar Trevelyan Stratford Dugdale, Maurice de Bunsen, Diplomat and Friend (1934).
12 Maurice de Bunsen to Edward Grey, 1.8.14, discussing a message from a worried Count Benckendorff at the Russian Embassy in London, Dugdale, ibid.
13 Diary of Berta de Bunsen.
14 Dugdale, op. cit., pp. 304–5; Benjamin Bruce, Silken Dalliance, (1947) p. 123.
15 Harold Nicolson, King George V (1952), pp. 245–6. Nicolson’s informant on these exchanges is likely to have been his father, Sir Arthur, who, as permanent under-secretary at the Foreign Office, was a party to the discussions.
16 Young, op. cit., p. 124.
17 Daisy Pless to HRH George V (Royal Archives), John W. Koch, Daisy Princess of Pless: A Discovery (2004), p. 21.
18 Nicolson, op. cit., p. 247.
19 Koch, op. cit., p. 208. The account of George V’s message is correct, but Daisy Pless was a great romancer. Her diary suggests that she left London for Berlin on 31 July, before the declaration of war.
20 Lichnowsky, My Mission to London, 1912–1914 (1916), p. 89.
21 Ibid., p. 88.
22 Young, op. cit., p. 127.
23 Goschen, op. cit., 15.12.1914; 30.12.1914.
1 All Sorley quotations are from The Collected Letters of Charles Hamilton Sorley, ed. Jean Moorcroft Wilson (1990).
2 Ibid. Both letters, to Sorley’s parents and to the headmaster of Marlborough, were written from Schwerin on 20.2.1914.
3 Reports in the Daily Mail and the Daily Telegraph, 27.11.1915, kindly supplied by George Goschen’s daughter, Tana Fletcher. Additional information provided by the Revd Sir Timothy Forbes Adam, 20 April 2013.
4 Philip Heseltine, ‘Some Notes on Delius and his Music’, Musical Times (1915), pp. 137–42.
5 Sefton Delmer, Trail Sinister: An Autobiography (1941), p. 40.
6 Robert Graves, Goodbye to All That (op. cit), ch. 16.
7 Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (op. cit), p. 312.
8 Melvyn Higginbottom, Intellectuals and British Fascism: A Study of Henry Williamson (1992), p. 23.
9 Captain Edward Hulse to his mother, 28.12.1914, War Letters of Fallen Englishmen, ed. Laurence Housman (1930).
10 Daisy Pless, What I Left Unsaid (1936), p. 124.
11 Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (op. cit), pp. 375 and 459.
12 Tisa Schulenburg, unpublished English variant memoir of Ich hab’s gewagt (Header, 1981).
13 Ibid.
14 Evelyn Blücher, An English Wife in Berlin (1920), p. 38.
15 Friedrich Hochberg to Daisy Pless, 29.5.1917, Daisy Pless, What I left Unsaid (op. cit), pp. 91–2.
16 Ibid., 17.6.1917.
17 Ibid.
18 Hansel Pless, Interviews, see ch. 11, n. 2.
19 Ibid.
20 Ibid.
21 Ibid.
22 Baroness Deichmann, Impressions and Memories (1926), pp. 222–6; additional oral information from the de Bunsen family.
1 Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (op. cit), p. 326.
2 Robert Graves, Goodbye to All That, op. cit, ch. 17.
3 Siegfried Sassoon, Memoirs of a Fox-Hunting Man (1929), pp. 293–4.
4 Daily Herald, 15.5.1915.
5 Hansard 7, 13.5.1915.
6 Arnold White to Leo Maxse, 4 February 1915. Stephan Koss, Lord Haldane: Scapegoat for Liberalism, p. 136.
7 Mark Kerr, Prince Louis of Battenberg (1934), p. 289.
8 Baroness Deichmann, Impressions and Memories (op. cit), p. 278.
9 Ibid., p. 279.
10 Hansard 16.11.1916, vol. 87, cc. 965–7.
11 Timothy Schröder, Renaissance Silver from the Schröder Collection (2007), p. 16.
12 Maureen Specht: The German Hospital and the Community It Served:1845-1948 (op. cit), ch. 13.
1 Prince Heinrich of Pless to Daisy Pless, 4.6.1918, Daisy Pless, Daisy Princess of Pless by Herself (op. cit), pp. 470–1.
2 Friedrich Hochberg to Daisy Pless, 17.6.1918, ibid.
3 Hansel Pless, Interviews, see ch. 11, n. 2.
4 Ebert’s speech was made on 3 December 1918. John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Nemesis of Power: The German Army in Politics, 1918–1945 (1953), p. 31.
5 Hansel Pless, op. cit.
6 Count Harry Kessler, The Diaries of a Cosmopolitan 1918–1937, 9.11.1918 and 18–28.12.1918.
7 See ch. 15, n. 12.
8 Ernest Tennant, True Account (1957), pp. 85–98.
9 Baroness Deichmann, Impressions and Memories (op. cit), pp. 282–5.
10 Philip Kerr to Violet Markham, 10.6.1920, in J. R. M. Butler, Lord Lothian, Philip Kerr, 1882–1940 (1960), p. 77.
11 John Maynard Keynes, ‘Dr Melchior: A Defeated Enemy’ (1949), quoted by Robert Skidelsky, John Maynard Keynes, 1883–1946: Economist, Philosopher, Statesman (2004 edition), p. 221. Skidelsky views this remarkable essay as the finest piece of writing Keynes ever produced.
12 John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace (1919), p. 251.
1 Hansel Pless, from the recorded interviews he made, aged seventy-five, owned by his former wife, Lady Ashtown.
2 Lord D’Abernon, An Ambassador of Peace: Pages from the Diary of Viscount D’Abernon (1929–30), 8.10.1926 and 24.8.1926.
3 Jonathan Petropolous in Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany (OUP, 2006) draws both on the Sassoon correspondence lodged at Cambridge University Library (ULC) and on the Hessen Archives at Darmstadt.
4 Interview with Julie Wheelwright, 20.9.2010.
5 Count Harry Kessler, The Diaries of a Cosmopolitan 1918–1937, (op. cit) 3.3.1923.
6 Joseph Goebbels, Die Tagebücher von Joseph Goebbels, ed. Anne Munding (2005), December 1929–May 1931.
7 Norman Rose, The Cliveden Set: Portrait of an Exclusive Fraternity (2000), p. 127.
8 Baroness Deichmann, Impressions and Memories (op. cit), p. 285.
9 Tisa Schulenburg’s unpublished memoir, see ch. 15, n. 12.
10 Ibid.
11 Ibid.
12 Houston Stewart Chamberlain to Adolf Hitler, 7.10.1923, Briefe und Briefwechsel mit Kaiser Wilhelm II (Munich, 1925). The letter was written shortly after their first, momentous encounter at Bayreuth and on the eve of the planned putsch, about which Chamberlain would seem to have been informed.
13 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925), pp. 128 and 564.
1 Cicely Hamilton, Modern Germanies as Seen by an Englishwoman (1931), p. 246, citing James W. Angell, The Recovery of Germany (1929).
2 Lord D’Abernon, An Ambassador of Peace op. cit, quoting Dr Schacht’s words on 23.1.1926.
3 Ibid., 25.10.1925.
4 The Early Goebbels Diaries: The Diary of Joseph Goebbels 1925–1926 (1962).
5 Ibid.
6 Count Harry Kessler, The Diaries of a Cosmopolitan, op. cit, 28.2.1925.
7 Tisa Schulenburg’s unpublished memoir. See ch. 15, n. 12
8 Hansel Pless, Interviews, see ch. 11, n. 12..
9 Universal Filmlexikon (1932), ed. Frank Arnau, published simultaneously in London and Berlin; Kevin Brownlow, Interviews, 19.6.2012 and 21.6.2012; James Whale, ‘Our Life at Holzminden’, Wide World Magazine 43 (July, 1919), pp. 314–19.
10 Julia Wolff, interviewed for Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood: Germany, written and directed by Kevin Brownlow and David Gill, Photoplay, BBC and ZDF.
11 John Heygate, These Germans: An Estimate of their Character seen in Flashes from the Drama (1940), pp. 14–15.
12 Ibid., p. 59.
13 Diana Mosley, A Life of Contrasts (1977), p. 73.
14 Ibid.
1 Barty Redesdale to Houston Stewart Chamberlain, 25.1.1912, Geoffrey C. Field, Evangelist of Race: The Germanic Vision of Houston Stewart Chamberlain (1918), pp. 462–4.
2 Randolph Churchill, The Young Unpretender: Essays by His Friends, ed. Kay Halle (1971).
3 Interview and correspondence with Lord Moyne (October 2009), Jonathan and Catherine Guinness, The House of Mitford (1984), pp. 280–81.
4 Tom Mitford to his parents, February 1927 and 9.3.1927. Ibid., p. 282.
5 Diana Mosley, A Life of Contrasts (op. cit), p. 59.
6 Interview with the Duchess of Devonshire and Charlotte Mosley, 6.8.2009.
7 Tom Mitford to Unity Mitford April/May 1935, Guinness, op. cit., p. 375.
8 Unity Mitford to Diana Mosley, 8.6.1935, The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, ed. Charlotte Mosley (2007).
9 James Lees-Milne, Diaries, Prophesying Peace (1977), 27.8.1944.
10 Diana Mosley, Loved Ones: Pen Portraits (1985), p. 187.
11 Nancy Mitford to Jessica Treuhaft, 15.11.1968, The Letters of Nancy Mitford, ed. Charlotte Mosley (1993).
1 Harold Nicolson, 4.8.1928, Diaries 1907–1963, ed. Nigel Nicolson (2003).
2 Bella Fromm, 1.2.1930, Blood and Banquets: A Berlin Social Diary (1943).
3 Robert Bruce Lockhart, 13.2.1929, The Diaries of Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, 1915–38 (1973); Gareth Jones, ‘Poland’s Foreign Relations’, The Contemporary Review (July 1931).
4 Ethel Rumbold to her mother, 31.7.1933, Martin Gilbert, Sir Horace Rumbold, Portrait of a Diplomat (1973), p. 387.
5 Fromm, op. cit., 14.10.1930.
6 Gareth Jones, 29.11.1931, The New York American.
7 John Howard de Walden, Earls Have Peacocks (1992), p. 14, and to the author, in conversation. The anecdote opens Craig Brown’s collection of random connections in history: One on One (2011).
8 Rumbold’s observations are taken from Martin Gilbert, op. cit., p. 373.
9 Tisa Schulenburg’s unpublished memoir. See ch. 15, n. 12.
10 Gilbert, op. cit., pp. 377–9.
11 Ibid., p. 386.
12 Fritz Stern, Five Germanys I Have Known (2006), p. 95.
13 Katherine Bucknell and Nicholas Jenkins, ‘W. H. Auden: The Language of Learning and the Language of Love’, Uncollected Writings: New Interpretations (OUP 1994), pp. 21–2.
14 John Heygate, Talking Picture (1934), pp. 198–9.
15 John Heygate, Those Germans: An Estimate of their Character Seen in Flashes from the Drama, (op. cit) pp. 195–6.
16 Details about Gareth Jones’s life and work are taken from Margaret Colley, More Than a Grain of Truth: The Biography of Gareth Jones (2005), from the articles published in the Western Mail, and from the Berliner Tageblatt, 17.8.1935.
17 All quotations from Jones’s published writings are taken from the Western Mail.
18 Ibid.
19 Unity Mitford to Diana Mosley, 1.7.1934, The Mitfords: Letters Between Six Sisters, ed. Charlotte Mosley (2007).
20 The Daily Telegraph, 4.7.1934.
21 The Daily Telegraph, 8.8.1934
22 Michael Tracey, A Variety of Lives: A Biography of Sir Hugh Greene (1983), p. 52.
23 Ibid. An excellent account of Hugh Greene’s German adventures is given by Jeremy Lewis in Shades of Greene: One Generation of an English Family (2010).
1 Stephen Games, Pevsner: The Early Life: Germany and Art (2010), p. 155.
2 John Ratcliff to his mother, 17 April 1932, quoted by Games, ibid., p. 146.
3 Nikolaus Pevsner in private interview with Frank Hermann (24 June 1976), cited by Games, ibid.
4 Ibid., p. 159.
5 Rosalind Priestman, daughter of Pallister Barkas, in conversation with Stephen Games, 6 March 1984, ibid., p. 180.
6 Francesca Wilson, Birmingham Post, 5 April 1933.
7 Pevsner’s career is meticulously charted by Susie Harries, Pevsner (2010); Stephen Games, Pevsner, op. cit., deals only – so far – with his life until 1934. This chapter is largely based upon these two authoritative books.
1 Adolf Hitler, Mein Kampf (1925), p. 564.
2 Christopher Sidgwick, German Journey (1936), p. 175–7.
3 Interview with Ariel Tennant Crittall, 12 April 2011.
4 Ibid.
5 The detail about surcharges comes from Berta de Bunsen’s unpublished reports on her visit with Sir Maurice to Germany in 1933–4 (Broughton Archives).
6 Ibid.
7 Rosemary Seymour to the author, 10 August 2012.
8 Dorothy Gage’s observations come from a private diary in the possession of her children.
9 Interview with April Crowther, 5 August 2010.
10 Dorothy Innes-Smith, unpublished letters from July and August 1934, owned by Robert Innes-Smith.
11 Interview with Sir Harold Atcherley, 1 December 2010.
12 Interview with Daphne Davie, 7 July 2010.
13 Interview with Elizabeth Lowry-Corry, 2 July 2010.
14 Interview with Ronald Barker, 8 November 2010.
15 Robert Byron to Christopher Sykes, 1938, quoted by Christopher Sykes, Four Studies in Loyalty (1946), p. 166.
16 Robert Byron, Nuremberg Diary, 8 September 1938, from James Knox, Robert Byron (2003), p. 398.
17 Virginia Cowles, Looking for Trouble (1941), p. 16.
18 Percy Muir, Minding My Own Business (1956), p. 215.
19 Knox, op. cit., p. 408.
1 Earl Howe to Richard Seaman, 5 May 1939, quoted in The Seaman-Monkhouse Letters: 1936–1939 (2002).
2 Interview with Simon Reynolds, 8 December 2010.
3 Interview with Patrick von Stauffenberg, 5 May 2012.
4 Interviews with Hugh Geddes, Ariane Bankes, Jane Geddes, Euan Geddes, 2010 and 2011. I am also indebted to Jonathan Petropoulos, Royals and the Reich: The Princes von Hessen in Nazi Germany (op. cit), David Duff, Hessian Tapestry: The Hessian Family and British Royalty (Friederick Muller, Fleet Street, 1967) and, for Hesse background details, to Landgraf Moritz of Hesse and his very helpful archival team.
5 Reinhard Spitzy, How We Squandered the Reich (1986), pp. 68–9, 106, 109-110.
6 Shiela Grant Duff, The Parting of Ways: A Personal Account of the Thirties (1982), p. 36.
7 Adam von Trott to Shiela Grant Duff, 2.9.1934, A Noble Combat: The Letters of Shiela Grant Duff and Adam von Trott zu Solz, 1932–1939 (1988), ed. Klemens von Klemperer.
8 Grant Duff, op. cit., p. 125.
9 Ibid., p. 121.
10 Adam von Trott to Shiela Grant Duff, 25 August 1939, Grant Duff, op. cit., p. 211.
1 Sir James Barrie, ‘Barrie and Brown’, The Literary Digest, 14.7.1928.
2 James Fox, between 1969–70, interviewing former Rhodes scholars (Rhodes House), with grateful thanks to Rhodes House and to James Fox for his generous information and assistance.
3 Susie Harries, Pevsner (2010), pp. 171, 200, and for details of life at Duchess Road.
4 Tisa Schulenburg’s unpublished memoir. See ch. 15, n. 12.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Viscount Rothermere, My Fight to Rearm Britain (1939), pp. 80–82. Original German document in PRO, FO 800/290, fols 241–8 (3 May 1935).
9 Bella Fromm, 9.11.1938, Blood and Banquets: A Berlin Social Diary, op. cit.
10 Interview’s with Felix Gottlieb (January, June 2010; August 2012).
11 Interview’s with Etka Green (11 December 2009; 3 December 2012).
12 Interview’s with Eva Tucker (8 July 2009; 2 October 2012).
13 Eva Tucker, Berlin Mosaic (2005), p. 136; I have also drawn upon the sequel, Becoming English (2009).
14 Eva Tucker, Memorial Day Address for Berlin’s Jewish Doctors, 5 November 2006.
15 See above.
1 Eberhard Bethge, Dietrich Bonhoeffer (Augsburg Fortress Publishing, 2000), pp. 259–260.
2 George Bell to Dietrich Bonhoeffer, 24.2.1934, Bell Papers, vol. 42. 368 volumes of Bell papers are kept at Lambeth Palace Library, ref GB.109 BELL. Also accessible at www.lambethpalacelibrary.org.
3 Beverley Nichols, All I Could Never Be (1940), p. 276.
4 Bishop Dr Wolfgang Huber, Berlin, 2.10.2008; the Archbishop of Canterbury, Dr Rowan Williams, The Times, 24.12.2008.
5 Lord Londonderry to his wife, Edith, 30.3.1936, Ian Kershaw, MakingFriends with Hitler: Lord Londonderry, the Nazis and the Road to World War II (2005), p. 128.
6 Otto Schmidt, Hitler’s Interpreter (1951), p. 25.
7 Ibid., p. 54.
8 Lord Londonderry to Sir Eric Phipps, 21.2.1936, Phipps Papers, Churchill Archives, Churchill College, Cambridge.
9 Loelia Westminster, Grace and Favour: The Memoirs of Loelia, Duchess of Westminster (1961), p. 114.
10 Interview with Lady Mairi Bury, 7.4.2009.
11 Diane Urquhart, The Ladies of Londonderry: Women and Political Patronage (2007), p. 199.
12 N. C. Fleming, The Marquess of Londonderry: Aristocracy, Power and Politics in Britain and Ireland (2005), p. 189; Lord Londonderry, Ourselves and Germany (1938) pp. 130–34.
13 Lord Londonderry to Lady Desborough, n.d. but seemingly 1943, quoted by Kershaw, op. cit., p. 337 and H. Montgomery-Hyde, The Londonderrys, a Family Portrait (1979), p. 259.
14 Interview with Lord Lothian, December 2012, and with grateful thanks for information, transcripts and names from the Visitors’ Book, to Jan Brookes at Blickling Hall.
15 James Fox, ‘Cockburn’s Cliveden Set’, in The Langhorne Sisters (1999), p. 500.
16 Ibid., p. 492.
17 A. L. Rowse, Appeasement and All Souls: A Contribution to Contemporary History (1961), p. 40.
18 Fox, The Langhorne Sisters, op. cit., p. 497, quoting a private family letter from Nancy Astor to Bob Brand, February 1937, in which – with characteristic insouciance – she passed on the latest news from their mutual friend.
19 Ibid., quoting from an interview with David Astor, p.485.
20 Norman Rose, The Cliveden Set (2000), p. 174 and p. 152.
21 Lothian to T. W. Lamont, 29.3.1939, J. R. M. Butler, Lothian (1960), p. 226.
22 James Fox, unpublished interviews with Carl Gunther Merz, Fritz Caspari, Dietrich von Bothmer, Adolf Schleppegrell, 1969–70, by permission of James Fox and Rhodes House.
23 Ibid., interview with Fritz Schumacher, 1969.
24 Ibid., interview with C. E. Collins, 8 August 1969.
25 Ibid., interview with Alexander Boker, 1969.
1 Alexander Cadogan to Nevile Henderson, 22.4.1938, Sir Alexander Cadogan, Diaries, 1938–1945, ed. David Dicks (1971).
2 Malcolm Christie – www.spartacusschoolnet.co.uk, which indicates its source for this information as FWWM6.htm. Malcolm Christie is identified at this site by his second name, Hugh.
3 Winston Churchill, the Strand Magazine, November 1935.
4 Churchill Archives, CHAR 2/340B, 152–7.
5 Hansard: Duff Cooper to the House of Commons, 3.10.1938; Chamberlain to the House of Commons, 27.9.1938.
6 E. M. Forster, ‘Post-Munich’ (1939) in Two Cheers for Democracy (1940).
7 Patricia Meehan, The Unnecessary War: Whitehall and the German Resistance to Hitler (1992), pp. 223–35. The account given here of Christie, Conwell-Evans, the Kordts and their dealings with the Foreign Office is based on the Malcolm Christie Archive at Churchill College, and on Patricia Meehan’s invaluable account.
8 Philip Conwell-Evans, None So Blind (1947), privately printed, pp. 195–8.
9 Malcolm Christie to Theo Kordt (n.d, but probably at the beginning of September 1939). Cited by Meehan, op. cit., p. 246. Also in Case XI Doc Bk 9 No. 931, Kordt Papers, in the case of US v Baron Ernst von Weizsäcker (US Printing Office, Washington).
10 Halifax to Lothian, 21.11.1939, Patricia Meehan, The Unnecessary War, op. cit.
11 Ibid, pp. 272–4.
12 Giles MacDonogh, A Good German: Adam von Trott zu Solz (1989), p. 331.
13 Meehan, op. cit., citing Foreign Office document FO 371/46852, p. 343.
14 Meehan, op. cit., citing Weizsäcker, Case XI, Prosecution Document Nos. NG-5186 and 86A, p. 371.
15 See 8 above, p. 211.
1 Friedrich Reck-Malleczewen, 30.10.1942, Diary of a Man in Despair (2000).
2 Hansel Pless, from his papers (Ashtown).
3 Interview with Lady Ashtown, 12 September 2011.
4 Tisa Schulenburg’s unpublished memoir. See ch. 15, n. 12.
5 Ibid.
6 Ibid.
7 Ibid.
8 Tisa Schulenburg to Christabel Bielenburg, n.d. unpublished (Schulenburg family).
9 Interviews and letters from Mechtilde Lichnowsky Peto’s great-grandson, Eduardo Graf Lichnowsky (in Brazil), and from her great-nephew, Cajetan Pfetten, in Salzburg (2011 and 2012).
10 Mechtilde Lichnowsky, Heute und Vorgestern (1958).
11 Daisy Pless to her divorced sister Shelagh, 7.11.1939 (Ashtown).
12 Hansel Pless, see n.2 above.
13 Hansard, 22.8.1940.
14 Hansel Pless to Victor Cazalet, 25.9.1941, enclosing his original detention order and responses received. See n. 2 above.
15 Michael Kerr, As Far As I Remember (2002), p. 133. Kerr’s sister, Judith, is the celebrated children’s author and illustrator.
16 Daisy Pless to Hansel Pless, 3.4.1942, John W. Koch, Daisy Princess of Pless: A Discovery (2004), ch. 11, and Koch in conversation with the author, February 2012.
17 The Times, 13.7.1943.
18 George Cornwallis-West to Winston Churchill, 29.3.1943 CHAR/1/374/32–3 (Churchill College).
19 Hansel Pless, interviews, see ch. 11, n. 2.
20 Interview with Lady Ashtown, 12 September 2011.
21 The Hackney Gazette, 3.6.1940.
22 Maureen Specht: The German Hospital, op. cit, and Hackney Gazette (June, July, August 1940).
23 Unpublished memoir of World War II, by Charles Victor de Rohan, with thanks to the Prince’s granddaughter, Ann Buchanan.
24 Information about Goodliffe’s activities can be found in Midge Gillies, Barbed-Wire University: The Real Life of Prisoners of War in the Second World War (2010), and Terence Prittie and Wearle Richards, South to Freedom (1946), and at the website www.mgoodliffe.co.uk, compiled by the actor’s son, Jonathan Goodliffe.
25 Ibid.
26 M. N. McKibbin, Barbed Wire (1947), p. 85.
1 Material regarding Koeppler and Wilton Park is taken from conversations with the team at Wiston House (Wilton Park), and from Richard Mayne’s indispensable book on the subject: In Victory, Magnanimity, In Peace, Goodwill: A History of Wilton Park (2003), pp. 5–6. The details concerning letters to Koeppler are also taken from Mayne.
2 Ibid., pp. 57–8.
3 Herbert Sulzbach, Channel 4 (1984), with thanks to Fiona Maddocks (interview, 7.6.2012); with reference to Terence Prittie’s foreword to the 1998 UK edition of Zwei lebende Mauern (1935).
4 Mayne, op. cit., p. 92.
5 Ibid., p. 416.
6 Murray Schafer, British Composers in Interview (1963), p. 231.
7 Paul Kildea, Benjamin Britten: A Life in the Twentieth Century (2013). I am also indebted to Ariane Bankes and to George St. Andrews for details about Wolfsgarten, and Britten’s visits, described here on pp. 445–447.
8 Hans Werner Henze, Programme Book for the Aldeburgh Festival of Music and Arts (1997), p. 23.
9 With grateful thanks to Dr Nicholas Clark for supplying material and information relating to the Hesse Student Fellowships.
10 Kildea, op. cit., p. 454.